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Socialist Party of Serbia

April 10, 2023

The Socialist Party of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Социјалистичка партија Србије, romanized: Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS) is a political party in Serbia. It is led by Ivica Dačić.

Socialist Party of Serbia
Социјалистичка партија Србије
Socijalistička partija Srbije
AbbreviationSPS
PresidentIvica Dačić
Vice-Presidents
Parliamentary leaderSnežana Paunović
FounderSlobodan Milošević
Founded17 July 1990 (1990-07-17)
Merger of
HeadquartersBulevar Mihajla Pupina 6, Belgrade
Youth wingSocialist Youth
Women's wingWomen's Forum
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left
National affiliationSPS–JS–ZS
Colours  Red
National Assembly
22 / 250
Assembly of Vojvodina
10 / 120
City Assembly of Belgrade
7 / 110
Party flag
Website
sps.org.rs

It was founded in 1990 as a merger of the League of Communists of Serbia and Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia with Slobodan Milošević as its first president. In the 1990 general elections, SPS won 194 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly while Milošević was elected president of Serbia. The following year, mass protests were organised in Belgrade, while Milošević stepped down as president of SPS; he returned as president in 1992. After the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1992, Serbia became a part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and SPS contested in its first parliamentary election which was boycotted by the opposition. Simultaneously, general elections were organised in Serbia; SPS won 101 seats while Milošević remained president. After this election, SPS relied on the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS) until the 1993 election; the coalition between SPS and SRS was disintegrated, and SPS instead formed a coalition government with the New Democracy (ND). This coalition was later expanded in 1996, when the Yugoslav Left (JUL) joined to form the Left Coalition. ND abandoned the coalition after SPS and JUL formed a government with SRS in 1998, which was then defeated by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) in the 2000 general election. The results of the election, which were contested by DOS, led to mass protests, which then culminated into the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević.

SPS remained in opposition until 2003, when it began serving as confidence and supply to the government led by Vojislav Koštunica to 2007. Dačić, who was elected president of SPS in 2006, led the party into a coalition government with the Democratic Party after the 2008 parliamentary election, while four years later he became the prime minister of Serbia after he formed a coalition government with the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS). He remained prime minister until 2014, while SPS has since then remained a junior member of SNS-led governments. SPS is affiliated with United Serbia and Greens of Serbia political parties. Under Milošević's leadership, SPS supported mixed economy and promoted nationalism, while it also maintained connections with trade unions. After Dačić became president, SPS remained affiliated with populism, but moved towards social democracy and shifted from Euroscepticism to a more pro-European image which has been described as pragmatic.

History

Formation

After the World War II, the Communist Party consolidated power in Yugoslavia.[1] Each constituent republic had its own branch of the party, with Serbia having the Communist Party of Serbia, which was renamed to League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) in 1952.[2][3] SKS elected Slobodan Milošević as its president in 1986, after an endorsement coming from then-incumbent president of SKS, Ivan Stambolić.[4] Milošević came to power by promising to reduce the autonomy of provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina.[5][6] At a congress that was held in January 1990, rifts between SKS and League of Communists of Slovenia occurred which ultimately led to the dissolution of the federal Communist Party.[7][8] This also led to the establishment of multi-party systems in the constituent republics.[9]

Milošević organised a congress on 17 July 1990, during which its delegates voted in favour of merging SKS and the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SSRNJ) to create the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS).[10][11]: xx  Milošević was elected as the party's president.[10][12] According to political scientist Jerzy Wiatr, the merger "did not substantially change either the organisational structure of the party or its administration", although SPS did gain control of a large amount of infrastructure, including material and financial assets.[11]: 63 [13][14] Milošević as president of the SPS was able to wield considerable power and influence in the government and the public and private sectors, while members of SPS who had shown their independence from loyalty towards Milošević were expelled from the party.[15][16]: 210 

1990–1992

 
Slobodan Milošević was the founder of SPS and its leader from 1990 to 1991 and again from 1992 to 2006

SPS took part in the general elections which was organised for December 1990.[9][17]: 24  The parliamentary election was conducted in a first-past-the-post system, where members were elected in 250 single-member constituency seats; this system strengthened the position of SPS.[9][14][18]: 142  This resulted into SPS winning 194 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly, despite only winning 48% of the popular vote.[14][19] Opposition parties, such as the Democratic Party (DS) and Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), tried to challenge the legitimacy of the election, citing alleged abuse of postal voting and manipulation during vote counting.[9][17]: 38  In the presidential election, Milošević won 65% of the popular vote in the first round of the election.[17]: 37 [20] By January 1991, sociologist Laslo Sekelj reported that SPS had 500,000 members.[21] SPS was faced with protests in March 1991, while Milošević was succeeded by Borisav Jović as the president of SPS on 24 May 1991; he held the position until 24 October 1992, when Milošević returned as president of SPS, following the second party congress.[22]: 105 [11]: 122 [17]: 44 

After the break-up of Yugoslavia, Serbia became a part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[23][24] With the opposition boycotting the May 1992 parliamentary election, SPS won 49% of the popular vote.[17]: 51 [25]: 1703  Protests were held shortly after the election, after which snap elections were called for December 1992, in which SPS won 33% of the popular vote.[17]: 54 [25]: 1704–1724  Simultaneously with these elections, the 1992 general elections occurred in Serbia as a result of a early elections referendum that was organised in October 1992.[17]: 85  The parliamentary election in 1992 was conducted under a proportional representation system, and in it SPS won 101 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly; because of that the SPS minority government had to rely on the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS), which had won 73 seats.[26][27] In the presidential election however, Milošević won 57% of the popular vote in the first round, while his opponent Milan Panić won 35% of the popular vote.[17]: 90 [28]

1993–2000

After the announcement that SPS would abandon its hardline position regarding the Bosnian War and Croatian War of Independence in favour of a compromise and after a dispute regarding the rebalancing of the federal budget in July 1993, the coalition between SPS and SRS was disintegrated.[17]: 100  SRS then unsuccessfully called a motion of no confidence against SPS in September 1993, though Milošević ended up dissolving the National Assembly to call a snap parliamentary election for December 1993.[17]: 102 [29] In the parliamentary election, SPS won 123 seats, though still short 3 seats of a majority, Milošević then persuaded the New Democracy (ND), which as part of the SPO-led Democratic Movement of Serbia coalition won 5 seats, to enter a coalition government with SPS.[29][30] ND accepted this and the new government headed by Mirko Marjanović was sworn in March 1994.[29][30]

