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Radical 113

August 27, 2023

Radical 113 or radical spirit (示部) meaning ancestor or veneration is number 113 out of the 214 Kangxi radicals. It is one of the 23 radicals composed of 5 strokes. When appearing at the left side of a character, the radical transforms into 礻 (consisting of 4 strokes) in modern Chinese and Japanese jōyō kanji.

示
← 112 Radical 113 (U+2F70) 114 →
示 (U+793A) "ancestor, veneration"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:shì
Bopomofo:ㄕˋ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shyh
Wade–Giles:shih4
Cantonese Yale:sih
Jyutping:si6
Japanese Kana:シ shi (on'yomi)
しめ-す shime-su (kun'yomi)
Sino-Korean:시 si
Names
Chinese name(s):(Left) 示字旁 shìzìpáng
(Bottom) 示字底 shìzìdǐ
Japanese name(s):しめす shimesu
示偏/しめすへん shimesuhen
ネ偏/ねへん nehen
Hangul:보일 boil
Stroke order animation

The compound form 礻 always appears in the left half of the characters.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 213 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

示 is also the 100th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with the left component form 礻 being its associated indexing component.

The character 示 represents an altar or offering table, the top stroke depicting the offered goods. In the oracle bone script, the table has a T shape.

Semantically, the sign suggests a relation to anything connected with animism in traditional Chinese religion, such as 祭 "to sacrifice, to practice ancestor veneration", ultimately composed of the sign for meat 肉 and the sign for a hand 手 above the altar character, as it iconographically means "hand placing meat on an altar". The sign 祟 for "evil spirit" originally referred to misfortune caused by malevolent spirits.

In 禁 (jìn) "to forbid, restrict, restrain", the 林 (lín) above the radical has only phonetic significance (rebus writing). Similarly, 神 "spirit" has radical 113 plus 申 (shēn) as a phonetic marker. 祖 "ancestor" on the other hand has radical 113 plus 且, a pictograph of a stand with shelves for offerings to ancestors.

Some signs including the radical have no connection with spirits or animism and are placed in the category purely on formal grounds, such as 票 "ticket" which originally had radical 火 rather than 示.

Evolution Edit

Derived characters Edit

Strokes Characters
+0 示 礻Component
+1 礼SC/JP (=禮)
+2 礽
+3 社 礿 祀 祁 祂 祃SC (=禡)
+4 祄 祅 (=妖 -> 女) 祆 祇 祈 祉 祊 祋 祌 祍 祎SC (=禕) 视SC (=視)
+5 祏 祐 祑 祒 祓 祔 祕 (=秘 -> 禾) 祖 祗 祘 (=算 -> 竹 / 蒜 -> 艸) 祙 祚 祛 祜 祝 神 祟 祠 祡 祢 (also SC form of 禰)
+6 祣 祤 祥 祧 票 祩 祪 祫 祬 祭 祮 祯SC (=禎)
+7 祦 祰 祱 祲 祳 祴 祵 祶 祷SC/JP (=禱) 祸SC (=禍) 禄SC (=祿) 視
+8 祹 祺 祻 祼 祽 祾 祿 禀SC (=稟) 禁 禂 禃 禅SC (=禪) 禆
+9 禅JP (=禪) 禇 禈 禉 禊 禋 禌 禍 禎 福 禐 禑 禒 禓 禔 禕 禖 禗 禘 禙
+10 禚 禛 禜 禝 禞 禟 禠 禡 禢 禣
+11 禤 禥 (=祺) 禦
+12 禧 禨 禩 (=祀) 禪 禫
+13 禬 禭 禮 禯
+14 禰 禱
+15 禲
+17 禳 禴
+18 禵
+19 禶 禷

Variant forms Edit

 
Stroke order of the left component form 礻

This radical takes different forms in different languages or characters.

When used as a left component, traditionally, only ⺬ was used in printing, while 礻 was overwhelmingly preferred in writing regular script. In the Kangxi Dictionary, ⺬ was chosen as the standard form.

