Shot put
The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" (throwing) a heavy spherical ball—the shot—as far as possible. For men, the sport has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival (1896), and women's competition began in 1948.
Athletics Shot put | |
---|---|
Polish double Olympic champion Tomasz Majewski | |
World records | |
Men | Ryan Crouser 23.56 m (77 ft 3+1⁄2 in) (2023) |
Women | Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m (74 ft 2+3⁄4 in) (1987) |
Olympic records | |
Men | Ryan Crouser 23.30 m (76 ft 5+1⁄4 in) (2021) |
Women | Ilona Slupianek 22.41 m (73 ft 6+1⁄4 in) (1980) |
World Championship records | |
Men | Ryan Crouser 23.51 m (77 ft 1+1⁄2 in) (2023) |
Women | Natalya Lisovskaya 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) (1987) Valerie Adams 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) (2011) |
World Indoor Championship records | |
Men | Ryan Crouser 22.77 m (74 ft 8+1⁄4 in) (2024) |
Women | Valerie Adams 20.67 m (67 ft 9+3⁄4 in) (2014) |
History edit
Homer mentions competitions of rock throwing by soldiers during the siege of Troy but there is no record of any dead weights being thrown in Greek competitions. The first evidence for stone- or weight-throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands, and date back to approximately the first century.[1] In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing.[2]
The first events resembling the modern shot put likely occurred in the Middle Ages when soldiers held competitions in which they hurled cannonballs. Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland, and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866.[3]
Competitors take their throw from inside a marked circle 2.135 metres (7 ft 0 in) in diameter, with a "toe board" or "stop board" 10 centimetres (4 in) high at the front of the circle. The distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to the nearest mark made on the ground by the falling shot, with distances rounded down to the nearest centimetre under IAAF and WMA rules.
Legal throws edit
The following rules (indoor and outdoor) must be adhered to for a legal throw:
- Upon calling the athlete's name, the athlete may choose any part of the throwing circle to enter inside. They have thirty seconds to commence the throwing motion; otherwise it counts as a forfeit for the current round.
- The athlete may not wear gloves; IAAF rules permit the taping of individual fingers.
- The athlete must rest the shot close to the neck, and keep it tight to the neck throughout the motion.
- The shot must be released above the height of the shoulder, using only one hand.
- The athlete may touch the inside surface of the circle or toe board, but must not touch the top or outside of the circle or toe board, or the ground beyond the circle. Limbs may, however, extend over the lines of the circle in the air.
- The shot must land in the throwing sector, which is a circular sector of 34.92° centered on the throwing circle. The throwing sector has been narrowed multiple times over the years to improve safety, most recently in 2004 from 40°. The current throwing sector angle (34.92°) was chosen because it provides a sector whose bounds are easy to measure and lay out on a field (10 metres out from the center of the ring, 6 metres across).[4]
- The athlete must leave the throwing circle from the back half.
Foul throws occur when an athlete:
- Does not pause within the circle before beginning the putting motion.
- Does not complete the putting movement initiated within thirty seconds of having their name called.
- Allows the shot to drop below their shoulder or outside the vertical plane of their shoulder during the put.
At any time if the shot loses contact with the neck then it is technically an illegal put.
- During the putting motion, touches with any part of the body (including shoes):
- the top or ends of the toe board
- the top of the iron ring
- anywhere outside the circle.
- Puts a shot which either falls outside the throwing sector or touches a sector line on the initial impact.
- Leaves the circle before the shot has landed.
- Does not leave from the rear half of the circle.
Regulation misconceptions edit
The following are either obsolete or non-existent, but commonly believed rules within professional competition:[citation needed]
- The athlete must enter the circle from the back (none of the rule books contain such a clause).
- The athlete entering the circle, then exiting and re-entering it prior to starting the throw results in a foul (all the rule books allow an athlete to leave a circle prior to starting a throw, but this still counts within the 30 second time limit; the allowable method of exiting the circle varies by rule book).
- Loose clothing, shoelaces, or long hair touching outside the circle during a throw, or an athlete bringing a towel into the circle and then throwing it out prior to the put, results in a foul.
Competition edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2022) |
Shot put competitions have been held at the modern Summer Olympic Games since their inception in 1896, and it is also included as an event in the World Athletics Championships.
Each of these competitions in the modern era have a set number of rounds of throws. Typically there are three qualification rounds to determine qualification for the final. There are then three preliminary rounds in the final with the top eight competitors receiving a further three throws. Each competitor in the final is credited with their longest throw, regardless of whether it was achieved in the preliminary or final three rounds. The competitor with the longest legal put is declared the winner.
Weight edit
In open competitions the men's shot weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb), and the women's shot weighs 4 kilograms (8.82 lb). Junior, school, and masters competitions often use different weights of shots, typically below the weights of those used in open competitions; the individual rules for each competition should be consulted in order to determine the correct weights to be used.
Putting styles edit
Two putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors: the glide and the spin. With all putting styles, the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of slightly less than forty-five degrees.[5]
Glide edit
The origin of this technique dates to 1951, when Parry O'Brien from the United States invented a technique that involved the putter facing backwards, rotating 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot. Unlike spin, this technique is a linear movement.[6]
With this technique, a right-hand thrower would begin facing the rear of the circle. They would typically adopt a specific type of crouch, involving their bent right leg, in order to begin the throw from a more beneficial posture whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles. The positioning of their bodyweight over their bent leg, which pushes upwards with equal force, generates a preparatory isometric press. The force generated by this press will be channelled into the subsequent throw making it more powerful. To initiate the throw they kick to the front with the left leg, while pushing off forcefully with the right. As the thrower crosses the circle, the hips twist toward the front, the left arm is swung out then pulled back tight, followed by the shoulders, and they then strike in a putting motion with their right arm. The key is to move quickly across the circle with as little air under the feet as possible, hence the name 'glide'.
Spin edit
This is also known as the rotational technique.[7] It was first practiced in Europe in the 1950s but did not receive much attention until the 1970s.[8] In 1972 Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style, the spin ("круговой мах" in Russian), invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev.[9][10] The spin involves rotating like a discus thrower and using rotational momentum for power. In 1976 Baryshnikov went on to set a world record of 22.00 m (72.18 ft) with his spin style, and was the first shot putter to cross the 22-meter mark.[11]
With this technique, a right-hand thrower faces the rear, and begins to spin on the ball of the left foot. The thrower comes around and faces the front of the circle and drives the right foot into the center of the circle. Finally, the thrower reaches for the front of the circle with the left foot, twisting the hips and shoulders like in the glide, and puts the shot.
When the athlete executes the spin, the upper body is twisted hard to the right, so the imaginary lines created by the shoulders and hips are no longer parallel. This action builds up torque, and stretches the muscles, creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles, providing extra power and momentum. When the athlete prepares to release, the left foot is firmly planted, causing the momentum and energy generated to be conserved, pushing the shot in an upward and outward direction.
Another purpose of the spin is to build up a high rotational speed, by swinging the right leg initially, then to bring all the limbs in tightly, similar to a figure skater bringing in their arms while spinning to increase their speed. Once this fast speed is achieved the shot is released, transferring the energy into the shot put.
Until 2016, a woman had never made an Olympic final (top 8) using the spin technique. The first woman to enter a final and win a medal at the Olympics was Anita Márton.[12][8]
Ryan Crouser, the current men's world record holder, added an additional move, the "Crouser Slide", to his spin technique. He used this technique to set the world record at the Los Angeles Grand Prix in 2023.[13]
Usage edit
Currently, most top male shot putters use the spin. However the glide remains popular since the technique leads to greater consistency compared to the rotational technique. Almost all throwers start by using the glide. Tomasz Majewski notes that although most athletes use the spin,[14] he and some other top shot putters achieved success using this classic method (for example he became first to defend the Olympic title in 56 years).
The world record and the next six best male results (23.37, 23.30, 23.15, and 23.12 by Ryan Crouser, 23.23 by Joe Kovacs, and 23.12 and 23.10 by Randy Barnes) were completed with the spin technique, while the eighth-best all-time put of 23.06 m (75 ft 7+3⁄4 in) by Ulf Timmermann was completed with the glide technique.
The decision to glide or spin may need to be decided on an individual basis, determined by the thrower's size and power. Short throwers may benefit from the spin and taller throwers may benefit from the glide, but many throwers do not follow this guideline.
Types of shot edit
The shot is made of different kinds of materials depending on its intended use. Materials used include sand, iron, cast iron, solid steel, stainless steel, brass, and synthetic materials like polyvinyl. Some metals are more dense than others, making the size of the shot vary. For example, different materials are used to make indoor and outdoor shot – because damage to surroundings must be taken into account – so the latter are smaller. There are various size and weight standards for the implement that depend on the age and gender of the competitors as well as the national customs of the governing body.