SPS soon formed the Left Coalition with ND and the Yugoslav Left (JUL), a far-left political party headed by Milošević's wife Mirjana Marković,[31] to contest the parliamentary elections for the federal parliament in November 1996.[17]: 72  The Left Coalition emerged with 64 out of 108 seats in the election.[25]: 1724 [32] Milošević, who was constitutionally limited to two terms as president of Serbia, was elected president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in July 1997, shortly before the general elections in Serbia.[18]: 144 [33] SPS took part with ND and JUL under the Left Coalition banner and won 110 seats in the National Assembly.[17]: 113 [34] ND declined to join the government and the coalition was subsequently disintegrated after SPS and JUL formed a government with SRS.[17]: 124 [35][36] In the presidential election, SPS nominated Zoran Lilić, although the election ended up being annulled as the election's turnout was less than 50%.[17]: 118  This led to another presidential election which was held in December 1997; Milan Milutinović, the SPS-nominated candidate, won in the second round of the election.[17]: 120 [18]: 144 

The new SPS-led government was faced with the Kosovo War which ended up making a major impact on SPS.[17]: 125 [18]: 144  SPO joined the SPS-led federal government in January 1999.[37] Vuk Drašković, the leader of SPO, supported the proposed Rambouillet Agreement, though Milošević declined to sign it, which ultimately led to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.[37][38] Additionally, SPS and SPO entered into a conflict after the assassination of journalist Slavko Ćuruvija, which led to dismissal of SPO from the federal government.[37] In the same year, Milošević proposed constitutional changes to the federal parliament to allow him to run for another term in the 2000 election; the amendments were passed by the parliament.[18]: 145  Otpor, a student resistance movement formed in October 1998, and the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a wide alliance of opposition parties formed in January 2000, called for early elections, though the elections ended up being organised for September 2000.[17]: 234 [18]: 144 [37] Milošević faced Vojislav Koštunica, the DOS-nominated candidate, in the presidential election.[17]: 243  The Federal Election Committee reported that Milošević placed second although that Koštunica also won less than 50% of the popular vote; this resulted into DOS-organised mass protests, which culminated into the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević.[17]: 245 [37] Milošević accepted defeat on 5 October 2000, while the Federal Election Committee published actual results on 7 October.[37][39][40] Shortly after the elections, SPS, SPO, and DOS agreed to organise a snap parliamentary election in Serbia in December 2000.[17]: 254 [37] This parliamentary election, and all subsequent ones, were conducted in a proportional electoral system with only one electoral unit.[37] SPS suffered defeat and only won 37 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly, which put the party in opposition for the first time since its formation in 1990.[37][41]: 434 

2001–2008

 
Ivica Dačić has been the leader of SPS since 2006

Milošević, who was still the president of SPS, was arrested in March 2001 on suspicion of corruption and abuse of power, and was shortly after extradited to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to stand trial for war crimes instead.[42][43] At the presidential election in September 2002, SPS nominated actor Bata Živojinović; he placed sixth.[44][45] This election ended up being annulled as the turnout in the second round was less than 50%.[45] This resulted into another presidential election which was held in December 2002;[46][47]: 7  SPS supported Vojislav Šešelj, the leader of SRS.[47]: 103  He placed second in the presidential election, which ended up being annulled again as the turnout was less than 50%.[47]: 203 [48] At a party congress in January 2003, Ivica Dačić, a reformist within SPS, was elected president of the party's main board.[49] It was reported that Milošević subsequently demanded his exclusion of the party, although Dačić denied this.[50] Another presidential election was held in November 2003 which SPS ended up boycotting.[51][52] A month later, SPS took part in a snap parliamentary election in which it won 22 seats; the drop in popularity occurred due to their voters shifting towards SRS.[53][54] SPS ended up serving as confidence and supply to Koštunica's government in the National Assembly.[53] In 2004, the 50% turnout rule for presidential elections was abolished, after which SPS nominated Dačić as their presidential candidate for the 2004 presidential election; he placed fifth.[55][56]

After the death of Milošević in March 2006, a conflict between Dačić and Milorad Vučelić emerged regarding who would continue leading the party.[57][58] At the party congress in December 2006, Dačić was officially elected president of SPS, after previously serving as the party's de facto leader since 2003.[59][60][61] In the parliamentary election that was held in January 2007, SPS dropped to 16 seats in the National Assembly, after which SPS returned to opposition.[61][62] A year later, SPS nominated Milutin Mrkonjić, the party's deputy president, as its candidate in the presidential election.[63]: 16  Mrkonjić campaigned on social issues and issues regarding the economy, insisting that SPS is "the true party of the left" and that Serbia should join the European Union.[63]: 16  He placed fourth, winning 6% of the popular vote.[63]: 19 [64] SPS shortly after formed a coalition with United Serbia (JS) and Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS) which took part in the snap parliamentary election in May 2008.[65][66]: 7  The coalition won 20 seats, 12 of which went to SPS alone.[66]: 24 [67] Initially, SPS negotiated with SRS, Democratic Party of Serbia, and New Serbia to form a government, however SPS ended up abandoning those negotiations in favour of those with the For a European Serbia coalition, which was led by DS.[65][66]: 153–154  The DS–SPS coalition government was sworn in July 2008, with Dačić serving as first deputy prime minister while Slavica Đukić Dejanović became the president of the National Assembly.[65][66]: 155 

2009–2014

 
Official logo of SPS until December 2014

While in government, SPS was faced with challenges regarding the Kosovo declaration of independence and the global financial crisis, which led to low rates of economic growth.[68]: 11–13  Additionally, SPS signed a reconciliation agreement with its government partner DS, although clashes between the parties had continued to occur even after the agreement.[69] Further, protests that were organised in 2011 led Boris Tadić, the president of Serbia, to call snap elections for 2012.[70][71] During the 2012 campaign period, SPS campaigned with JS and PUPS, with Dačić being their joint presidential candidate.[68]: 18 [69] He campaigned on workers' rights, free education, and ending neoliberalism, as well as rising wages and pensions, while SPS also campaigned on criticising post-Milošević governments.[68]: 18 [69] In the parliamentary election, the coalition led by SPS won 44 seats in the National Assembly, while SPS alone won 25.[68]: 34 [72] Dačić placed third in the presidential election, winning 15% of the popular vote.[68]: 22  After the announcement that Tomislav Nikolić, the leader of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), had won the presidential election, Dačić abandoned the coalition with DS and pursued to form a government with SNS instead.[73][74] This resulted into Dačić becoming the prime minister of Serbia in July 2012.[75][76]

