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Wikipedia

Microsoft Edge

November 13, 2023

Microsoft Edge (or simply Edge) is a proprietary, cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft. It was first released in 2015 as part of Windows 10 and Xbox One. It was initially built with Microsoft's own proprietary browser engine, EdgeHTML, and their Chakra JavaScript engine.[8] Later on, it got ported to other platforms as a fork of Google's Chromium open-source project: Android and iOS.[9][10] In late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium-based[11][12] browser with Blink and V8 engines which allows the browser to be ported to macOS. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020,[13][14] and on Xbox platforms in 2021.[15][16] Microsoft has since terminated security support for the original browser (now referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy),[17] The new Edge is also available on older Windows versions (Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 and later were supported until early 2023),[18][19] And most recently it also got ported to Linux.[20][21]

Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge on Windows 11
Original author(s)Microsoft
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseJuly 29, 2015; 8 years ago (2015-07-29)
Stable release(s)
Android118.0.2088.66[1]  / 30 October 2023
iOS118.0.2088.81[2]  / 1 November 2023
Linux119.0.2151.44[3]  / 2 November 2023
macOS119.0.2151.44[3]  / 2 November 2023
Windows119.0.2151.44[3]  / 2 November 2023
Preview release(s) [±]
Beta119.0.2151.44 / November 2, 2023; 8 days ago (2023-11-02)[4]
Dev120.0.2186.2 / November 2023; 0 months ago (2023-11)
Canary120.0.2209.0 / November 8, 2023; 2 days ago (2023-11-08)
Written inC++
Engines
Operating systemAndroid
iOS
macOS 10.13 or later
Windows 10, Windows Server 2012 or later
Linux (specifically Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and openSUSE distributions)
PlatformIA-32
x86-64
ARM32
ARM64
Included withWindows 10
Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 11
Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S system software
PredecessorInternet Explorer
LicenseProprietary software, based on an open source project[7][note 1]
Websitewww.microsoft.com/en-us/edge

Although it was created as the successor to Internet Explorer (IE). Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed.[22] In Windows 11, Edge is the default web browser, as well as the only browser available from Microsoft (for compatibility[23][24] with Google Chrome).[25] However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode," aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.[26]

In May 2022, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the second most popular browser in the world, overtaking Apple's Safari (in some countries, such as the United States, Edge is the 3rd most popular, where it has a 14% share, slightly behind Safari's 16% share). As of September 2022, Edge is used by 11% of PCs worldwide.[27]

Features edit

Microsoft Edge is the default web browser on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows 11, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X and Series S consoles, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile.[28] As its development and release is dependent on the model of Windows as a service, it is not included in Windows 10 Enterprise Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) builds.[29][30][31]

Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy MSHTML (Trident) browser engine for backward compatibility, but later said that, due to "strong feedback," Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine.[32] The developer toolset of the EdgeHTML-based versions featured an option to emulate the rendering behaviour ("document mode") of Internet Explorer versions 5 to 11.[33][34]

Favorites, reading list, browsing history and downloads are viewed at the Hub,[35] a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer's Downloads manager and Favorites Center.[36]

Edge features a built-in PDF reader,[37] and supports WebAssembly. Until January 2021, Edge also featured an integrated Adobe Flash Player (with an internal whitelist allowing Flash applets on Facebook websites to load automatically, bypassing all other security controls requiring user activation).[38]

Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects, instead it uses an extension system.[6][39][40]

Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed.[22] It remained identical to the Windows 8.1 version and did not use the Edge engine as was previously announced.[6][28][39] In Windows 11, Edge became the only browser available from Microsoft. However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode," aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.[26]

Edge integrates with Microsoft's online platforms to provide voice control, search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive,[41] and can save HTML and MHTML pages to their computers. It also integrates with the "Reading List" function and provides a "Reading Mode" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility.[41] Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen.[42]

Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291, three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns.[43] As of December 2022, there are more than 9,000 extensions—called add-ons—available for Edge.[44]

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge, revamping the user interface with Fluent Design, along with adding a Bing Chat (soon to be Microsoft Copilot) button, which replaces the Discover button.[45]

HTML5 standards edit

Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus, but these were later added in Edge 14.14291.[46]

As of June 2017, Edge 17 had scored 492/555 on HTML5test.[47]

Release strategy edit

Microsoft Edge Legacy's release cadence was tied to the Windows 10 release cycle and used the Windows Insider Program to preview new versions of the browser. These pre-release builds were known as "Edge Preview". Every major release of Windows included an updated version of Edge and its render engine.

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds, for those channels, of the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels".[48] As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases.

Surf (video game) edit

Main article: Surf (video game)

In May 2020, an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf, a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect powerups. Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game, Surf is accessible from the browser's offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge://surf into the address bar. The game features three game modes (classic, time trial, and slalom), has character customization, and supports keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad controls.[49][50] Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree.[51][52]

In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree. Instead of surfing, the player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti.[53]

Development edit

Edge Legacy (2014–2019) edit

 
Microsoft Edge logo, used from July 29, 2015 to November 1, 2019
 
A screenshot of the Edge Legacy browser, opened to the Wikipedia homepage.

In December 2014, writing for ZDNet, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed "Spartan" for Windows 10. She said that "Spartan" would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer, with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility.[54]

In early January 2015, The Verge obtained further details surrounding "Spartan" from sources close to Microsoft, including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both the desktop and mobile versions of Windows 10.[55] Microsoft officially unveiled "Spartan" during a Windows 10-focused keynote on January 21, 2015.[41] It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer, its final name was not announced.[56]

"Spartan" was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049, released on March 30, 2015.[57] The new engine used by "Spartan" was available in Windows 10 builds as part of Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows 10 and would not use the "Spartan" engine.[28][58]

On April 29, 2015, during the Build Conference keynote, it was announced that "Spartan" would officially be known as Microsoft Edge.[59] The browser's logo and branding were designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer.[60] The Project "Spartan" branding was used in versions released after Build 2015. On June 25, 2015, Microsoft released version 19.10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand. On June 28, 2015, version 20.10158 followed for the desktop versions, also including the updated branding. On July 15, 2015, Microsoft released version 20.10240 as the final release to Insiders. The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29, 2015.