World records edit
The current world record holders are:[15]
Type | Athlete | Mark | Date | Place |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||
Outdoor | Ryan Crouser | 23.56 m (77 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 27 May 2023 | Los Angeles, USA |
Indoor | Ryan Crouser | 22.82 m (74 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | 24 January 2021 | Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA |
Women | ||||
Outdoor | Natalya Lisovskaya | 22.63 m (74 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | 7 June 1987 | Moscow, USSR |
Indoor | Helena Fibingerová | 22.50 m (73 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | 19 February 1977 | Jablonec, CZE |
Continental records edit
The current records held on each continent are:[16][17]
Area | Men's | Women's | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mark | Athlete | Nation | Mark | Athlete | Nation | |
Africa | 21.97 m (72 ft 3⁄4 in) | Janus Robberts | South Africa | 18.43 m (60 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | Vivian Chukwuemeka | Nigeria |
Asia | 21.77 m (71 ft 5 in) | Tajinderpal Singh Toor | India | 21.76 m (71 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Meisu Li | China |
Europe | 23.06 m (75 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Ulf Timmermann | East Germany | 22.63 m (74 ft 2+3⁄4 in) WR | Natalya Lisovskaya | Soviet Union |
North and Central America, and Caribbean | 23.56 m (77 ft 3+1⁄2 in) WR | Ryan Crouser | United States | 20.96 m (68 ft 9 in) A | Belsy Laza | Cuba |
Oceania | 22.90 m (75 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Tomas Walsh | New Zealand | 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) | Valerie Adams | New Zealand |
South America | 22.61 m (74 ft 2 in) | Darlan Romani | Brazil | 19.30 m (63 ft 3+3⁄4 in) A | Elisângela Adriano | Brazil |
All-time top 25 edit
Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 distances and the top 25 athletes: |
- denotes top performance for an athlete in the top 25 distances |
- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 distances, by a repeat athlete |
- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 distances |
Men (outdoor) edit
Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Technique | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 23.56 m (77 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | spin | Ryan Crouser | United States | 27 May 2023 | Los Angeles | [20] |
2 | 23.51 m (77 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Crouser #2 | 19 August 2023 | Budapest | [21] | |||
3 | 23.37 m (76 ft 8 in) | Crouser #3 | 18 June 2021 | Eugene | [22] | |||
4 | 23.30 m (76 ft 5+1⁄4 in) | Crouser #4 | 5 August 2021 | Tokyo | ||||
2 | 5 | 23.23 m (76 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | spin | Joe Kovacs | United States | 7 September 2022 | Zürich | [23] |
6 | 23.15 m (75 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Crouser #5 | 21 August 2021 | Eugene | ||||
3 | 7 | 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) | spin | Randy Barnes | United States | 20 May 1990 | Westwood | |
8 | 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) | Crouser #6 | 24 June 2022 | Eugene | [24] | |||
9 | 23.10 m (75 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Barnes #2 | 26 May 1990 | San Jose | ||||
10 | 23.07 m (75 ft 8+1⁄4 in) | Crouser #7 | 23 July 2023 | London | [25] | |||
4 | 11 | 23.06 m (75 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | glide | Ulf Timmermann | East Germany | 22 May 1988 | Chania | |
12 | 23.02 m (75 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Crouser #8 | 28 May 2022 | Eugene | [26] | |||
13 | 23.01 m (75 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | Crouser #9 | 22 May 2021 | Tucson | ||||
14 | 22.94 m (75 ft 3 in) | Crouser #10 | 17 July 2022 | Eugene | [27] | |||
15 | 22.93 m (75 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Kovacs #2 | 17 September 2023 | Eugene | [28] | |||
16 | 22.92 m (75 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Crouser #11 | 18 June 2021 | Eugene | ||||
5 | 17 | 22.91 m (75 ft 1+3⁄4 in) | glide | Alessandro Andrei | Italy | 12 August 1987 | Viareggio | |
17 | 22.91 m (75 ft 1+3⁄4 in) | Kovacs #2 | 5 October 2019 | Doha | [29] | |||
Crouser #12 | 18 July 2020 | Marietta | ||||||
Crouser #13 | 17 September 2023 | Eugene | [28] | |||||
21 | 22.90 m (75 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Crouser #14 | 5 October 2019 | Doha | ||||
6 | 21 | 22.90 m (75 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | spin | Tom Walsh | New Zealand | 5 October 2019 | Doha | [29] |
23 | 22.89 m (75 ft 1 in) | Kovacs #3 | 17 July 2022 | Eugene | [27] | |||
Kovacs #4 | 8 August 2022 | Székesfehérvár | [30] | |||||
7 | 25 | 22.88 m (75 ft 3⁄4 in) | spin | Leonardo Fabbri | Italy | 1 May 2024 | Modena | [31] |
8 | 22.86 m (75 ft 0 in) A | spin | Brian Oldfield | United States | 10 May 1975 | El Paso | ||
9 | 22.75 m (74 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | glide | Werner Günthör | Switzerland | 23 August 1988 | Bern | ||
10 | 22.67 m (74 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | spin | Kevin Toth | United States | 19 April 2003 | Lawrence | ||
11 | 22.64 m (74 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | glide | Udo Beyer | East Germany | 20 August 1986 | Berlin | ||
12 | 22.61 m (74 ft 2 in) | spin | Darlan Romani | Brazil | 30 June 2019 | Stanford | [32] | |
13 | 22.59 m (74 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | spin | Payton Otterdahl | United States | 24 April 2024 | Des Moines | [33] | |
14 | 22.54 m (73 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | spin | Christian Cantwell | United States | 5 June 2004 | Gresham | ||
15 | 22.52 m (73 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | glide | John Brenner | United States | 26 April 1987 | Walnut | ||
16 | 22.51 m (73 ft 10 in) | spin | Adam Nelson | United States | 18 May 2002 | Portland | ||
17 | 22.44 m (73 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | spin | Darrell Hill | United States | 31 August 2017 | Brussels | [34] | |
spin | Zane Weir | Italy | 3 September 2023 | Padua | [35] | |||
19 | 22.43 m (73 ft 7 in) | spin | Reese Hoffa | United States | 3 August 2007 | London | ||
20 | 22.32 m (73 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | spin | Michał Haratyk | Poland | 28 July 2019 | Warsaw | [36] | |
21 | 22.29 m (73 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | spin | Josh Awotunde | United States | 17 July 2022 | Eugene | [27] | |
22 | 22.28 m (73 ft 1 in) | spin | Ryan Whiting | United States | 10 May 2013 | Doha | ||
23 | 22.25 m (72 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | spin | Konrad Bukowiecki | Poland | 14 September 2019 | Chorzów | [37] | |
24 | 22.24 m (72 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | glide | Sergey Smirnov | Soviet Union | 21 June 1986 | Tallinn | ||
25 | 22.22 m (72 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | spin | Bob Bertemes | Luxembourg | 4 August 2019 | Luxembourg City | [38] | |
spin | Rajindra Campbell | Jamaica | 22 July 2023 | Madrid | [39] |
Notable throws and series edit
- Ryan Crouser threw 23.12 in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. 23.01, 23.11 and 22.98 (ancillary throws) were recorded for his remaining attempts. This was the first time the 23-metre barrier has been broken more than once in a series.[24]
- Crouser also threw a series of 23.23, 23.31, 22.94, 23.56, 22.80 and 22.86 in Los Angeles, California on 27 May 2023 to break again the 23-metre mark three times in a series.[20]
Women (outdoor) edit
Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Technique | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 22.63 m (74 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | glide | Natalya Lisovskaya | Soviet Union | 7 June 1987 | Moscow | |
2 | 22.60 m (74 ft 1+3⁄4 in) | Lisovskaya #2 | 7 June 1987 | Moscow | ||||