As prime minister, Dačić worked on normalisation between Serbia and Kosovo, which was formalised under the Brussels Agreement in April 2013.[77] His government was re-shuffled on his order in September 2013, after which SPS and SNS continued to govern alone without the United Regions of Serbia.[78]: 9  However, president Nikolić called for snap parliamentary elections to be held in March 2014.[78]: 9 [79] SPS took part in the election with JS and PUPS and campaigned on the protection of workers, peasants, and pensioners.[78]: 15 [80] They won 44 seats in the National Assembly, while their coalition partner, SNS, won 158 seats in total.[78]: 19 [79] SPS remained in government, although Dačić was succeeded by Aleksandar Vučić, the leader of SNS, as prime minister of Serbia.[78]: 119–120 [79] At a party congress in December 2014, SPS adopted its new logo.[81]

2015–present

Throughout of 2015, it was discussed whether a snap parliamentary election would occur.[82] This was confirmed in January 2016, when a parliamentary election was announced to be held in April 2016.[83][84]: 7  Following the announcement, PUPS left the SPS–JS coalition and joined the one that was led by SNS, while SPS and JS formalised a coalition with the Greens of Serbia (ZS).[85][86] The SPS-led ballot list also included Joška Broz, the leader of the Communist Party and the grandson of Josip Broz Tito.[87][88] This coalition won 29 seats in the National Assembly, 21 out of which were occupied by SPS.[82][89] Following the election, SPS agreed to again serve as a junior member in the SNS-led coalition government, which was inaugurated in August 2016.[82][90] SPS did not take part in the 2017 presidential election and instead it supported Vučić, who ended up winning 56% of the popular vote in the first round of the election.[91][92] His election as president was followed by mass protests.[93][94]

At the end of 2018, a series of anti-government protests began and they lasted until March 2020.[95][96] During this period, the opposition Alliance for Serbia announced that it would boycott the 2020 parliamentary elections.[97][98] This led the SPS-led coalition to win 32 seats, despite getting less votes than in the 2016 election.[99][100]: 9  SPS offered to continue its cooperation with the SNS-led coalition, which now had 188 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly.[101] SPS remained in government with SNS after the election, while Dačić, who had been the first deputy prime minister of Serbia since 2014, became the president of the National Assembly in October 2020.[102][103] Dačić presided over the dialogues to improve election conditions from May to October 2021.[104][105] SPS affirmed its position to continue its support for SNS after these dialogues, while in January 2022, SPS announced that it would support Vučić in the 2022 presidential election.[106][107] In the parliamentary election, SPS took part in a coalition with JS and ZS, while it campaigned on greater cooperation with China and Russia.[108][109] It won 31 seats in total, 22 out of which went to SPS, while Vučić won 60% of the popular vote in the presidential election.[110][111] SPS agreed to continue governing with SNS after the election, which led to Dačić being re-appointed as first deputy prime minister in October 2022.[112][113]

Ideology and platform

Milošević era

SPS adopted its first political programme in October 1990, which had the intention to develop "Serbia as a socialist republic, founded on law and social justice".[11]: 64 [16]: 206  The party made economic reforms outside of Marxist ideology such as recognising all forms of property and intended a progression to a market economy while at the same time advocating some regulation for the purposes of "solidarity, equality, and social security".[16]: 206  While in power, SPS enacted policies that were negative towards workers' rights, while beginning in 1992, SPS moved its support towards a mixed economy with both public and private sectors.[114]: 184–185  SPS maintained connections with trade unions, although independent trade unions faced hostility and their activities were brutalised by the police.[16]: 216  During Milošević's era, SPS was positioned on the left-wing on the political spectrum,[11]: 254 [115] and was associated with anti-liberalism.[116] SPS declared itself to be a "democratic socialist party" and "the follower of the ideas of Svetozar Marković, Dimitrije Tucović, and the Serbian Social Democratic Party".[117] Heinz Timmermann, a political scientist, and Marko Stojić, a Metropolitan University Prague lecturer, associated SPS during Milošević's era with nationalist form of populism.[118][119] Political scientist Jean-Pierre Cabestan noted that SPS thrived on the growth of nationalism, but was not nationalist itself, and instead associated SPS with communism.[120] Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić, an ethnologist, noted that SPS "usurped the nationalist rhetoric of opposition parties".[121] Janusz Bugajski, a political scientist, described SPS as nationalist, but also noted that it never identified as such.[41]: 399 [122] Warren Zimmermann, the last United States ambassador to Yugoslavia, argued that Milošević was "not a genuine nationalist but an opportunist".[123]

SPS nominally endorsed the principle of full equality of all the Yugoslav peoples and ethnic minorities, while it was also supportive of Yugoslavism.[16]: 206  Up until 1993, it supported Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia who wished to remain in Yugoslavia.[16]: 213  As Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence, the involvement by SPS as a ruling party had become more devoted to helping external Serbs run their own independent entities.[16]: 213  Milošević denied that the government of Serbia helped Serb military forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, instead stating that they had the right to self-determination; Jović stated in a 1995 BBC documentary that Milošević endorsed the transfer of Bosnian Serb federal army forces to the Bosnian Serb Army in 1992 to help achieve Serb independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina.[124] Though shortly before the Dayton Agreement in 1995, SPS began to oppose the government of Republika Srpska, which was headed by Radovan Karadžić.[16]: 213  The opposition accused SPS of authoritarianism, as well as personal profiteering from illegal business transactions in the arms trade, cigarettes and oil; this illegal business was caused by the UN sanctions, and none of accusations for personal profiteering were ever proven at the court.[16]: 217  Political scientists Nebojša Vladisavljević, Karmen Erjavec, and Florian Bieber also described Milošević's rule as authoritarian.[125][126][127] Independent media during the SPS administration received threats and high fines.[16]: 216 