On August 12, 2015, Microsoft started the preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge. They released version 20.10512 to Mobile users. 6 days later followed by version 20.10525 for desktop users. The preview received multiple updates. On November 5, 2015, Microsoft released version 25.10586 as the final release for Edge's second public release for desktop users. On November 12, 2015, the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of the New Xbox Experience Update. On November 18, 2015, the update was to Windows 10 Mobile. Finally, on November 19, 2015, the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4.[61]

In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS. The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows 10 PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports do not use the same layout engine as the desktop version and instead use OS-native WebKit-based engines.[62][63][5]

In April 2018, Edge added tab audio muting.[64] In June 2018, support for the Web Authentication specifications were added to Windows Insider builds, with support for Windows Hello and external security tokens.[65][66]

Microsoft stopped supporting Microsoft Edge Legacy on March 9, 2021.[67][68] On April 13, 2021, Microsoft released a cumulative monthly security update which replaced Edge Legacy with the new Edge.[69]

EdgeHTML edit

Main article: EdgeHTML

EdgeHTML is the proprietary browser engine originally developed for Edge. It is a fork of MSHTML (Trident) with all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer removed, with the majority of its source code rewritten to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers.[70][71] EdgeHTML is written in C++.[72]

The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build.[73]

EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari, Chrome, and other browsers. Microsoft stated their original acceptance criteria: "Any Edge–WebKit differences are bugs that we’re interested in fixing."[74]

A review of the engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over MSHTML (Trident), particularly its new Chakra JavaScript engine performance, which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome.[75] Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.[76]

Edge Legacy release history edit

Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release

New Edge (2019–present) edit

Codenamed "Anaheim", on December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code, using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for Windows 7, Windows 8, and macOS, plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis.[91][92] According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one.[93]

 
Microsoft Edge running on macOS

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public.[94] On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform.[95] The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Microsoft Internet Explorer for Mac, which was withdrawn in January 2006.

On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit, an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility.[96] On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on both Windows 7 and Windows 8 for testing.[97] On August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and macOS.[98] August 2019 also saw the removal of support for the EPUB file format.[99] At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo.[100]

The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users.[101][102] The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows 7 and 8.1 users via Windows Update.[103]

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020.[20] This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development.[104][105] The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020.[21]

Full support for the new Edge on Windows 7 was scheduled to end on January 15, 2022, but was later extended to January 15, 2023. The last version of Edge on Windows 7 is version 109.0.[106][107]

On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge, coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox. There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer.[108]

New Edge release history edit

Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release

Performance edit

Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine—included in the first beta release of Edge in Windows 10[145] Build 10049—had drastically better JavaScript performance due to the new Chakra than MSHTML (Trident) 7 using the older Chakra in Internet Explorer 11, with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed faster than other browsers,[146] while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.[147]

Later benchmarks conducted with the version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049. According to Microsoft's benchmark result, this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and Apple's Jetstream benchmark.[148]

In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on the HTML5test. Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively, while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312.[149]

In August 2015, Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders, which included Edge 21.10532.0. This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test.[150]

In July 2016, with the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders, the HTML5 test score of the browser's development version was 460 out of 555 points. Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored 456, and Safari 9.1 scored 370.[citation needed]

Power efficiency edit

In June 2016, Microsoft published benchmark results to prove the superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers.[151] Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top.[152] Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft's results.[153] However, tests conducted by Linus Sebastian in June 2017 instead showed that, at that time, Chrome had the best battery performance.[154]

Privacy edit

Edge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default, although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer.[155]

Reception edit

In an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar, Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance, despite not being in a feature-complete state at launch.[156] Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the browser for being "tremendously promising" and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was" but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch.[157] Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack of user friendliness, poor design and a tab system that is "so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release". He described the browser's implemented features as "some sort of cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating doesn't even begin to describe it".[158]

Data from August 2015, a few weeks after release, showed that user uptake of Edge was low, with only 2% of overall computer users using the new browser. Among Windows 10 users, usage peaked at 20% and then dropped to 14% through August 2015.[159]

In October 2015, a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user's profile directory, theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited. The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016,[160] and was fixed with a cumulative update on February 9, 2016.[161]

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's engine has faced mixed reception. The move increases the consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers. For this reason, the move has attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine.[162][163]

According to Douglas J. Leith, a computer science professor from Trinity College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers. He explained, "from a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied. Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device. Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft, a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted."[164] In response, a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product.[165]

In June 2020, users criticized newly released Windows 7, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10 updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission. Microsoft responded by stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission, then Edge will delete the imported data. However, if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import, then the already imported data will not be cleared.[166][167] The Verge called these "spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first run experience" a "dark pattern".[168]

Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs accessed via system search functions to Edge, deliberately ignoring the user's choice of default browser. In November 2021, a patch was released to frustrate a workaround employed by the third-party tool "EdgeDeflector", with a Microsoft spokesperson stating that search in the Windows shell is an "end-to-end customer experience" that is not designed to be modified.[169] The developer of EdgeDeflector, Daniel Aleksandersen, called this "clearly a user-hostile move that sees Windows compromise its own product usability in order to make it more difficult to use competing products."[170]

In November 2021, Microsoft announced that it would display integrated advertising for the buy now, pay later service Zip Pay in Edge during online purchases eligible for financing via the service,[171][172] and allow users to link their Microsoft account to expedite registration for the service. Microsoft claims that it "does not collect a fee for connecting users to loan providers."[171] This decision was met with criticism from users and the press, arguing that the feature was added bloat.[171][172]

Chrome download controversy edit

In December 2021, Microsoft began testing the display of in-browser prompts on the Google Chrome website to discourage downloading the browser.[173][174] Similar prompts intended to discourage Google Chrome downloads also appear when searching for "Chrome" or "browser" on Microsoft Bing search engine.[175] In February 2023, users reported seeing large banner advertisements for Microsoft Edge on the Chrome download page, a move that was criticized for deceptively altering part of Google's official website.[176] In October 2023, Microsoft began testing the display of a sidebar containing a survey related to Chrome when the browser is downloaded.[177]

Market share edit

Further information: Usage share of web browsers
Desktop/laptop browser statistics
Google Chrome
 
 66.39%
Microsoft Edge
 
 11.09%
Safari
 
 9.33%
Mozilla Firefox
 
 6.87%
Opera
 
 3.42%
360 Safe
 
 0.92%
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for January 2023[178]

According to StatCounter, in August 2019, Edge overtook the market share of Internet Explorer (IE) on PCs, ranking third place at 9.14%[179] and IE in sixth. Mobile versions of Edge exist for Android and iOS, however, they have little to no market share. On Microsoft consoles, Edge replaced IE as the dominant browser a few months after its release in 2015.[180] Market share varies by region. On some days of the week, Edge takes second place with a 10.02% share in the US on PC, and Firefox and Edge have a very similar share globally, switching places for second and third depending on the day.[181][182][183] For example, in March 2020, Edge ranked second with a market share of 7.59%, overtaking Firefox, which had 7.19% of the market share.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Edge's WebKit & Blink layout engines and its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and open-source software, while its other components are each either open-source or proprietary.

