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The Sound of Music

The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children. Many songs from the musical have become standards, including "Edelweiss", "My Favorite Things", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Do-Re-Mi", and the title song "The Sound of Music".

The Sound of Music
Original Broadway poster (1959)
MusicRichard Rodgers
LyricsOscar Hammerstein II
BookHoward Lindsay
Russel Crouse
Basis1956 German film Die Trapp-Familie and Maria von Trapp's autobiography The Story of the Trapp Family Singers
Productions
AwardsTony Award for Best Musical

The original Broadway production, starring Mary Martin and Theodore Bikel, opened in 1959[1] and won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, out of nine nominations. The first London production opened at the Palace Theatre in 1961. The show has enjoyed numerous productions and revivals since then. It was adapted as a 1965 film musical starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein; Oscar Hammerstein died of stomach cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere.

History

After viewing The Trapp Family, a 1956 West German film about the von Trapp family, and its 1958 sequel (Die Trapp-Familie in Amerika), stage director Vincent J. Donehue thought that the project would be perfect for his friend Mary Martin; Broadway producers Leland Hayward and Richard Halliday (Martin's husband) agreed.[2] The producers originally envisioned a non-musical play that would be written by Lindsay and Crouse and that would feature songs from the repertoire of the Trapp Family Singers. Then they decided to add an original song or two, perhaps by Rodgers and Hammerstein. But it was soon agreed that the project should feature all new songs and be a musical rather than a play.[3]

Details of the history of the von Trapp family were altered for the musical. The real Georg von Trapp did live with his family in a villa in Aigen, a suburb of Salzburg. He wrote to the Nonnberg Abbey in 1926 asking for a nun to help tutor his sick daughter, and the Mother Abbess sent Maria. His wife, Agathe Whitehead, had died in 1922. The real Maria and Georg married at the Nonnberg Abbey in 1927. Lindsay and Crouse altered the story so that Maria was governess to all of the children, whose names and ages were changed, as was Maria's original surname (the show used "Rainer" instead of "Kutschera"). The von Trapps spent some years in Austria after Maria and the Captain married and he was offered a commission in Germany's navy. Since von Trapp opposed the Nazis by that time, the family left Austria after the Anschluss, going by train to Italy and then traveling on to London and the United States.[4] To make the story more dramatic, Lindsay and Crouse had the family, soon after Maria's and the Captain's wedding, escape over the mountains to Switzerland on foot.

Synopsis

Act I

In Salzburg, Austria, just before World War II, nuns from Nonnberg Abbey sing the Dixit Dominus. One of the postulants, Maria Rainer, is on the nearby mountainside, regretting leaving the beautiful hills ("The Sound of Music"). She returns late to the abbey where the Mother Abbess and the other nuns have been considering what to do about the free-spirit ("Maria"). Maria explains her lateness, saying she was raised on that mountain, and apologizes for singing in the garden without permission. The Mother Abbess joins her in song ("My Favorite Things"). The Mother Abbess tells her that she should spend some time outside the abbey to decide whether she is suited for the monastic life. She will act as the governess to the seven children of a widower, Austro-Hungarian Navy submarine Captain Georg von Trapp.

Maria arrives at the villa of Captain von Trapp. He explains her duties and summons the children with a boatswain's call. They march in, clad in uniforms. He teaches her their individual signals on the call, but she openly disapproves of this militaristic approach. Alone with them, she breaks through their wariness and teaches them the basics of music ("Do-Re-Mi").

Rolf, a young messenger, delivers a telegram and then meets with the oldest child, Liesl, outside the villa. He claims he knows what is right for her because he is a year older than she ("Sixteen Going on Seventeen"). They kiss, and he runs off, leaving her squealing with joy. Meanwhile, the housekeeper, Frau Schmidt, gives Maria material to make new clothes, as Maria had given all her possessions to the poor. Maria sees Liesl slipping in through the window, wet from a sudden thunderstorm, but agrees to keep her secret. The other children are frightened by the storm. Maria sings "The Lonely Goatherd" to distract them.

Captain von Trapp arrives a month later from Vienna with Baroness Elsa Schräder and Max Detweiler. Elsa tells Max that something is preventing the Captain from marrying her. He opines that only poor people have the time for great romances ("How Can Love Survive"). Rolf enters, looking for Liesl, and greets them with "Heil". The Captain orders him away, saying that he is Austrian, not German. Maria and the children leapfrog in, wearing play-clothes that she made from the old drapes in her room. Infuriated, the Captain sends them off to change. She tells him that they need him to love them, and he angrily orders her back to the abbey. As she apologizes, they hear the children singing "The Sound of Music", which she had taught them, to welcome Elsa Schräder. He joins in and embraces them. Alone with Maria, he asks her to stay, thanking her for bringing music back into his house. Elsa is suspicious of her until she explains that she will be returning to the abbey in September.