3 | 22.55 m (73 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | Lisovskaya #3 | 5 July 1988 | Tallinn | ||||
4 | 22.53 m (73 ft 11 in) | Lisovskaya #4 | 27 May 1984 | Sochi | ||||
Lisovskaya #5 | 14 August 1988 | Kyiv | ||||||
2 | 6 | 22.45 m (73 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | glide | Ilona Slupianek | East Germany | 11 May 1980 | Potsdam | |
7 | 22.41 m (73 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Slupianek #2 | 24 July 1980 | Moscow | ||||
8 | 22.40 m (73 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | Slupianek #3 | 3 June 1983 | Berlin | ||||
9 | 22.38 m (73 ft 5 in) | Slupianek #4 | 25 May 1980 | Karl-Marx-Stadt | ||||
10 | 22.36 m (73 ft 4+1⁄4 in) | Slupianek #5 | 2 May 1980 | Celje | ||||
11 | 22.34 m (73 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Slupianek #6 | 7 May 1980 | Berlin | ||||
Slupianek #7 | 18 July 1980 | Cottbus | ||||||
3 | 13 | 22.32 m (73 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | glide | Helena Fibingerová | Czechoslovakia | 20 August 1977 | Nitra | |
14 | 22.24 m (72 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Lisovskaya #6 | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | ||||
15 | 22.22 m (72 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Slupianek #8 | 13 July 1980 | Potsdam | ||||
4 | 16 | 22.19 m (72 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | glide | Claudia Losch | West Germany | 23 August 1987 | Hainfeld | |
17 | 22.13 m (72 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | Slupianek #9 | 29 April 1980 | Split | ||||
18 | 22.06 m (72 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Lisovskaya #7 | 6 August 1988 | Moscow | ||||
19 | 22.05 m (72 ft 4 in) | Slupianek #10 | 28 May 1980 | Berlin | ||||
Slupianek #11 | 31 May 1980 | Potsdam | ||||||
21 | 22.04 m (72 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Slupianek #12 | 4 July 1979 | Potsdam | ||||
Slupianek #13 | 29 July 1979 | Potsdam | ||||||
23 | 21.99 m (72 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Fibingerová #2 | 26 September 1976 | Opava | ||||
24 | 21.98 m (72 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Slupianek #14 | 17 July 1979 | Berlin | ||||
25 | 21.96 m (72 ft 1⁄2 in) | Fibingerová #3 | 8 June 1977 | Ostrava | ||||
Lisovskaya #8 | 16 August 1984 | Prague | ||||||
Lisovskaya #9 | 28 August 1988 | Vilnius | ||||||
5 | 21.89 m (71 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | glide | Ivanka Khristova | Bulgaria | 4 July 1976 | Belmeken | ||
6 | 21.86 m (71 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | glide | Marianne Adam | East Germany | 23 June 1979 | Leipzig | ||
7 | 21.76 m (71 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | glide | Li Meisu | China | 23 April 1988 | Shijiazhuang | ||
8 | 21.73 m (71 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | glide | Natalya Akhrimenko | Soviet Union | 21 May 1988 | Leselidze | ||
9 | 21.69 m (71 ft 1+3⁄4 in) | glide | Vita Pavlysh | Ukraine | 20 August 1998 | Budapest | ||
10 | 21.66 m (71 ft 3⁄4 in) | glide | Sui Xinmei | China | 9 June 1990 | Beijing | ||
11 | 21.61 m (70 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | glide | Verzhinia Veselinova | Bulgaria | 21 August 1982 | Sofia | ||
12 | 21.58 m (70 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | glide | Margitta Droese-Pufe | East Germany | 28 May 1978 | Erfurt | ||
13 | 21.57 m (70 ft 9 in) | glide | Ines Müller | East Germany | 16 May 1988 | Athens | ||
14 | 21.53 m (70 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | glide | Nunu Abashidze | Soviet Union | 20 June 1984 | Kyiv | ||
15 | 21.52 m (70 ft 7 in) | glide | Huang Zhihong | China | 27 June 1990 | Beijing | ||
16 | 21.46 m (70 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | glide | Larisa Peleshenko | Russia | 26 August 2000 | Budapest | ||
17 | 21.45 m (70 ft 4+1⁄4 in) | glide | Nadezhda Chizhova | Soviet Union | 29 September 1973 | Varna | ||
18 | 21.43 m (70 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | glide | Eva Wilms | West Germany | 17 June 1977 | Munich | ||
19 | 21.42 m (70 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | glide | Svetlana Krachevskaya | Soviet Union | 24 July 1980 | Moscow | ||
20 | 21.31 m (69 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | glide | Heike Hartwig | East Germany | 16 May 1988 | Athens | ||
21 | 21.27 m (69 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | glide | Liane Schmuhl | East Germany | 26 June 1982 | Cottbus | ||
22 | 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) | glide | Valerie Adams | New Zealand | 29 August 2011 | Daegu | ||
23 | 21.22 m (69 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | glide | Astrid Kumbernuss | Germany | 5 August 1995 | Gothenburg | ||
24 | 21.21 m (69 ft 7 in) | glide | Kathrin Neimke | East Germany | 5 September 1987 | Rome | ||
25 | 21.19 m (69 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | glide | Helma Knorscheidt | East Germany | 24 May 1984 | Berlin |
Men (indoor) edit
- Correct as of February 2024.[42]
Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 22.82 m (74 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Ryan Crouser (USA) | 24 January 2021 | Fayetteville | |
2 | 22.66 m (74 ft 4 in) | Randy Barnes (USA) | 20 January 1989 | Los Angeles | |
3 | 22.55 m (73 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | Ulf Timmermann (GDR) | 11 February 1989 | Senftenberg | |
4 | 22.53 m (73 ft 11 in) | Darlan Romani (BRA) | 19 March 2022 | Belgrade | |
5 | 22.40 m (73 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | Adam Nelson (USA) | 15 February 2008 | Fayetteville | |
6 | 22.37 m (73 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Leonardo Fabbri (ITA) | 11 February 2024 | Liévin | [43] |
7 | 22.31 m (73 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Tom Walsh (NZL) | 3 March 2018 | Birmingham | |
8 | 22.26 m (73 ft 1⁄4 in) | Werner Günthör (SUI) | 8 February 1987 | Magglingen | |
9 | 22.23 m (72 ft 11 in) A | Ryan Whiting (USA) | 23 February 2014 | Albuquerque | |
10 | 22.18 m (72 ft 9 in) | Christian Cantwell (USA) | 22 February 2008 | Warrensburg | |
11 | 22.17 m (72 ft 8+3⁄4 in) | Tomáš Staněk (CZE) | 6 February 2018 | Düsseldorf | [44] |
12 | 22.16 m (72 ft 8+1⁄4 in) | Rajindra Campbell (JAM) | 23 February 2024 | Madrid | [45] |
13 | 22.11 m (72 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Reese Hoffa (USA) | 10 March 2006 | Moscow | |
14 | 22.09 m (72 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | Mika Halvari (FIN) | 7 February 2000 | Tampere | |
15 | 22.06 m (72 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Zane Weir (ITA) | 3 March 2023 | Istanbul | [46] |
16 | 22.05 m (72 ft 4 in) | Joe Kovacs (USA) | 13 February 2021 | Geneva | |
17 | 22.02 m (72 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | George Woods (USA) | 8 February 1974 | Inglewood | |
18 | 22.00 m (72 ft 2 in) | Konrad Bukowiecki (POL) | 15 February 2018 | Toruń | |
19 | 21.93 m (71 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bob Bertemes (LUX) | 19 February 2023 | Kirchberg | |
20 | 21.88 m (71 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | David Storl (GER) | 9 March 2012 | Istanbul | |
21 | 21.85 m (71 ft 8 in) | Turner Washington (USA) | 13 February 2021 | Lubbock | |
22 | 21.84 m (71 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Filip Mihaljević (CRO) | 27 February 2020 | Belgrade | |
Roman Kokoshko (UKR) | 3 March 2023 | Istanbul | [46] | ||
24 | 21.83 m (71 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | Oleksandr Bahach (UKR) | 21 February 1991 | Brovary | |
John Godina (USA) | 26 February 2005 | Boston | |||
Michał Haratyk (POL) | 12 February 2021 | Łódź |
Notes edit
Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 22.42 m:
- Ryan Crouser also threw 22.80 (2024), 22.77 (2024), 22.70 (2021), 22.66 (2021), 22.65 (2021), 22.60 (2020), 22.58 (2020, 2023), 22.48 (2021), 22.43 (2021) and 22.42 (2023).
- Randy Barnes also threw 22.66 (1989).
- Ulf Timmermann also threw 22.55 (1989).
