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Serge Gainsbourg

January 16, 2023

"Gainsbourg" redirects here. For his daughter, the actress, see Charlotte Gainsbourg. For the 2010 biopic, see Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life. For the Paris Métro station, see Serge Gainsbourg (Paris Métro).

Serge Gainsbourg (French pronunciation: [sɛʁʒ ɡɛ̃zbuʁ] (listen); born Lucien Ginsburg;[a] 2 April 1928 – 2 March 1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, actor, author and filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing public opinion.[2] His artistic output ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and yé-yé to later efforts in rock, zouk, funk, reggae, and electronica.[3] Gainsbourg's varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorise, although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians.

Serge Gainsbourg
Gainsbourg in 1981
Born
Lucien Ginsburg

(1928-04-02)2 April 1928
Paris, France
Died2 March 1991(1991-03-02) (aged 62)
Paris, France
Other names
  • Julien Grix
  • Gainsbarre
Occupations
  • Musician
  • actor
  • writer
  • filmmaker
Years active1957–1991
Spouses
Elisabeth "Lize" Levitsky
​
​
(m. 1951; div. 1957)​
Béatrice Pancrazzi
​
​
(m. 1964; div. 1966)​
Partners
Children4, including Charlotte
Musical career
Genres
Instrument(s)
  • Vocals
  • piano
  • guitar
Labels
(Universal Music Group)
WebsiteOfficial website from Universalmusic

His lyrical works incorporated wordplay, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones. Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs,[4][5] which have been covered more than 1,000 times by diverse artists.[6] Since his death from a second heart attack in 1991, Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France, and he has become one of the country's best-loved public figures.[7] He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and Belgium with "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde", respectively.

Biography

1928–1956: Early years

Lucien Ginsburg was born in Paris on 2 April 1928. He was the son of Ukrainian-Jewish migrants, Joseph Ginsburg (27 March 1896, in Feodosia, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) — 22 April 1971, in Paris) and Olga[b] (née Besman; 15 January 1894, in Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) – 16 March 1985, in Paris), who fled to Paris via Istanbul after the 1917 Russian Revolution.[8] Joseph Ginsburg was a classically trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos; he taught his children—Gainsbourg and his twin sister Liliane—to play the piano.[4] Gainsbourg's childhood was profoundly affected by the occupation of France by Germany during World War II. The identifying yellow star that Jews were required to wear haunted Gainsbourg; in later years he was able to transmute this memory into creative inspiration.[8] During the occupation, the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges, travelling under false papers. Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government and still a perilous refuge for Jews, and it became even more dangerous after Germany occupied it in 1942.[4] Gainsburg attended the Lycée Condorcet high school in Paris but dropped out before completing his Baccalauréat.[9]

In 1945, Gainsbourg's (Ginsburg's) father enrolled him into Beaux-Arts de Paris, a prestigious art school,[9] before he switched to the Académie de Montmartre, where his professors included the likes of André Lhote and Fernand Léger.[10][11] There, Gainsbourg would meet his first wife Elisabeth "Lize" Levitsky, daughter of Russian aristocrats who was also a part-time model.[9] They married on 3 November 1951 and were divorced by 1957.[9] In 1948, he was conscripted by the military for twelve months of service in Courbevoie. He never saw action and spent the time playing dirty songs on his guitar, visiting prostitutes and drinking, later admitting that the service made him an alcoholic.[9] Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris, in Le Mesnil-le-Roi. The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis, for the orphaned children of murdered deportees. Here, Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide, stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future.[8]

1957–1963: Early work as a pianist and chanson singer

Gainsbourg was disillusioned as a painter, as he lacked talent. He was able to earn a living working odd jobs and as a piano player in bars, usually as a stand-in for his father.[9] He soon became the venue pianist at the drag cabaret club Madame Arthur.[12] Whilst filling in a form to join the songwriting society SACEM, Gainsbourg decided to change his first name to Serge, feeling that this was representative of his Jewish background and because, as his future partner Jane Birkin relates: "Lucien reminded him of a hairdresser's assistant".[4] He chose Gainsbourg as his last name, in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough, whom he admired.[13] Gainsbourg had a revelation when he saw Boris Vian at the Milord l'Arsouille club, whose provocative and humorous songs would influence his own compositions.[14] At the Milord l'Arsouille, Gainsbourg accompanied singer and club star Michèle Arnaud on the guitar.[10] In 1957, Arnaud and the club's director Francis Claude discovered, with amazement, the compositions of Gainsbourg while visiting his house to see his paintings. The next day, Claude pushed Gainsbourg on stage. Despite suffering from stage fright, he performed his own repertoire, including "Le Poinçonneur des Lilas",[15][16] which describes the day in the life of a Paris Métro ticket man, whose job is to stamp holes in passengers' tickets. Gainsbourg describes this chore as so monotonous, that the man eventually thinks of putting a hole into his own head and being buried in another hole.[17] He was given his own show by Claude and was eventually spotted by Jacques Canetti, who helped propel his career with a spot at the Théâtre des Trois Baudets and on his tours.[18] In 1958, Arnaud began recording several interpretations of Gainsbourg's songs.

His debut album, Du chant à la une !... (1958), was recorded in the summer of 1958, backed by arranger Alain Goraguer and his orchestra, beginning a fruitful collaboration. It was released in September, becoming a commercial and critical failure, despite winning the grand prize at L'Academie Charles Cross and the praise of Boris Vian, who compared him to Cole Porter.[19] His next album, N° 2 (1959), suffered a similar fate. He made his film debut in 1959 with a supporting role in the French-Italian co-production Come Dance with Me, starring his future lover Brigitte Bardot.[20] In the following year, he featured as a Roman officer in the Italian sword-and-sandals epic-film The Revolt of the Slaves.[21] He would continue playing "nasty characters" in similar productions, including Samson (1961) and The Fury of Hercules (1962).[22] Gainsbourg's first commercial success came in 1960 with his single "L'Eau à la bouche", the title song from the film of the same name, for which he had composed the score.[23] L'Étonnant Serge Gainsbourg (1961), his third LP, included what would become one his best known songs from this period, "La Chanson de Prévert", which lifted lyrics from the Jacques Prévert poem "Les feuilles mortes".[24] After a night of drinking champagne and dancing with singer Juliette Gréco, Gainsbourg went home and wrote "La Javanaise" for her.[25] They would both release versions of the song in 1962, but it is Gainsbourg's rendition that has endured.[24] His fourth album, Serge Gainsbourg N° 4 was released in 1962, incorporating Latin and rock and roll influences whilst his next, Gainsbourg Confidentiel (1963), featured a more minimalistic jazz approach, accompanied only by a double bass and electric guitar.[26][27]

1963–1966: Eurovision and involvement in the yé-yé movement

 
Gainsbourg, Gall, and del Monaco at the Eurovision Song Contest, 20 March 1965

Despite initially mocking yé-yé, a style of French pop typically sung by young female singers, Gainsbourg would soon become one of its most important figures after writing a string of hits for artists like Brigitte Bardot, Petula Clark and France Gall.[13] He had met Gall after being introduced by a friend as they were Philips Records labelmates,[28] thus beginning a successful collaboration that would produce hits like "N'écoute pas les idoles", the frequently covered "Laisse tomber les filles", and "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", the latter of which was the Luxembourgian winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1965.[29] Inspired by the 4th movement (Prestissimo in F minor) from Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 1, the song featured double entendres and wordplay, a staple of Gainsbourg's lyrics.[30] The controversially risqué "Les sucettes" ("Lollipops"), featured references to oral sex, unbeknownst to the 18-year-old Gall, who thought the song was about lollipops.[29] Gall later expressed displeasure at Gainsbourg's antics, stating she felt "betrayed by the adults around me" in 2001.[31]