Dačić era

After Dačić came to power, SPS shifted towards democratic socialism,[128]: 537  and then to social democracy in the 2010s.[129][130]: 62 [131]: 38  Although SPS is still affiliated and has promoted populist rhetoric,[22]: 102 [131]: 47  its nationalist image has been softened.[132] It is now positioned on the centre-left on the political spectrum.[130]: 65 [133][134] Prior to mid-2000s, SPS was Eurosceptic while it also promoted anti-globalist and anti-Western sentiment.[130]: 67  It also promoted "anti-imperialist" criticism towards the European Union and NATO.[135] Since then, SPS had adopted its support for the accession of Serbia to the European Union,[130]: 67  and a more pro-European image after it came back to government in 2008,[18]: 151  which scholars Nataša Jovanović Ajzenhamer and Haris Dajč rather described as pragmatic.[136] Although, SPS has also been also described as pro-Russian.[137]

Organisation

The current president of SPS is Dačić, who was most recently re-elected in December 2022, while the current vice-presidents are Aleksandar Antić, Branko Ružić, Dušan Bajatović, Novica Tončev, Predrag J. Marković, Slavica Đukić Dejanović, Đorđe Milićević, and Žarko Obradović.[138][139] The president of its parliamentary group is Snežana Paunović.[140] The headquarters of SPS are located at Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 6 in Belgrade.[141] It has a youth wing named Socialist Youth and a women's wing named Women's Forum.[142][143]

Its membership from its foundation in 1990 to 1997 involved many elements of the social strata of Serbia, including state administrators and business management elites of state-owned enterprises, employees in the state-owned sector, less privileged groups of farmers, and the unemployed and pensioners.[16]: 208  From 1998 to 2000, its membership included apparatchiks at administrative and judicial levels, the nouveau riche, whose business success was founded solely from their affiliation with the government, and top army and police officials and a large majority of the police force.[16]: 209  In 2011, SPS reported to have had 120,000 members, while in 2014 SPS stated that they had around 200,000 members.[144][145] SPS reported to have 65,000 members in 2015.[146]

International cooperation

SPS cooperated with Momir Bulatović in Montenegro and the parties he led, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina SPS used to cooperate with Karadžić's Serb Democratic Party and with the Socialist Party.[128]: 544–545 [147] SPS cooperates with Syriza, a political party in Greece.[148] Following the 2008 elections, SPS sent an application to join the Socialist International while Dačić also met with its then-president George Papandreou.[149][150] However, the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina opposed this move and called for its application to be declined, while Jelko Kacin, a Liberal Democracy of Slovenia politician, claimed that Tadić blocked SPS from joining the Socialist International.[151][152] Its candidature has not yet been accepted, although SPS also seeks associate member status in the Party of European Socialists.[153] In the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, SPS is represented by Dunja Simonović Bratić, who sits in the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.[154]

List of presidents

# President Birth–Death Term start Term end
1 Slobodan Milošević   1941–2006 17 July 1990 24 May 1991
2 Borisav Jović   1928–2021 24 May 1991 24 October 1992
3 Slobodan Milošević   1941–2006 24 October 1992 11 March 2006
4 Ivica Dačić   1966– 11 March 2006 Incumbent

Electoral performance

Parliamentary elections

National Assembly of Serbia
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Coalition Status Ref.
1990 Slobodan Milošević 2,320,587 48.15%   1st
194 / 250
   194 – Government [155]
1992 1,359,086 30.62%   1st
101 / 250
   93 – Government [156]
1993 1,576,287 38.21%   1st
123 / 250
   22 – Government [157]
1997 1,418,036 35.70%   1st
85 / 250
   38 Left Coalition Government [158]
2000 516,326 14.10%   2nd
37 / 250
   48 – Opposition [159]
2003 Ivica Dačić 291,341 7.72%   6th
22 / 250
   15 – Support [160]
2007 227,580 5.74%   5th
16 / 250
   6 – Opposition [161]
2008 313,896 7.75%   4th
12 / 250
   4 SPS–PUPS–JS Government [162]
2012 567,689 15.18%   3rd
25 / 250
   13 SPS–PUPS–JS Government [163]
2014 484,607 13.94%   2nd
25 / 250
   0 SPS–PUPS–JS Government [164]
2016 413,770 11.28%   2nd
21 / 250
   4 SPS–JS–KP–ZS Government [165]
2020 334,333 10.78%   2nd
22 / 250
   1 SPS–JS–KP–ZS Government [166]
2022 435,274 11.79%   3rd
22 / 250
   0 SPS–JS–ZS Government [167]

Presidential elections

President of Serbia
Year Candidate 1st round popular vote % of popular vote 2nd round popular vote % of popular vote Notes Ref.
1990 Slobodan Milošević 1st 3,285,799 67.71% — — — [155]
1992 1st 2,515,047 57.46% — — — [168]
Sep 1997 Zoran Lilić 1st 1,474,924 37.12% 2nd 1,691,354 49.38% Election annulled due to low turnout [169]
Dec 1997 Milan Milutinović 1st 1,665,822 44.62% 1st 2,181,808 61.19% [170]
Sep–Oct 2002 Bata Živojinović 6th 119,052 3.34% — — — Election annulled due to low turnout [171]
Dec 2002 Vojislav Šešelj 2nd 1,063,296 37.10% — — — Supported Šešelj; election annulled due to low turnout
2003 Election boycott Election annulled due to low turnout
2004 Ivica Dačić 5th 125,952 4.09% — — — [172]
2008 Milutin Mrkonjić 4th 245,889 6.09% — — — [173]
2012 Ivica Dačić 3rd 556,013 14.89% — — — [163]
2017 Aleksandar Vučić 1st 2,012,788 56.01% — — — Supported Vučić [174]
2022 1st 2,224,914 60.01% — — — [175]

Federal parliamentary elections

Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Coalition Status Notes Ref.
May 1992 Slobodan Milošević 1,655,485 49.05%   1st
73 / 136
   73 – Government [17]: 212 
1992–1993 1,478,918 33.34%   1st
47 / 138
   26 – Government [17]: 213 
1996 1,848,669 45.34%   1st
52 / 138
   5 Left Coalition Government [17]: 214 
2000 1,532,841 33.95%   2nd
44 / 138
   8 – Opposition Chamber of Citizens election [17]: 269 
1,479,583 32.68%   2nd
7 / 40
   7 – Opposition Chamber of Republics election [17]: 270 