Ryan Crouser threw 23.38 i, a possible world record, in Pocatello, Idaho on 18 February 2023. But this result was unratifiable because the throwing circle was too wide and raised above ground level.[47]
Women (indoor) edit
- Correct as of May 2022.[48]
Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 22.50 m (73 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Helena Fibingerová (TCH) | 19 February 1977 | Jablonec | |
2 | 22.14 m (72 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) | 7 February 1987 | Penza | |
3 | 21.60 m (70 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Valentina Fedyushina (UKR) | 28 December 1991 | Simferopol | |
4 | 21.59 m (70 ft 10 in) | Ilona Slupianek (GDR) | 24 January 1979 | Berlin | |
5 | 21.46 m (70 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Claudia Losch (FRG) | 4 February 1986 | Zweibrücken | |
6 | 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in) | Ines Müller (GDR) | 24 February 1985 | Berlin | |
Natalya Akhrimenko (URS) | 24 January 1987 | Leningrad | |||
8 | 21.23 m (69 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Margitta Droese-Pufe (GDR) | 26 February 1978 | Senftenberg | |
9 | 21.15 m (69 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Irina Korzhanenko (RUS) | 18 February 1999 | Moscow | |
10 | 21.10 m (69 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | Sui Xinmei (CHN) | 3 March 1990 | Beijing | |
11 | 21.08 m (69 ft 1+3⁄4 in) | Li Meisu (CHN) | 25 March 1988 | Beijing | |
12 | 21.06 m (69 ft 1 in) | Eva Wilms (FRG) | 19 February 1977 | Dortmund | |
Nunu Abashidze (URS) | 8 February 1984 | Budapest | |||
14 | 21.03 m (68 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | Helma Knorscheidt (GDR) | 4 August 1983 | Berlin | |
15 | 20.98 m (68 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Valerie Adams (NZL) | 28 August 2013 | Zürich | |
16 | 20.94 m (68 ft 8+1⁄4 in) | Kathrin Neimke (GDR) | 3 February 1988 | Senftenberg | |
17 | 20.85 m (68 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Heidi Krieger (GDR) | 25 January 1987 | Berlin | |
18 | 20.78 m (68 ft 2 in) | Ivanka Khristova (BUL) | 14 February 1976 | Sofia | |
19 | 20.75 m (68 ft 3⁄4 in) | Heike Hartwig (GDR) | 7 February 1987 | Senftenberg | |
20 | 20.74 m (68 ft 1⁄2 in) | Verzhiniya Veselinova (BUL) | 21 February 1982 | Sofia | |
21 | 20.73 m (68 ft 0 in) | Vita Pavlysh (UKR) | 22 February 2004 | Sumy | |
22 | 20.71 m (67 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Larisa Peleshenko (URS) | 11 February 1988 | Volgograd | |
23 | 20.70 m (67 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Liane Schmuhl (GDR) | 27 February 1982 | Senftenberg | |
24 | 20.69 m (67 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS) | 22 January 1999 | Moscow | |
25 | 20.62 m (67 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) | 9 March 1974 | Gothenburg |
Annulled edit
The following athletes had their performance (inside 21.50 m) annulled due to doping offences:
- Nadzeya Ostapchuk 21.70 (2010)
Olympic medalists edit
Men edit
Women edit
World Championship medalists edit
Men edit
Women edit
World Indoor Championships medalists edit
Men edit
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1985 Paris[A] | Remigius Machura (TCH) | Udo Beyer (GDR) | Jānis Bojārs (URS) |
1987 Indianapolis | Ulf Timmermann (GDR) | Werner Günthör (SUI) | Sergey Smirnov (URS) |
1989 Budapest | Ulf Timmermann (GDR) | Randy Barnes (USA) | Georg Andersen (NOR) |
1991 Seville | Werner Günthör (SUI) | Klaus Bodenmüller (AUT) | Ron Backes (USA) |
1993 Toronto | Mike Stulce (USA) | shot, shot, track, field, event, involving, putting, throwing, heavy, spherical, ball, shot, possible, sport, been, part, modern, olympics, since, their, revival, 1896, women, competition, began, 1948, athleticspolish, double, olympic, champion, tomasz, majews. The shot put is a track and field event involving putting throwing a heavy spherical ball the shot as far as possible For men the sport has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival 1896 and women s competition began in 1948 AthleticsShot putPolish double Olympic champion Tomasz MajewskiWorld recordsMenRyan Crouser 23 56 m 77 ft 3 1 2 in 2023 WomenNatalya Lisovskaya 22 63 m 74 ft 2 3 4 in 1987 Olympic recordsMenRyan Crouser 23 30 m 76 ft 5 1 4 in 2021 WomenIlona Slupianek 22 41 m 73 ft 6 1 4 in 1980 World Championship recordsMenRyan Crouser 23 51 m 77 ft 1 1 2 in 2023 WomenNatalya Lisovskaya 21 24 m 69 ft 8 in 1987 Valerie Adams 21 24 m 69 ft 8 in 2011 World Indoor Championship recordsMenRyan Crouser 22 77 m 74 ft 8 1 4 in 2024 WomenValerie Adams 20 67 m 67 ft 9 3 4 in 2014 source source source source Demonstration of the spin technique in shot put Contents 1 History 1 1 Legal throws 1 2 Regulation misconceptions 2 Competition 2 1 Weight 3 Putting styles 3 1 Glide 3 2 Spin 3 3 Usage 4 Types of shot 5 World records 6 Continental records 7 All time top 25 7 1 Men outdoor 7 1 1 Notable throws and series 7 2 Women outdoor 7 3 Men indoor 7 3 1 Notes 7 4 Women indoor 7 4 1 Annulled 8 Olympic medalists 8 1 Men 8 2 Women 9 World Championship medalists 9 1 Men 9 2 Women 10 World Indoor Championships medalists 10 1 Men 10 2 Women 11 Season s bests 11 1 Men 11 2 Women 12 See also 13 Notes and references 14 External linksHistory edit nbsp Czechoslovak shot putter Plihal at the 1957 East German Indoor Athletics Championships nbsp Shot putter at the University of Nebraska 1942 showing the circle and stop board Homer mentions competitions of rock throwing by soldiers during the siege of Troy but there is no record of any dead weights being thrown in Greek competitions The first evidence for stone or weight throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands and date back to approximately the first century 1 In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing 2 The first events resembling the modern shot put likely occurred in the Middle Ages when soldiers held competitions in which they hurled cannonballs Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866 3 Competitors take their throw from inside a marked circle 2 135 metres 7 ft 0 in in diameter with a toe board or stop board 10 centimetres 4 in high at the front of the circle The distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to the nearest mark made on the ground by the falling shot with distances rounded down to the nearest centimetre under IAAF and WMA rules Legal throws edit nbsp Czechoslovak shot putter Jiri Skobla showing the correct technique for keeping the shot near the neck The following rules indoor and outdoor must be adhered to for a legal throw Upon calling the athlete s name the athlete may choose any part of the throwing circle to enter inside They have thirty seconds to commence the throwing motion otherwise it counts as a forfeit for the current round The athlete may not wear gloves IAAF rules permit the taping of individual fingers The athlete must rest the shot close to the neck and keep it tight to the neck throughout the motion The shot must be released above the height of the shoulder using only one hand The athlete may touch the inside surface of the circle or toe board but must not touch the top or outside of the circle or toe board or the ground beyond the circle Limbs may however extend over the lines of the circle in the air The shot must land in the throwing sector which is a circular sector of 34 92 centered on the throwing circle The throwing sector has been narrowed multiple times over the years to improve safety most recently in 2004 from 40 The current throwing sector angle 34 92 was chosen because it provides a sector whose bounds are easy to measure and lay out on a field 10 metres out from the center of the ring 6 metres across 4 The athlete must leave the throwing circle from the back half Foul throws