Gainsbourg married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette "Béatrice" Pancrazzi, with whom he had two children: a daughter named Natacha (b. 8 August 1964) and a son, Paul (born in spring 1968).[32] He divorced Béatrice in February 1966.[32]

His next album, Gainsbourg Percussions (1964), was inspired by the rhythms and melodies of African musicians Miriam Makeba and Babatunde Olatunji.[33] Olatunji later sued Gainsbourg for lifting three tracks from his 1960 album Drums of Passion.[34] Nevertheless, the album has been hailed as being ahead of its time for its incorporation of world music and lyrical content depicting interracial love.[33] Between 1965 and 1966, Gainsbourg composed the music and sung the words of science fiction writer André Ruellan for several songs made for a series of animated Marie-Mathematics shorts created by Jean-Claude Forest.[35] He would reunite with Michèle Arnaud for the duet "Les Papillons noirs" from her 1966 comeback record.[36]

1967–1970: Famous muses and duets

 
 
Bardot (left) pictured in 1968 and Birkin pictured in 1970

In 1967, Gainsbourg wrote the script and provided the soundtrack for the musical comedy television film Anna starring Anna Karina in the titular role.[37][36] Another Gainsbourg song, "Boum-Badaboum" by Minouche Barelli, was entered by Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967, coming in fifth place.[36] In that year, Gainsbourg would have a brief but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot. One day she asked him to write the most beautiful love song he could imagine and, that night, he wrote the duets "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde" for her.[38] The erotic yet cynical "Je t'aime", describing the hopelessness of physical love, was recorded by the pair in a small glass booth in Paris. But after Bardot's husband, German businessman Gunter Sachs, became aware of the recording, he demanded it be withdrawn. Bardot pleaded with Gainsbourg not to release it, and he complied.[2]

Bardot's LP Brigitte Bardot Show 67 contained four songs penned by Gainsbourg, including duets such as the playful "Comic Strip" and the string-laden "Bonnie and Clyde", which tells the story of the American criminal couple and was based on a poem written by Bonnie Parker herself.[1] His own Initials B.B. (1968) included these duets and was his first album in nearly four years. It blended orchestral pop with the style of rock characteristic of London in the swinging sixties, where the album was largely recorded.[39] Gainsbourg borrowed heavily from Antonín Dvořák's New World Symphony for the title track, named after and dedicated to Bardot.[24] Phillips subsidiary Fontana Records also issued the compilation LP Bonnie and Clyde (1968) comprising their duets and other previously recorded material.[40]

His percussion-heavy 1968 single "Requiem pour un con" was performed onscreen by Gainsbourg in the crime film Le Pacha, for which he was the composer.[41] Shortly after being left by Bardot, Gainsbourg was asked by Françoise Hardy to write a French version of the song "It Hurts to Say Goodbye". The result was "Comment te dire adieu", which is notable for its uncommon rhymes and has become one of Hardy's signature songs.[42]

In mid-1968 Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan (1969).[4] In the film, Gainsbourg starred as a commercial director who has an affair on his pregnant wife with a younger woman, played by Birkin.[43] Gainsbourg also provided the soundtrack and dueted with Birkin on the title theme "La Chanson de Slogan". The relationship would last for over a decade.[44] In July 1971 they had a daughter, Charlotte, who would become an actress and singer.[45] Although many sources state that they were married,[46] according to Charlotte this was not the case.[44] After filming Slogan, Gainsbourg asked Birkin to re-record "Je t'aime..." with him.[2] Her vocals were an octave higher than Bardot's, contained suggestive heavy breathing and culminated in simulated orgasm sounds. Released in February 1969, the song topped the UK Singles Chart after being temporarily banned due to its overtly sexual content. It was banned from the radio in several other countries, including Spain, Sweden, Italy and France before 11pm.[47] The song was even publicly denounced by The Vatican.[48] It was included on the joint album Jane Birkin/Serge Gainsbourg, which also contained "Élisa" and new recordings of songs written by other artists including "Les sucettes", "L'anamour" and "Sous le soleil exactement". In 2017, Pitchfork named it the 44th best album of the 1960s.[39] He and Birkin would share the screen in another Gainsbourg-scored film, Cannabis (1970), in which he played an American gangster who falls in love with a girl from a wealthy family.[49]

1971–1977: Concept albums

 
Gainsbourg in 1971

Following the success of "Je t'aime... moi non plus", his record company had expected Gainsbourg to produce another hit. But after having already made a fortune, he was uninterested, deciding to "move onto something serious".[50] The result was his 1971 concept album Histoire de Melody Nelson, which tells the story of an illicit relationship between the narrator and the teenage Melody Nelson after running her over in his Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost.[51] The album heavily features Gainsbourg's distinctive half-spoken, half-sung vocal delivery, loose drums, guitar, and bass evoking funk music, and lush string and choral arrangements by Jean-Claude Vannier.[51] Despite only selling around 15,000 copies upon release, it has become highly influential and is often considered his magnum opus.[51] An accompanying television special starring Gainsbourg and Birkin was also broadcast.[52]

He suffered a heart attack in May 1973, but refused to cut back on his smoking and drinking.[47] Gainsbourg's next record Vu de l'extérieur (1973) was not strictly a concept album like its predecessor and follow-ups, despite its focus on scatology throughout. It largely failed to connect with critics and listeners.[50][53] In that year, Gainsbourg also wrote all of the tracks on Birkin's debut solo album Di doo dah and he would continue to write for her until his death.[54] In 1975, Gainsbourg released the darkly comic album Rock Around the Bunker, performed in an upbeat 1950s rock and roll style and written on the subject of Nazi Germany and the Second World War, drawing from his experiences as a Jewish child in occupied France.[55] The next year saw the release of yet another concept album, L'Homme à tête de chou (The Cabbage Head Man), a nickname used by Gainsbourg himself in reference to his large ears.[56] It included his first foray into the Jamaican genre reggae, a style that Gainsbourg would record his next two albums in.[57]

In 1976, Gainsbourg also made his directorial debut with Je t'aime moi non plus, an offbeat drama named after his song of the same name. It starred Birkin in the lead role, with American actor Joe Dallesandro playing the gay man she falls in love with.[58] The film received positive critical notices from the French press and acclaimed director François Truffaut.[58] Having previously turned down the offer to score the popular softcore pornography film Emmanuelle (1974), he agreed to do so for one of its sequels Goodbye Emmanuelle in 1977.[59]

1978–1981: Reggae period

 
 
 
The I Threes and Sly and Robbie pictured between 1979 and 1980

In 1978, Gainsbourg dropped plans to record another concept album and contacted several Jamaican musicians including rhythm section players Sly and Robbie with the intention of recording a reggae album.[60] He set off for Kingston, Jamaica in September to begin recording Aux armes et cætera (1979) with the likes of Sly and Robbie and the female backing singers The I-Threes of Bob Marley and the Wailers;[57] thus making him the first white musician to record such an album in Jamaica.[61] The album was immensely popular, achieving platinum status for selling over one million copies. But it was not without controversy, as the title track—a reggae version of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise"—received harsh criticism in the newspaper Le Figaro from Michel Droit, who condenmed the song and opined that it may cause a rise in anti-semitism.[62] Gainsbourg also received death threats from right-wing veteran soldiers of the Algerian War of Independence, who were opposed to their national anthem being arranged in reggae style.[63] In 1979, a show had to be cancelled, because an angry mob of French Army parachutists came to demonstrate in the audience. Alone onstage, Gainsbourg raised his fist and answered: "The true meaning of our national anthem is revolutionary" and sang it a capella with the audience.[64]

