fbpx
Wikipedia

Lerner and Loewe

March 08, 2023

Lerner and Loewe refers to the partnership between lyricist and librettist Alan Jay Lerner and composer Frederick Loewe.[1] Spanning three decades and nine musicals from 1942 to 1960 and again from 1970 to 1972, the pair are known for being behind the creation of critical on stage successes such as My Fair Lady, Brigadoon, and Camelot along with the musical film Gigi.[2]

Lerner and Loewe, c. 1962

Background and previous work

Growing up in Austria, Frederick or "Fritz" Loewe was a child prodigy concert pianist and son to a Viennese Operetta star, Edmond Loewe.[2] After moving to New York City, he worked as a pianist in German clubs and was accompanist for silent films but never had a partnership before working with Lerner.[3] Conversely, Alan Lerner was born in New York City and attended Harvard where his first musical theater contributions came from working on collegiate Hasty Pudding musicals.[2] Early in his career at Harvard he collaborated with Leonard Bernstein but also did not have any official partnerships until he crossed paths with Loewe.[4]

Meeting

In August 1942 at the Lambs Club in New York City 24 year old American, Alan Jay Lerner and 41 year old Austrian, Frederick Loewe, officially met one another.[3] As recounted by Lerner, the two men met by chance when Loewe took a wrong turn on his way to the bathroom. Loewe asked Lerner if he wrote lyrics and upon affirmation, Loewe asked if he wanted to write with him. The two began working together immediately afterward.[2]

Early work

While the two were quick to work with each other, the initial two musicals Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe worked on were not a commercial success and would be heavily regarded today as "flops."[5] The very first of their collaborations, Life of the Party, was worked on in 1942 at a stock company in Detroit, ran for 9 weeks and never made it to a Broadway stage. The first of their productions to make it to Broadway was What's Up?, which received generally (if mildly) favorable reviews but was not a commercial success. Lerner later wrote that the musical ran for only one week before closing,[2] but it in fact ran from November 11, 1943, to January 4, 1944, closing after 63 performances.

The pair achieved some small success in 1945 with The Day Before Spring.[4] This production opened at the National Theatre in late November and closed approximately one year later in April 1946. Despite the short run, a Billboard magazine critic gave the musical a favorable review from its opening at the Shubert Theatre in Boston and deemed Lerner and Loewe "potential supermen."[6]

Brigadoon

Main article: Brigadoon

Brigadoon was the pair's first significant hit.[7] Loewe and Lerner reportedly auditioned their music fifty times before successfully finding investors to help mount their production.[1]Brigadoon's plot centers on two New York natives who are visiting the highlands of Scotland. While there, they happen upon a village that is enchanted by magic to appear only once every century.[7] The material was said to be inspired by the stories of James M. Barrie and also a direct quote from Frederick Loewe: "faith can move mountains."[7] The original Broadway production opened in 1947 at the Ziegfeld Theatre and won the Drama Critics Award for Best Musical of the Year.[2] In 1949 Brigadoon opened at the West End Theatre in London. It has since experienced several successful revivals as well as a film starring Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse.[7]

Paint Your Wagon

Main article: Paint Your Wagon (musical)

Regarded by the duo as a "success, but not a hit", Paint Your Wagon opened in 1951 at the Shubert Theatre to mixed reviews.[2] The story takes place in California during the Gold Rush and focuses on the relationship between a father who works as a miner and his daughter.[8] Two years after its New York opening, the musical made its West End debut in 1953 and ran for nearly 500 performances.[8] Years later, in 1969, Lerner asked Loewe to return to the project to specifically write new songs for the film version. Loewe, who had since retired, declined, but gave Lerner permission to collaborate with Andre Previn for the additional songs.[2] The one rule Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe abided by for the entirety of their partnership was that if one wished to work with another lyricist or composer, he must tell the other; this also applied for any time someone requested to work with either one of them.[2] While Lerner received permission and created new songs with Previn specifically for the film, the reception of the movie musical was predominantly negative.[8] The most popular songs from this musical were written in its earliest stages with both Lerner and Loewe at the helm, including "I Was Born Under a Wand'rin' Star", "They Call the Wind Maria" and "I Talk To The Trees."