occur when an athlete Does not pause within the circle before beginning the putting motion Does not complete the putting movement initiated within thirty seconds of having their name called Allows the shot to drop below their shoulder or outside the vertical plane of their shoulder during the put At any time if the shot loses contact with the neck then it is technically an illegal put During the putting motion touches with any part of the body including shoes the top or ends of the toe board the top of the iron ring anywhere outside the circle Puts a shot which either falls outside the throwing sector or touches a sector line on the initial impact Leaves the circle before the shot has landed Does not leave from the rear half of the circle Regulation misconceptions edit The following are either obsolete or non existent but commonly believed rules within professional competition citation needed The athlete must enter the circle from the back none of the rule books contain such a clause The athlete entering the circle then exiting and re entering it prior to starting the throw results in a foul all the rule books allow an athlete to leave a circle prior to starting a throw but this still counts within the 30 second time limit the allowable method of exiting the circle varies by rule book Loose clothing shoelaces or long hair touching outside the circle during a throw or an athlete bringing a towel into the circle and then throwing it out prior to the put results in a foul Competition editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message nbsp Shot put area Shot put competitions have been held at the modern Summer Olympic Games since their inception in 1896 and it is also included as an event in the World Athletics Championships Each of these competitions in the modern era have a set number of rounds of throws Typically there are three qualification rounds to determine qualification for the final There are then three preliminary rounds in the final with the top eight competitors receiving a further three throws Each competitor in the final is credited with their longest throw regardless of whether it was achieved in the preliminary or final three rounds The competitor with the longest legal put is declared the winner Weight edit In open competitions the men s shot weighs 7 26 kilograms 16 lb and the women s shot weighs 4 kilograms 8 82 lb Junior school and masters competitions often use different weights of shots typically below the weights of those used in open competitions the individual rules for each competition should be consulted in order to determine the correct weights to be used Putting styles editTwo putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors the glide and the spin With all putting styles the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of slightly less than forty five degrees 5 Glide edit The origin of this technique dates to 1951 when Parry O Brien from the United States invented a technique that involved the putter facing backwards rotating 180 degrees across the circle and then tossing the shot Unlike spin this technique is a linear movement 6 With this technique a right hand thrower would begin facing the rear of the circle They would typically adopt a specific type of crouch involving their bent right leg in order to begin the throw from a more beneficial posture whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles The positioning of their bodyweight over their bent leg which pushes upwards with equal force generates a preparatory isometric press The force generated by this press will be channelled into the subsequent throw making it more powerful To initiate the throw they kick to the front with the left leg while pushing off forcefully with the right As the thrower crosses the circle the hips twist toward the front the left arm is swung out then pulled back tight followed by the shoulders and they then strike in a putting motion with their right arm The key is to move quickly across the circle with as little air under the feet as possible hence the name glide Spin edit This is also known as the rotational technique 7 It was first practiced in Europe in the 1950s but did not receive much attention until the 1970s 8 In 1972 Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style the spin krugovoj mah in Russian invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev 9 10 The spin involves rotating like a discus thrower and using rotational momentum for power In 1976 Baryshnikov went on to set a world record of 22 00 m 72 18 ft with his spin style and was the first shot putter to cross the 22 meter mark 11 With this technique a right hand thrower faces the rear and begins to spin on the ball of the left foot The thrower comes around and faces the front of the circle and drives the right foot into the center of the circle Finally the thrower reaches for the front of the circle with the left foot twisting the hips and shoulders like in the glide and puts the shot When the athlete executes the spin the upper body is twisted hard to the right so the imaginary lines created by the shoulders and hips are no longer parallel This action builds up torque and stretches the muscles creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles providing extra power and momentum When the athlete prepares to release the left foot is firmly planted causing the momentum and energy generated to be conserved pushing the shot in an upward and outward direction Another purpose of the spin is to build up a high rotational speed by swinging the right leg initially then to bring all the limbs in tightly similar to a figure skater bringing in their arms while spinning to increase their speed Once this fast speed is achieved the shot is released transferring the energy into the shot put Until 2016 a woman had never made an Olympic final top 8 using the spin technique The first woman to enter a final and win a medal at the Olympics was Anita Marton 12 8 Ryan Crouser the current men s world record holder added an additional move the Crouser Slide to his spin technique He used this technique to set the world record at the Los Angeles Grand Prix in 2023 13 Usage edit Currently most top male shot putters use the spin However the glide remains popular since the technique leads to greater consistency compared to the rotational technique Almost all throwers start by using the glide Tomasz Majewski notes that although most athletes use the spin 14 he and some other top shot putters achieved success using this classic method for example he became first to defend the Olympic title in 56 years The world record and the next six best male results 23 37 23 30 23 15 and 23 12 by Ryan Crouser 23 23 by Joe Kovacs and 23 12 and 23 10 by Randy Barnes were completed with the spin technique while the eighth best all time put of 23 06 m 75 ft 7 3 4 in by Ulf Timmermann was completed with the glide technique The decision to glide or spin may need to be decided on an individual basis determined by the thrower s size and power Short throwers may benefit from the spin and taller throwers may benefit from the glide but many throwers do not follow this guideline Types of shot editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message The shot is made of different kinds of materials depending on its intended use Materials used include sand iron cast iron solid steel stainless steel brass and synthetic materials like polyvinyl Some metals are more dense than others making the size of the shot vary For example different materials are used to make indoor and outdoor shot because damage to surroundings must be taken into account so the latter are smaller There are various size and weight standards for the implement that depend on the age and gender of the competitors as well as the national customs of the