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Weber, Jason (January 22, 2015). "Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog. Microsoft.

External links edit

  • Official website  
  • Official website for preview builds of Chromium-based Microsoft Edge
  • Microsoft Edge Team (April 22, 2020). "Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent". GitHub.
  • "Microsoft Edge open source projects - demos, tools, data". GitHub.
  • "Incognito mode in old IE (and other browsers)". WikiHow (in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian). May 25, 2018.

November 13, 2023
microsoft, edge, simply, edge, proprietary, cross, platform, browser, created, microsoft, first, released, 2015, part, windows, xbox, initially, built, with, microsoft, proprietary, browser, engine, edgehtml, their, chakra, javascript, engine, later, ported, o. Microsoft Edge or simply Edge is a proprietary cross platform web browser created by Microsoft It was first released in 2015 as part of Windows 10 and Xbox One It was initially built with Microsoft s own proprietary browser engine EdgeHTML and their Chakra JavaScript engine 8 Later on it got ported to other platforms as a fork of Google s Chromium open source project Android and iOS 9 10 In late 2018 Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium based 11 12 browser with Blink and V8 engines which allows the browser to be ported to macOS The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020 13 14 and on Xbox platforms in 2021 15 16 Microsoft has since terminated security support for the original browser now referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy 17 The new Edge is also available on older Windows versions Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 and later were supported until early 2023 18 19 And most recently it also got ported to Linux 20 21 Microsoft EdgeMicrosoft Edge on Windows 11Original author s MicrosoftDeveloper s MicrosoftInitial releaseJuly 29 2015 8 years ago 2015 07 29 Stable release s Android118 0 2088 66 1 30 October 2023iOS118 0 2088 81 2 1 November 2023Linux119 0 2151 44 3 2 November 2023macOS119 0 2151 44 3 2 November 2023Windows119 0 2151 44 3 2 November 2023Preview release s Beta119 0 2151 44 November 2 2023 8 days ago 2023 11 02 4 Dev120 0 2186 2 November 2023 0 months ago 2023 11 Canary120 0 2209 0 November 8 2023 2 days ago 2023 11 08 Written inC EnginesAndroid Blink 5 iOS iPadOS WebKit 5 macOS Blink Microsoft Windows EdgeHTML 2014 2019 6 Blink 2019 present Linux Blink Xbox One EdgeHTML until 2021 Blink from 2021 Xbox Series X S EdgeHTML until 2021 Blink from 2021 Operating systemAndroidiOSmacOS 10 13 or laterWindows 10 Windows Server 2012 or laterLinux specifically Ubuntu Debian Fedora and openSUSE distributions PlatformIA 32x86 64ARM32ARM64Included withWindows 10Windows 10 MobileWindows 11Xbox One and Xbox Series X S system softwarePredecessorInternet ExplorerLicenseProprietary software based on an open source project 7 note 1 Websitewww wbr microsoft wbr com wbr en us wbr edgeAlthough it was created as the successor to Internet Explorer IE Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility until 2023 when it was removed 22 In Windows 11 Edge is the default web browser as well as the only browser available from Microsoft for compatibility 23 24 with Google Chrome 25 However it includes an Internet Explorer mode aimed at fixing compatibility issues it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies 26 In May 2022 according to StatCounter Microsoft Edge became the second most popular browser in the world overtaking Apple s Safari in some countries such as the United States Edge is the 3rd most popular where it has a 14 share slightly behind Safari s 16 share As of September 2022 update Edge is used by 11 of PCs worldwide 27 Contents 1 Features 1 1 HTML5 standards 1 2 Release strategy 1 3 Surf video game 2 Development 2 1 Edge Legacy 2014 2019 2 1 1 EdgeHTML 2 1 2 Edge Legacy release history 2 2 New Edge 2019 present 2 2 1 New Edge release history 3 Performance 3 1 Power efficiency 4 Privacy 5 Reception 5 1 Chrome download controversy 5 2 Market share 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksFeatures editMicrosoft Edge is the default web browser on Windows 10 Windows 10 Mobile Windows 11 Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S consoles replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile 28 As its development and release is dependent on the model of Windows as a service it is not included in Windows 10 Enterprise Long Term Servicing Channel LTSC builds 29 30 31 Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy MSHTML Trident browser engine for backward compatibility but later said that due to strong feedback Edge would use a new engine while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine 32 The developer toolset of the EdgeHTML based versions featured an option to emulate the rendering behaviour document mode of Internet Explorer versions 5 to 11 33 34 Favorites reading list browsing history and downloads are viewed at the Hub 35 a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer s Downloads manager and Favorites Center 36 Edge features a built in PDF reader 37 and supports WebAssembly Until January 2021 Edge also featured an integrated Adobe Flash Player with an internal whitelist allowing Flash applets on Facebook websites to load automatically bypassing all other security controls requiring user activation 38 Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects instead it uses an extension system 6 39 40 Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility until 2023 when it was removed 22 It remained identical to the Windows 8 1 version and did not use the Edge engine as was previously announced 6 28 39 In Windows 11 Edge became the only browser available from Microsoft However it includes an Internet Explorer mode aimed at fixing compatibility issues it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies 26 Edge integrates with Microsoft s online platforms to provide voice control search functionality and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive 41 and can save HTML and MHTML pages to their computers It also integrates with the Reading List function and provides a Reading Mode that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility 41 Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen 42 Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016 with build 14291 three extensions were initially supported Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns 43 As of December 2022 there are more than 9 000 extensions called add ons available for Edge 44 On February 7 2023 Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge revamping the user interface with Fluent Design along with adding a Bing Chat soon to be Microsoft Copilot button which replaces the Discover button 45 HTML5 standards edit Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus but these were later added in Edge 14 14291 46 As of June 2017 update Edge 17 had scored 492 555 on HTML5test 47 Release strategy edit Microsoft Edge Legacy s release cadence was tied to the Windows 10 release cycle and used the Windows Insider Program to preview new versions of the browser These pre release builds were known as Edge Preview Every major release of Windows included an updated version of Edge and its render engine On April 8 2019 Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels Canary Dev Beta and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds for those channels of the new Edge Microsoft collectively calls the Canary Dev and Beta channels the Microsoft Edge insider channels 48 As a result Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks closely following Chromium version releases Surf video game edit Main article Surf video game In May 2020 an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect powerups Similar to Google Chrome s Dinosaur Game Surf is accessible from the browser s offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge surf