Birkin left Gainsbourg in 1980, but the two remained close, with Gainsbourg becoming the godfather of Birkin and Jacques Doillon's daughter Lou and writing her next three albums.[65] His first live album Enregistrement public au Théâtre Le Palace (1980), exhibited his reggae-influenced style at the time. Also in 1980, Gainsbourg dueted with actress Catherine Deneuve on the hit song "Dieu fumeur de havanes" from the film Je vous aime and published a novella entitled Evguénie Sokolov, the tale of an avant-garde painter who exploits his flatulence by creating a style known as "gasograms".[66] His final reggae recording, Mauvaises nouvelles des étoiles (1981), was recorded at Compass Point Studios in The Bahamas with the same personnel as its predecessor.[67] Bob Marley, husband to The I Threes singer Rita Marley, was reportedly furious when he discovered that Gainsbourg had made his wife Rita sing erotic lyrics.[63] New posthumous dub mixes of Aux armes et cætera and Mauvaises Nouvelles des Étoiles were released in 2003.[68] During this period, Gainsbourg also had success writing material for other artists, mostly notably "Manureva" for Alain Chamfort, a tribute to French sailor Alain Colas and the titular trimaran he disappeared at sea with.[69]

1982–1991: Final years and death

 
Gainsbourg in 1982

In 1982, Gainsbourg contributed his songwriting to French rockstar Alain Bashung's album Play blessures, which was a left turn creatively for Bashung and is often considered a cult classic despite negative contemporary reviews.[70] His second film as a director, Équateur (1983), was adapted from the 1933 novel Tropic Moon by Belgian writer Georges Simenon and is set in colonialist French Equatorial Africa.[71]

Love on the Beat (1984) saw Gainsbourg move on from reggae and onto a more electronic, new wave inspired sound.[72] The album is known for addressing taboo sexual subject matters, with Gainsbourg dressed in drag on the cover and the highly controversial duet with his daughter Charlotte, "Lemon Incest", which seemed to ambiguously refer to the impossible physical love between an adult and his child.[72][47] The music video for the song featured a half-naked Gainsbourg lying on a bed with Charlotte, leading to further controversy.[47] Nevertheless, it was Gainsbourg's highest-charting song in France. In March 1984, he illegally burned three-quarters of a 500-French-franc bill on television to protest against taxes rising up to 74% of income.[4] In April 1986, on Michel Drucker's live Saturday evening television show Champs-Élysées, with the American singer Whitney Houston, he objected to Drucker's translating his comments to Houston and, in English, stated: "I said, I want to fuck her"—Drucker, utterly embarrassed, insisted that this meant "He says you are great..."[63] That same year, in another talk show interview, he appeared alongside Les Rita Mitsouko singer Catherine Ringer. Gainsbourg spat out at her, "You're nothing but a filthy whore" to which Ringer replied, "look at you, you're just a bitter old alcoholic...you've become a disgusting old parasite."[73]

Gainsbourg's final partner until his death was the model Caroline Paulus, better known by her stage name Bambou.[32] They had a son, Lucien (b. 5 January 1986), who now goes by the name Lulu and is a musician.[32][74] His 1986 film Charlotte for Ever further expanded on the themes found in "Lemon Incest". He starred in the film alongside Charlotte as a widowed, alcoholic father living with his daughter.[47] An album of the same name by Charlotte was also written by Gainsbourg.[75]

 
Tributes left at his gravesite

His sixteenth and final studio album, You're Under Arrest (1987), largely retained the funky new wave sound of Love on the Beat, but also introduced hip hop elements.[76] A return to concept albums for Gainsbourg, it tells the story of an unnamed narrator and his drug-addicted girlfriend in New York City. The album's anti-drug message was exemplified by the single "Aux enfants de la chance".

In December 1988, while a judge at a film festival in Val d'Isère, he was extremely intoxicated at a local theatre where he was to do a presentation. While on stage he began to tell an obscene story about Brigitte Bardot and a champagne bottle, only to stagger offstage and collapse in a nearby seat.[73] Subsequent years saw his health deteriorate, undergoing liver surgery in April 1989.[77] In his ill health, he retired to a private apartment in Vézelay in July 1990, where he would spend six months.[78] He continued to write for other artists, including the lyrics to "White and Black Blues" by Joëlle Ursull, the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990, coming in second place.[61] He similarly wrote all of the lyrics for popular singer Vanessa Paradis's album Variations sur le même t'aime (1990), declaring "Paradis is hell" after its release.[79] His final film, Stan the Flasher, starred Claude Berri as an English teacher who engages in exhibitionism.[80] Gainsbourg's last album of original material was Birkin's Amours des feintes in 1990.[81]

Gainsbourg, who smoked five packs of unfiltered Gitane cigarettes a day,[82] died from a heart attack at his home on 2 March 1991, a month shy of his 63rd birthday.[47] He was buried in the Jewish section of the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.[13] French President François Mitterrand paid tribute by saying, "He was our Baudelaire, our Apollinaire ... He elevated the song to the level of art."[2]

Legacy and influence

 
Tribute graffiti covers the outer wall of Serge Gainsbourg's house on the rue de Verneuil in Paris, looked after by Charlotte Gainsbourg after her father's death

Since his death, Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France.[83] In his native country, artists like the bands Air, Stereolab and BB Brunes (who named themselves after Gainsbourg's song "Initials B.B."), singers Benjamin Biolay, Vincent Delerm, Thomas Fersen and Arthur H have cited him as an influence.[2][84] He has also gained a following in the English-speaking world from artists like Jarvis Cocker of Pulp, Beck, Michael Stipe of R.E.M., Alex Turner of Arctic Monkeys, Portishead, Massive Attack, Mike Patton of Faith No More and Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy.[85][51][86] Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds guitarist Mick Harvey has recorded four cover albums sung in English.[87] Gainsbourg's music has been sampled by several hip hop artists, including songs by Nas, Wu-Tang Clan, Busta Rhymes and MC Solaar.[85][88]

The Parisian house in which Gainsbourg lived from 1969 until 1991, at 5 bis Rue de Verneuil, remains a celebrated shrine, with his ashtrays and collections of various items, such as police badges and bullets, intact. The outside of the house is covered in graffiti dedicated to Gainsbourg, as well as with photographs of significant figures in his life, including Bardot and Birkin.[4] In 2008, Paris' Cité de la Musique held the Gainsbourg 2008 exhibition, curated by sound artist Frédéric Sanchez.[89][90]

Comic artist Joann Sfar wrote and directed the biographical film of his life Gainsbourg (Vie héroïque) (2010).[91] Gainsbourg is portrayed by Eric Elmosnino as an adult and Kacey Mottet Klein as a child. The film won three César Awards, including Best Actor for Elmosnino, and was nominated for an additional eight.[92]

Hong Kong indie-pop band My Little Airport made reference to him in a song on their 2012 album "Lonely Friday" (寂寞的星期五) called "how can you fall in love with a guy who doesn’t know Gainsbourg?"[93]

Discography

Main article: Serge Gainsbourg discography

Studio albums

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Ginsburg is sometimes spelled Ginzburg in the media, including print encyclopaedias and dictionaries. Ginsburg is however the spelling on Gainsbourg's grave; Lucien Ginsburg is the name by which Gainsbourg is referred to, as a performer, in the Sacem catalogue [1] (along with Serge Gainsbourg as the author/composer/adaptor)
  2. ^ Short version: Olia, his mother's baptist name was Olga, as written on Gainsbourg's grave