governing body World records editMain articles Men s shot put world record progression and Women s shot put world record progression The current world record holders are 15 Type Athlete Mark Date Place Men Outdoor Ryan Crouser 23 56 m 77 ft 3 1 2 in 27 May 2023 Los Angeles USA Indoor Ryan Crouser 22 82 m 74 ft 10 1 4 in 24 January 2021 Fayetteville Arkansas USA Women Outdoor Natalya Lisovskaya 22 63 m 74 ft 2 3 4 in 7 June 1987 Moscow USSR Indoor Helena Fibingerova 22 50 m 73 ft 9 3 4 in 19 February 1977 Jablonec CZEContinental records editThe current records held on each continent are 16 17 Area Men s Women s Mark Athlete Nation Mark Athlete Nation Africa 21 97 m 72 ft 3 4 in Janus Robberts nbsp South Africa 18 43 m 60 ft 5 1 2 in Vivian Chukwuemeka nbsp Nigeria Asia 21 77 m 71 ft 5 in Tajinderpal Singh Toor nbsp India 21 76 m 71 ft 4 1 2 in Meisu Li nbsp China Europe 23 06 m 75 ft 7 3 4 in Ulf Timmermann nbsp East Germany 22 63 m 74 ft 2 3 4 in WR Natalya Lisovskaya nbsp Soviet Union North and CentralAmerica and Caribbean 23 56 m 77 ft 3 1 2 in WR Ryan Crouser nbsp United States 20 96 m 68 ft 9 in A Belsy Laza nbsp Cuba Oceania 22 90 m 75 ft 1 1 2 in Tomas Walsh nbsp New Zealand 21 24 m 69 ft 8 in Valerie Adams nbsp New Zealand South America 22 61 m 74 ft 2 in Darlan Romani nbsp Brazil 19 30 m 63 ft 3 3 4 in A Elisangela Adriano nbsp BrazilAll time top 25 editTables show data for two definitions of Top 25 the top 25 distances and the top 25 athletes denotes top performance for an athlete in the top 25 distances denotes lesser performances still in the top 25 distances by a repeat athlete denotes top performance only for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 distances Men outdoor edit Correct as of May 2024 18 19 Ath Perf Mark Technique Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 23 56 m 77 ft 3 1 2 in spin Ryan Crouser nbsp United States 27 May 2023 Los Angeles 20 2 23 51 m 77 ft 1 1 2 in Crouser 2 19 August 2023 Budapest 21 3 23 37 m 76 ft 8 in Crouser 3 18 June 2021 Eugene 22 4 23 30 m 76 ft 5 1 4 in Crouser 4 5 August 2021 Tokyo 2 5 23 23 m 76 ft 2 1 2 in spin Joe Kovacs nbsp United States 7 September 2022 Zurich 23 6 23 15 m 75 ft 11 1 4 in Crouser 5 21 August 2021 Eugene 3 7 23 12 m 75 ft 10 in spin Randy Barnes nbsp United States 20 May 1990 Westwood 8 23 12 m 75 ft 10 in Crouser 6 24 June 2022 Eugene 24 9 23 10 m 75 ft 9 1 4 in Barnes 2 26 May 1990 San Jose 10 23 07 m 75 ft 8 1 4 in Crouser 7 23 July 2023 London 25 4 11 23 06 m 75 ft 7 3 4 in glide Ulf Timmermann nbsp East Germany 22 May 1988 Chania 12 23 02 m 75 ft 6 1 4 in Crouser 8 28 May 2022 Eugene 26 13 23 01 m 75 ft 5 3 4 in Crouser 9 22 May 2021 Tucson 14 22 94 m 75 ft 3 in Crouser 10 17 July 2022 Eugene 27 15 22 93 m 75 ft 2 3 4 in Kovacs 2 17 September 2023 Eugene 28 16 22 92 m 75 ft 2 1 4 in Crouser 11 18 June 2021 Eugene 5 17 22 91 m 75 ft 1 3 4 in glide Alessandro Andrei nbsp Italy 12 August 1987 Viareggio 17 22 91 m 75 ft 1 3 4 in Kovacs 2 5 October 2019 Doha 29 Crouser 12 18 July 2020 Marietta Crouser 13 17 September 2023 Eugene 28 21 22 90 m 75 ft 1 1 2 in Crouser 14 5 October 2019 Doha 6 21 22 90 m 75 ft 1 1 2 in spin Tom Walsh nbsp New Zealand 5 October 2019 Doha 29 23 22 89 m 75 ft 1 in Kovacs 3 17 July 2022 Eugene 27 Kovacs 4 8 August 2022 Szekesfehervar 30 7 25 22 88 m 75 ft 3 4 in spin Leonardo Fabbri nbsp Italy 1 May 2024 Modena 31 8 22 86 m 75 ft 0 in A spin Brian Oldfield nbsp United States 10 May 1975 El Paso 9 22 75 m 74 ft 7 1 2 in glide Werner Gunthor nbsp Switzerland 23 August 1988 Bern 10 22 67 m 74 ft 4 1 2 in spin Kevin Toth nbsp United States 19 April 2003 Lawrence 11 22 64 m 74 ft 3 1 4 in glide Udo Beyer nbsp East Germany 20 August 1986 Berlin 12 22 61 m 74 ft 2 in spin Darlan Romani nbsp Brazil 30 June 2019 Stanford 32 13 22 59 m 74 ft 1 1 4 in spin Payton Otterdahl nbsp United States 24 April 2024 Des Moines 33 14 22 54 m 73 ft 11 1 4 in spin Christian Cantwell nbsp United States 5 June 2004 Gresham 15 22 52 m 73 ft 10 1 2 in glide John Brenner nbsp United States 26 April 1987 Walnut 16 22 51 m 73 ft 10 in spin Adam Nelson nbsp United States 18 May 2002 Portland 17 22 44 m 73 ft 7 1 4 in spin Darrell Hill nbsp United States 31 August 2017 Brussels 34 spin Zane Weir nbsp Italy 3 September 2023 Padua 35 19 22 43 m 73 ft 7 in spin Reese Hoffa nbsp United States 3 August 2007 London 20 22 32 m 73 ft 2 1 2 in spin Michal Haratyk nbsp Poland 28 July 2019 Warsaw 36 21 22 29 m 73 ft 1 1 2 in spin Josh Awotunde nbsp United States 17 July 2022 Eugene 27 22 22 28 m 73 ft 1 in spin Ryan Whiting nbsp United States 10 May 2013 Doha 23 22 25 m 72 ft 11 3 4 in spin Konrad Bukowiecki nbsp Poland 14 September 2019 Chorzow 37 24 22 24 m 72 ft 11 1 2 in glide Sergey Smirnov nbsp Soviet Union 21 June 1986 Tallinn 25 22 22 m 72 ft 10 3 4 in spin Bob Bertemes nbsp Luxembourg 4 August 2019 Luxembourg City 38 spin Rajindra Campbell nbsp Jamaica 22 July 2023 Madrid 39 Notable throws and series edit Ryan Crouser threw 23 12 in Eugene Oregon on 24 June 2022 23 01 23 11 and 22 98 ancillary throws were recorded for his remaining attempts This was the first time the 23 metre barrier has been broken more than once in a series 24 Crouser also threw a series of 23 23 23 31 22 94 23 56 22 80 and 22 86 in Los Angeles California on 27 May 2023 to break again the 23 metre mark three times in a series 20 Women outdoor edit Correct as of April 2022 40 41 Ath Perf Mark Technique Athlete Nation Date Place Ref 1 1 22 63 m 74 ft 2 3 4 in glide Natalya Lisovskaya nbsp Soviet Union 7 June 1987 Moscow 2 22 60 m 74 ft 1 3 4 in Lisovskaya 2 7 June 1987 Moscow 3 22 55 m 73 ft 11 3 4 in Lisovskaya 3 5 July 1988 Tallinn 4 22 53 m 73 ft 11 in Lisovskaya 4 27 May 1984 Sochi Lisovskaya 5 14 August 1988 Kyiv 2 6 22 45 m 73 ft 7 3 4 in glide Ilona Slupianek nbsp East Germany 11 May 1980 Potsdam 7 22 41 m 73 ft 6 1 4 in Slupianek 2 24 July 1980 Moscow 8 22 40 m 73 ft 5 3 4 in Slupianek 3 3 June 1983 Berlin 9 22 38 m 73 ft 5 in Slupianek 4 25 May 1980 Karl Marx Stadt 10 22 36 m 73 ft 4 1 4 in Slupianek 5 2 May 1980 Celje 11 22 34 m 73 ft 3 1 2 in Slupianek 6 7 May 1980 Berlin Slupianek 7 18 July 1980 Cottbus 3 13 22 32 m 73 ft 2 1 2 in glide Helena Fibingerova nbsp Czechoslovakia 20 August 1977 Nitra 14 22 24 m 72 ft 11 1 2 in Lisovskaya 6 1 October 1988 Seoul 15 22 22 m 72 ft 10 3 4 in Slupianek 8 13 July 1980 Potsdam 4 16 22 19 m 72 ft 9 1 2 in glide Claudia Losch nbsp West Germany 23 August 1987 Hainfeld 17 22 13 m 72 ft 7 1 4 in Slupianek 9 29 April 1980 Split 18 22 06 m 72 ft 4 1 2 in Lisovskaya 7 6 August 1988 Moscow 19 22 05 m 72 ft 4 in Slupianek 10 28 May 1980 Berlin Slupianek 11 31 May 1980 Potsdam 21 22 04 m 72 ft 3 1 2 in Slupianek 12 4 July 1979 Potsdam Slupianek 13 29 July 1979 Potsdam 23 21 99 m 72 ft 1 1 2 in Fibingerova 2 26 September 1976 Opava 24 21 98 m 72 ft 1 1 4 in Slupianek 14 17 July 1979 Berlin 25 21 96 m 72 ft 1 2 in Fibingerova 3 8 June 1977 Ostrava Lisovskaya 8 16 August 1984 Prague Lisovskaya 9 28 August 1988 Vilnius 5 21 89 m 71 ft 9 3 4 in glide Ivanka Khristova nbsp Bulgaria 4 July 1976 Belmeken 6 21 86 m 71 ft 8 1 2 in glide Marianne Adam nbsp East Germany 23 June 1979 Leipzig 7 21 76 m 71 ft 4 1 2 in glide Li Meisu nbsp China 23 April 1988 Shijiazhuang 8 21 73 m 71 ft 3 1 2 in glide Natalya Akhrimenko nbsp Soviet Union 21 May 1988 Leselidze 9 21 69 m 71 ft 1 3 4 in glide Vita Pavlysh nbsp Ukraine 20 August 1998 Budapest 10 21 66 m 71 ft 3 4 in glide Sui Xinmei nbsp China 9 June 1990 Beijing 11 21 61 m 70 ft 10 3 4 in glide Verzhinia Veselinova nbsp Bulgaria 21 August 1982 Sofia 12 21 58 m 70 ft 9 1 2 in glide Margitta Droese Pufe nbsp East Germany 28 May 1978 Erfurt 13 21 57 m 70 ft 9 in glide Ines Muller nbsp East Germany 16 May 1988 Athens 14 21 53 m 70 ft 7 1 2 in glide Nunu Abashidze nbsp Soviet Union 20 June 