into the address bar The game features three game modes classic time trial and slalom has character customization and supports keyboard mouse touch and gamepad controls 49 50 Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree 51 52 In 2021 Surf was updated with limited time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree Instead of surfing the player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti 53 Development editEdge Legacy 2014 2019 edit nbsp Microsoft Edge logo used from July 29 2015 to November 1 2019 nbsp A screenshot of the Edge Legacy browser opened to the Wikipedia homepage In December 2014 writing for ZDNet technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed Spartan for Windows 10 She said that Spartan would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility 54 In early January 2015 The Verge obtained further details surrounding Spartan from sources close to Microsoft including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both the desktop and mobile versions of Windows 10 55 Microsoft officially unveiled Spartan during a Windows 10 focused keynote on January 21 2015 41 It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer its final name was not announced 56 Spartan was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049 released on March 30 2015 57 The new engine used by Spartan was available in Windows 10 builds as part of Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows 10 and would not use the Spartan engine 28 58 On April 29 2015 during the Build Conference keynote it was announced that Spartan would officially be known as Microsoft Edge 59 The browser s logo and branding were designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer 60 The Project Spartan branding was used in versions released after Build 2015 On June 25 2015 Microsoft released version 19 10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand On June 28 2015 version 20 10158 followed for the desktop versions also including the updated branding On July 15 2015 Microsoft released version 20 10240 as the final release to Insiders The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29 2015 On August 12 2015 Microsoft started the preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge They released version 20 10512 to Mobile users 6 days later followed by version 20 10525 for desktop users The preview received multiple updates On November 5 2015 Microsoft released version 25 10586 as the final release for Edge s second public release for desktop users On November 12 2015 the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of the New Xbox Experience Update On November 18 2015 the update was to Windows 10 Mobile Finally on November 19 2015 the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4 61 In November 2017 Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows 10 PCs Due to platform restrictions and other factors these ports do not use the same layout engine as the desktop version and instead use OS native WebKit based engines 62 63 5 In April 2018 Edge added tab audio muting 64 In June 2018 support for the Web Authentication specifications were added to Windows Insider builds with support for Windows Hello and external security tokens 65 66 Microsoft stopped supporting Microsoft Edge Legacy on March 9 2021 67 68 On April 13 2021 Microsoft released a cumulative monthly security update which replaced Edge Legacy with the new Edge 69 EdgeHTML edit Main article EdgeHTML EdgeHTML is the proprietary browser engine originally developed for Edge It is a fork of MSHTML Trident with all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer removed with the majority of its source code rewritten to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers 70 71 EdgeHTML is written in C 72 The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build 73 EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari Chrome and other browsers Microsoft stated their original acceptance criteria Any Edge WebKit differences are bugs that we re interested in fixing 74 A review of the engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over MSHTML Trident particularly its new Chakra JavaScript engine performance which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome 75 Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox 76 Edge Legacy release history edit Legend Old version not maintained Older version still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future releaseVersion Browser engine Release date s HighlightsOld version no longer maintained 20 10240 77 EdgeHTML 12 10240 July 15 2015 First public release initial release for PC Support for PDFs Pinnable Hub with Favorites Download manager Reading List and History New Tab page with MSN news and search bar Support for inking on webpages Cortana Integration Reading View Dark theme Performance improvements 78 Old version no longer maintained 25 10586 79 EdgeHTML 13 10586 November 5 2015 Initial release on Windows 10 Mobile and Xbox One Improved render engine with Pointer Lock support canvas blending modes asm js support by default and more Object RTC API 80 Improved tab management Tabs can now be previewed by hovering over them Reading list items and favorites are now synced Updated Settings pane Hub options are now available in the ellipses menu Media Casting Cortana Integration with PDFsOld version no longer maintained 38 14393 citation needed EdgeHTML 14 14393 August 2 2016 Initial release on Windows Holographic Experimental support for VP9 Context menu for navigation buttons Improved favorites management Improved download management Pinned tab support added Ability to copy and paste links in Microsoft Edge added Download reminders Default save locations can be changed Favorite Tree View improvements Experimental JavaScript ES6 Regex symbols support New Web Platform features Improved F12 developer tools Improved accessibility Swipe gestures to navigate back and forward Support for Beacon Web Notifications and Fetch API Official support for browser extensions WOFF 2 fonts Support for Color Fonts formats sbix OpenType SVG COLR CPAL CBDT CBLC Old version no longer maintained 40 15063 81 82 EdgeHTML 15 15063 April 11 2017 Added CTRL O keyboard shortcut to set focus to the address bar Partial implementation of Webkit Text Stroke and CSS outline offset Ability to use Snooze to put a website in a Cortana Reminder to make it show up in the Action Center Ability to import and export favorites from and to a file Improved ES6 Modules debugging in F12 Developer Tools H 264 AVC became enabled by default for RTC Support for WebRTC 1 0 and Service Workers behind flags Added support for the EPUB file format The Snooze feature has been removed Icons of pages in the hub became larger Console filter settings will persist for buttons and context menu Support for the Brotli compressed data format as an HTTP content encoding method Updated the MS prefixed FIDO 2 0 implementation to match the latest W3C Web Authentication specification Partial support for CSS Custom Properties aka CSS Variables Preliminary support for the IntersectionObserver API Async await is enabled by default DOM performance improvements Advanced Tab Management Added support for EPUB PDF read aloudOld version no longer maintained 40 15254 603 83 EdgeHTML 15 15254 January 14 2020 Latest release on Windows 10 MobileOld version no longer maintained 41 16299 84 85 EdgeHTML 16 16299 September 26 2017 WebAssembly now enabled by defaultOld version no longer maintained 42 17134 86 87 EdgeHTML 17 17134 April 30 2018 Support for Progressive Web Apps CSS transforms on SVG elements Support for Notification APIOld version no longer maintained 44 17763 88 89 EdgeHTML 18 17763 November 13 2018 Support for Autoplay Policies CSS masking overflow wrap and overscroll behavior support Improvements to Developer Tools WebP image format support Web Authentication API support High quality kerning pairs and ligatures Promise prototype finally support Remove support for EPUB e books 90 Old version no longer maintained 44 18362 citation