My Fair Lady

Main article: My Fair Lady

My Fair Lady opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. While both Lerner and Loewe were interested in adapting George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion into a musical, early on in the process they struggled significantly with creating a musical that would fit the musical constructs in place at the time, i.e. a flashy chorus and large ballet sequences.[2] After many frustrated work sessions and the input of Oscar Hammerstein, who had also tried to adapt the play with Richard Rodgers and failed, Lerner and Loewe abandoned the project.[2]

During their hiatus from what would be regarded by many as their most successful musical, Lerner concentrated his efforts on a musical based on the Li'l Abner comic, but was one day reminded of Pygmalion when he came across news of the passing of Gabriel Pascal, the film producer who had brought the opportunity to the duo in the first place.[8]

After reevaluating the state of the musical theater "rules"—or, rather, the new lack of them—and determining that it was no longer necessary to have a subplot or a larger-than-life ensemble, in 1954 both Lerner and Loewe resumed the project and continued their efforts on the adaptation.[2]

The main goal of Lerner and Loewe was not simply to do justice to the original text, but to create the right songs to emphasize character. It took many failed attempts, tossing out unneeded songs and long hours at the piano before coming across the style they both wished to utilize, the dramatization of characters' inner turmoil.[2] It was during work on this musical that Lerner and Loewe spent the most time perfecting songs. This came not just from playing music at the piano, but of talking out moments in the musical and what they both wanted to achieve from these moments.[8]

Lerner has said of Loewe's style that, when they were at the piano, he would often enter dreamlike states where he would continuously play until a musical moment appeared that they were both overjoyed with.[2]

It wasn't until the tail end of the process, with previews looming, that Lerner and Loewe finally decided on a name for the musical. Loewe's vote was for "Fanfaroon," but Lerner believed that bore too close a resemblance to Brigadoon. He, along with the rest of the creative team, decided that out of all their options, they disliked My Fair Lady the least.

The year it opened My Fair Lady won 6 of the 10 Tony Awards for which it was nominated and also won the Theatre World Award for Outstanding New York City Stage Debut Performance.[3] During the time it played it set the record for the longest running Broadway musical, and has had numerous revivals since the original production.[9]

Gigi

Main article: Gigi (1958 film)

Four years after My Fair Lady opened, Lerner sought to collaborate with Loewe on a film.[10] Due to it being outside of stage work, Loewe at first passed on the opportunity, but relented after reading the script.[2]

While in Paris preparing to shoot, Lerner, being more likely to make impulsive decisions, bought a blue Rolls-Royce and convinced Loewe to buy a grey one in an exchange that lasted less than five minutes at the car dealership.[2] The very first film preview of Gigi was not well-received, and it was a combination of the reactions and Lerner and Loewe's own unhappiness with the film that led them to rewrite and re-shoot it, costing them $300,000.[2]

However, these changes were well-received and Gigi won nine Academy Awards,[11] at that time holding the record for the most Oscars won by a single film production.[12]

Camelot

Main article: Camelot (musical)

Much like Pygmalion, inspiration for Camelot came to Lerner from a book, this time, T.H White's The Once and Future King.[9] Loewe had to be more strongly convinced of its commercial appeal, but ultimately was won over.[2]

Camelot was an immensely difficult production for the duo, with the opening preview running four and a half hours and the director, Moss Hart, hospitalized with a heart attack in the middle of previews, forcing Lerner to take over as director and causing tension between Lerner and Loewe.[2] While it was at first difficult to gain the traction they were looking for, the cast's appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show brought the production great success and ended up resulting in Camelot's total profits grossing over seven figures.[2]

Loewe had previously stated to Lerner that Camelot would be his final show before his retirement and, true to his word, he parted ways with Lerner.[2]