References

  1. ^ a b Jones, Mikey IQ (10 September 2015). "A beginner's guide to Serge Gainsbourg". Fact. from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e Simmons, Sylvie (2 February 2001). "The eyes have it". The Guardian. from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  3. ^ Torrance, Kelly Jane (13 October 2011). "An Unconventional Film for the Unconventional Serge Gainsbourg". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Robinson, Lisa (15 October 2007). "The Secret World of Serge Gainsbourg". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  5. ^ fr:Liste des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg
  6. ^ fr:Reprises des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg
  7. ^ E.W. (12 October 2017). "In 'Rest', Charlotte Gainsbourg explores the sharp edges of grief". The Economist. from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Ivry, Benjamin (26 November 2008). "The Man With the Yellow Star: The Jewish Life of Serge Gainsbourg". The Forward. from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Simmons, Sylvie (6 June 2015). "Tolstoy's granddaughter. Dali's sleek couch. How Serge Gainsbourg became Serge Gainsbourg". Salon. from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  10. ^ a b Giuliani, Morgane (2 March 2016). "Serge Gainsbourg : 9 lieux à visiter à Paris pour mieux connaître le chanteur". RTL. from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  11. ^ Searle, Adrian (25 November 2018). "Fernand Léger: New Times, New Pleasures review – humanity in a machine age". The Guardian. from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Discovering Serge Gainsbourg's Paris". Coggle. March 2018. from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  13. ^ a b c B. Green, David (2 March 2014). "This Day in Jewish History 1991: Controversial French Singer Serge Gainsbourg Dies". Haaretz. from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  14. ^ L'Arc Journal (#90) special issue devoted to Boris Vian, 1984
  15. ^ Rollet, Thierry (26 July 2018). Léo Ferré an artist's life. p. 196.
  16. ^ Verlant, Gilles (15 November 2000). Gainsbourg. Albin Michel. pp. 132 to 134.
  17. ^ Grabar, Henry (12 April 2013). "Could Paris End Up With a Metro Station Named After Serge Gainsbourg?". Bloomberg CityLab. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  18. ^ Kirkup, James (10 June 1997). "Obituary: Jacques Canetti". The Independent. from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Serge Gainsbourg". Encyclopedia.com. 29 May 2018. from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  20. ^ Simmons 2001, p. 31.
  21. ^ Morain, Jean-Baptiste (23 February 2021). "Gainsbourg et le cinéma : je t'aime, moi non plus…". Les Inrockuptibles. from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  22. ^ Simmons 2001, p. 34.
  23. ^ Dale, Paul (23 July 2010). "Five Great Serge Gainsbourg film soundtracks". The List. from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  24. ^ a b c Allen, Jeremy (15 January 2014). "10 of the best: Serge Gainsbourg". The Guardian. from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  25. ^ Guyard, Bertrand (24 September 2020). "Ne vous déplaise, Serge Gainsbourg a écrit La Javanaise pour Juliette Gréco". Le Figaro. from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  26. ^ "Serge Gainsbourg No. 4". AllMusic. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  27. ^ Bromfield, Daniel (6 January 2019). "Serge Gainsbourg: Gainsbourg Confidentiel". Spectrum Culture. from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  28. ^ Simmons 2001, p. 42.
  29. ^ a b Genzlinger, Neil (8 January 2018). "France Gall, Adaptable French Singing Star, Is Dead at 70". New York Times. from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  30. ^ Mahé, Patrick (15 January 2021). "Gainsbourg, le dandy des mots". Paris Match. from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  31. ^ "France Gall & Serge Gainsbourg – The story behind "Les Sucettes"". 6 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021 – via YouTube.
  32. ^ a b c d Marain, Alexandre (2 April 2021). "Serge Gainsbourg: the 8 women in his life". Vogue Paris. from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  33. ^ a b Tangari, Joe (11 August 2011). "Serge Gainsbourg Gainsbourg Percussions". Pitchfork. from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  34. ^ Simmons 2001, p. 40.
  35. ^ Loret, Eric (18 February 2011). "When Gainsbourg fooled around with Barbarella's sister". Libération. from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  36. ^ a b c Simmons 2001, p. 44.
  37. ^ Whitmore, Greg (15 December 2019). "Anna Karina, French new wave icon – a life in pictures". The Guardian. from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  38. ^ Brown, Helen (8 May 2017). "How Serge Gainsbourg's Je t'aime . . . moi non plus whipped up a scandal". Financial Times. from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
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Sources

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Serge Gainsbourg.
  • (in French)
  • Serge Gainsbourg at IMDb
  • Serge Gainsbourg discography at Discogs  