needed EdgeHTML 18 18362 May 21 2019Old version no longer maintained 44 18363 citation needed EdgeHTML 18 18363 November 12 2019Old version no longer maintained 44 19041 citation needed EdgeHTML 18 19041 May 27 2020New Edge 2019 present edit Codenamed Anaheim on December 6 2018 Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for Windows 7 Windows 8 and macOS plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis 91 92 According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in house rendering engine with an open source one 93 nbsp Microsoft Edge running on macOSOn April 8 2019 the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public 94 On May 20 2019 the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform 95 The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Microsoft Internet Explorer for Mac which was withdrawn in January 2006 On June 18 2019 IAmA post on Reddit an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future but no work had actually started on that possibility 96 On June 19 2019 Microsoft made Edge available on both Windows 7 and Windows 8 for testing 97 On August 20 2019 Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 10 and macOS 98 August 2019 also saw the removal of support for the EPUB file format 99 At Microsoft Ignite Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo 100 The new Edge was released on January 15 2020 and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users 101 102 The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows 7 and 8 1 users via Windows Update 103 On September 22 2020 Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020 20 This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development 104 105 The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20 2020 21 Full support for the new Edge on Windows 7 was scheduled to end on January 15 2022 but was later extended to January 15 2023 The last version of Edge on Windows 7 is version 109 0 106 107 On April 29 2022 Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer 108 New Edge release history edit Legend Old version not maintained Older version still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future releaseVersion Browser engine Release date s HighlightsOld version no longer maintained 79 0 309 109 110 Blink 79 January 15 2020 Initial release of the Chromium based version Support for Windows 7 8 and 8 1 Windows Server 2008 R2 2012 2012 R2 2016 and 2019 and macOSOld version no longer maintained 80 0 361 111 Blink 80 February 7 2020 Added native support for ARM processors The address bar now shows when a website is using the microphone and camera Added warnings for potentially dangerous downloads Extensions will now show their publisher Added support for restoring sessions of websites that have been installed as apps after an update or crash Added an option to the context menu to sort favorite folders by name Added a new setting to always use Strict Tracking Prevention inside InPrivate windows Extensions that influence the browser s appearance can now be installed from the Chrome Web Store Added support for importing Firefox browser historyOld version no longer maintained 81 0 416 112 Blink 81 April 13 2020 Added keyboard shortcuts to access Read Aloud and Immersive Reader Added the option to hide the Collections button Improved favorites management with tools to remove duplicate favorites A message will show when another app installs an extension within Microsoft Edge Added support for Windows built in spellchecker Added support for using cards that have been saved in MSPay to be used on webpages Added support for Dolby Vision Added support for Microsoft Information Protection enabled PDFs Added 3D viewer in the F12 Developer Tools Added a setting to enable or disable automatic profile switching A dialog shows whenever a new data type is available to sync The InPrivate button now uses a blue background PDF Improvements Added support for highlighting text in a PDF Added support for web optimized PDFs that are downloaded one page at a time as they are being viewed Added a page to settings informing users on how to install Microsoft Edge on their smartphoneOld version no longer maintained 83 0 478 113 Blink 83 May 21 2020 Future updates will roll out gradually to protect users from accidental buggy updates Improvements to Microsoft Defender SmartScreen Added the ability to exempt certain cookies from automatically clearing when the browser closes Added Automatic Profile Switching Collections improvements The user can now drag and drop to add an item to a collection without opening the collection Users can now add multiple items to a collection at once Users can add all tabs in an Edge window into a new collection without adding them individually Extensions from both the Microsoft and Chrome Stores will synchronize with Microsoft Edge on all the user s devices Improved message on the Downloads management page for insecure downloads that have been blocked Immersive Reader improvements Added support for Adverbs in the Parts of Speech experience in Immersive Reader Added the ability to select any content on a webpage and open it in Immersive Reader This enables users to use the Immersive Reader and all the Learning Tools such as Line Focus and Read Aloud across all websites Link doctor provides host correction and a search query to users when they mistype a URL Allowed users to save their decision to launch an external protocol for a specific site Users can set Microsoft Edge as their default browser directly from Microsoft Edge Settings instead of having to search through the operating system settings Several DevTools updates including new remote debugging support UI improvements and more MCAS Microsoft Cloud Access Security warn scenario is now availableOld version no longer maintained 84 0 522 114 Blink 84 July 16 2020 Reduced download delay for Internet Explorer mode site list to 0 seconds down from 60 seconds in the absence of a cached site list Also added group policy support for cases when Internet Explorer mode home page navigations needs to be delayed until the site list is downloaded Allowed users to sign into the browser when Microsoft Edge is run as administrator on Windows 10 This will help customers running Microsoft Edge on a Windows server or in remote desktop and sandbox scenarios Added full mouse support when in full screen mode You can now use your mouse to access tabs the address bar and other items without having to exit full screen mode Added a custom nickname option to saved debit or credit cards making it easier to distinguish and differentiate cards when making online purchases Giving nicknames to cards lets the user choose the correct card when using autofill to select a payment method TLS 1 0 and TLS 1 1 are disabled by default To help discover impacted sites you can set the edge flags display legacy tls warnings flag to cause Microsoft Edge to display a non blocking Not Secure notice when loading pages that require legacy TLS protocols The SSLVersionMin policy permits re enabling of TLS 1 0 and TLS 1 1 This policy will remain available until at least Microsoft Edge version 88 Collections improvements Added a note capability allowing you to add a note or comment to an item in a collection Added background color of notes in collections Color coding can help organize information and increase productivity Improved performance when exporting collections to Excel Storage Access API support which allows access to first party storage in a third party context when a user provides a direct intent to allow storage that would otherwise be blocked by the browser s current configuration Native File System API support which allows sites can be given permission to edit files or folders via the Native File System API PDF improvements Added Read Aloud for PDF When saving an edit made to a PDF it can be sent back to the original file instead of a copy Added an option to translate in Immersive Reader DevTools now supports customizing keyboard shortcuts to match any editor IDE which includes VS CodeOld