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Laws about the recognition of same sex couples This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2023 160 160 Marriage open to same sex couples rings individual cases 160 160 Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same sex marriage but marriage is not yet provided for 160 160 Same sex marriage recognized when performed in certain other jurisdictions and accorded greater rights than local same sex unions if any 160 160 Civil unions or domestic partnerships 160 160 Limited legal recognition 160 160 Local certification without legal force 160 160 Limited recognition of marriage performed in certain other jurisdictions residency rights for spouses 160 160 Country subject to an international court ruling to recognize same sex marriage 160 160 Same sex unions not legally recognized Same sex marriage is legal in the following countries Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Denmark Ecuador Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Luxembourg Malta Mexico the Netherlands 91 nb 1 93 New Zealand 91 nb 2 93 Norway Portugal Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan the United Kingdom 91 nb 3 93 the United States 91 nb 4 93 and Uruguay Same sex marriage is recognized but not performed in Israel and Namibia Furthermore same sex marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognized in Aruba Curacao and Sint Maarten Whether same sex couples should be allowed to marry has been and remains the topic of debate worldwide 32 countries and four jurisdictions worldwide have passed constitutional amendments that explicitly prohibit the legal recognition of same sex marriage and sometimes other forms of legal unions as well Sixteen countries and 34 jurisdictions worldwide have authorized civil unions or unregistered cohabitation for same sex couples as an alternative to marriage The legal name of those unions as well as the number of rights that they provide can vary greatly Contents 1 Legislative efforts to recognise same sex unions 1 1 National level 1 2 Sub national level 2 Prohibition of same sex unions 2 1 Legislative efforts 2 1 1 National level 2 2 Constitutional efforts 2 2 1 National level 2 2 2 Sub national level 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References Legislative efforts to recognise same sex unions edit National level edit The first legislation of unregistered cohabitation was introduced in the Netherlands in June 1979 91 1 93 91 2 93 However the first substantial recognition of same sex couples did not occur before the introduction of a new legal form that of registered partnerships which was first enacted in Denmark in June 1989 91 3 93 Many countries have followed with similar legislation since then Legislation of these forms of legal unions still occur with a variety of different names even after the introduction of same sex marriage although sometimes they are overwritten by subsequent legislation of same sex marriage There are currently 11 countries that have an alternative form of legal recognition other than marriage on a national level Those are Bolivia Croatia Cyprus the Czech Republic Hungary Israel Italy Liechtenstein Monaco Montenegro and San Marino As of 9 April 2024 legislation to allow an alternative form of legal recognition of same sex couples other than marriage is pending or has passed at least one legislative house on a national level in Lithuania and Ukraine As of 9 April 2024 same sex marriage has been legal nationwide or in some parts in Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Denmark Ecuador Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Luxembourg Malta Mexico the Netherlands 91 nb 1 93 New Zealand 91 nb 2 93 Norway Portugal Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan the United Kingdom 91 nb 3 93 the United States 91 nb 4 93 and Uruguay As of 9 April 2024 legislation to allow same sex marriage is being considered in at least one legislative house on a national level in the Czech Republic Japan Liechtenstein Thailand and Venezuela Country Date Same sex union Upper house Lower house Head of state Law enacted Yes No Yes No Netherlands June 1979 Unregistered cohabitation 91 1 93 91 2 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Netherlands December 1980 Unregistered cohabitation expansion 91 1 93 91 2 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Netherlands November 1984 Unregistered cohabitation expansion 91 1 93 91 2 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Denmark June 1986 Unregistered cohabitation 91 2 93 91 4 93 91 5 93 78 62 Signed 160 Yes Sweden June 1987 Unregistered cohabitation 91 6 93 Passed 91 a 1 93 160 Yes Denmark June 1989 Registered partnership 