Federal presidential elections

President of FR Yugoslavia
Year Candidate 1st round popular vote % of popular vote 2nd round popular vote % of popular vote Ref.
2000 Slobodan Milošević 2nd 1,826,799 38.24% — — — [17]: 269 

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External links

  • Official website
  •   Media related to Socialist Party of Serbia at Wikimedia Commons


April 10, 2023
socialist, party, serbia, serbian, cyrillic, Социјалистичка, партија, Србије, romanized, socijalistička, partija, srbije, political, party, serbia, ivica, dačić, Социјалистичка, партија, Србијеsocijalistička, partija, srbijeabbreviationspspresidentivica, dačić. The Socialist Party of Serbia Serbian Cyrillic Sociјalistichka partiјa Srbiјe romanized Socijalisticka partija Srbije SPS is a political party in Serbia It is led by Ivica Dacic Socialist Party of Serbia Sociјalistichka partiјa SrbiјeSocijalisticka partija SrbijeAbbreviationSPSPresidentIvica DacicVice PresidentsAleksandar AnticBranko RuzicDusan BajatovicNovica ToncevPredrag J MarkovicSlavica Đukic DejanovicĐorđe MilicevicZarko ObradovicParliamentary leaderSnezana PaunovicFounderSlobodan MilosevicFounded17 July 1990 1990 07 17 Merger ofSKSSSRNJHeadquartersBulevar Mihajla Pupina 6 BelgradeYouth wingSocialist YouthWomen s wingWomen s ForumIdeologySocial democracyPopulismPolitical positionCentre leftNational affiliationSPS JS ZSColours RedNational Assembly22 250Assembly of Vojvodina10 120City Assembly of Belgrade7 110Party flagWebsitesps wbr org wbr rsPolitics of SerbiaPolitical partiesElectionsIt was founded in 1990 as a merger of the League of Communists of Serbia and Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia with Slobodan Milosevic as its first president In the 1990 general elections SPS won 194 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly while Milosevic was elected president of Serbia The following year mass protests were organised in Belgrade while Milosevic stepped down as president of SPS he returned as president in 1992 After the break up of Yugoslavia in 1992 Serbia became a part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and SPS contested in its first parliamentary election which was boycotted by the opposition Simultaneously general elections were organised in Serbia SPS won 101 seats while Milosevic remained president After this election SPS relied on the far right Serbian Radical Party SRS until the 1993 election the coalition between SPS and SRS was disintegrated and SPS instead formed a coalition government with the New Democracy ND This coalition was later expanded in 1996 when the Yugoslav Left JUL joined to form the Left Coalition ND abandoned the coalition after SPS and JUL formed a government with SRS in 1998 which was then defeated by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia DOS in the 2000 general election The results of the election which were contested by DOS led to mass protests which then culminated into the overthrow of Slobodan Milosevic SPS remained in opposition until 2003 when it began serving as confidence and supply to the government led by Vojislav Kostunica to 2007 Dacic who was elected president of SPS in 2006 led the party into a coalition government with the Democratic Party after the 2008 parliamentary election while four years later he became the prime minister of Serbia after he formed a coalition government with the Serbian Progressive Party SNS He remained prime minister until 2014 while SPS has since then remained a junior member of SNS led governments SPS is affiliated with United Serbia and Greens of Serbia political parties Under Milosevic s leadership SPS supported mixed economy and promoted nationalism while it also maintained connections with trade unions After Dacic became president SPS remained affiliated with populism but moved towards social democracy and shifted from Euroscepticism to a more pro European image which has been described as pragmatic Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 1990 1992 1 3 1993 2000 1 4 2001 2008 1 5 2009 2014 1 6 2015 present 2 Ideology and platform 2 1 Milosevic era 2 2 Dacic era 3 Organisation 3 1 International cooperation 3 2 List of presidents 4 Electoral performance 4 1 Parliamentary elections 4 2 Presidential elections 4 3 Federal parliamentary elections 4 4 Federal presidential elections 5 References 6 External linksHistoryFormation After the World War II the Communist Party consolidated power in Yugoslavia 1 Each constituent republic had its own branch of the party with Serbia having the Communist Party of Serbia which was renamed to League of Communists of Serbia SKS in 1952 2 3 SKS elected Slobodan Milosevic as its president in 1986 after an endorsement coming from then incumbent president of SKS Ivan Stambolic 4 Milosevic came to power by promising to reduce the autonomy of provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina 5 6 At a congress that was held in January 1990 rifts between SKS and League of Communists of Slovenia occurred which ultimately led to the dissolution of the federal Communist Party 7 8 This also led to the establishment of multi party systems in the constituent republics 9 Milosevic organised a congress on 17 July 1990 during which its delegates voted in favour of merging SKS and the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia SSRNJ to create the Socialist Party of Serbia SPS 10 11 xx Milosevic was elected as the party s president 10 12 According to political scientist Jerzy Wiatr the merger did not substantially change either the organisational structure of the party or its administration although SPS did gain control of a large amount of infrastructure including material and financial assets 11 63 13 14 Milosevic as president of the SPS was able to wield considerable power and influence in the government and the public and private sectors while members of SPS who had shown their independence from loyalty towards Milosevic were expelled from the party 15 16 210 1990 1992 Slobodan Milosevic was the founder of SPS and its leader from 1990 to 1991 and again from 1992 to 2006 SPS took part in the general elections which was organised for December 1990 9 17 24 The parliamentary election was conducted in a first past the post system where members were elected in 250 single member constituency seats this system strengthened the position of SPS 9 14 18 142 This resulted into SPS winning 194 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly despite only winning 48 of the popular vote 14 19 Opposition parties such as the Democratic Party DS and Serbian Renewal Movement SPO tried to challenge the legitimacy of the election citing alleged abuse of postal voting and manipulation during vote counting 9 17 38 In the presidential election Milosevic won 65 of the popular vote in the first round of the election 17 37 20 By January 1991 sociologist Laslo Sekelj reported that SPS had 500 000 members 21 SPS was faced with protests in March 1991 while Milosevic was succeeded by Borisav Jovic as the president of SPS on 24 May 1991 he held the position until 24 October 1992 when Milosevic returned as president of SPS following the second party congress 22 105 11 122 17 44 After