version no longer maintained 85 0 564 115 Blink 85 August 27 2020 On premises synchronization of Favorites and Settings Group policy support for trusting site app combos to launch without a confirmation prompt PDF Highlighter tool Storage Access API Send to OneNote is available for Edge Collections DevTools updates Surface Duo emulation VS Code keyboard shortcutsOld version no longer maintained 86 0 622 116 Blink 86 October 9 2020Old version no longer maintained 87 0 664 117 Blink 87 November 19 2020Old version no longer maintained 88 0 705 118 Blink 88 January 21 2021Old version no longer maintained 89 0 774 119 Blink 89 March 4 2021Old version no longer maintained 90 0 818 120 Blink 90 April 15 2021Old version no longer maintained 91 0 864 121 Blink 91 May 27 2021Old version no longer maintained 92 0 902 122 Blink 92 July 22 2021Old version no longer maintained 93 0 961 123 Blink 93 September 2 2021Old version no longer maintained 94 0 992 124 Blink 94 September 24 2021Old version no longer maintained 95 0 1020 125 Blink 95 October 21 2021Old version no longer maintained 96 0 1054 126 Blink 96 January 6 2022Old version no longer maintained 97 0 1072 127 Blink 97 January 20 2022Old version no longer maintained 98 0 1108 128 Blink 98 February 3 2022Old version no longer maintained 99 0 1150 129 Blink 99 March 3 2022Old version no longer maintained 100 0 1185 130 Blink 100 April 1 2022Old version no longer maintained 101 0 1210 131 Blink 101 April 28 2022Old version no longer maintained 102 0 1245 132 Blink 102 May 31 2022Old version no longer maintained 103 0 1264 133 Blink 103 June 23 2022Old version no longer maintained 104 0 1293 134 Blink 104 August 5 2022Old version no longer maintained 105 0 1343 135 Blink 105 September 1 2022Old version no longer maintained 106 0 1370 136 Blink 106 October 3 2022Old version no longer maintained 107 0 1418 137 Blink 107 October 27 2022Old version no longer maintained 108 0 1462 138 Blink 108 December 5 2022Old version no longer maintained 109 0 1518 139 Blink 109 January 12 2023 Last Supported version for Windows 7 8 and 8 1 Windows Server 2008 R2 2012 and 2012 R2 Old version no longer maintained 110 0 1587 140 Blink 110 February 9 2023 Drops Support for Windows 7 8 and 8 1 Windows Server 2008 R2 2012 and 2012 R2 Old version no longer maintained 111 0 1661 141 Blink 111 March 13 2023Old version no longer maintained 112 0 1722 142 Blink 112 April 6 2023Old version no longer maintained 113 0 1774 143 Blink 113 May 5 2023 Improvements to downloads security Improvements to enhanced security mode Switch from Microsoft Autoupdate to EdgeUpdater for macOS New policy for PDF View Settings Updated Microsoft Root Store policyCurrent stable version 114 0 1823 144 Blink 114 June 2 2023 Added Edge WorkspacesLatest preview version of a future release 115 0 1901 Blink 115 N A Current Beta ChannelLatest preview version of a future release 115 0 1901 Blink 115 N A Current Dev ChannelLatest preview version of a future release 116 0 1917 Blink 115 N A Current Canary ChannelFuture release 117 0 Blink 117 N APerformance editEarly benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine included in the first beta release of Edge in Windows 10 145 Build 10049 had drastically better JavaScript performance due to the new Chakra than MSHTML Trident 7 using the older Chakra in Internet Explorer 11 with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37 In the SunSpider benchmark Edge performed faster than other browsers 146 while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox and Opera 147 Later benchmarks conducted with the version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049 According to Microsoft s benchmark result this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google s Octane 2 0 and Apple s Jetstream benchmark 148 In July 2015 Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on the HTML5test Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312 149 In August 2015 Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders which included Edge 21 10532 0 This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test 150 In July 2016 with the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders the HTML5 test score of the browser s development version was 460 out of 555 points Chrome 51 scored 497 Firefox 47 scored 456 and Safari 9 1 scored 370 citation needed Power efficiency edit In June 2016 Microsoft published benchmark results to prove the superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers 151 Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top 152 Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft s results 153 However tests conducted by Linus Sebastian in June 2017 instead showed that at that time Chrome had the best battery performance 154 Privacy editEdge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer 155 Reception editIn an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance despite not being in a feature complete state at launch 156 Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the browser for being tremendously promising and a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch 157 Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar lack of user friendliness poor design and a tab system that is so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release He described the browser s implemented features as some sort of cosmic joke saying that infuriating doesn t even begin to describe it 158 Data from August 2015 a few weeks after release showed that user uptake of Edge was low with only 2 of overall computer users using the new browser Among Windows 10 users usage peaked at 20 and then dropped to 14 through August 2015 159 In October 2015 a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge s InPrivate mode causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user s profile directory theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016 160 and was fixed with a cumulative update on February 9 2016 161 Microsoft s switch to Blink as Edge s engine has faced mixed reception The move increases the consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers For this reason the move has attracted criticism as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine 162 163 According to Douglas J Leith a computer science professor from Trinity College Dublin Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers He explained from a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted 164 In response a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product 165 In June 2020 users criticized newly released Windows 7 Windows 8 1 and Windows 10 updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission Microsoft responded by stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission then Edge will delete the imported data However if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import then the already imported data will not be cleared 166 167 The Verge called these spyware tactics and called Edge s first run experience a dark pattern 168 Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs accessed via system search functions to Edge deliberately ignoring the user s choice of default browser In November 2021 a patch was released to frustrate a workaround employed by the third party tool EdgeDeflector with a Microsoft spokesperson stating that search in the Windows shell is an end to end customer experience that is not designed to be modified 169 The developer of EdgeDeflector Daniel Aleksandersen called this clearly a user hostile move that sees Windows compromise its own product usability in order to make it more difficult to use competing products 170 In November 2021 Microsoft announced that it would display integrated advertising for the buy now pay later service Zip Pay in Edge during online purchases eligible for financing via the service 171 172 and allow users to link their Microsoft account to expedite registration for the service Microsoft claims that it does not collect a fee for connecting users to loan providers 