91 7 93 91 8 93 71 47 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Norway July 1991 Unregistered cohabitation 91 9 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Norway April 1993 Registered partnership 91 10 93 18 16 58 40 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Sweden June 1994 Registered partnership 91 11 93 171 141 91 a 1 93 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Spain November 1994 Unregistered cohabitation 91 2 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Hungary May 1996 Unregistered cohabitation 91 2 93 91 12 93 207 73 Signed 160 Yes Iceland June 1996 Confirmed cohabitation 91 13 93 91 14 93 44 1 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Slovakia May 1997 Registered partnership 91 15 93 Failed 160 No Netherlands July 1997 Registered partnership 91 1 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Czech Republic June 1998 Registered partnership 91 16 93 Failed 160 No France October 1998 Civil solidarity pact 91 17 93 Failed 160 No Belgium January 1999 Legal cohabitation 91 18 93 91 19 93 39 8 98 10 Signed 160 Yes Sweden March 1999 Registered partnership expansion 91 20 93 Passed 91 a 1 93 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Denmark June 1999 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 21 93 61 48 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 France November 1999 Civil Solidarity Pact and Concubinage 91 22 93 Passed 315 249 Signed 160 Yes Czech Republic December 1999 Registered partnership 91 23 93 69 91 160 No Slovakia February 2000 Registered partnership 91 15 93 Failed 160 No Canada April 2000 Common law partnership 91 24 93 91 25 93 91 26 93 Passed 174 72 Signed 160 Yes Iceland May 2000 Confirmed cohabitation expansion adoption and immigration rights 91 27 93 49 1 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Netherlands December 2000 Marriage 91 28 93 91 29 93 49 26 109 33 Signed 160 Yes Norway December 2000 Registered partnership expansion 91 9 93 91 30 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Germany February 2001 Registered life partnership 91 31 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Portugal March 2001 De facto union 91 32 93 91 33 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes New Zealand April 2001 De facto relationship 91 34 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Czech Republic April 2001 Unregistered cohabitation 91 35 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Norway June 2001 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 36 93 91 37 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Finland September 2001 Registered partnership 91 38 93 99 84 Signed 160 Yes Czech Republic October 2001 Registered partnership 91 39 93 Failed 160 No Sweden June 2002 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 40 93 Passed 91 a 1 93 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Belgium February 2003 Marriage 91 41 93 46 15 91 22 Signed 160 Yes Denmark May 2003 Registered partnership expansion 91 42 93 49 60 160 No Denmark May 2003 Registered partnership expansion 91 43 93 45 60 160 No Denmark May 2003 Registered partnership expansion 91 44 93 43 61 160 No Denmark June 2003 Registered partnership expansion 91 45 93 11 94 160 No Croatia July 2003 Unregistered cohabitation 91 46 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Luxembourg May 2004 Free union 91 47 93 Failed 160 No Luxembourg May 2004 Marriage 91 48 93 Failed 160 No Luxembourg July 2004 Partnership 91 49 93 33 7 Signed 160 Yes Panama September 2004 Civil union 91 50 93 Failed 160 No Germany October 2004 Registered life partnership expansion adoption rights 91 51 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Norway November 2004 Marriage 91 52 93 Failed 160 No United Kingdom November 2004 Civil partnership 91 53 93 251 136 426 49 Signed 160 Yes New Zealand November 2004 De facto relationship expansion 91 54 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes New Zealand December 2004 Civil union 91 55 93 65 55 Signed 160 Yes Czech Republic February 2005 Registered partnership 91 56 93 Failed 160 No Andorra March 2005 Stable couple union 91 57 93 Passed Signed 91 a 3 93 160 Yes Slovenia March 2005 Registered partnership 91 58 93 91 a 4 93 Failed 160 No New Zealand March 2005 Civil union and de facto relationship expansion 91 59 93 91 60 93 76 43 Signed 160 Yes Sweden June 2005 Registered partnership expansion 91 61 93 Passed 91 a 1 93 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Switzerland June 2005 Registered partnership 91 62 93 Passed Passed 160 Yes Specific referendum 58 04 Spain July 2005 Marriage 91 63 93 Vetoed 91 a 5 93 183 136 Signed 160 Yes Canada July 2005 Marriage 91 64 93 47 21 