Working relationship and personalities

One element Lerner stated was instrumental to his partnership with Loewe was Loewe's patience.[2] Lerner's creative process could take as little as a few hours, and as much as a few weeks, yet he never felt pressured nor shamed by his counterpart.[2] While Loewe did not require as long periods of time to compose his music as Lerner required to write lyrics, he could often be very uncertain in his choices and Lerner was able to provide him with reassurance.[2]

The two were also partial to working in the early morning, particularly Lerner, who believed all his best writing was done as soon as he awakened.[2]

In terms of personality, the two could not be more opposite. Lerner, the younger of the two who was raised in New York, always had an eagerness about him and was quick speaking and moving. Loewe, the older of the two who was brought up in Austria, was more experienced and cynical. However, each understood the other and they developed a very deep friendship.[3]

Final collaboration

Their final collaboration was on the 1974 musical film The Little Prince. The All Movie reviewer wrote: "Although Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe crafted a hummable and entertaining score, it is not among their best work; worse, its tone and style are frequently at odds with the story."[13]

Lerner said this of Loewe:

"There will never be another Fritz... Writing will never again be as much fun. A collaboration as intense as ours inescapably had to be complex. But I loved him more than I understood or misunderstood him and I know he loved me more than he understood or misunderstood me."[2]

In The New York Times obituary for Loewe, it was written: "Near the creative peak of their collaboration, Mr. Lerner characterized his working relationship with Mr. Loewe as pleasant and respectful."[14]

List of theatre works

Films and film adaptations

Notes

  1. ^ a b Kenny, Ellen, and James M. Salem. “A Guide to Critical Reviews, Part II: The Musical from Rodgers-and-Hart to Lerner-and-Loewe.” Notes, vol. 25, no. 2, 1968, p. 245., doi:10.2307/894002.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Lerner, Alan Jay, and John Lahr. The Street Where I Live: a Memoir. W. W. Norton & Company, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Lees, Gene. Inventing Champagne: the Worlds of Lerner and Loewe. St. Martin's Press, 1990.
  4. ^ a b Masso, Giverny, and Tim Bano. “Lerner and Loewe's The Day Before Spring Revived for First Time since 1950s.” The Stage, April 3, 2017.
  5. ^ Lees, Gene (2005). The musical worlds of Lerner and Loewe. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803280408. OCLC 57168821.
  6. ^ Pearson, Barbara. "Out-of-Town Openings: 'The Day Before Spring'", Billboard Magazine, November 10, 1945, p. 38
  7. ^ a b c d Oates, Jennifer. “Brigadoon: Lerner and Loewe's Scotland.” Studies in Musical Theatre, vol. 3, no. 1, 2009, pp. 91–99., doi:10.1386/smt.3.1.91_1.
  8. ^ a b c d e McLamore, Alyson. “Lerner and Loewe.” Musical Theater, 2017, pp. 276–287., doi:10.4324/9781315563770-28.
  9. ^ a b Mordden, Ethan. “Rodgers and Hammerstein and Lerner and Loewe.” When Broadway Went to Hollywood, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 126–183.
  10. ^ Moore, James Ross. “Lerner, Alan Jay (1918-1986), Lyricist, Librettist, and Author.” American National Biography Online, Oct. 2000, doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1802284.
  11. ^ Gigi - Awards, imdb.com. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  12. ^ Gigi - Trivia, imdb.com. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  13. ^ Butler, Craig. "Review" All Movie, retrieved May 28, 2018
  14. ^ Holden, Stephen. "Frederick Loewe Dies at 86; Wrote 'My Fair Lady' Score", The New York Times, February 15, 1988

References

  • Lees, Gene (2005, originally published 1991). The Musical Worlds of Lerner and Loewe. University of Nebraska Press (bisonbooks.com), ISBN 0-8032-8040-8
  • Green, Benny, Editor (1987). A Hymn to Him: The Lyrics of Alan Jay Lerner. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87910-109-1
  • Lerner, Alan Jay (1985). The Street Where I Live. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80602-9
  • Green, Benny. "Frederick Loewe, a prince of musical comedy", The Guardian, February 16, 1988, p. 33