171 This decision was met with criticism from users and the press arguing that the feature was added bloat 171 172 Chrome download controversy edit In December 2021 Microsoft began testing the display of in browser prompts on the Google Chrome website to discourage downloading the browser 173 174 Similar prompts intended to discourage Google Chrome downloads also appear when searching for Chrome or browser on Microsoft Bing search engine 175 In February 2023 users reported seeing large banner advertisements for Microsoft Edge on the Chrome download page a move that was criticized for deceptively altering part of Google s official website 176 In October 2023 Microsoft began testing the display of a sidebar containing a survey related to Chrome when the browser is downloaded 177 Market share edit Further information Usage share of web browsers Desktop laptop browser statisticsGoogle Chrome 66 39 Microsoft Edge 11 09 Safari 9 33 Mozilla Firefox 6 87 Opera 3 42 360 Safe 0 92 Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for January 2023 178 According to StatCounter in August 2019 Edge overtook the market share of Internet Explorer IE on PCs ranking third place at 9 14 179 and IE in sixth Mobile versions of Edge exist for Android and iOS however they have little to no market share On Microsoft consoles Edge replaced IE as the dominant browser a few months after its release in 2015 180 Market share varies by region On some days of the week Edge takes second place with a 10 02 share in the US on PC and Firefox and Edge have a very similar share globally switching places for second and third depending on the day 181 182 183 For example in March 2020 Edge ranked second with a market share of 7 59 overtaking Firefox which had 7 19 of the market share Notes edit Edge s WebKit amp Blink layout engines and its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and open source software while its other components are each either open source or proprietary References edit Error Unable to display the reference properly See the documentation for details Error Unable to display the reference properly See the documentation for details a b c Error Unable to display the reference properly See the documentation for details Release notes for Microsoft Edge Beta Channel Microsoft Edge Enterprise documentation Microsoft November 2 2023 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com Archived from the original on February 19 2018 Retrieved February 2 2019 Download an ePub app to keep reading e books support microsoft com Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved October 14 2020 Warren Tom December 6 2018 Microsoft is rebuilding its Edge browser on Chrome and bringing it to the Mac The Verge Vox Media Archived from the original on December 6 2018 Retrieved December 6 2018 Foley Mary Jo Microsoft s Edge to morph into a Chromium based cross platform browser ZDNet Archived from the original on January 20 2019 Retrieved December 6 2018 Microsoft s Joe Belfiore opens up about difficult Edge decisions May 6 2019 Archived from the original on October 18 2020 Retrieved October 14 2020 Protalinski Emil April 8 2019 Microsoft launches first Chromium Edge builds for Windows 10 Venturebeat Archived from the original on June 15 2020 Retrieved April 8 2019 Foley Mary Jo May 20 2019 Microsoft releases first Chromium based Edge preview for MacOS ZDNet Archived from the original on May 20 2019 Retrieved May 22 2019 Cimpanu Catalin Microsoft Edge Reddit AMA Edge might come to Linux ZDNet Archived from the original on June 14 2019 Retrieved June 18 2019 Warren Tom June 19 2019 Microsoft s Chromium Edge browser now available on Windows 7 and Windows 8 The Verge Archived from the original on June 20 2019 Retrieved June 20 2019 Warren Tom August 20 2019 Microsoft s Chromium Edge browser moves closer to release with new beta version The Verge Archived from the original on September 2 2019 Retrieved September 2 2019 Microsoft Edge will no longer support ePub file format for e books Windows Central August 23 2019 Archived from the original on August 3 2020 Retrieved November 22 2019 Meisenzahl Mary It looks like Microsoft is finally ditching the Internet Explorer branding for good with a revamped logo that looks like a wave Business Insider Archived from the original on November 6 2019 Retrieved November 6 2019 Warren Tom November 4 2019 Microsoft s Edge Chromium browser will launch on January 15th with a new logo The Verge Archived from the original on November 6 2019 Retrieved November 6 2019 Pflug Klye January 15 2020 Upgrading to the new Microsoft Edge Windows Blogs Archived from the original on June 4 2020 Retrieved January 16 2020 Windows 7 and 8 1 users Now Microsoft is pushing out new Edge browser to you too ZDNET Retrieved January 30 2023 Allen Darren November 6 2019 Hell freezes over as Microsoft Edge comes to Linux Tech Radar Archived from the original on January 5 2021 Retrieved September 23 2020 Endicott Sean May 20 2020 Microsoft Edge for Linux shown off briefly at Build 2020 Windows Central Archived from the original on September 22 2020 Retrieved September 23 2020 Microsoft Edge Supported Operating Systems Microsoft Learn December 10 2022 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved March 5 2023 Microsoft Edge and Webview2 ending support for Windows 7 and Windows 8 8 1 Microsoft Edge Blog December 9 2022 Archived from the original on December 9 2022 Retrieved December 9 2022 Staff Culturalist Press May 2 2022 Microsoft Edge announces free up to 1 gig VPN integration in a bid to enhance online privacy and compete with Chrome Culturalist Press News opinion on politics technology gaming food amp more Archived from the original on May 27 2022 Retrieved May 3 2022 Upgrading to the new Microsoft Edge January 15 2020 Archived from the original on June 4 2020 Retrieved November 26 2021 New optimizations boost performance in preview builds of Microsoft Edge February 13 2020 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Version 80 0 361 48 February 7 Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 26 2021 Version 81 0 416 53 April 13 Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 26 2021 Version 83 0 478 37 May 21 Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 26 2021 Version 84 0 522 40 July 16 Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 26 2021 Version 85 0 564 41 August 27 Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 26 2021 Version 86 0 622 38 October 9 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved January 6 2021 Version 87 0 664 41 November 19 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved January 6 2021 Version 88 0 705 50 January 21 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved January 6 2021 Version 89 0 774 45 March 4 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Version 90 0 818 39 April 15 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved August 23 2021 Version 91 0 864 37 May 27 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved August 23 2021 Version 92 0 902 55 July 22 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved August 23 2021 Version 93 0 961 38 September 2 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved September 30 2021 Version 94 0 992 31 September 24 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved September 30 2021 Version 95 0 1020 30 October 21 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved November 1 2021 Version 96 0 1054 72 January 6 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved January 21 2022 Version 97 0 1072 69 January 20 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Microsoft Docs Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved January 21 2022 Version 98 0 1108 33 February 3 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Archived from the original on November 12 2022 Retrieved February 4 2022 Version 99 0 1150 30 March 3 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved March 4 2022 Version 100 0 1185 29 April 1 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Archived