158 133 Signed 160 Yes Slovenia July 2005 Partnership 91 65 93 91 a 4 93 44 3 Signed 160 Yes Croatia October 2005 Registered partnership 91 66 93 Failed 160 No Czech Republic March 2006 Registered partnership 91 67 93 65 14 86 54 Vetoed 91 a 6 93 160 Yes Belgium May 2006 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 68 93 91 69 93 34 33 77 62 Signed 160 Yes Spain May 2006 Marriage expansion medically assisted reproduction 91 70 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Denmark June 2006 Registered partnership expansion 91 71 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Iceland June 2006 Confirmed cohabitation expansion 91 72 93 91 73 93 41 0 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 France June 2006 Civil Solidarity Pact expansion 91 74 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes South Africa November 2006 Marriage and civil partnership 91 75 93 36 11 229 41 Signed 160 Yes Portugal December 2006 De facto union expansion immigration rights 91 76 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Finland December 2006 Registered partnership expansion 91 77 93 91 78 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Spain March 2007 Marriage expansion automatic co parenthood 91 70 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Colombia June 2007 Civil union 91 79 93 29 34 62 43 160 No Hungary December 2007 Registered partnership 91 80 93 185 154 Signed 160 No 91 a 7 93 Uruguay December 2007 Cohabitation union 91 81 93 91 82 93 17 5 Passed Signed 160 Yes Iceland May 2008 Confirmed cohabitation expansion 91 83 93 91 84 93 54 0 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Norway June 2008 Marriage 91 85 93 23 17 84 41 Signed 160 Yes Ecuador September 2008 De facto union 91 86 93 General constitutional referendum 69 46 160 Yes Portugal October 2008 Marriage 91 87 93 Failed 160 No Portugal October 2008 Marriage 91 87 93 Failed 160 No United Kingdom November 2008 Civil partnership expansion 91 88 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Australia November 2008 De facto relationship 91 89 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Sweden April 2009 Marriage 91 90 93 261 22 91 a 1 93 160 Yes Hungary April 2009 Registered partnership 91 91 93 91 92 93 199 159 Signed 160 Yes France May 2009 Recognition of unions performed abroad as PACS 91 93 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Finland May 2009 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 94 93 108 29 Signed 160 Yes Denmark June 2009 Registered partnership expansion 91 95 93 107 2 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Portugal August 2009 De facto union expansion inheritance rights 91 96 93 Passed Vetoed 160 No Uruguay September 2009 Cohabitation union expansion adoption rights 91 97 93 91 98 93 17 6 40 13 Signed 160 Yes Austria December 2009 Registered partnership 91 99 93 44 8 110 64 Signed 160 Yes Portugal January 2010 Marriage 91 100 93 Failed 160 No Portugal January 2010 Marriage 91 101 93 Failed 160 No Portugal January 2010 Registered civil union 91 102 93 Failed 160 No Australia February 2010 Marriage 91 103 93 5 45 160 No Portugal May 2010 Marriage 91 104 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Denmark May 2010 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 105 93 60 54 Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Denmark June 2010 Marriage 91 106 93 52 57 160 No Iceland June 2010 Marriage 91 107 93 91 108 93 49 0 Signed 160 Yes Ireland July 2010 Civil partnership and unregistered cohabitation 91 109 93 91 110 93 48 4 Passed Signed 160 Yes Argentina July 2010 Marriage 91 111 93 33 27 126 110 Signed 160 Yes Luxembourg August 2010 Partnership expansion 91 112 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Portugal August 2010 De facto union expansion inheritance rights 91 113 93 91 114 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Germany September 2010 Marriage 91 115 93 Failed 160 No Germany October 2010 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 116 93 Failed 160 No Germany April 2011 Registered life partnership expansion tax law and adoption rights 91 117 93 Failed 160 No Liechtenstein June 2011 Registered partnership 91 118 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Specific referendum 68 76 France June 2011 Marriage 91 119 93 222 293 160 No Germany June 2011 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 120 93 Failed 160 No Portugal February 2012 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 121 93 Failed 160 No Portugal February 2012 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 121 93 Failed 160 No Slovenia March 2012 Partnership expansion 91 122 93 Specific referendum 45 36 160 No Israel May 2012 Marriage 