The Captain gives a party to introduce Elsa, and guests argue over the Nazi German Anschluss (annexation) of Austria. Kurt asks Maria to teach him to dance the Ländler. When he fails to negotiate a complicated figure, the Captain steps in to demonstrate. He and Maria dance until they come face-to-face; and she breaks away, embarrassed and confused. Discussing the expected marriage between Elsa and the Captain, Brigitta tells Maria that she thinks Maria and the Captain are really in love with each other. Elsa asks the Captain to allow the children to say goodnight to the guests with a song, "So Long, Farewell". Max is amazed at their talent and wants them for the Kaltzberg Festival, which he is organizing. The guests leave for the dining room, and Maria slips out the front door with her luggage.

At the abbey, Maria says that she is ready to take her monastic vows; but the Mother Abbess realizes that she is running away from her feelings. She tells her to face the Captain and discover if they love each other, and tells her to search for and find the life she was meant to live ("Climb Ev'ry Mountain").

Act II

Max teaches the children how to sing on stage. When the Captain tries to lead them, they complain that he is not doing it as Maria did. He tells them that he has asked Elsa to marry him. They try to cheer themselves up by singing "My Favorite Things" but are unsuccessful until they hear Maria singing on her way to rejoin them. Learning of the wedding plans, she decides to stay only until the Captain can arrange for another governess. Max and Elsa argue with the Captain about the imminent Anschluss, trying to convince him that it is inevitable ("No Way to Stop It"). When he refuses to compromise on his opposition to it, Elsa breaks off the engagement. Alone, the Captain and Maria finally admit their love, desiring only to be "An Ordinary Couple". As they marry, the nuns reprise "Maria" against the wedding processional.

While Maria and the Captain are on their honeymoon, Max prepares the children to perform at the Kaltzberg Festival. Herr Zeller, the Gauleiter of the region, demands to know why they are not flying the Flag of Nazi Germany now that the Anschluss has occurred. The Captain and Maria return early from their honeymoon before the Festival. In view of the Nazi German occupation, the Captain decides the children should not sing at the event. Max argues that they would sing for Austria, but the Captain points out that it no longer exists. Maria and Liesl discuss romantic love; Maria predicts that in a few years Liesl will be married ("Sixteen Going on Seventeen (Reprise)"). Rolf enters with a telegram that offers the Captain a commission in the German Navy, and Liesl is upset to discover that Rolf is now a committed Nazi. The Captain consults Maria and decides that they must secretly flee Austria. German Admiral von Schreiber arrives to find out why Captain von Trapp has not answered the telegram. He explains that the German Navy holds him in high regard, offers him the commission, and tells him to report immediately to Bremerhaven to assume command. Maria says that he cannot leave immediately, as they are all singing in the Festival concert; and the Admiral agrees to wait.

At the concert, after the von Trapps sing an elaborate reprise of "Do-Re-Mi", Max brings out the Captain's guitar. Captain von Trapp sings "Edelweiss", as a goodbye to his homeland, while using Austria's national flower as a symbol to declare his loyalty to the country. Max asks for an encore and announces that this is the von Trapp family's last chance to sing together, as the honor guard waits to escort the Captain to his new command. While the judges decide on the prizes, the von Trapps sing "So Long, Farewell", leaving the stage in small groups. Max then announces the runners-up, stalling as much as possible. When he announces that the first prize goes to the von Trapps and they do not appear, the Nazis start a search. The family hides at the Abbey, and Sister Margaretta tells them that the borders have been closed. Rolf comes upon them and calls his lieutenant, but after seeing Liesl he changes his mind and tells him they aren't there. The Nazis leave, and the von Trapps flee over the Alps as the nuns reprise "Climb Ev'ry Mountain".