In mainland China, after the adoption of simplified Chinese characters and xin zixing (new character forms), 礻, which used to be a handwriting form, became the standard xin zixing printing form (e.g. 神, 福). This change also applies to China's Guo Biao (national standard) Traditional Chinese characters used chiefly in printing Chinese classics (e.g. 禪). 礻 is also chosen as the standard form in the Taiwan standard and the Hong Kong standard of Traditional Chinese, though ⺬ (traditional) and 礻 (the first stroke is vertical) are also widely used in Traditional Chinese publications.

In Japan, 礻 was adopted as the standard form of in shinjitai, and the difference between 礻 and ⺬ is treated as the difference between the new and old forms (e.g. 禪→禅). However, this simplification applies only to jōyō kanji. While JIS X 0208:1983 simplified some hyōgai kanji with the left component ⺬ (e.g. 祇), this change was not in conformity with the Publishing Standard Glyphs of hyōgai kanji released by the National Language Council in 2000 and was undone in later versions of JIS. Hyōgai kanji with the simplified form 礻 are often seen as extended shinjitai. Both forms are acceptable when writing hyōgai kanji, but only the simplified form is recognized as the standard form in jōyō kanji.

The left component form is not simplified in Korean hanja (e.g. 神, 福).

Kangxi Dictionary
Japanese hyōgai kanji
Korean 		Modern Chinese Japanese jōyō kanji
Trad. Chinese nonstandard
⺬ 礻 礻

The radical also has different variants when appearing independently or at the bottom of a character.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, 示 as an independent character does not have a hook in its third stroke, while the hook exists when the radical is used as a component. Both forms have traditionally been widely used for printing and handwriting, while in modern times, different authorities have prescribed different forms as their standards. The hook does not exist in Taiwan's Standard Form of National Characters, exists in Mainland China's Guo Biao standard, Japanese kanji, and Korean hanja.

Kangxi Dictionary Chinese (Mainland China)
Japanese
Korean 		Chinese (Taiwan)
示 禁 示 禁 示 禁

Literature Edit

  • Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
  • Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radical 113.
  • Unihan Database - U+793A