91 123 93 11 39 160 No Denmark June 2012 Marriage 91 124 93 85 24 Signed 160 Yes Germany June 2012 Marriage 91 125 93 91 126 93 260 309 160 No San Marino June 2012 Unregistered cohabitation only one entitlement 91 127 93 33 20 Signed 160 Yes Australia September 2012 Marriage 91 128 93 42 98 160 No Australia September 2012 Marriage 91 129 93 26 41 160 No Germany October 2012 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 130 93 253 288 160 No Slovakia November 2012 Registered partnership 91 131 93 14 94 160 No Poland January 2013 Registered partnership 91 132 93 91 133 93 Failed 160 No Poland January 2013 Registered partnership 91 134 93 91 135 93 Failed 160 No Poland January 2013 Registered partnership 91 136 93 Failed 160 No Poland January 2013 Registered partnership 91 137 93 Failed 160 No Poland January 2013 Partnership agreement 91 138 93 91 139 93 Failed 160 No Germany March 2013 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 140 93 91 141 93 Passed 160 No Germany March 2013 Marriage 91 142 93 Passed 160 No New Zealand April 2013 Marriage 91 143 93 77 44 Signed 160 Yes Colombia April 2013 Marriage 91 144 93 17 51 160 No Uruguay May 2013 Marriage 91 145 93 91 146 93 23 8 71 21 Signed 160 Yes Portugal May 2013 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 147 93 77 104 160 No Portugal May 2013 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 147 93 Failed 160 No Portugal May 2013 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 147 93 Failed 160 No France May 2013 Marriage 91 148 93 91 149 93 171 165 331 225 Signed 160 Yes Australia June 2013 Recognition of marriage performed abroad 91 150 93 28 44 160 No Germany July 2013 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 151 93 91 152 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 United Kingdom England and Wales July 2013 Marriage 91 153 93 91 154 93 Passed 366 161 Signed 160 Yes Austria July 2013 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 155 93 91 156 93 45 8 Passed Signed 160 Yes Philippines October 2013 Registered partnership 91 157 93 Failed 160 No Netherlands December 2013 Marriage expansion automatic co parenthood 91 158 93 91 159 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Portugal March 2014 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 160 93 107 112 160 No Malta April 2014 Civil union 91 161 93 37 0 Signed 160 Yes Belgium May 2014 Marriage expansion automatic co parenthood 91 162 93 91 163 93 48 2 114 10 Signed 160 Yes Germany May 2014 Registered life partnership expansion adoption rights 91 164 93 91 165 93 111 432 160 No Andorra May 2014 Marriage 91 166 93 91 167 93 6 21 160 No Germany June 2014 Registered life partnership expansion adoption rights 91 168 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Romania June 2014 Civil partnership 91 169 93 91 170 93 2 110 4 298 160 No Luxembourg June 2014 Marriage 91 171 93 91 172 93 56 4 91 a 8 93 160 Yes Croatia July 2014 Life partnership 91 173 93 89 16 91 a 9 93 160 Yes Germany July 2014 Registered life partnership expansion tax law 91 174 93 91 175 93 91 176 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 San Marino September 2014 Recognition of marriage performed abroad 91 177 93 15 35 160 No Argentina October 2014 Cohabitation union 91 178 93 91 179 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Andorra December 2014 Civil union 91 180 93 91 181 93 20 3 Signed 160 Yes Portugal January 2015 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 182 93 91 183 93 89 119 160 No Portugal January 2015 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 182 93 91 183 93 91 119 160 No Portugal January 2015 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 182 93 91 183 93 91 120 160 No Portugal January 2015 Marriage expansion medically assisted reproduction 91 182 93 91 183 93 Failed 160 No Ireland April 2015 Civil partnership and unregistered cohabitation expansion step adoption rights 91 184 93 91 185 93 20 2 Passed Signed 160 Yes Chile April 2015 Civil union agreement 91 186 93 91 187 93 25 6 78 9 Signed 160 Yes Ecuador June 2015 De facto union expansion 91 188 93 91 189 93 91 190 93 91 191 93 89 1 Signed 160 Yes Israel July 2015 Civil union 91 192 93 39 50 160 No Israel July 2015 Marriage 91 192 93 39 50 160 No Ireland August 2015 Marriage constitutional amendment 91 193 93 29 3 Passed Signed 160 Yes Specific constitutional referendum 62 07 October 2015 Marriage statutory legislation 91 194 93 91 195 93 91 196 93 Passed Passed Signed Germany November 2015 Registered life partnership expansion 91 197 93 91 198 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes 91 a 2 93 Cyprus December 2015 Civil cohabitation 91 199 93 91 200 93 39 12 Signed 160 Yes Romania