the break up of Yugoslavia Serbia became a part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 23 24 With the opposition boycotting the May 1992 parliamentary election SPS won 49 of the popular vote 17 51 25 1703 Protests were held shortly after the election after which snap elections were called for December 1992 in which SPS won 33 of the popular vote 17 54 25 1704 1724 Simultaneously with these elections the 1992 general elections occurred in Serbia as a result of a early elections referendum that was organised in October 1992 17 85 The parliamentary election in 1992 was conducted under a proportional representation system and in it SPS won 101 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly because of that the SPS minority government had to rely on the far right Serbian Radical Party SRS which had won 73 seats 26 27 In the presidential election however Milosevic won 57 of the popular vote in the first round while his opponent Milan Panic won 35 of the popular vote 17 90 28 1993 2000 After the announcement that SPS would abandon its hardline position regarding the Bosnian War and Croatian War of Independence in favour of a compromise and after a dispute regarding the rebalancing of the federal budget in July 1993 the coalition between SPS and SRS was disintegrated 17 100 SRS then unsuccessfully called a motion of no confidence against SPS in September 1993 though Milosevic ended up dissolving the National Assembly to call a snap parliamentary election for December 1993 17 102 29 In the parliamentary election SPS won 123 seats though still short 3 seats of a majority Milosevic then persuaded the New Democracy ND which as part of the SPO led Democratic Movement of Serbia coalition won 5 seats to enter a coalition government with SPS 29 30 ND accepted this and the new government headed by Mirko Marjanovic was sworn in March 1994 29 30 SPS soon formed the Left Coalition with ND and the Yugoslav Left JUL a far left political party headed by Milosevic s wife Mirjana Markovic 31 to contest the parliamentary elections for the federal parliament in November 1996 17 72 The Left Coalition emerged with 64 out of 108 seats in the election 25 1724 32 Milosevic who was constitutionally limited to two terms as president of Serbia was elected president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in July 1997 shortly before the general elections in Serbia 18 144 33 SPS took part with ND and JUL under the Left Coalition banner and won 110 seats in the National Assembly 17 113 34 ND declined to join the government and the coalition was subsequently disintegrated after SPS and JUL formed a government with SRS 17 124 35 36 In the presidential election SPS nominated Zoran Lilic although the election ended up being annulled as the election s turnout was less than 50 17 118 This led to another presidential election which was held in December 1997 Milan Milutinovic the SPS nominated candidate won in the second round of the election 17 120 18 144 The new SPS led government was faced with the Kosovo War which ended up making a major impact on SPS 17 125 18 144 SPO joined the SPS led federal government in January 1999 37 Vuk Draskovic the leader of SPO supported the proposed Rambouillet Agreement though Milosevic declined to sign it which ultimately led to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 37 38 Additionally SPS and SPO entered into a conflict after the assassination of journalist Slavko Curuvija which led to dismissal of SPO from the federal government 37 In the same year Milosevic proposed constitutional changes to the federal parliament to allow him to run for another term in the 2000 election the amendments were passed by the parliament 18 145 Otpor a student resistance movement formed in October 1998 and the Democratic Opposition of Serbia DOS a wide alliance of opposition parties formed in January 2000 called for early elections though the elections ended up being organised for September 2000 17 234 18 144 37 Milosevic faced Vojislav Kostunica the DOS nominated candidate in the presidential election 17 243 The Federal Election Committee reported that Milosevic placed second although that Kostunica also won less than 50 of the popular vote this resulted into DOS organised mass protests which culminated into the overthrow of Slobodan Milosevic 17 245 37 Milosevic accepted defeat on 5 October 2000 while the Federal Election Committee published actual results on 7 October 37 39 40 Shortly after the elections SPS SPO and DOS agreed to organise a snap parliamentary election in Serbia in December 2000 17 254 37 This parliamentary election and all subsequent ones were conducted in a proportional electoral system with only one electoral unit 37 SPS suffered defeat and only won 37 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly which put the party in opposition for the first time since its formation in 1990 37 41 434 2001 2008 Ivica Dacic has been the leader of SPS since 2006 Milosevic who was still the president of SPS was arrested in March 2001 on suspicion of corruption and abuse of power and was shortly after extradited to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to stand trial for war crimes instead 42 43 At the presidential election in September 2002 SPS nominated actor Bata Zivojinovic he placed sixth 44 45 This election ended up being annulled as the turnout in the second round was less than 50 45 This resulted into another presidential election which was held in December 2002 46 47 7 SPS supported Vojislav Seselj the leader of SRS 47 103 He placed second in the presidential election which ended up being annulled again as the turnout was less than 50 47 203 48 At a party congress in January 2003 Ivica Dacic a reformist within SPS was elected president of the party s main board 49 It was reported that Milosevic subsequently demanded his exclusion of the party although Dacic denied this 50 Another presidential election was held in November 2003 which SPS ended up boycotting 51 52 A month later SPS took part in a snap parliamentary election in which it won 22 seats the drop in popularity occurred due to their voters shifting towards SRS 53 54 SPS ended up serving as confidence and supply to Kostunica s government in the National Assembly 53 In 2004 the 50 turnout rule for presidential elections was abolished after which SPS nominated Dacic as their presidential candidate for the 2004 presidential election he placed fifth 55 56 After the death of Milosevic in March 2006 a conflict between Dacic and Milorad Vucelic emerged regarding who would continue leading the party 57 58 At the party congress in December 2006 Dacic was officially elected president of SPS after previously serving as the party s de facto leader since 2003 59 60 61 In the parliamentary election that was held in January 2007 SPS dropped to 16 seats in the National Assembly after which SPS returned to opposition 61 62 A year later SPS nominated Milutin Mrkonjic the party s deputy president as its candidate in the presidential election 63 16 Mrkonjic campaigned on social issues and issues regarding the economy insisting that SPS is the true party of the left and that Serbia should join the European Union 63 