January 16, 2023
serge, gainsbourg, gainsbourg, redirects, here, daughter, actress, charlotte, gainsbourg, 2010, biopic, gainsbourg, heroic, life, paris, métro, station, paris, métro, french, pronunciation, sɛʁʒ, ɡɛ, zbuʁ, listen, born, lucien, ginsburg, april, 1928, march, 19. Gainsbourg redirects here For his daughter the actress see Charlotte Gainsbourg For the 2010 biopic see Gainsbourg A Heroic Life For the Paris Metro station see Serge Gainsbourg Paris Metro Serge Gainsbourg French pronunciation sɛʁʒ ɡɛ zbuʁ listen born Lucien Ginsburg a 2 April 1928 2 March 1991 was a French musician singer songwriter actor author and filmmaker Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France dividing public opinion 2 His artistic output ranged from his early work in jazz chanson and ye ye to later efforts in rock zouk funk reggae and electronica 3 Gainsbourg s varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorise although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world s most influential popular musicians Serge GainsbourgGainsbourg in 1981BornLucien Ginsburg 1928 04 02 2 April 1928Paris FranceDied2 March 1991 1991 03 02 aged 62 Paris FranceOther namesJulien Grix GainsbarreOccupationsMusician actor writer filmmakerYears active1957 1991SpousesElisabeth Lize Levitsky m 1951 div 1957 wbr Beatrice Pancrazzi m 1964 div 1966 wbr PartnersJane Birkin c 1968 sep 1980 Caroline Paulus c 1980 Children4 including CharlotteMusical careerGenresFrench pop rock jazz 1 Instrument s Vocals piano guitarLabelsPhilipsMercury Universal Music Group WebsiteOfficial website from UniversalmusicHis lyrical works incorporated wordplay with humorous bizarre provocative sexual satirical or subversive overtones Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs 4 5 which have been covered more than 1 000 times by diverse artists 6 Since his death from a second heart attack in 1991 Gainsbourg s music has reached legendary stature in France and he has become one of the country s best loved public figures 7 He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and Belgium with Je t aime moi non plus and Bonnie and Clyde respectively Contents 1 Biography 1 1 1928 1956 Early years 1 2 1957 1963 Early work as a pianist and chanson singer 1 3 1963 1966 Eurovision and involvement in the ye ye movement 1 4 1967 1970 Famous muses and duets 1 5 1971 1977 Concept albums 1 6 1978 1981 Reggae period 1 7 1982 1991 Final years and death 2 Legacy and influence 3 Discography 4 Notes and references 4 1 Notes 4 2 References 4 3 Sources 5 External linksBiography Edit1928 1956 Early years Edit Lucien Ginsburg was born in Paris on 2 April 1928 He was the son of Ukrainian Jewish migrants Joseph Ginsburg 27 March 1896 in Feodosia Russian Empire now Ukraine 22 April 1971 in Paris and Olga b nee Besman 15 January 1894 in Odessa Russian Empire now Ukraine 16 March 1985 in Paris who fled to Paris via Istanbul after the 1917 Russian Revolution 8 Joseph Ginsburg was a classically trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos he taught his children Gainsbourg and his twin sister Liliane to play the piano 4 Gainsbourg s childhood was profoundly affected by the occupation of France by Germany during World War II The identifying yellow star that Jews were required to wear haunted Gainsbourg in later years he was able to transmute this memory into creative inspiration 8 During the occupation the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges travelling under false papers Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government and still a perilous refuge for Jews and it became even more dangerous after Germany occupied it in 1942 4 Gainsburg attended the Lycee Condorcet high school in Paris but dropped out before completing his Baccalaureat 9 In 1945 Gainsbourg s Ginsburg s father enrolled him into Beaux Arts de Paris a prestigious art school 9 before he switched to the Academie de Montmartre where his professors included the likes of Andre Lhote and Fernand Leger 10 11 There Gainsbourg would meet his first wife Elisabeth Lize Levitsky daughter of Russian aristocrats who was also a part time model 9 They married on 3 November 1951 and were divorced by 1957 9 In 1948 he was conscripted by the military for twelve months of service in Courbevoie He never saw action and spent the time playing dirty songs on his guitar visiting prostitutes and drinking later admitting that the service made him an alcoholic 9 Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris in Le Mesnil le Roi The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis for the orphaned children of murdered deportees Here Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future 8 1957 1963 Early work as a pianist and chanson singer Edit Gainsbourg was disillusioned as a painter as he lacked talent He was able to earn a living working odd jobs and as a piano player in bars usually as a stand in for his father 9 He soon became the venue pianist at the drag cabaret club Madame Arthur 12 Whilst filling in a form to join the songwriting society SACEM Gainsbourg decided to change his first name to Serge feeling that this was representative of his Jewish background and because as his future partner Jane Birkin relates Lucien reminded him of a hairdresser s assistant 4 He chose Gainsbourg as his last name in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough whom he admired 13 Gainsbourg had a revelation when he saw Boris Vian at the Milord l Arsouille club whose provocative and humorous songs would influence his own compositions 14 At the Milord l Arsouille Gainsbourg accompanied singer and club star Michele Arnaud on the guitar 10 In 1957 Arnaud and the club s director Francis Claude discovered with amazement the compositions of Gainsbourg while visiting his house to see his paintings The next day Claude pushed Gainsbourg on stage Despite suffering from stage fright he performed his own repertoire including Le Poinconneur des Lilas 15 16 which describes the day in the life of a Paris Metro ticket man whose job is to stamp holes in passengers tickets Gainsbourg describes this chore as so monotonous that the man eventually thinks of putting a hole into his own head and being buried in another hole 17 He was given his own show by Claude and was eventually spotted by Jacques Canetti who helped propel his career with a spot at the Theatre des Trois Baudets and on his tours 18 In 1958 Arnaud began recording several interpretations of Gainsbourg s songs His debut album Du chant a la une 1958 was recorded in the summer of 1958 backed by arranger Alain Goraguer and his orchestra beginning a fruitful collaboration It was released in September becoming a commercial and critical failure despite winning the grand prize at L Academie Charles Cross and the praise of Boris Vian who compared him to Cole Porter 19 His next album N 2 1959 suffered a similar fate He made his film debut in 1959 with a supporting role in the French Italian co production Come Dance with Me starring his future lover Brigitte Bardot 20 In the following year he featured as a Roman officer in the Italian sword and sandals epic film The Revolt of the Slaves 21 He would continue playing nasty characters in similar productions including Samson 1961 and The Fury of Hercules 1962 22 Gainsbourg s first commercial success came in 1960 with his single L Eau a la bouche the title song from the film of the same name for which he had composed the score 23 L Etonnant Serge Gainsbourg 1961 his third LP included what would become one his best known songs from this period La Chanson de Prevert which lifted lyrics from the Jacques Prevert poem Les feuilles mortes 24 After a night of drinking champagne and dancing with singer Juliette Greco Gainsbourg went home and wrote La Javanaise for her 25 They would both release versions of the song in 1962 but it is Gainsbourg s rendition that has endured 24 His fourth album Serge Gainsbourg N 4 was released in 1962 incorporating Latin and rock and roll influences whilst his next Gainsbourg Confidentiel 1963 featured a more minimalistic jazz approach accompanied only by a double bass and electric guitar 26 27 1963 1966 Eurovision and involvement in the ye ye movement Edit Gainsbourg Gall and del Monaco at the Eurovision Song Contest 20 March 1965 Despite initially mocking ye ye a style of French pop typically sung by young female singers Gainsbourg would soon become one of its most important figures after writing a string of hits for artists like Brigitte Bardot Petula Clark and France Gall 13 He had met Gall after being introduced by a friend as they were Philips Records labelmates 28 thus beginning a successful collaboration that would produce hits like N ecoute pas les idoles the frequently covered Laisse tomber les filles and Poupee de cire poupee de son the latter of which was the Luxembourgian winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 29 Inspired by the 4th movement Prestissimo in F minor from Beethoven s Piano Sonata No 1 the song featured double entendres and wordplay a staple of Gainsbourg s lyrics 30 The controversially risque Les sucettes Lollipops featured references to oral sex unbeknownst to the 18 year old Gall who thought the song was about lollipops 29 Gall later expressed displeasure at Gainsbourg s antics stating she felt betrayed by the adults around me in 2001 31 Gainsbourg married a second time on 7 January 1964 to Francoise Antoinette Beatrice Pancrazzi with whom he had two children a daughter named Natacha b 8 August 1964 and a son Paul born in spring 1968 32 He divorced Beatrice in February 1966 32 His next album Gainsbourg Percussions 1964 was inspired by the rhythms and melodies of African musicians Miriam Makeba and Babatunde Olatunji 33 Olatunji later sued Gainsbourg for lifting three tracks from his 1960 album Drums of Passion 34 Nevertheless the album has been hailed as being