December 2015 Civil partnership 91 201 93 91 202 93 91 203 93 8 49 Failed 160 No Slovenia December 2015 Marriage 91 204 93 91 205 93 91 a 4 93 51 28 160 No Specific referendum 36 53 Greece December 2015 Cohabitation agreement 91 206 93 194 55 Signed 160 Yes Estonia October 2014 Cohabitation agreement framework law 91 207 93 91 208 93 40 38 Signed 160 Yes January 2016 Cohabitation agreement implementation law 91 209 93 91 210 93 Failed 160 No Portugal February 2016 Marriage and de facto union expansion adoption rights 91 211 93 Passed Vetoed 91 a 6 93 160 Yes Israel February 2016 Civil union 91 212 93 40 47 160 No Switzerland March 2016 Registered partnership expansion immigration rights 91 213 93 91 214 93 122 62 160 No Luxembourg April 2016 Recognition of marriage performed abroad before 1 January 2015 91 215 93 50 3 91 a 8 93 160 Yes Slovenia April 2016 Partnership expansion 91 216 93 91 217 93 91 a 4 93 54 15 91 a 9 93 160 Yes Italy May 2016 Civil union and cohabitation agreement 91 218 93 91 219 93 91 220 93 173 71 372 51 Signed 160 Yes Portugal June 2016 Marriage and de facto union expansion medically assisted reproduction 91 221 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Switzerland June 2016 Registered partnership expansion adoption rights 91 222 93 91 223 93 25 14 125 68 160 Yes Liechtenstein November 2016 Registered partnership expansion 91 224 93 91 225 93 25 0 Signed 160 Yes Greece December 2016 Cohabitation agreement expansion 91 226 93 91 227 93 201 21 Signed 160 Yes Austria December 2016 Registered partnership expansion 91 228 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Finland February 2015 Marriage framework law 91 229 93 101 90 Signed 160 Yes April 2016 Marriage implementation laws 91 230 93 91 231 93 91 232 93 106 42 Signed January 2017 128 28 Signed Malta April 2017 Cohabitation 91 233 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Lithuania June 2017 Partnership 91 234 93 91 235 93 29 59 160 No Ireland July 2017 Civil partnership and unregistered cohabitation expansion adoption rights 91 236 93 91 237 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Germany July 2017 Marriage 91 238 93 91 239 93 91 240 93 Passed 393 226 Signed 160 Yes Malta August 2017 Marriage 91 241 93 91 242 93 66 1 Signed 160 Yes Philippines October 2017 Civil partnership 91 243 93 Failed 160 No Chile November 2017 Civil union agreement expansion 91 244 93 91 245 93 91 246 93 91 247 93 15 0 70 0 Signed 160 Yes Australia December 2017 Marriage 91 248 93 91 249 93 43 12 131 4 Signed 160 Yes Finland April 2018 Marriage expansion automatic co parenthood 91 250 93 122 42 Signed 160 Yes Greece May 2018 Cohabitation agreement expansion foster care 91 251 93 91 252 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Israel June 2018 Marriage 91 253 93 39 42 160 No Malta June 2018 Marriage civil union and cohabitation expansion medically assisted reproduction 91 254 93 91 255 93 34 27 Signed 160 Yes Slovakia September 2018 Registered partnership 91 256 93 91 257 93 Failed 160 No San Marino November 2018 Civil union 91 258 93 91 259 93 40 4 Signed 160 Yes Mexico November 2018 Marriage codification of federal recognition 91 260 93 91 261 93 91 262 93 91 263 93 91 264 93 110 0 415 0 Published 160 Yes Cuba December 2018 Marriage 91 265 93 91 266 93 Failed 160 No Germany December 2018 Marriage codification 91 267 93 91 268 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Romania March 2019 Civil partnership 91 269 93 91 270 93 91 271 93 2 68 Failed 160 No Taiwan May 2019 Marriage 91 272 93 91 273 93 66 27 Signed 160 Yes Philippines July 2019 Civil partnership 91 274 93 91 275 93 Failed 160 No Philippines July 2019 Registered partnership 91 276 93 Failed 160 No Austria July 2019 Marriage expansion 91 277 93 91 278 93 Passed Passed 160 Yes United Kingdom Northern Ireland July 2019 Marriage 91 279 93 91 280 93 Passed 328 65 Signed 160 Yes Montenegro July 2019 Life partnership 91 281 93 38 4 160 No Monaco December 2019 Cohabitation agreement 91 282 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Montenegro July 2020 Life partnership 91 283 93 42 5 Signed 160 Yes Lithuania May 2021 Partnership 91 284 93 63 58 160 No San Marino June 2021 Civil union expansion 91 285 93 31 1 Signed 160 Yes France August 2021 Marriage expansion medically assisted reproduction 91 286 93 91 287 93 91 288 93 326 115 Passed Signed 160 Yes Switzerland September 2021 Marriage 91 289 93 91 290 93 91 291 93 22 15 132 52 160 Yes Specific referendum 64 10 Chile December 2021 Marriage 91 292 93 91 293 93 91 294 93 91 295 93 91 296 93 21 8 80 20 Signed 160 Yes Costa Rica May 2022 De facto union 91 297 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Andorra August 2022 Marriage 91 298 