Musical numbers

Notes
  • The musical numbers listed appeared in the original production unless otherwise noted.
  • † Sometimes replaced by "Something Good", which was written for the film version.
  • ‡ Replaced by "The Lonely Goatherd" in the 1998 revival.
  • In some productions, "My Favorite Things" follows "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" in the thunderstorm scene, while "The Lonely Goatherd" is shifted to the concert scene.
  • Many stage revivals have also included "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good", which were written by Richard Rodgers for the film version (since the film was made after original lyricist Oscar Hammerstein's death).
  • Although many people believe that "Edelweiss" is a traditional Austrian song, it was written for the musical and did not become known in Austria until after the film's success.[5]
  • The Ländler dance performed by Maria and the Captain during the party is only loosely based on the traditional Austrian dance of the same name.[6]

Characters and casts

Characters

  • Maria Rainer, a postulant at Nonnberg Abbey
  • Captain Georg von Trapp
  • The Children:
    • Liesl von Trapp, age 16
    • Friedrich von Trapp, age 14
    • Louisa von Trapp, age 13
    • Kurt von Trapp, age 11
    • Brigitta von Trapp, age 10
    • Marta von Trapp, age 7
    • Gretl von Trapp, age 5
  • The Mother Abbess, the head of Nonnberg Abbey
  • Baroness Elsa Schräder[7] "wealthy and sophisticated" and Captain von Trapp's would-be fiancée
  • Max Detweiler, Captain von Trapp's friend, a music agent and producer
  • Rolf Gruber, the 17-year-old Nazi delivery boy who is in love with Liesl
  • Sister Bertha, the Mistress of Novices
  • Sister Margareta, the Mistress of Postulants
  • Sister Sophia, a sister at the Abbey
  • Franz, Captain von Trapp's butler
  • Frau Schmidt, Captain von Trapp's housekeeper
  • Herr Zeller, the Gauleiter
  • Admiral von Schreiber, a high-ranking member of the German Navy
  • Ensemble includes nuns, high-society neighbors of Captain von Trapp who attend the ball thrown in Elsa's honor, Nazi soldiers and contestants in the festival concert[8]

Original casts

Character Original Broadway cast
1959
Original West End cast
1961
1st West End revival
1981
1st Broadway revival
1998
2nd West End revival
2006
Maria Rainer Mary Martin Jean Bayless Petula Clark Rebecca Luker Connie Fisher
Captain Georg von Trapp Theodore Bikel Roger Dann Michael Jayston Michael Siberry Alexander Hanson
The Mother Abbess Patricia Neway Constance Shacklock June Bronhill Patti Cohenour Lesley Garrett
Baroness Elsa Schräder Marion Marlowe Eunice Gayson Honor Blackman Jan Maxwell Lauren Ward
Max Detweiler Kurt Kasznar Harold Kasket John Bennett Fred Applegate Ian Gelder
Liesl von Trapp Lauri Peters Barbara Brown Claire Parker Sara Zelle Sophie Bould
Rolf Gruber Brian Davies Nicholas Bennett Paul Shearstone Dashiell Eaves Neil McDermott

Productions

Original productions

 
Mary Martin and children in a publicity photo, 1959

The Sound of Music premiered at New Haven's Shubert Theatre where it played an eight-performance tryout in October and November 1959 before another short tryout in Boston.[9] The musical then opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, moved to the Mark Hellinger Theatre on November 6, 1962, and closed on June 15, 1963, after 1,443 performances. The director was Vincent J. Donehue, and the choreographer was Joe Layton. The original cast included Mary Martin as Maria, Theodore Bikel as Captain Georg von Trapp, Patricia Neway as Mother Abbess, Kurt Kasznar as Max Detweiler, Marion Marlowe as Elsa Schräder, Brian Davies as Rolf and Lauri Peters as Liesl. Patricia Brooks, June Card and Tatiana Troyanos were ensemble members in the original production. The show tied for the Tony Award for Best Musical with Fiorello!. Other awards included Martin for Best Actress in a Musical, Neway for Best Featured Actress, Best Scenic Design (Oliver Smith) and Best Conductor And Musical Director (Frederick Dvonch). Bikel and Kasznar were nominated for acting awards, and Donehue was nominated for his direction. The entire children's cast was nominated for Best Featured Actress category as a single nominee, even though two of the children were boys.[10]

Martha Wright replaced Martin in the role of Maria on Broadway in October 1961, followed by Karen Gantz in July 1962, Jeannie Carson in August 1962[11] and Nancy Dussault in September 1962. Jon Voight, who eventually married co-star Lauri Peters, was a replacement for Rolf. The national tour starred Florence Henderson as Maria and Beatrice Krebs as Mother Abbess. It opened at the Grand Riviera Theater, Detroit, on February 27, 1961, and closed November 23, 1963, at the O'Keefe Centre, Toronto. Henderson was succeeded by Barbara Meister in June 1962. Theodore Bikel was not satisfied playing the role of the Captain, and Bikel did not like to play the same role over and over again. In his autobiography, he writes: "I promised myself then that if I could afford it, I would never do a run as long as that again."[12] The original Broadway cast album sold three million copies.