March 08, 2023
lerner, loewe, refers, partnership, between, lyricist, librettist, alan, lerner, composer, frederick, loewe, spanning, three, decades, nine, musicals, from, 1942, 1960, again, from, 1970, 1972, pair, known, being, behind, creation, critical, stage, successes, . Lerner and Loewe refers to the partnership between lyricist and librettist Alan Jay Lerner and composer Frederick Loewe 1 Spanning three decades and nine musicals from 1942 to 1960 and again from 1970 to 1972 the pair are known for being behind the creation of critical on stage successes such as My Fair Lady Brigadoon and Camelot along with the musical film Gigi 2 Lerner and Loewe c 1962 Contents 1 Background and previous work 2 Meeting 3 Early work 3 1 Brigadoon 3 2 Paint Your Wagon 3 3 My Fair Lady 3 4 Gigi 3 5 Camelot 4 Working relationship and personalities 5 Final collaboration 6 List of theatre works 7 Films and film adaptations 8 Notes 9 ReferencesBackground and previous work EditGrowing up in Austria Frederick or Fritz Loewe was a child prodigy concert pianist and son to a Viennese Operetta star Edmond Loewe 2 After moving to New York City he worked as a pianist in German clubs and was accompanist for silent films but never had a partnership before working with Lerner 3 Conversely Alan Lerner was born in New York City and attended Harvard where his first musical theater contributions came from working on collegiate Hasty Pudding musicals 2 Early in his career at Harvard he collaborated with Leonard Bernstein but also did not have any official partnerships until he crossed paths with Loewe 4 Meeting EditIn August 1942 at the Lambs Club in New York City 24 year old American Alan Jay Lerner and 41 year old Austrian Frederick Loewe officially met one another 3 As recounted by Lerner the two men met by chance when Loewe took a wrong turn on his way to the bathroom Loewe asked Lerner if he wrote lyrics and upon affirmation Loewe asked if he wanted to write with him The two began working together immediately afterward 2 Early work EditWhile the two were quick to work with each other the initial two musicals Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe worked on were not a commercial success and would be heavily regarded today as flops 5 The very first of their collaborations Life of the Party was worked on in 1942 at a stock company in Detroit ran for 9 weeks and never made it to a Broadway stage The first of their productions to make it to Broadway was What s Up which received generally if mildly favorable reviews but was not a commercial success Lerner later wrote that the musical ran for only one week before closing 2 but it in fact ran from November 11 1943 to January 4 1944 closing after 63 performances The pair achieved some small success in 1945 with The Day Before Spring 4 This production opened at the National Theatre in late November and closed approximately one year later in April 1946 Despite the short run a Billboard magazine critic gave the musical a favorable review from its opening at the Shubert Theatre in Boston and deemed Lerner and Loewe potential supermen 6 Brigadoon Edit Main article Brigadoon Brigadoon was the pair s first significant hit 7 Loewe and Lerner reportedly auditioned their music fifty times before successfully finding investors to help mount their production 1 Brigadoon s plot centers on two New York natives who are visiting the highlands of Scotland While there they happen upon a village that is enchanted by magic to appear only once every century 7 The material was said to be inspired by the stories of James M Barrie and also a direct quote from Frederick Loewe faith can move mountains 7 The original Broadway production opened in 1947 at the Ziegfeld Theatre and won the Drama Critics Award for Best Musical of the Year 2 In 1949 Brigadoon opened at the West End Theatre in London It has since experienced several successful revivals as well as a film starring Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse 7 Paint Your Wagon Edit Main article Paint Your Wagon musical Regarded by the duo as a success but not a hit Paint Your Wagon opened in 1951 at the Shubert Theatre to mixed reviews 2 The story takes place in California during the Gold Rush and focuses on the relationship between a father who works as a miner and his daughter 8 Two years after its New York opening the musical made its West End debut in 1953 and ran for nearly 500 performances 8 Years later in 1969 Lerner asked Loewe to return to the project to specifically write new songs for the film version Loewe who had since retired declined but gave Lerner permission to collaborate with Andre Previn for the additional songs 2 The one