93 91 299 93 18 6 Signed 160 Yes Cuba July 2022 Marriage and civil union 91 300 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes September 2022 Specific Referendum 66 87 91 301 93 Slovenia October 2022 Marriage and adoption rights codification 91 302 93 91 303 93 17 11 48 29 Suspensory Veto 160 Yes 51 24 Published Slovakia October 2022 Civil cohabitation 91 304 93 31 53 160 No United States December 2022 Marriage codification of federal recognition requiring states and territories to recognize 91 305 93 61 36 259 168 Signed 160 Yes Latvia December 2022 Civil union 91 306 93 Failed 160 No Peru December 2022 Marriage 91 307 93 Failed 160 No Andorra January 2023 Marriage codification 91 308 93 23 1 Signed 160 Yes Taiwan June 2023 Marriage expansion adoption rights 91 309 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Estonia June 2023 Marriage 91 310 93 91 311 93 55 34 Signed 160 Yes Latvia January 2024 Partnership 91 312 93 91 313 93 53 43 Signed 160 Yes Greece February 2024 Marriage 91 314 93 91 315 93 175 77 Signed 160 Yes Liechtenstein March 2024 Marriage 91 316 93 91 317 93 24 1 Pending Thailand March 2024 Marriage Pending 400 10 San Marino December 2017 Marriage for foreign couples agreement in principle 91 318 93 91 319 93 25 20 Signed Unknown Marriage for foreign couples statutory legislation Czech Republic February 2024 Marriage or registered partnerships 91 320 93 91 321 93 91 322 93 Pending Italy Unknown Marriage 91 323 93 91 324 93 Japan Unknown Marriage 91 325 93 Proposed Lithuania Unknown Civil partnership 91 326 93 Pending Peru Unknown Civil union 91 327 93 Proposed Philippines Unknown Civil union 91 328 93 Proposed Proposed 91 a 10 93 Poland Unknown Civil partnership 91 329 93 Proposed Proposed Slovakia Unknown Cohabitation 91 330 93 Proposed South Korea Unknown Life partnership 91 331 93 Proposed South Korea Unknown Marriage 91 332 93 Proposed Ukraine Unknown Civil partnership 91 333 93 Pending Venezuela Unknown Marriage 91 334 93 Proposed Notes a b c d e f According to the 1974 Constitution the King of Sweden is head of state but does not sign or veto any laws enacted by Parliament a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Replaced by the gender neutral marriage law Only one of the two Co Princes of Andorra signed the law a b c d The Slovenian Parliament is incompletely bicameral The Spanish Senate voted 131 yes to 119 no to veto the law The veto was later overridden by the Spanish Congress of Deputies a b Veto overridden Ruled unconstitutional a b Since the 2008 constitutional change the assent of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg is not required for the enactment of laws adopted by the Parliament a b The President merely promulgates the laws adopted by the Parliament A companion bill has yet to be filed in the lower house Sub national level edit See also Same sex marriage legislation in the United States In countries with a federal system of governance states and territories often may grant recognition to same sex couples in their own jurisdictions although unitary states with a level of devolution such as Spain or the United Kingdom also offer such powers to local authorities The first jurisdiction to enact unregistered cohabitation was British Columbia in Canada in July 1992 The first jurisdiction to legalize registered partnership was Greenland as part of the Kingdom of Denmark in April 1996 Finally the first sub national jurisdiction to legalize same sex marriage was the Canadian province of Ontario in June 2003 As of 9 April 2024 there are 15 sub national jurisdictions worldwide that have legalized some kind of alternative form of legal union of same sex couples other than marriage Those are In Japan Twelve prefectures of Japan Akita Aomori Fukuoka Gunma Ibaraki Mie Osaka Saga Shizuoka Tochigi Tokyo and Toyama Aruba a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Two British overseas territories Bermuda Cayman Islands For the time being 61 sub national jurisdictions worldwide have legalized same sex marriage in nations where same sex marriage is not legal throughout the nation s territory Those are Fifty one Native American Tribal Nations namely the Ak Chin Indian Community the Bay Mills Indian Community the Blackfeet Nation the Blue Lake Rancheria the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska the Cherokee Nation the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes the Chickasaw Nation the Choctaw Nation the Colorado River Indian Tribes the Confederated Tribes of Coos Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon the Coquille Indian Tribe the Eastern Shoshone Tribe the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians the Hannahville Indian Community the Ho