The musical premiered in London's West End at the Palace Theatre on May 18, 1961, and ran for 2,385 performances. It was directed by Jerome Whyte and used the original New York choreography, supervised by Joe Layton, and the original sets designed by Oliver Smith. The cast included Jean Bayless as Maria, followed by Sonia Rees, Roger Dann as Captain von Trapp, Constance Shacklock as Mother Abbess, Eunice Gayson as Elsa Schrader, Harold Kasket as Max Detweiler, Barbara Brown as Liesl, Nicholas Bennett as Rolf and Olive Gilbert as Sister Margaretta.[13][14]

1981 London revival

In 1981, at producer Ross Taylor's urging, Petula Clark agreed to star in a revival of the show at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London's West End. Michael Jayston played Captain von Trapp, Honor Blackman was the Baroness and June Bronhill played the Mother Abbess. Other notable cast members included Helen Anker, John Bennett and Martina Grant.[15] Despite her misgivings that, at age 49, she was too old to play the role convincingly, Clark opened to unanimous rave reviews and the largest advance sale in the history of British theatre at that time. Maria von Trapp, who attended the opening night performance, described Clark as "the best" Maria ever. Clark extended her initial six-month contract to thirteen months. Playing to 101 percent of seating capacity, the show set the highest attendance figure for a single week (October 26–31, 1981) of any British musical production in history (as recorded in The Guinness Book of Theatre).[16][17] It was the first stage production to incorporate the two additional songs ("Something Good" and "I Have Confidence") that Richard Rodgers composed for the film version.[18] "My Favorite Things" had a similar context to the film version, while the short verse "A Bell is No Bell" was extended into a full-length song for Maria and the Mother Abbess. "The Lonely Goatherd" was set in a new scene at a village fair.

The cast recording of this production was the first to be recorded digitally. It was released on CD for the first time in 2010 by the UK label Pet Sounds and included two bonus tracks from the original single issued by Epic to promote the production.

1998 Broadway revival

Director Susan H. Schulman staged the first Broadway revival of The Sound of Music, with Rebecca Luker as Maria and Michael Siberry as Captain von Trapp. It also featured Patti Cohenour as Mother Abbess, Jan Maxwell as Elsa Schrader, Fred Applegate as Max Detweiler, Dashiell Eaves as Rolf, Patricia Conolly as Frau Schmidt and Laura Benanti, in her Broadway debut, as Luker's understudy. Later, Luker and Siberry were replaced by Richard Chamberlain as the Captain and Benanti as Maria. Lou Taylor Pucci made his Broadway debut as the understudy for Kurt von Trapp. The production opened on March 12, 1998, at the Martin Beck Theatre, and closed on June 20, 1999, after 533 performances. This production was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical.[19] It then toured in North America.

2006 London revival

 
The Sound of Music showing at the London Palladium in 2009

An Andrew Lloyd Webber production opened on November 15, 2006, at the London Palladium and ran until February 2009, produced by Live Nation's David Ian and Jeremy Sams. Following failed negotiations with Hollywood star Scarlett Johansson,[20] the role of Maria was cast through a UK talent search reality TV show called How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria? The talent show was produced by (and starred) Andrew Lloyd Webber and featured presenter/comedian Graham Norton and a judging panel of David Ian, John Barrowman and Zoe Tyler.

Connie Fisher was selected by public voting as the winner of the show. In early 2007, Fisher suffered from a heavy cold that prevented her from performing for two weeks. To prevent further disruptions, an alternate Maria, Aoife Mulholland, a fellow contestant on How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, played Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinee performances. Simon Shepherd was originally cast as Captain von Trapp, but after two preview performances he was withdrawn from the production, and Alexander Hanson moved into the role in time for the official opening date along with Lesley Garrett as the Mother Abbess. After Garrett left, Margaret Preece took the role. The cast also featured Lauren Ward as the Baroness, Ian Gelder as Max, Sophie Bould as Liesl, and Neil McDermott as Rolf. Other notable replacements have included Simon Burke and Simon MacCorkindale as the Captain and newcomer Amy Lennox as Liesl. Summer Strallen replaced Fisher in February 2008,[21] with Mulholland portraying Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinees.[22]

The revival received enthusiastic reviews, especially for Fisher, Preece, Bould and Garrett. A cast recording of the London Palladium cast was released.[23] The production closed on February 21, 2009, after a run of over two years[24] and was followed by a UK national tour, described below.