See also Edit

August 27, 2023
radical, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, march, 2022, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, radical, s. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Radical 113 or radical spirit 示部 meaning ancestor or veneration is number 113 out of the 214 Kangxi radicals It is one of the 23 radicals composed of 5 strokes When appearing at the left side of a character the radical transforms into 礻 consisting of 4 strokes in modern Chinese and Japanese jōyō kanji 示 112 Radical 113 U 2F70 114 示 U 793A ancestor veneration PronunciationsPinyin shiBopomofo ㄕˋGwoyeu Romatzyh shyhWade Giles shih4Cantonese Yale sihJyutping si6Japanese Kana シ shi on yomi しめ す shime su kun yomi Sino Korean 시 siNamesChinese name s Left 示字旁 shizipang Bottom 示字底 shizidǐJapanese name s しめす shimesu示偏 しめすへん shimesuhenネ偏 ねへん nehenHangul 보일 boilStroke order animationThe compound form 礻 always appears in the left half of the characters In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 213 characters out of 49 030 to be found under this radical 示 is also the 100th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China with the left component form 礻 being its associated indexing component The character 示 represents an altar or offering table the top stroke depicting the offered goods In the oracle bone script the table has a T shape Semantically the sign suggests a relation to anything connected with animism in traditional Chinese religion such as 祭 to sacrifice to practice ancestor veneration ultimately composed of the sign for meat 肉 and the sign for a hand 手 above the altar character as it iconographically means hand placing meat on an altar The sign 祟 for evil spirit originally referred to misfortune caused by malevolent spirits In 禁 jin to forbid restrict restrain the 林 lin above the radical has only phonetic significance rebus writing Similarly 神 spirit has radical 113 plus 申 shen as a phonetic marker 祖 ancestor on the other hand has radical 113 plus 且 a pictograph of a stand with shelves for offerings to ancestors Some signs including the radical have no connection with spirits or animism and are placed in the category purely on formal grounds such as 票 ticket which originally had radical 火 rather than 示 Contents 1 Evolution 2 Derived characters 3 Variant forms 4 Literature 5 External links 6 See alsoEvolution Edit Oracle bone script character Large seal script character Small seal script characterDerived characters EditStrokes Characters 0 示 礻Component 1 礼SC JP 禮 2 礽 3 社 礿 祀 祁 祂 祃SC 禡 4 祄 祅 妖 gt 女 祆 祇 祈 祉 祊 祋 祌 祍 祎SC 禕 视SC 視 5 祏 祐 祑 祒 祓 祔 祕 秘 gt 禾 祖 祗 祘 算 gt 竹 蒜 gt 艸 祙 祚 祛 祜 祝 神 祟 祠 祡 祢 also SC form of 禰 6 祣 祤 祥 祧 票 祩 祪 祫 祬 祭 祮 祯SC 禎 7 祦 祰 祱 祲 祳 祴 祵 祶 祷SC JP 禱 祸SC 禍 禄SC 祿 視 8 祹 祺 祻 祼 祽 祾 祿 禀SC 稟 禁 禂 禃 禅 SC 禪 禆 9 禅 JP 禪 禇 禈 禉 禊 禋 禌 禍 禎 福 禐 禑 禒 禓 禔 禕 禖 禗 禘 禙 10 禚 禛 禜 禝 禞 禟 禠 禡 禢 禣 11 禤 禥 祺 禦 12 禧 禨 禩 祀 禪 禫 13 禬 禭 禮 禯 14 禰 禱 15 禲 17 禳 禴 18 禵 19 禶 禷Variant forms Edit Stroke order of the left component form 礻This radical takes different forms in different languages or characters When used as a left component traditionally only was used in printing while 礻 was overwhelmingly preferred in writing regular script In the Kangxi Dictionary was chosen as the standard form In mainland China after the adoption of simplified Chinese characters and xin zixing new character forms 礻 which used to be a handwriting form became the standard xin zixing printing form e g 神 福 This change also applies to China s Guo Biao national standard Traditional Chinese characters used chiefly in printing Chinese classics e g 禪 礻 is also chosen as the standard form in the Taiwan standard and the Hong Kong standard of Traditional Chinese though traditional and 礻 the first stroke is vertical are also widely used in Traditional Chinese publications In Japan 礻 was adopted as the standard form of in shinjitai and the difference between 礻 and is treated as the difference between the new and old forms e g 禪 禅 However this simplification applies only to jōyō kanji While JIS X 0208 1983 simplified some hyōgai kanji with the left component e g 祇 this change was not in conformity with the Publishing Standard Glyphs of hyōgai kanji released by the National Language Council in 2000 and was undone in later versions of JIS Hyōgai kanji with the simplified form 礻 are often seen as extended shinjitai Both forms are acceptable when writing hyōgai kanji but only the simplified form is recognized as the standard form in jōyō kanji The left component form is not simplified in Korean hanja e g 神 福 Kangxi DictionaryJapanese hyōgai kanjiKorean Modern Chinese Japanese jōyō kanjiTrad Chinese nonstandard 礻 礻The radical also has different variants when appearing independently or at the bottom of a character In the Kangxi Dictionary 示 as an independent character does not have a hook in its third stroke while the hook exists when the radical is used as a component Both forms have traditionally been widely used for printing and handwriting while in modern times different authorities have prescribed different forms as their standards The hook does not exist in Taiwan s Standard Form of National Characters exists in Mainland China s Guo Biao standard Japanese kanji and Korean hanja Kangxi Dictionary Chinese Mainland China JapaneseKorean Chinese Taiwan 示 禁 示 禁 示 禁Literature EditFazzioli Edoardo 1987 Chinese calligraphy from pictograph to ideogram the history of 214 essential Chinese Japanese characters calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko New York Abbeville Press ISBN 0 89659 774 1 Leyi Li Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters 500 Cases Beijing 1993 ISBN 978 7 5619 0204 2External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radical 113 Unihan Database U 793ASee also EditChinese numerals Ancestor Veneration in China Radical 194 鬼 ghost Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Radical 113 amp oldid 1170270888, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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