Chunk Nation of Wisconsin the Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin the Northern Arapaho Tribe the Oglala Sioux Tribe the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin the Osage Nation the Pascua Yaqui Tribe the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska the Port Gamble S Klallam Tribe the Prairie Island Indian Community the Puyallup Tribe of Indians the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community the San Carlos Apache Tribe the Sault Ste Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians the St Regis Mohawk Tribe the Stockbridge Munsee Community the Suquamish Tribe the Tulalip the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota the White Mountain Apache Tribe the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska and the Yavapai Apache Nation The British Overseas Territories of Akrotiri and Dhekelia the British Antarctic Territory the British Indian Ocean Territory the Falkland Islands Gibraltar the Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and the British Crown dependencies of Guernsey the Isle of Man and Jersey and Guernsey s own dependencies of Alderney and Sark State Territory Country Date Same sex union Upper House Lower house Head of State Law enacted Yes No Yes No British Columbia Canada July 1992 Marriage like relationship 91 335 93 91 336 93 30 17 Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1993 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 337 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1993 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 338 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1993 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 339 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Australian Capital Territory Australia May 1994 Domestic relationship 91 340 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Ontario Canada June 1994 Domestic partnership 91 341 93 58 69 160 No British Columbia Canada June 1995 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 342 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1995 Marriage like relationship expansion adoption rights 91 343 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Greenland Denmark May 1993 Inatsisartut Registered partnership resolution 91 344 93 15 0 160 Yes April 1996 Folketing Registered partnership statutory law 91 345 93 91 346 93 104 1 Signed Ceuta Spain April 1997 De facto union 91 347 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1997 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 348 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Catalonia Spain June 1998 Stable couple union 91 349 93 91 350 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Yukon Canada December 1998 Unregistered cohabitation 91 351 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Aragon Spain March 1999 Stable non married couple 91 349 93 91 352 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Yukon Canada April 1999 Unregistered cohabitation expansion 91 353 93 91 354 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Alberta Canada May 1999 Unregistered cohabitation 91 355 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Quebec Canada May 1999 De facto union 91 356 93 80 0 Signed 160 Yes New South Wales Australia June 1999 De facto relationship 91 357 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 1999 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 358 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Ontario Canada October 1999 Conjugal relationship 91 359 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Navarre Spain July 2000 Stable couple 91 349 93 91 360 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Castile La Mancha Spain July 2000 De facto couple 91 361 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes British Columbia Canada July 2000 Marriage like relationship expansion 91 362 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Australian Capital Territory Australia August 2000 Domestic relationship expansion 91 363 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Nova Scotia Canada November 2000 Domestic partnership 91 364 93 91 365 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Newfoundland and Labrador Canada December 2000 Conjugal relationship 91 366 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes New Brunswick Canada December 2000 Family relationship 91 367 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Geneva Switzerland February 2001 Registered partnership 91 368 93 91 369 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Valencia Spain April 2001 De facto union 91 370 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Victoria Australia June 2001 