1984 Kyiv 15 21 52 m 70 ft 7 in glide Huang Zhihong nbsp China 27 June 1990 Beijing 16 21 46 m 70 ft 4 3 4 in glide Larisa Peleshenko nbsp Russia 26 August 2000 Budapest 17 21 45 m 70 ft 4 1 4 in glide Nadezhda Chizhova nbsp Soviet Union 29 September 1973 Varna 18 21 43 m 70 ft 3 1 2 in glide Eva Wilms nbsp West Germany 17 June 1977 Munich 19 21 42 m 70 ft 3 1 4 in glide Svetlana Krachevskaya nbsp Soviet Union 24 July 1980 Moscow 20 21 31 m 69 ft 10 3 4 in glide Heike Hartwig nbsp East Germany 16 May 1988 Athens 21 21 27 m 69 ft 9 1 4 in glide Liane Schmuhl nbsp East Germany 26 June 1982 Cottbus 22 21 24 m 69 ft 8 in glide Valerie Adams nbsp New Zealand 29 August 2011 Daegu 23 21 22 m 69 ft 7 1 4 in glide Astrid Kumbernuss nbsp Germany 5 August 1995 Gothenburg 24 21 21 m 69 ft 7 in glide Kathrin Neimke nbsp East Germany 5 September 1987 Rome 25 21 19 m 69 ft 6 1 4 in glide Helma Knorscheidt nbsp East Germany 24 May 1984 Berlin Men indoor edit Correct as of February 2024 42 Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref 1 22 82 m 74 ft 10 1 4 in nbsp Ryan Crouser USA 24 January 2021 Fayetteville 2 22 66 m 74 ft 4 in nbsp Randy Barnes USA 20 January 1989 Los Angeles 3 22 55 m 73 ft 11 3 4 in nbsp Ulf Timmermann GDR 11 February 1989 Senftenberg 4 22 53 m 73 ft 11 in nbsp Darlan Romani BRA 19 March 2022 Belgrade 5 22 40 m 73 ft 5 3 4 in nbsp Adam Nelson USA 15 February 2008 Fayetteville 6 22 37 m 73 ft 4 1 2 in nbsp Leonardo Fabbri ITA 11 February 2024 Lievin 43 7 22 31 m 73 ft 2 1 4 in nbsp Tom Walsh NZL 3 March 2018 Birmingham 8 22 26 m 73 ft 1 4 in nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI 8 February 1987 Magglingen 9 22 23 m 72 ft 11 in A nbsp Ryan Whiting USA 23 February 2014 Albuquerque 10 22 18 m 72 ft 9 in nbsp Christian Cantwell USA 22 February 2008 Warrensburg 11 22 17 m 72 ft 8 3 4 in nbsp Tomas Stanek CZE 6 February 2018 Dusseldorf 44 12 22 16 m 72 ft 8 1 4 in nbsp Rajindra Campbell JAM 23 February 2024 Madrid 45 13 22 11 m 72 ft 6 1 4 in nbsp Reese Hoffa USA 10 March 2006 Moscow 14 22 09 m 72 ft 5 1 2 in nbsp Mika Halvari FIN 7 February 2000 Tampere 15 22 06 m 72 ft 4 1 2 in nbsp Zane Weir ITA 3 March 2023 Istanbul 46 16 22 05 m 72 ft 4 in nbsp Joe Kovacs USA 13 February 2021 Geneva 17 22 02 m 72 ft 2 3 4 in nbsp George Woods USA 8 February 1974 Inglewood 18 22 00 m 72 ft 2 in nbsp Konrad Bukowiecki POL 15 February 2018 Torun 19 21 93 m 71 ft 11 1 4 in nbsp Bob Bertemes LUX 19 February 2023 Kirchberg 20 21 88 m 71 ft 9 1 4 in nbsp David Storl GER 9 March 2012 Istanbul 21 21 85 m 71 ft 8 in nbsp Turner Washington USA 13 February 2021 Lubbock 22 21 84 m 71 ft 7 3 4 in nbsp Filip Mihaljevic CRO 27 February 2020 Belgrade nbsp Roman Kokoshko UKR 3 March 2023 Istanbul 46 24 21 83 m 71 ft 7 1 4 in nbsp Oleksandr Bahach UKR 21 February 1991 Brovary nbsp John Godina USA 26 February 2005 Boston nbsp Michal Haratyk POL 12 February 2021 Lodz Notes edit Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 22 42 m Ryan Crouser also threw 22 80 2024 22 77 2024 22 70 2021 22 66 2021 22 65 2021 22 60 2020 22 58 2020 2023 22 48 2021 22 43 2021 and 22 42 2023 Randy Barnes also threw 22 66 1989 Ulf Timmermann also threw 22 55 1989 Ryan Crouser threw 23 38 i a possible world record in Pocatello Idaho on 18 February 2023 But this result was unratifiable because the throwing circle was too wide and raised above ground level 47 Women indoor edit Correct as of May 2022 48 Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref 1 22 50 m 73 ft 9 3 4 in nbsp Helena Fibingerova TCH 19 February 1977 Jablonec 2 22 14 m 72 ft 7 1 2 in nbsp Natalya Lisovskaya URS 7 February 1987 Penza 3 21 60 m 70 ft 10 1 4 in nbsp Valentina Fedyushina UKR 28 December 1991 Simferopol 4 21 59 m 70 ft 10 in nbsp Ilona Slupianek GDR 24 January 1979 Berlin 5 21 46 m 70 ft 4 3 4 in nbsp Claudia Losch FRG 4 February 1986 Zweibrucken 6 21 26 m 69 ft 9 in nbsp Ines Muller GDR 24 February 1985 Berlin nbsp Natalya Akhrimenko URS 24 January 1987 Leningrad 8 21 23 m 69 ft 7 3 4 in nbsp Margitta Droese Pufe GDR 26 February 1978 Senftenberg 9 21 15 m 69 ft 4 1 2 in nbsp Irina Korzhanenko RUS 18 February 1999 Moscow 10 21 10 m 69 ft 2 1 2 in nbsp Sui Xinmei CHN 3 March 1990 Beijing 11 21 08 m 69 ft 1 3 4 in nbsp Li Meisu CHN 25 March 1988 Beijing 12 21 06 m 69 ft 1 in nbsp Eva Wilms FRG 19 February 1977 Dortmund nbsp Nunu Abashidze URS 8 February 1984 Budapest 14 21 03 m 68 ft 11 3 4 in nbsp Helma Knorscheidt GDR 4 August 1983 Berlin 15 20 98 m 68 ft 9 3 4 in nbsp Valerie Adams NZL 28 August 2013 Zurich 16 20 94 m 68 ft 8 1 4 in nbsp Kathrin Neimke GDR 3 February 1988 Senftenberg 17 20 85 m 68 ft 4 3 4 in nbsp Heidi Krieger GDR 25 January 1987 Berlin 18 20 78 m 68 ft 2 in nbsp Ivanka Khristova BUL 14 February 1976 Sofia 19 20 75 m 68 ft 3 4 in nbsp Heike Hartwig GDR 7 February 1987 Senftenberg 20 20 74 m 68 ft 1 2 in nbsp Verzhiniya Veselinova BUL 21 February 1982 Sofia 21 20 73 m 68 ft 0 in nbsp Vita Pavlysh UKR 22 February 2004 Sumy 22 20 71 m 67 ft 11 1 4 in nbsp Larisa Peleshenko URS 11 February 1988 Volgograd 23 20 70 m 67 ft 10 3 4 in nbsp Liane Schmuhl GDR 27 February 1982 Senftenberg 24 20 69 m 67 ft 10 1 2 in nbsp Svetlana Krivelyova RUS 22 January 1999 Moscow 25 20 62 m 67 ft 7 3 4 in nbsp Nadezhda Chizhova URS 9 March 1974 Gothenburg Annulled edit The following athletes had their performance inside 21 50 m annulled due to doping offences Nadzeya Ostapchuk 21 70 2010 Olympic medalists editMen edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 1896 Athensdetails Robert Garrett nbsp United States Miltiadis Gouskos nbsp Greece Georgios Papasideris nbsp Greece 1900 Parisdetails Richard Sheldon nbsp United States Josiah McCracken nbsp United States Robert Garrett nbsp United States 1904 St Louisdetails Ralph Rose nbsp United States Wesley Coe nbsp United States Lawrence Feuerbach nbsp United States 1908 Londondetails Ralph Rose nbsp United States Denis Horgan nbsp Great Britain John Garrels nbsp United States 1912 Stockholmdetails Pat McDonald nbsp United States Ralph Rose nbsp United States Lawrence Whitney nbsp United States 1920 Antwerpdetails Ville Porhola nbsp Finland Elmer Niklander nbsp Finland Harry Liversedge nbsp United States 1924 Parisdetails Bud Houser nbsp United States Glenn Hartranft nbsp United States Ralph Hills nbsp United States 1928 Amsterdamdetails John Kuck nbsp United States Herman Brix nbsp United States Emil Hirschfeld nbsp Germany 1932 Los Angelesdetails Leo Sexton nbsp United States Harlow Rothert nbsp United States Frantisek Douda nbsp Czechoslovakia 1936 Berlindetails Hans Woellke nbsp Germany Sulo Barlund nbsp Finland Gerhard Stock nbsp Germany 1948 Londondetails Wilbur Thompson nbsp United States Jim Delaney nbsp United States Jim Fuchs nbsp United States 1952 Helsinkidetails Parry O Brien nbsp United States Darrow Hooper nbsp United States Jim Fuchs nbsp United States 1956 Melbournedetails Parry O Brien nbsp United States Bill Nieder nbsp United States Jiri Skobla nbsp Czechoslovakia 1960 Romedetails Bill Nieder nbsp United States Parry O Brien nbsp United States Dallas Long nbsp United States 1964 Tokyodetails Dallas Long nbsp United States Randy Matson nbsp United States Vilmos Varju nbsp Hungary 1968 Mexico Citydetails Randy Matson nbsp United States George Woods nbsp United States Eduard Gushchin nbsp Soviet Union 1972 Munichdetails Wladyslaw Komar nbsp Poland George Woods nbsp United States Hartmut Briesenick nbsp East Germany 1976 Montrealdetails Udo Beyer nbsp East Germany Yevgeniy Mironov nbsp Soviet Union Aleksandr Baryshnikov nbsp Soviet Union 1980 Moscowdetails Vladimir Kiselyov nbsp Soviet Union Aleksandr Baryshnikov nbsp Soviet Union Udo Beyer nbsp East Germany 1984 Los Angelesdetails Alessandro Andrei nbsp Italy Mike Carter nbsp United States Dave Laut nbsp United States 1988 