16 He placed fourth winning 6 of the popular vote 63 19 64 SPS shortly after formed a coalition with United Serbia JS and Party of United Pensioners of Serbia PUPS which took part in the snap parliamentary election in May 2008 65 66 7 The coalition won 20 seats 12 of which went to SPS alone 66 24 67 Initially SPS negotiated with SRS Democratic Party of Serbia and New Serbia to form a government however SPS ended up abandoning those negotiations in favour of those with the For a European Serbia coalition which was led by DS 65 66 153 154 The DS SPS coalition government was sworn in July 2008 with Dacic serving as first deputy prime minister while Slavica Đukic Dejanovic became the president of the National Assembly 65 66 155 2009 2014 Official logo of SPS until December 2014 While in government SPS was faced with challenges regarding the Kosovo declaration of independence and the global financial crisis which led to low rates of economic growth 68 11 13 Additionally SPS signed a reconciliation agreement with its government partner DS although clashes between the parties had continued to occur even after the agreement 69 Further protests that were organised in 2011 led Boris Tadic the president of Serbia to call snap elections for 2012 70 71 During the 2012 campaign period SPS campaigned with JS and PUPS with Dacic being their joint presidential candidate 68 18 69 He campaigned on workers rights free education and ending neoliberalism as well as rising wages and pensions while SPS also campaigned on criticising post Milosevic governments 68 18 69 In the parliamentary election the coalition led by SPS won 44 seats in the National Assembly while SPS alone won 25 68 34 72 Dacic placed third in the presidential election winning 15 of the popular vote 68 22 After the announcement that Tomislav Nikolic the leader of the Serbian Progressive Party SNS had won the presidential election Dacic abandoned the coalition with DS and pursued to form a government with SNS instead 73 74 This resulted into Dacic becoming the prime minister of Serbia in July 2012 75 76 As prime minister Dacic worked on normalisation between Serbia and Kosovo which was formalised under the Brussels Agreement in April 2013 77 His government was re shuffled on his order in September 2013 after which SPS and SNS continued to govern alone without the United Regions of Serbia 78 9 However president Nikolic called for snap parliamentary elections to be held in March 2014 78 9 79 SPS took part in the election with JS and PUPS and campaigned on the protection of workers peasants and pensioners 78 15 80 They won 44 seats in the National Assembly while their coalition partner SNS won 158 seats in total 78 19 79 SPS remained in government although Dacic was succeeded by Aleksandar Vucic the leader of SNS as prime minister of Serbia 78 119 120 79 At a party congress in December 2014 SPS adopted its new logo 81 2015 present Throughout of 2015 it was discussed whether a snap parliamentary election would occur 82 This was confirmed in January 2016 when a parliamentary election was announced to be held in April 2016 83 84 7 Following the announcement PUPS left the SPS JS coalition and joined the one that was led by SNS while SPS and JS formalised a coalition with the Greens of Serbia ZS 85 86 The SPS led ballot list also included Joska Broz the leader of the Communist Party and the grandson of Josip Broz Tito 87 88 This coalition won 29 seats in the National Assembly 21 out of which were occupied by SPS 82 89 Following the election SPS agreed to again serve as a junior member in the SNS led coalition government which was inaugurated in August 2016 82 90 SPS did not take part in the 2017 presidential election and instead it supported Vucic who ended up winning 56 of the popular vote in the first round of the election 91 92 His election as president was followed by mass protests 93 94 At the end of 2018 a series of anti government protests began and they lasted until March 2020 95 96 During this period the opposition Alliance for Serbia announced that it would boycott the 2020 parliamentary elections 97 98 This led the SPS led coalition to win 32 seats despite getting less votes than in the 2016 election 99 100 9 SPS offered to continue its cooperation with the SNS led coalition which now had 188 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly 101 SPS remained in government with SNS after the election while Dacic who had been the first deputy prime minister of Serbia since 2014 became the president of the National Assembly in October 2020 102 103 Dacic presided over the dialogues to improve election conditions from May to October 2021 104 105 SPS affirmed its position to continue its support for SNS after these dialogues while in January 2022 SPS announced that it would support Vucic in the 2022 presidential election 106 107 In the parliamentary election SPS took part in a coalition with JS and ZS while it campaigned on greater cooperation with China and Russia 108 109 It won 31 seats in total 22 out of which went to SPS while Vucic won 60 of the popular vote in the presidential election 110 111 SPS agreed to continue governing with SNS after the election which led to Dacic being re appointed as first deputy prime minister in October 2022 112 113 Ideology and platformMilosevic era SPS adopted its first political programme in October 1990 which had the intention to develop Serbia as a socialist republic founded on law and social justice 11 64 16 206 The party made economic reforms outside of Marxist ideology such as recognising all forms of property and intended a progression to a market economy while at the same time advocating some regulation for the purposes of solidarity equality and social security 16 206 While in power SPS enacted policies that were negative towards workers rights while beginning in 1992 SPS moved its support towards a mixed economy with both public and private sectors 114 184 185 SPS maintained connections with trade unions although independent trade unions faced hostility and their activities were brutalised by the police 16 216 During Milosevic s era SPS was positioned on the left wing on the political spectrum 11 254 115 and was associated with anti liberalism 116 SPS declared itself to be a democratic socialist party and the follower of the ideas of Svetozar Markovic Dimitrije Tucovic and the Serbian Social Democratic Party 117 Heinz Timmermann a political scientist and Marko Stojic a Metropolitan University Prague lecturer associated SPS during Milosevic s era with nationalist form of populism 118 119 Political scientist Jean Pierre Cabestan noted that SPS thrived on the growth of nationalism but was not nationalist itself and instead associated SPS with communism 120 Mirjana Prosic Dvornic an ethnologist noted that SPS usurped the nationalist rhetoric of opposition parties 121 Janusz Bugajski a political scientist described SPS as nationalist but also noted that it never identified as such 41 399 122 Warren Zimmermann the last United States ambassador to Yugoslavia argued that Milosevic was not a genuine nationalist but an opportunist 123 SPS nominally endorsed the principle of full equality of all the Yugoslav peoples and