Domestic relationship 91 371 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Manitoba Canada July 2001 Common law relationships 91 372 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Saskatchewan Canada July 2001 Spousal relationship 91 373 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Saskatchewan Canada July 2001 Spousal relationship expansion adoption rights 91 374 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Victoria Australia November 2001 Domestic relationship expansion 91 375 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Newfoundland and Labrador Canada December 2001 Conjugal relationship expansion 91 376 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Balearic Islands Spain December 2001 Stable couple 91 377 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Madrid Spain December 2001 De facto union 91 349 93 91 378 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Newfoundland and Labrador Canada April 2002 Conjugal relationship expansion adoption rights 91 379 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Western Australia Australia April 2002 De facto relationship 91 380 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Yukon Canada May 2002 Unregistered cohabitation expansion adoption rights 91 381 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Asturias Spain May 2002 Stable couple 91 382 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Northwest Territories Canada June 2002 Unregistered cohabitation 91 353 93 91 383 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Quebec Canada June 2002 Civil union 91 384 93 87 0 Signed 160 Yes Manitoba Canada August 2002 Common law relationship expansion adoption rights 91 385 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Manitoba Canada August 2002 Common law relationship expansion 91 386 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Zurich Switzerland September 2002 Registered partnership 91 387 93 Specific cantonal referendum 62 70 160 Yes New South Wales Australia October 2002 De facto relationship expansion 91 388 93 91 389 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Castile and Leon Spain October 2002 De facto union 91 390 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Alberta Canada December 2002 Adult interdependent relationship 91 391 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Queensland Australia December 2002 De facto relationship 91 392 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Andalusia Spain December 2002 De facto couple 91 349 93 91 393 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Prince Edward Island Canada December 2002 Unregistered cohabitation 91 394 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Autonomous City of Buenos Aires Argentina January 2003 Civil union 91 395 93 91 396 93 29 10 Signed 160 Yes Canary Islands Spain March 2003 De facto couple 91 349 93 91 397 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Extremadura Spain March 2003 De facto couple 91 349 93 91 398 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Basque Country Spain May 2003 De facto couple 91 349 93 91 399 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Rio Negro Argentina May 2003 Civil union 91 400 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes South Australia Australia June 2003 Unregistered cohabitation 91 401 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Tasmania Australia September 2003 Significant relationship and caring relationship 91 402 93 Passed Passed Signed 160 Yes Australian Capital Territory Australia January 2004 Domestic relationship expansion adoption rights 91 403 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Neuchatel Switzerland January 2004 Registered partnership 91 404 93 65 38 Signed 160 Yes Northern Territory Australia January 2004 De facto relationship 91 405 93 91 406 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Aragon Spain May 2004 Stable non married couple expansion adoption rights 91 407 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Fribourg Switzerland May 2004 Registered partnership 91 404 93 91 408 93 General cantonal referendum 58 03 160 Yes City of Sydney Australia July 2004 Relationship declaration program 91 409 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Quebec Canada November 2004 Marriage codification 91 410 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Ontario Canada March 2005 Marriage codification 91 411 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Northwest Territories Canada March 2005 Unregistered cohabitation expansion 91 412 93 Passed Signed 160 Yes Catalonia span class, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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