ahead of its time for its incorporation of world music and lyrical content depicting interracial love 33 Between 1965 and 1966 Gainsbourg composed the music and sung the words of science fiction writer Andre Ruellan for several songs made for a series of animated Marie Mathematics shorts created by Jean Claude Forest 35 He would reunite with Michele Arnaud for the duet Les Papillons noirs from her 1966 comeback record 36 1967 1970 Famous muses and duets Edit Bardot left pictured in 1968 and Birkin pictured in 1970 In 1967 Gainsbourg wrote the script and provided the soundtrack for the musical comedy television film Anna starring Anna Karina in the titular role 37 36 Another Gainsbourg song Boum Badaboum by Minouche Barelli was entered by Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 coming in fifth place 36 In that year Gainsbourg would have a brief but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot One day she asked him to write the most beautiful love song he could imagine and that night he wrote the duets Je t aime moi non plus and Bonnie and Clyde for her 38 The erotic yet cynical Je t aime describing the hopelessness of physical love was recorded by the pair in a small glass booth in Paris But after Bardot s husband German businessman Gunter Sachs became aware of the recording he demanded it be withdrawn Bardot pleaded with Gainsbourg not to release it and he complied 2 Bardot s LP Brigitte Bardot Show 67 contained four songs penned by Gainsbourg including duets such as the playful Comic Strip and the string laden Bonnie and Clyde which tells the story of the American criminal couple and was based on a poem written by Bonnie Parker herself 1 His own Initials B B 1968 included these duets and was his first album in nearly four years It blended orchestral pop with the style of rock characteristic of London in the swinging sixties where the album was largely recorded 39 Gainsbourg borrowed heavily from Antonin Dvorak s New World Symphony for the title track named after and dedicated to Bardot 24 Phillips subsidiary Fontana Records also issued the compilation LP Bonnie and Clyde 1968 comprising their duets and other previously recorded material 40 His percussion heavy 1968 single Requiem pour un con was performed onscreen by Gainsbourg in the crime film Le Pacha for which he was the composer 41 Shortly after being left by Bardot Gainsbourg was asked by Francoise Hardy to write a French version of the song It Hurts to Say Goodbye The result was Comment te dire adieu which is notable for its uncommon rhymes and has become one of Hardy s signature songs 42 In mid 1968 Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan 1969 4 In the film Gainsbourg starred as a commercial director who has an affair on his pregnant wife with a younger woman played by Birkin 43 Gainsbourg also provided the soundtrack and dueted with Birkin on the title theme La Chanson de Slogan The relationship would last for over a decade 44 In July 1971 they had a daughter Charlotte who would become an actress and singer 45 Although many sources state that they were married 46 according to Charlotte this was not the case 44 After filming Slogan Gainsbourg asked Birkin to re record Je t aime with him 2 Her vocals were an octave higher than Bardot s contained suggestive heavy breathing and culminated in simulated orgasm sounds Released in February 1969 the song topped the UK Singles Chart after being temporarily banned due to its overtly sexual content It was banned from the radio in several other countries including Spain Sweden Italy and France before 11pm 47 The song was even publicly denounced by The Vatican 48 It was included on the joint album Jane Birkin Serge Gainsbourg which also contained Elisa and new recordings of songs written by other artists including Les sucettes L anamour and Sous le soleil exactement In 2017 Pitchfork named it the 44th best album of the 1960s 39 He and Birkin would share the screen in another Gainsbourg scored film Cannabis 1970 in which he played an American gangster who falls in love with a girl from a wealthy family 49 1971 1977 Concept albums Edit Gainsbourg in 1971 Following the success of Je t aime moi non plus his record company had expected Gainsbourg to produce another hit But after having already made a fortune he was uninterested deciding to move onto something serious 50 The result was his 1971 concept album Histoire de Melody Nelson which tells the story of an illicit relationship between the narrator and the teenage Melody Nelson after running her over in his Rolls Royce Silver Ghost 51 The album heavily features Gainsbourg s distinctive half spoken half sung vocal delivery loose drums guitar and bass evoking funk music and lush string and choral arrangements by Jean Claude Vannier 51 Despite only selling around 15 000 copies upon release it has become highly influential and is often considered his magnum opus 51 An accompanying television special starring Gainsbourg and Birkin was also broadcast 52 He suffered a heart attack in May 1973 but refused to cut back on his smoking and drinking 47 Gainsbourg s next record Vu de l exterieur 1973 was not strictly a concept album like its predecessor and follow ups despite its focus on scatology throughout It largely failed to connect with critics and listeners 50 53 In that year Gainsbourg also wrote all of the tracks on Birkin s debut solo album Di doo dah and he would continue to write for her until his death 54 In 1975 Gainsbourg released the darkly comic album Rock Around the Bunker performed in an upbeat 1950s rock and roll style and written on the subject of Nazi Germany and the Second World War drawing from his experiences as a Jewish child in occupied France 55 The next year saw the release of yet another concept album L Homme a tete de chou The Cabbage Head Man a nickname used by Gainsbourg himself in reference to his large ears 56 It included his first foray into the Jamaican genre reggae a style that Gainsbourg would record his next two albums in 57 In 1976 Gainsbourg also made his directorial debut with Je t aime moi non plus an offbeat drama named after his song of the same name It starred Birkin in the lead role with American actor Joe Dallesandro playing the gay man she falls in love with 58 The film received positive critical notices from the French press and acclaimed director Francois Truffaut 58 Having previously turned down the offer to score the popular softcore pornography film Emmanuelle 1974 he agreed to do so for one of its sequels Goodbye Emmanuelle in 1977 59 1978 1981 Reggae period Edit The I Threes and Sly and Robbie pictured between 1979 and 1980 In 1978 Gainsbourg dropped plans to record another concept album and contacted several Jamaican musicians including rhythm section players Sly and Robbie with the intention of recording a reggae album 60 He set off for Kingston Jamaica in September to begin recording Aux armes et caetera 1979 with the likes of Sly and Robbie and the female backing singers The I Threes of Bob Marley and the Wailers 57 thus making him the first white musician to record such an album in Jamaica 61 The album was immensely popular achieving platinum status for selling over one million copies But it was not without controversy as the title track a reggae version of the French national anthem La Marseillaise received harsh criticism in the newspaper Le Figaro from Michel Droit who condenmed the song and opined that it may cause a rise in anti semitism 62 Gainsbourg also received death threats from right wing veteran soldiers of the Algerian War of Independence who were opposed to their national anthem being arranged in reggae style 63 In 1979 a show had to be cancelled because an angry mob of French Army parachutists came to demonstrate in the audience Alone onstage Gainsbourg raised his fist and answered The true meaning of our national anthem is revolutionary and sang it a capella with the audience 64 Birkin left Gainsbourg in 1980 but the two remained close with Gainsbourg becoming the godfather of Birkin and Jacques Doillon s daughter Lou and writing her next three albums 65 His first live album Enregistrement public au Theatre Le Palace 1980 exhibited his reggae influenced style at the time Also in 1980 Gainsbourg dueted with actress Catherine Deneuve on the hit song Dieu fumeur de havanes from the film Je vous aime and published a novella entitled Evguenie Sokolov the tale of an avant garde painter who exploits his flatulence by creating a style known as gasograms 66 His final reggae recording Mauvaises nouvelles des etoiles 1981 was recorded at Compass Point Studios in The Bahamas with the same personnel as its predecessor 67 Bob Marley husband to The I Threes singer Rita Marley was reportedly furious when he discovered that Gainsbourg had made his wife Rita sing erotic lyrics 63 New posthumous dub mixes of Aux armes et caetera and Mauvaises Nouvelles des Etoiles were released in 2003 68 During this period Gainsbourg also had success writing material for other artists mostly notably Manureva for Alain Chamfort a tribute to French sailor Alain Colas and the titular trimaran he disappeared at sea with 69 1982 1991 Final years and death Edit Gainsbourg in 1982 In 1982 Gainsbourg contributed his songwriting to French rockstar Alain Bashung s album Play blessures which was a left turn creatively for Bashung and is often considered a cult classic despite negative contemporary reviews 70 His second film as a director Equateur 1983 was adapted from the 1933 novel Tropic Moon by Belgian writer Georges Simenon and is set in colonialist French Equatorial Africa 71 Love on the Beat 1984 saw Gainsbourg move on from reggae and onto a more electronic new wave inspired sound 72 The album is known for addressing taboo sexual subject matters with Gainsbourg dressed in drag on the cover and the highly controversial duet with his daughter