ethnic minorities while it was also supportive of Yugoslavism 16 206 Up until 1993 it supported Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia who wished to remain in Yugoslavia 16 213 As Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence the involvement by SPS as a ruling party had become more devoted to helping external Serbs run their own independent entities 16 213 Milosevic denied that the government of Serbia helped Serb military forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina instead stating that they had the right to self determination Jovic stated in a 1995 BBC documentary that Milosevic endorsed the transfer of Bosnian Serb federal army forces to the Bosnian Serb Army in 1992 to help achieve Serb independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina 124 Though shortly before the Dayton Agreement in 1995 SPS began to oppose the government of Republika Srpska which was headed by Radovan Karadzic 16 213 The opposition accused SPS of authoritarianism as well as personal profiteering from illegal business transactions in the arms trade cigarettes and oil this illegal business was caused by the UN sanctions and none of accusations for personal profiteering were ever proven at the court 16 217 Political scientists Nebojsa Vladisavljevic Karmen Erjavec and Florian Bieber also described Milosevic s rule as authoritarian 125 126 127 Independent media during the SPS administration received threats and high fines 16 216 Dacic era After Dacic came to power SPS shifted towards democratic socialism 128 537 and then to social democracy in the 2010s 129 130 62 131 38 Although SPS is still affiliated and has promoted populist rhetoric 22 102 131 47 its nationalist image has been softened 132 It is now positioned on the centre left on the political spectrum 130 65 133 134 Prior to mid 2000s SPS was Eurosceptic while it also promoted anti globalist and anti Western sentiment 130 67 It also promoted anti imperialist criticism towards the European Union and NATO 135 Since then SPS had adopted its support for the accession of Serbia to the European Union 130 67 and a more pro European image after it came back to government in 2008 18 151 which scholars Natasa Jovanovic Ajzenhamer and Haris Dajc rather described as pragmatic 136 Although SPS has also been also described as pro Russian 137 OrganisationThe current president of SPS is Dacic who was most recently re elected in December 2022 while the current vice presidents are Aleksandar Antic Branko Ruzic Dusan Bajatovic Novica Toncev Predrag J Markovic Slavica Đukic Dejanovic Đorđe Milicevic and Zarko Obradovic 138 139 The president of its parliamentary group is Snezana Paunovic 140 The headquarters of SPS are located at Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 6 in Belgrade 141 It has a youth wing named Socialist Youth and a women s wing named Women s Forum 142 143 Its membership from its foundation in 1990 to 1997 involved many elements of the social strata of Serbia including state administrators and business management elites of state owned enterprises employees in the state owned sector less privileged groups of farmers and the unemployed and pensioners 16 208 From 1998 to 2000 its membership included apparatchiks at administrative and judicial levels the nouveau riche whose business success was founded solely from their affiliation with the government and top army and police officials and a large majority of the police force 16 209 In 2011 SPS reported to have had 120 000 members while in 2014 SPS stated that they had around 200 000 members 144 145 SPS reported to have 65 000 members in 2015 146 International cooperation SPS cooperated with Momir Bulatovic in Montenegro and the parties he led while in Bosnia and Herzegovina SPS used to cooperate with Karadzic s Serb Democratic Party and with the Socialist Party 128 544 545 147 SPS cooperates with Syriza a political party in Greece 148 Following the 2008 elections SPS sent an application to join the Socialist International while Dacic also met with its then president George Papandreou 149 150 However the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina opposed this move and called for its application to be declined while Jelko Kacin a Liberal Democracy of Slovenia politician claimed that Tadic blocked SPS from joining the Socialist International 151 152 Its candidature has not yet been accepted although SPS also seeks associate member status in the Party of European Socialists 153 In the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe SPS is represented by Dunja Simonovic Bratic who sits in the Socialists Democrats and Greens Group 154 List of presidents President Birth Death Term start Term end1 Slobodan Milosevic 1941 2006 17 July 1990 24 May 19912 Borisav Jovic 1928 2021 24 May 1991 24 October 19923 Slobodan Milosevic 1941 2006 24 October 1992 11 March 20064 Ivica Dacic 1966 11 March 2006 IncumbentElectoral performanceParliamentary elections National Assembly of Serbia Year Leader Popular vote of popular vote of seats Seat change Coalition Status Ref 1990 Slobodan Milosevic 2 320 587 48 15 1st 194 250 194 Government 155 1992 1 359 086 30 62 1st 101 250 93 Government 156 1993 1 576 287 38 21 1st 123 250 22 Government 157 1997 1 418 036 35 70 1st 85 250 38 Left Coalition Government 158 2000 516 326 14 10 2nd 37 250 48 Opposition 159 2003 Ivica Dacic 291 341 7 72 6th 22 250 15 Support 160 2007 227 580 5 74 5th 16 250 6 Opposition 161 2008 313 896 7 75 4th 12 250 4 SPS PUPS JS Government 162 2012 567 689 15 18 3rd 25 250 13 SPS PUPS JS Government 163 2014 484 607 13 94 2nd 25 250 0 SPS PUPS JS Government 164 2016 413 770 11 28 2nd 21 250 4 SPS JS KP ZS Government 165 2020 334 333 10 78 2nd 22 250 1 SPS JS KP ZS Government 166 2022 435 274 11 79 3rd 22 250 0 SPS JS ZS Government 167 Presidential elections President of Serbia Year Candidate 1st round popular vote of popular vote 2nd round popular vote of popular vote Notes Ref 1990 Slobodan Milosevic 1st 3 285 799 67 71 155 1992 1st 2 515 047 57 46 168 Sep 1997 Zoran Lilic 1st 1 474 924 37 12 2nd 1 691 354 49 38 Election annulled due to low turnout 169 Dec 1997 Milan Milutinovic 1st 1 665 822 44 62 1st 2 181 808 61 19 170 Sep Oct 2002 Bata Zivojinovic 6th 119 052 3 34 Election annulled due to low turnout 171 Dec 2002 Vojislav Seselj 2nd 1 063 296 37 10 Supported Seselj election annulled due to low turnout2003 Election boycott Election annulled due to low turnout2004 Ivica Dacic 5th 125 952 4 09 172 2008 Milutin Mrkonjic 4th 245 889 6 09 173 2012 Ivica Dacic 3rd 556 013 14 89 163 2017 Aleksandar Vucic 1st 2 012 788 56 01 Supported Vucic 174 2022 1st 2 224 914 60 01 175 Federal parliamentary elections Year Leader Popular vote of popular vote of seats Seat change Coalition Status Notes Ref May 1992 Slobodan Milosevic 1 655 485 49 05 1st 73 136 73 Government 17 212 1992 1993 1 478 918 33 34 1st 47 138 26 Government 17 213 1996 1 848 669 45 34 1st 52 138 5 Left Coalition Government 17 214 2000 1 532 841 33 95 2nd 44 138 8 Opposition Chamber of Citizens election 17 269 1 479 583 32 68 2nd 7 40 7 Opposition Chamber of Republics election 17 270 Federal presidential 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