Seouldetails Ulf Timmermann nbsp East Germany Randy Barnes nbsp United States Werner Gunthor nbsp Switzerland 1992 Barcelonadetails Mike Stulce nbsp United States Jim Doehring nbsp United States Vyacheslav Lykho nbsp Unified Team 1996 Atlantadetails Randy Barnes nbsp United States John Godina nbsp United States Oleksandr Bagach nbsp Ukraine 2000 Sydneydetails Arsi Harju nbsp Finland Adam Nelson nbsp United States John Godina nbsp United States 2004 Athensdetails Adam Nelson nbsp United States Joachim Olsen nbsp Denmark Manuel Martinez nbsp Spain 2008 Beijingdetails Tomasz Majewski nbsp Poland Christian Cantwell nbsp United States Dylan Armstrong nbsp Canada 2012 Londondetails Tomasz Majewski nbsp Poland David Storl nbsp Germany Reese Hoffa nbsp United States 2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Ryan Crouser nbsp United States Joe Kovacs nbsp United States Tom Walsh nbsp New Zealand 2020 Tokyodetails Ryan Crouser nbsp United States Joe Kovacs nbsp United States Tom Walsh nbsp New Zealand 2024 Paris details Women edit Games Gold Silver Bronzeedit 1948 Londondetails Micheline Ostermeyer nbsp France Amelia Piccinini nbsp Italy Ina Schaffer nbsp Austria 1952 Helsinkidetails Galina Zybina nbsp Soviet Union Marianne Werner nbsp Germany Klavdiya Tochenova nbsp Soviet Union 1956 Melbournedetails Tamara Tyshkevich nbsp Soviet Union Galina Zybina nbsp Soviet Union Marianne Werner nbsp United Team of Germany 1960 Romedetails Tamara Press nbsp Soviet Union Johanna Luttge nbsp United Team of Germany Earlene Brown nbsp United States 1964 Tokyodetails Tamara Press nbsp Soviet Union Renate Culmberger nbsp United Team of Germany Galina Zybina nbsp Soviet Union 1968 Mexico Citydetails Margitta Gummel nbsp East Germany Marita Lange nbsp East Germany Nadezhda Chizhova nbsp Soviet Union 1972 Munichdetails Nadezhda Chizhova nbsp Soviet Union Margitta Gummel nbsp East Germany Ivanka Khristova nbsp Bulgaria 1976 Montrealdetails Ivanka Khristova nbsp Bulgaria Nadezhda Chizhova nbsp Soviet Union Helena Fibingerova nbsp Czechoslovakia 1980 Moscowdetails Ilona Slupianek nbsp East Germany Svetlana Krachevskaya nbsp Soviet Union Margitta Pufe nbsp East Germany 1984 Los Angelesdetails Claudia Losch nbsp West Germany Mihaela Loghin nbsp Romania Gael Martin nbsp Australia 1988 Seouldetails Natalya Lisovskaya nbsp Soviet Union Kathrin Neimke nbsp East Germany Li Meisu nbsp China 1992 Barcelonadetails Svetlana Krivelyova nbsp Unified Team Huang Zhihong nbsp China Kathrin Neimke nbsp Germany 1996 Atlantadetails Astrid Kumbernuss nbsp Germany Sui Xinmei nbsp China Irina Khudoroshkina nbsp Russia 2000 Sydneydetails Yanina Karolchik nbsp Belarus Larisa Peleshenko nbsp Russia Astrid Kumbernuss nbsp Germany 2004 Athensdetails Yumileidi Cumba nbsp Cuba Nadine Kleinert nbsp Germany Not awarded 49 2008 Beijingdetails Valerie Vili nbsp New Zealand Misleydis Gonzalez nbsp Cuba Gong Lijiao nbsp China 2012 Londondetails Valerie Adams nbsp New Zealand Gong Lijiao nbsp China Li Ling nbsp China 2016 Rio de Janeirodetails Michelle Carter nbsp United States Valerie Adams nbsp New Zealand Anita Marton nbsp Hungary 2020 Tokyodetails Gong Lijiao nbsp China Raven Saunders nbsp United States Valerie Adams nbsp New Zealand 2024 ParisdetailsWorld Championship medalists editMen edit Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinkidetails nbsp Edward Sarul POL nbsp Ulf Timmermann GDR nbsp Remigius Machura TCH 1987 Romedetails nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI nbsp Alessandro Andrei ITA nbsp John Brenner USA 1991 Tokyodetails nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI nbsp Lars Arvid Nilsen NOR nbsp Aleksandr Klimenko URS 1993 Stuttgartdetails nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI nbsp Randy Barnes USA nbsp Oleksandr Bagach UKR 1995 Gothenburgdetails nbsp John Godina USA nbsp Mika Halvari FIN nbsp Randy Barnes USA 1997 Athensdetails nbsp John Godina USA nbsp Oliver Sven Buder GER nbsp C J Hunter USA 1999 Sevilledetails nbsp C J Hunter USA nbsp Oliver Sven Buder GER nbsp Oleksandr Bagach UKR 2001 Edmontondetails nbsp John Godina USA nbsp Adam Nelson USA nbsp Arsi Harju FIN 2003 Saint Denisdetails nbsp Andrei Mikhnevich BLR nbsp Adam Nelson USA nbsp Yuriy Bilonoh UKR 2005 Helsinkidetails nbsp Adam Nelson USA nbsp Rutger Smith NED nbsp Ralf Bartels GER 2007 Osakadetails nbsp Reese Hoffa USA nbsp Adam Nelson USA nbsp Rutger Smith NED 2009 Berlindetails nbsp Christian Cantwell USA nbsp Tomasz Majewski POL nbsp Ralf Bartels GER 2011 Daegudetails nbsp David Storl GER nbsp Dylan Armstrong CAN nbsp Christian Cantwell USA 2013 Moscowdetails nbsp David Storl GER nbsp Ryan Whiting USA nbsp Dylan Armstrong CAN 2015 Beijingdetails nbsp Joe Kovacs USA nbsp David Storl GER nbsp O Dayne Richards JAM 2017 Londondetails nbsp Tom Walsh NZL nbsp Joe Kovacs USA nbsp Stipe Zunic CRO 2019 Dohadetails nbsp Joe Kovacs USA nbsp Ryan Crouser USA nbsp Tom Walsh NZL 2022 Eugenedetails nbsp Ryan Crouser USA nbsp Joe Kovacs USA nbsp Josh Awotunde USA 2023 Budapestdetails nbsp Ryan Crouser USA nbsp Leonardo Fabbri ITA nbsp Joe Kovacs USA Women edit Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinkidetails nbsp Helena Fibingerova TCH nbsp Helma Knorscheidt GDR nbsp Ilona Schoknecht Slupianek GDR 1987 Romedetails nbsp Natalya Lisovskaya URS nbsp Kathrin Neimke GDR nbsp Ines Muller GDR 1991 Tokyodetails nbsp Huang Zhihong CHN nbsp Natalya Lisovskaya URS nbsp Svetlana Krivelyova URS 1993 Stuttgartdetails nbsp Huang Zhihong CHN nbsp Svetlana Krivelyova RUS nbsp Kathrin Neimke GER 1995 Gothenburgdetails nbsp Astrid Kumbernuss GER nbsp Huang Zhihong CHN nbsp Svetla Mitkova BUL 1997 Athensdetails nbsp Astrid Kumbernuss GER nbsp Vita Pavlysh UKR nbsp Stephanie Storp GER 1999 Sevilledetails nbsp Astrid Kumbernuss GER nbsp Nadine Kleinert GER nbsp Svetlana Krivelyova RUS 2001 Edmontondetails nbsp Yanina Karolchik BLR nbsp Nadine Kleinert GER nbsp Vita Pavlysh UKR 2003 Saint Denisdetails nbsp Svetlana Krivelyova RUS nbsp Nadzeya Ostapchuk BLR nbsp Vita Pavlysh UKR 2005 Helsinki 50 details nbsp Olga Ryabinkina RUS nbsp Valerie Vili NZL nbsp Nadine Kleinert GER 2007 Osakadetails nbsp Valerie Vili NZL nbsp Nadine Kleinert GER nbsp Li Ling CHN 2009 Berlindetails nbsp Valerie Vili NZL nbsp Nadine Kleinert GER nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN 2011 Daegudetails nbsp Valerie Adams NZL nbsp Jillian Camarena Williams USA nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN 2013 Moscowdetails nbsp Valerie Adams NZL nbsp Christina Schwanitz GER nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN 2015 Beijingdetails nbsp Christina Schwanitz GER nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN nbsp Michelle Carter USA 2017 Londondetails nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN nbsp Anita Marton HUN nbsp Michelle Carter USA 2019 Dohadetails nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN nbsp Danniel Thomas Dodd JAM nbsp Christina Schwanitz GER 2022 Eugenedetails nbsp Chase Ealey USA nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN nbsp Jessica Schilder NED 2023 Budapestdetails nbsp Chase Ealey USA nbsp Sarah Mitton CAN nbsp Gong Lijiao CHN World Indoor Championships medalists editMen edit Games Gold Silver Bronze 1985 Paris A details nbsp Remigius Machura TCH nbsp Udo Beyer GDR nbsp Janis Bojars URS 1987 Indianapolisdetails nbsp Ulf Timmermann GDR nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI nbsp Sergey Smirnov URS 1989 Budapestdetails nbsp Ulf Timmermann GDR nbsp Randy Barnes USA nbsp Georg Andersen NOR 1991 Sevilledetails nbsp Werner Gunthor SUI nbsp Klaus Bodenmuller AUT nbsp Ron Backes USA 1993 Torontodetails nbsp Mike Stulce USA span data al, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library, article, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games. |