Charlotte Lemon Incest which seemed to ambiguously refer to the impossible physical love between an adult and his child 72 47 The music video for the song featured a half naked Gainsbourg lying on a bed with Charlotte leading to further controversy 47 Nevertheless it was Gainsbourg s highest charting song in France In March 1984 he illegally burned three quarters of a 500 French franc bill on television to protest against taxes rising up to 74 of income 4 In April 1986 on Michel Drucker s live Saturday evening television show Champs Elysees with the American singer Whitney Houston he objected to Drucker s translating his comments to Houston and in English stated I said I want to fuck her Drucker utterly embarrassed insisted that this meant He says you are great 63 That same year in another talk show interview he appeared alongside Les Rita Mitsouko singer Catherine Ringer Gainsbourg spat out at her You re nothing but a filthy whore to which Ringer replied look at you you re just a bitter old alcoholic you ve become a disgusting old parasite 73 Gainsbourg s final partner until his death was the model Caroline Paulus better known by her stage name Bambou 32 They had a son Lucien b 5 January 1986 who now goes by the name Lulu and is a musician 32 74 His 1986 film Charlotte for Ever further expanded on the themes found in Lemon Incest He starred in the film alongside Charlotte as a widowed alcoholic father living with his daughter 47 An album of the same name by Charlotte was also written by Gainsbourg 75 Tributes left at his gravesite His sixteenth and final studio album You re Under Arrest 1987 largely retained the funky new wave sound of Love on the Beat but also introduced hip hop elements 76 A return to concept albums for Gainsbourg it tells the story of an unnamed narrator and his drug addicted girlfriend in New York City The album s anti drug message was exemplified by the single Aux enfants de la chance In December 1988 while a judge at a film festival in Val d Isere he was extremely intoxicated at a local theatre where he was to do a presentation While on stage he began to tell an obscene story about Brigitte Bardot and a champagne bottle only to stagger offstage and collapse in a nearby seat 73 Subsequent years saw his health deteriorate undergoing liver surgery in April 1989 77 In his ill health he retired to a private apartment in Vezelay in July 1990 where he would spend six months 78 He continued to write for other artists including the lyrics to White and Black Blues by Joelle Ursull the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 coming in second place 61 He similarly wrote all of the lyrics for popular singer Vanessa Paradis s album Variations sur le meme t aime 1990 declaring Paradis is hell after its release 79 His final film Stan the Flasher starred Claude Berri as an English teacher who engages in exhibitionism 80 Gainsbourg s last album of original material was Birkin s Amours des feintes in 1990 81 Gainsbourg who smoked five packs of unfiltered Gitane cigarettes a day 82 died from a heart attack at his home on 2 March 1991 a month shy of his 63rd birthday 47 He was buried in the Jewish section of the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris 13 French President Francois Mitterrand paid tribute by saying He was our Baudelaire our Apollinaire He elevated the song to the level of art 2 Legacy and influence Edit Tribute graffiti covers the outer wall of Serge Gainsbourg s house on the rue de Verneuil in Paris looked after by Charlotte Gainsbourg after her father s death Since his death Gainsbourg s music has reached legendary stature in France 83 In his native country artists like the bands Air Stereolab and BB Brunes who named themselves after Gainsbourg s song Initials B B singers Benjamin Biolay Vincent Delerm Thomas Fersen and Arthur H have cited him as an influence 2 84 He has also gained a following in the English speaking world from artists like Jarvis Cocker of Pulp Beck Michael Stipe of R E M Alex Turner of Arctic Monkeys Portishead Massive Attack Mike Patton of Faith No More and Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy 85 51 86 Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds guitarist Mick Harvey has recorded four cover albums sung in English 87 Gainsbourg s music has been sampled by several hip hop artists including songs by Nas Wu Tang Clan Busta Rhymes and MC Solaar 85 88 The Parisian house in which Gainsbourg lived from 1969 until 1991 at 5 bis Rue de Verneuil remains a celebrated shrine with his ashtrays and collections of various items such as police badges and bullets intact The outside of the house is covered in graffiti dedicated to Gainsbourg as well as with photographs of significant figures in his life including Bardot and Birkin 4 In 2008 Paris Cite de la Musique held the Gainsbourg 2008 exhibition curated by sound artist Frederic Sanchez 89 90 Comic artist Joann Sfar wrote and directed the biographical film of his life Gainsbourg Vie heroique 2010 91 Gainsbourg is portrayed by Eric Elmosnino as an adult and Kacey Mottet Klein as a child The film won three Cesar Awards including Best Actor for Elmosnino and was nominated for an additional eight 92 Hong Kong indie pop band My Little Airport made reference to him in a song on their 2012 album Lonely Friday 寂寞的星期五 called how can you fall in love with a guy who doesn t know Gainsbourg 93 Discography EditMain article Serge Gainsbourg discography Studio albums Du chant a la une 1958 N 2 1959 L Etonnant Serge Gainsbourg 1961 Serge Gainsbourg N 4 1962 Gainsbourg Confidentiel 1964 Gainsbourg Percussions 1964 Initials B B 1968 Jane Birkin Serge Gainsbourg 1969 Histoire de Melody Nelson 1971 Vu de l exterieur 1973 Rock Around the Bunker 1975 L Homme a tete de chou 1976 Aux armes et caetera 1979 Mauvaises nouvelles des etoiles 1981 Love on the Beat 1984 You re Under Arrest 1987 Notes and references EditNotes Edit Ginsburg is sometimes spelled Ginzburg in the media including print encyclopaedias and dictionaries Ginsburg is however the spelling on Gainsbourg s grave Lucien Ginsburg is the name by which Gainsbourg is referred to as a performer in the Sacem catalogue 1 along with Serge Gainsbourg as the author composer adaptor Short version Olia his mother s baptist name was Olga as written on Gainsbourg s grave References Edit a b Jones Mikey IQ 10 September 2015 A beginner s guide to Serge Gainsbourg Fact Archived from the original on 6 February 2021 Retrieved 10 July 2017 a b c d e Simmons Sylvie 2 February 2001 The eyes have it The Guardian Archived from the original on 26 February 2022 Retrieved 11 March 2022 Torrance Kelly Jane 13 October 2011 An Unconventional Film for the Unconventional Serge Gainsbourg Washington Examiner Retrieved 1 January 2020 a b c d e f g Robinson Lisa 15 October 2007 The Secret World of Serge Gainsbourg Vanity Fair Conde Nast Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 fr Liste des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg fr Reprises des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg E W 12 October 2017 In Rest Charlotte Gainsbourg explores the sharp edges of grief The Economist Archived from the original on 13 January 2022 Retrieved 11 March 2022 a b c Ivry Benjamin 26 November 2008 The Man With the Yellow Star The Jewish Life of Serge Gainsbourg The Forward Archived from the original on 10 March 2021 Retrieved 3 May 2021 a b c d e f Simmons Sylvie 6 June 2015 Tolstoy s granddaughter Dali s sleek couch How Serge Gainsbourg became Serge Gainsbourg Salon Archived from the original on 3 December 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b Giuliani Morgane 2 March 2016 Serge Gainsbourg 9 lieux a visiter a Paris pour mieux connaitre le chanteur RTL Archived from the original on 28 January 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Searle Adrian 25 November 2018 Fernand Leger New Times New Pleasures review humanity in a machine age The Guardian Archived from the original on 18 December 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Discovering Serge Gainsbourg s Paris Coggle March 2018 Archived from the original on 28 January 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b c B Green David 2 March 2014 This Day in Jewish History 1991 Controversial French Singer Serge Gainsbourg Dies Haaretz Archived from the original on 25 October 2020 Retrieved 3 May 2021 L Arc Journal 90 special issue devoted to Boris Vian 1984 Rollet Thierry 26 July 2018 Leo Ferre an artist s life p 196 Verlant Gilles 15 November 2000 Gainsbourg Albin Michel pp 132 to 134 Grabar Henry 12 April 2013 Could Paris End Up With a Metro Station Named After Serge Gainsbourg Bloomberg CityLab Retrieved 22 January 2021 Kirkup James 10 June 1997 Obituary Jacques Canetti The Independent Archived from the original on 4 May 2021 Retrieved 4 May 2021 Serge Gainsbourg Encyclopedia com 29 May 2018 Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 4 May 2021 Simmons 2001 p 31 Morain Jean Baptiste 23 February 2021 Gainsbourg et le cinema je t aime moi non plus Les Inrockuptibles Archived from the original on 3 June 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 Simmons 2001 p 34 Dale Paul 23 July 2010 Five Great Serge Gainsbourg film soundtracks The List Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 a b c Allen Jeremy 15 January 2014 10 of the best Serge Gainsbourg The Guardian Archived from the original on 1 April 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Guyard Bertrand 24 September 2020 Ne vous deplaise Serge Gainsbourg a ecrit La Javanaise pour Juliette Greco Le Figaro Archived from the original on 26 January 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2021 Serge Gainsbourg No 4 AllMusic Retrieved 3 June 2021 Bromfield Daniel 6 January 2019 Serge Gainsbourg Gainsbourg Confidentiel Spectrum Culture Archived from the original on 3 June 