from the original on September 22 2022 Retrieved April 2 2022 Version 101 0 1210 April 28 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved April 29 2022 Version 102 0 1245 May 31 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved May 31 2022 Version 103 0 1264 June 23 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved June 23 2022 Version 104 0 1293 August 5 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved August 5 2022 Version 105 0 1343 September 1 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved September 1 2022 Version 106 0 1370 October 3 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved October 4 2022 Version 107 0 1418 October 27 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved October 28 2022 Version 108 0 1462 December 5 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved December 6 2022 Version 109 0 1518 January 12 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved January 13 2022 Version 110 0 1587 February 9 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved February 10 2023 Version 111 0 1661 March 13 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved March 14 2023 Version 112 0 1722 April 6 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved April 7 2023 Version 113 0 1774 May 5 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved May 6 2023 Version 114 0 1823 June 2 Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel Retrieved June 3 2023 Windows 10 Best Browsers April 26 2015 Archived from the original on May 1 2016 Howse Brett January 25 2015 Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains AnandTech Purch Archived from the original on December 8 2015 Windows 10 Browser Benchmarks Spartan vs IE Chrome Firefox and Opera April 1 2015 Archived from the original on December 26 2015 Delivering fast JavaScript performance in Microsoft Edge May 20 2015 Archived from the original on November 3 2015 Owen Williams July 29 2015 Microsoft s Edge browser can win back bitter Web developers The Next Web Archived from the original on July 30 2015 Retrieved July 30 2015 Edge HTML5 improvements teased for upcoming Windows 10 LP Insider build Neowin Archived from the original on September 5 2015 Retrieved September 8 2015 Kasanmascheff Markus July 14 2016 Microsoft Details Edge Browser Benchmark Results to Prove Its Supremacy WinBuzzer Archived from the original on February 5 2018 Retrieved July 14 2016 Why we challenge Microsoft s battery test Opera Desktop June 22 2016 Archived from the original on February 5 2017 Retrieved February 1 2017 Which browser is best for battery life We test Edge vs Chrome vs Opera vs Firefox June 27 2016 Archived from the original on July 15 2016 Retrieved July 14 2016 Google Chrome bests Microsoft Edge in new battery life tests betanews com June 26 2017 Archived from the original on October 7 2017 Retrieved October 7 2017 Buria Taras June 12 2023 Edge sends images you view online to Microsoft here is how to disable that Windows 10 Review TechRadar Future plc Archived from the original on July 29 2015 Retrieved July 30 2015 Review Windows 10 is the best version yet once the bugs get fixed Ars Technica July 29 2015 Archived from the original on July 30 2015 Retrieved July 31 2015 Windows it s always the next version OSNews Archived from the original on September 5 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 Max Slater Robins September 2 2015 Barely anybody is using Microsoft s new browser Business Insider Archived from the original on September 5 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 shows that Edge peaked at approximately 20 usage among Windows 10 users at the end of July before dropping down to 14 by the end of August Microsoft Edge InPrivate browsing mode is full of fail and not private NetworkWorld IDG February 2016 Archived from the original on February 2 2016 Retrieved February 3 2016 KB3135173 OS build 10596 104 Microsoft February 8 2016 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved March 6 2016 Shankland Stephen Three years in Microsoft gives up on independent Edge browser and embraces Google s Chromium instead CNET Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 29 2018 Warren Tom January 4 2018 Chrome is turning into the new Internet Explorer 6 The Verge Archived from the original on January 5 2021 Retrieved December 29 2018 Leith Douglas Web Browser Privacy What Do Browsers Say When They Phone Home PDF Trinity College Dublin School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Archived PDF from the original on November 1 2021 Retrieved March 24 2021 Matyszczyk Chris A professor says Edge is the worst for privacy Microsoft isn t happy ZDNet Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 24 2021 Microsoft Edge caught importing other browser data without permission Komando com July 1 2020 Archived from the original on July 2 2020 Retrieved July 1 2020 Is Edge taking browser data without permission Here s what Microsoft says Windows Central June 29 2020 Archived from the original on July 2 2020 Retrieved July 1 2020 Microsoft is forcing Edge on Windows users with a spyware like install www theverge com July 2 2020 Archived from the original on July 3 2020 Retrieved July 4 2020 Warren Tom November 15 2021 Microsoft blocks EdgeDeflector to force Windows 11 users into Edge The Verge Archived from the original on November 30 2021 Retrieved November 30 2021 Windows 11 blocks Edge browser competitors from opening links www ctrl blog November 11 2021 Archived from the original on November 30 2021 Retrieved November 30 2021 a b c Goodin Dan November 30 2021 Users revolt as Microsoft bolts a short term financing app onto Edge Ars Technica Archived from the original on December 2 2021 Retrieved December 2 2021 a b Roth Emma November 30 2021 Edge users aren t happy about Microsoft s built in buy now pay later tool The Verge Archived from the original on December 2 2021 Retrieved December 2 2021 Cunningham Andrew December 2 2021 Microsoft Edge will now warn users about the dangers of downloading Google Chrome Ars Technica Archived from the original on December 6 2021 Retrieved December 6 2021 Warren Tom December 2 2021 Microsoft s new Windows prompts try to stop people downloading Chrome The Verge Archived from the original on December 2 2021 Retrieved December 2 2021 Honorof Marshall December 3 2021 Microsoft tries to stop users from installing Chrome again Tom s Guide Retrieved July 5 2023 Li Abner Microsoft aggressively trying to keep Chrome downloaders using Edge 9to5Google Retrieved July 5 2023 Gedeon Kimberly October 23 2023 Google Chrome users Microsoft Edge wants to know why you don t want it Mashable Retrieved October 25 2023 Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on August 23 2022 Retrieved February 4 2023 Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on October 11 2017 Retrieved November 19 2021 Console Browser Market Share Worldwide StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on September 21 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on September 21 2019 Retrieved January 19 2020 Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on September 21 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America StatCounter Global Stats Archived from the original on September 21 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Further reading editWeber Jason January 22 2015 Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build IEBlog Microsoft External links editOfficial website nbsp Official website for preview builds of Chromium based Microsoft Edge Microsoft Edge Team April 22 2020 Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source Our Intent GitHub Microsoft Edge open source projects demos tools data GitHub Incognito mode in old IE and other browsers WikiHow in English German French Spanish and Italian May 25 2018 Portal nbsp Internet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Microsoft Edge amp oldid 1184300716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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