rule Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe abided by for the entirety of their partnership was that if one wished to work with another lyricist or composer he must tell the other this also applied for any time someone requested to work with either one of them 2 While Lerner received permission and created new songs with Previn specifically for the film the reception of the movie musical was predominantly negative 8 The most popular songs from this musical were written in its earliest stages with both Lerner and Loewe at the helm including I Was Born Under a Wand rin Star They Call the Wind Maria and I Talk To The Trees My Fair Lady Edit Main article My Fair Lady My Fair Lady opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre While both Lerner and Loewe were interested in adapting George Bernard Shaw s play Pygmalion into a musical early on in the process they struggled significantly with creating a musical that would fit the musical constructs in place at the time i e a flashy chorus and large ballet sequences 2 After many frustrated work sessions and the input of Oscar Hammerstein who had also tried to adapt the play with Richard Rodgers and failed Lerner and Loewe abandoned the project 2 During their hiatus from what would be regarded by many as their most successful musical Lerner concentrated his efforts on a musical based on the Li l Abner comic but was one day reminded of Pygmalion when he came across news of the passing of Gabriel Pascal the film producer who had brought the opportunity to the duo in the first place 8 After reevaluating the state of the musical theater rules or rather the new lack of them and determining that it was no longer necessary to have a subplot or a larger than life ensemble in 1954 both Lerner and Loewe resumed the project and continued their efforts on the adaptation 2 The main goal of Lerner and Loewe was not simply to do justice to the original text but to create the right songs to emphasize character It took many failed attempts tossing out unneeded songs and long hours at the piano before coming across the style they both wished to utilize the dramatization of characters inner turmoil 2 It was during work on this musical that Lerner and Loewe spent the most time perfecting songs This came not just from playing music at the piano but of talking out moments in the musical and what they both wanted to achieve from these moments 8 Lerner has said of Loewe s style that when they were at the piano he would often enter dreamlike states where he would continuously play until a musical moment appeared that they were both overjoyed with 2 It wasn t until the tail end of the process with previews looming that Lerner and Loewe finally decided on a name for the musical Loewe s vote was for Fanfaroon but Lerner believed that bore too close a resemblance to Brigadoon He along with the rest of the creative team decided that out of all their options they disliked My Fair Lady the least The year it opened My Fair Lady won 6 of the 10 Tony Awards for which it was nominated and also won the Theatre World Award for Outstanding New York City Stage Debut Performance 3 During the time it played it set the record for the longest running Broadway musical and has had numerous revivals since the original production 9 Gigi Edit Main article Gigi 1958 film Four years after My Fair Lady opened Lerner sought to collaborate with Loewe on a film 10 Due to it being outside of stage work Loewe at first passed on the opportunity but relented after reading the script 2 While in Paris preparing to shoot Lerner being more likely to make impulsive decisions bought a blue Rolls Royce and convinced Loewe to buy a grey one in an exchange that lasted less than five minutes at the car dealership 2 The very first film preview of Gigi was not well received and it was a combination of the reactions and Lerner and Loewe s own unhappiness with the film that led them to rewrite and re shoot it costing them 300 000 2 However these changes were well received and Gigi won nine Academy Awards 11 at that time holding the record for the most Oscars won by a single film production 12 Camelot Edit Main article Camelot musical Much like Pygmalion inspiration for Camelot came to Lerner from a book this time T H White s The Once and Future King 9 Loewe had to be more strongly convinced of its commercial appeal but ultimately was won over 2 Camelot was an immensely difficult production for the duo with the opening preview running four and a half hours and the director Moss Hart hospitalized with a heart attack in the middle of previews forcing Lerner to take over as director and causing tension between Lerner and Loewe 2 While it