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 Simmons 2001 p 42 a b Genzlinger Neil 8 January 2018 France Gall Adaptable French Singing Star Is Dead at 70 New York Times Archived from the original on 21 April 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 Mahe Patrick 15 January 2021 Gainsbourg le dandy des mots Paris Match Archived from the original on 7 March 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 France Gall amp Serge Gainsbourg The story behind Les Sucettes 6 January 2010 Archived from the original on 30 October 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 via YouTube a b c d Marain Alexandre 2 April 2021 Serge Gainsbourg the 8 women in his life Vogue Paris Archived from the original on 8 April 2021 Retrieved 3 May 2021 a b Tangari Joe 11 August 2011 Serge Gainsbourg Gainsbourg Percussions Pitchfork Archived from the original on 2 April 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 Simmons 2001 p 40 Loret Eric 18 February 2011 When Gainsbourg fooled around with Barbarella s sister Liberation Archived from the original on 6 July 2021 Retrieved 6 July 2021 a b c Simmons 2001 p 44 Whitmore Greg 15 December 2019 Anna Karina French new wave icon a life in pictures The Guardian Archived from the original on 14 July 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 Brown Helen 8 May 2017 How Serge Gainsbourg s Je t aime moi non plus whipped up a scandal Financial Times Archived from the original on 25 May 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 a b Pitchfork Staff 22 August 2017 The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s Pitchfork Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 Neate Wilson Bonnie and Clyde AllMusic Archived from the original on 22 July 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 Banerji Atreyi 8 February 2021 Watch refurbished footage of Serge Gainsbourg in Le Pacha Far Out Archived from the original on 1 March 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 Martin Anthony 5 November 2020 Francoise Hardy discover the original version of Comment te dire adieu RTL Archived from the original on 23 February 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2021 Simmons 2001 p 50 a b Adams William Lee 26 January 2010 French Chanteuse Charlotte Gainsbourg Time com Archived from the original on 29 January 2010 Simmons 2001 p 68 Best Looking Couples Ever Life com See Your World LLC Good JoAnne 9 July 2011 Inside Travel Pooches in Paris The Independent Serge Gainsbourg s women the music The Daily Telegraph 7 February 2011 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Birkin Bardot and Gainsbourg the accidental sex symbol The Guardian 5 July 2010 Jane Birkin Apple Inc a b c d e f Gorman Francine 28 February 2011 Serge Gainsbourg s 20 most scandalous moments The Guardian Archived from the original on 25 January 2021 Retrieved 27 July 2021 Spencer Neil 22 May 2005 The 10 most x rated records The Guardian Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 Retrieved 27 July 2021 CANNABIS 1970 British Film Institute Archived from the original on 27 November 2020 Retrieved 15 February 2022 a b Simmons 2001 p 62 a b c d Ewing Tom 26 March 2009 Histoire de Melody Nelson Pitchfork Archived from the original on 8 February 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2022 Simmons 2001 p 65 Thompson Dave Vu de L exterieur Review AllMusic Archived from the original on 9 December 2021 Retrieved 6 March 2022 Ruffner Zoe 22 January 2021 Jane Birkin on Her New Album and the Only Three Makeup Products She Uses at 74 Vogue Archived from the original on 1 March 2022 Retrieved 8 March 2022 Simmons 2001 p 75 Carroll Jim 16 June 2001 Serge Gainsbourg The Irish Times Archived from the original on 8 March 2022 Retrieved 8 March 2022 a b Simmons 2001 p 87 a b Kenny Glenn 10 October 2019 Je T Aime Moi Non Plus Review Serge Gainsbourg s Oddball Directorial Debut The New York Times Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 8 March 2022 Simmons 2001 p 82 Simmons 2001 p 86 a b Lynskey Dorian 15 November 2021 The House That Serge Built Jewish Renaissance Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Serge Gainsbourg responds to an article by Michel Droit Le Monde 19 June 1979 Archived from the original on 15 November 2020 Retrieved 9 March 2022 a b c Chrisafis Angelique 14 April 2006 Gainsbourg je t aime The Guardian Archived from the original on 17 July 2021 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Hird Alison 3 March 2021 Gainsbourg still France s favourite bad boy three decades on RFI Archived from the original on 23 January 2022 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Egan Barry 14 February 2021 People say turn over the page but you don t want to so I wrote songs Jane Birkin on her daughter s death Serge Gainsbourg and Je t aime Irish Independent Archived from the original on 5 April 2021 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Mortaigne Veronique 2019 Je T aime The Legendary Love Story of Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg Icon Books Limited ISBN 9781785785047 Retrieved 11 March 2022 Pessis Jacques 2 March 2021 Le jour ou Gainsbourg est devenu Gainsbarre Le Figaro Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 Retrieved 11 March 2022 Lavaine Bertrand 27 June 2003 Jamaican Gainsbourg RFI Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Minonzio Pierre Etienne 8 November 2020 Manureva un tube qui vient de loin France Inter Archived from the original on 29 June 2021 Retrieved 10 March 2022 Porte Sebastien 4 July 2015 Gaetan Roussel Play blessures est l album le plus risque de Bashung Telerama Archived from the original on 8 May 2021 Retrieved 11 March 2022 Siclier Jacques 20 August 1983 EQUATEUR de Serge Gainsbourg Les Blancs malades de l Afrique noire Le Monde Archived from the original on 11 March 2022 Retrieved 11 March 2022 a b Anderson Darran 24 October 2013 Serge Gainsbourg s Histoire de Melody Nelson Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN 978 1 62356 597 8 Retrieved 11 March 2022 a b Kent Nick 15 April 2006 What a drag The Guardian Archived from the original on 14 June 2021 Retrieved 12 March 2022 Serge Gainsbourg Biography Songs amp Albums AllMusic Retrieved 2 September 2021 Hunter Tilney Ludovic 13 January 2012 I like being manipulated Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 June 2021 Retrieved 12 March 2022 Simmons 2001 p 115 116 Los Angeles Times Staff amp Wire Reports 6 March 1991 S Gainsbourg French Singer and Composer Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on 13 March 2022 Retrieved 13 March 2022 Mathieu Clement 2 May 1991 Gainsbourg his last days of happiness Paris Match Archived from the original on 17 March 2021 Retrieved 13 March 2022 Whitman Chloe 13 September 2021 Vanessa Paradis retablit sa verite sur sa relation avec Serge Gainsbourg Gala Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 Retrieved 14 March 2022 Stan the Flasher la debandade d une vie avec Claude Berri Le Monde 2 March 2011 Archived from the original on 19 April 2020 Retrieved 14 March 2022 Unfinished sympathy Jane Birkin on Serge Gainsbourg BBC 20 June 2017 Archived from the original on 12 June 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2022 Willsher Kim 20 July 2016 Smokers fume as France mulls ban on too cool Gitanes and Gauloises The Guardian Nuc Oliver 29 February 2016 Gainsbourg est en train de remplacer Trenet ou Brassens Le Figaro in French Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 14 March 2022 Sweeney Philip 16 April 2006 Serge Gainsbourg Filthy French The Independent Archived from the original on 21 July 2017 Retrieved 11 April 2022 a b Stephen Thomas Erlewine 2 March 2016 25 Modern Songs Inspired by Serge Gainsbourg Pitchfork Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 11 April 2022 Weiner Jonah 3 May 2018 Arctic Monkeys Start Over Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 1 December 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2022 Allen Jeremy 19 January 2017 Jeremy Allen On Mick Harvey s Intoxicated Women The Quietus Retrieved 11 April 2022 Grelard Philippe 27 February 2021 30 years later Serge Gainsbourg still a global influence The Times of Israel Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2022 Holman Rachel 3 March 2013 Twenty years on Gainsbourg remains France s favourite enfant terrible France 24 Archived from the original on 6 March 2021 Retrieved 10 November 2015 Frederic Sanchez who curated Gainsbourg 2008 in Paris describes him as one of the most important artists of the 20th century Litchfield John 23 October 2011 Je t aime again The French love affair with Serge Gainsbourg The Independent Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 10 November 2015 The curator of the exhibition Frederic Sanchez describes the choice of Gainsbourg as a consecration and an apotheosis Scott A O 30 August 2011 Gainsbourg A Heroic Life by Joann Sfar Review The New York Times Retrieved 11 April 2022 Andersen Nick 2 August 2011 Gainsbourg A Heroic Life Trailer Premieres The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 11 April 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link YouTube Video how can you fall in love with a guy who doesn t know Gainsbourg by My Little Airport YouTube Sources Edit Simmons Sylvie 2001 Serge Gainsbourg A Fistful of Gitanes London Helter Skelter Publishing ISBN 1 900924 28 5 Clayson Alan 1998 Serge Gainsbourg View From The Exterior London Sancuary ISBN 978 1 86074 222 4 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Serge Gainsbourg in French Serge Gainsbourg official site Serge Gainsbourg at IMDb Serge Gainsbourg discography at Discogs Portals Music France Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Serge Gainsbourg amp oldid 1129040743, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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