was at first difficult to gain the traction they were looking for the cast s appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show brought the production great success and ended up resulting in Camelot s total profits grossing over seven figures 2 Loewe had previously stated to Lerner that Camelot would be his final show before his retirement and true to his word he parted ways with Lerner 2 Working relationship and personalities EditOne element Lerner stated was instrumental to his partnership with Loewe was Loewe s patience 2 Lerner s creative process could take as little as a few hours and as much as a few weeks yet he never felt pressured nor shamed by his counterpart 2 While Loewe did not require as long periods of time to compose his music as Lerner required to write lyrics he could often be very uncertain in his choices and Lerner was able to provide him with reassurance 2 The two were also partial to working in the early morning particularly Lerner who believed all his best writing was done as soon as he awakened 2 In terms of personality the two could not be more opposite Lerner the younger of the two who was raised in New York always had an eagerness about him and was quick speaking and moving Loewe the older of the two who was brought up in Austria was more experienced and cynical However each understood the other and they developed a very deep friendship 3 Final collaboration EditTheir final collaboration was on the 1974 musical film The Little Prince The All Movie reviewer wrote Although Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe crafted a hummable and entertaining score it is not among their best work worse its tone and style are frequently at odds with the story 13 Lerner said this of Loewe There will never be another Fritz Writing will never again be as much fun A collaboration as intense as ours inescapably had to be complex But I loved him more than I understood or misunderstood him and I know he loved me more than he understood or misunderstood me 2 In The New York Times obituary for Loewe it was written Near the creative peak of their collaboration Mr Lerner characterized his working relationship with Mr Loewe as pleasant and respectful 14 List of theatre works EditLife of the Party 1942 What s Up 1943 The Day Before Spring 1945 Brigadoon 1947 Paint Your Wagon 1951 My Fair Lady 1956 Camelot 1960 Gigi 1973 stage version adapted from the filmFilms and film adaptations EditBrigadoon 1954 Gigi 1958 My Fair Lady 1964 Camelot 1967 Paint Your Wagon 1969 The Little Prince 1974 Notes Edit a b Kenny Ellen and James M Salem A Guide to Critical Reviews Part II The Musical from Rodgers and Hart to Lerner and Loewe Notes vol 25 no 2 1968 p 245 doi 10 2307 894002 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Lerner Alan Jay and John Lahr The Street Where I Live a Memoir W W Norton amp Company 2018 a b c d Lees Gene Inventing Champagne the Worlds of Lerner and Loewe St Martin s Press 1990 a b Masso Giverny and Tim Bano Lerner and Loewe s The Day Before Spring Revived for First Time since 1950s The Stage April 3 2017 Lees Gene 2005 The musical worlds of Lerner and Loewe University of Nebraska Press ISBN 0803280408 OCLC 57168821 Pearson Barbara Out of Town Openings The Day Before Spring Billboard Magazine November 10 1945 p 38 a b c d Oates Jennifer Brigadoon Lerner and Loewe s Scotland Studies in Musical Theatre vol 3 no 1 2009 pp 91 99 doi 10 1386 smt 3 1 91 1 a b c d e McLamore Alyson Lerner and Loewe Musical Theater 2017 pp 276 287 doi 10 4324 9781315563770 28 a b Mordden Ethan Rodgers and Hammerstein and Lerner and Loewe When Broadway Went to Hollywood Oxford University Press 2017 pp 126 183 Moore James Ross Lerner Alan Jay 1918 1986 Lyricist Librettist and Author American National Biography Online Oct 2000 doi 10 1093 anb 9780198606697 article 1802284 Gigi Awards imdb com Retrieved August 5 2021 Gigi Trivia imdb com Retrieved August 5 2021 Butler Craig Review All Movie retrieved May 28 2018 Holden Stephen Frederick Loewe Dies at 86 Wrote My Fair Lady Score The New York Times February 15 1988References EditLees Gene 2005 originally published 1991 The Musical Worlds of Lerner and Loewe University of Nebraska Press bisonbooks com ISBN 0 8032 8040 8 Green Benny Editor 1987 A Hymn to Him The Lyrics of Alan Jay Lerner Hal Leonard Corporation ISBN 0 87910 109 1 Lerner Alan Jay 1985 The Street Where I Live Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 80602 9 Green Benny Frederick Loewe a prince of musical comedy The Guardian February 16 1988 p 33 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lerner and Loewe amp oldid 1119325891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.