Other notable productions

1960s to 2000

The first Australian production opened at Melbourne's Princess Theatre in 1961 and ran for three years. The production was directed by Charles Hickman, with musical numbers staged by Ernest Parham. The cast included June Bronhill as Maria, Peter Graves as Captain von Trapp and Rosina Raisbeck as Mother Abbess. A touring company then played for years, with Vanessa Lee (Graves' wife) in the role of Maria. The cast recording made in 1961 was the first time a major overseas production featuring Australian artists was transferred to disc.[25][26]

In 1988, the Moon Troupe of Takarazuka Revue performed the musical at the Bow Hall (Takarazuka, Hyōgo). Harukaze Hitomi and Gou Mayuka starred.[27] A 1990 New York City Opera production, directed by Oscar Hammerstein II's son, James, featured Debby Boone as Maria, Laurence Guittard as Captain von Trapp, and Werner Klemperer as Max.[28]

An Australian revival played in the Lyric Theatre, Sydney, New South Wales, from November 1999 to February 2000. Lisa McCune played Maria, John Waters was Captain von Trapp, Bert Newton was Max, Eilene Hannan was Mother Abbess and Rachel Marley was Marta. This production was based on the 1998 Broadway revival staging.[29] The production then toured until February 2001, in Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. Rachael Beck took over as Maria in Perth and Adelaide, and Rob Guest took over as Captain von Trapp in Perth.[30][31][32][33]

21st century

An Austrian production premiered in 2005 at the Volksoper Wien in German. It was directed and choreographed by Renaud Doucet. The cast included Sandra Pires as Maria, Kurt Schreibmayer and Michael Kraus as von Trapp, with Heidi Brunner as Mother Abbess. The song "Do-Re-Mi" was rewritten as "C wie Cellophanpapier", replacing the solfège syllables with the German letter notation C through H and selecting mnemonics that begin with each letter.[34] As of 2021, the production was still in the repertoire of the Volksoper with 12–20 performances per season.[35][36][37]

The Salzburg Marionette Theatre has toured extensively with their version that features the recorded voices of Broadway singers such as Christiane Noll as Maria.[38] The tour began in Dallas, Texas, in 2007[39] and continued in Salzburg in 2008.[40] The director is Richard Hamburger.[41] In 2008, a Brazilian production with Kiara Sasso as Maria and Herson Capri as the Captain played in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo,[42] and a Dutch production was mounted with Wieneke Remmers as Maria, directed by John Yost.[43]

Andrew Lloyd Webber, David Ian and David Mirvish presented The Sound of Music at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto from 2008 to 2010. The role of Maria was chosen by the public through a television show, How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?, which was produced by Lloyd Webber and Ian and aired in mid-2008. Elicia MacKenzie won[44] and played the role six times a week, while the runner-up in the TV show, Janna Polzin, played Maria twice a week.[45] Captain von Trapp was played by Burke Moses. The show ran for more than 500 performances. It was Toronto's longest running revival ever.[46]

A UK tour began in 2009 and visited more than two dozen cities before ending in 2011. The original cast included Connie Fisher as Maria, Michael Praed as Captain von Trapp and Margaret Preece as the Mother Abbess. Kirsty Malpass was the alternate Maria.[47] Jason Donovan assumed the role of Captain Von Trapp, and Verity Rushworth took over as Maria, in early 2011. Lesley Garrett reprised her role as Mother Abbess for the tour's final engagement in Wimbledon in October 2011.

A production ran at the Ópera-Citi theater in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2011. The cast included Laura Conforte as Maria and Diego Ramos as Captain Von Trapp.[48] A Spanish national tour began in November 2011 at the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. The tour visited 29 Spanish cities, spending one year in Madrid's Gran Vía at the Teatro Coliseum, and one season at the Tívoli Theatre in Barcelona. It was directed by Jaime Azpilicueta and starred Silvia Luchetti as Maria and Carlos J. Benito as Captain Von Trapp.[49]

A production was mounted at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park from July to September 2013.[50][51] It starred Charlotte Wakefield as Maria, with Michael Xavier as Captain von Trapp and Caroline Keiff as Elsa.[50] It received enthusiastic reviews and became the highest-grossing production ever at the theatre.[50] In 2014, the show was nominated for Best Musical Revival at the Laurence Olivier Awards and Wakefield was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical.[52]

A brief South Korean production played in 2014,[53] as did a South African production at the Artscape in Cape Town and at the Teatro at Montecasino based on Lloyd Webber and Ian's London Palladium production.[54] The same year, a Spanish language translation opened at Teatro de la Universidad in San Juan, under the direction of Edgar García. It starred Lourdes Robles as Maria and Braulio Castillo as Captain Von Trapp, with Dagmar as Elsa.[55] A production (in Thai: มนต์รักเพลงสวรรค์) ran at Muangthai ratchadalai Theatre, Bangkok, Thailand, in April 2015 in the Thai language. The production replaced the song "Ordinary couple" with "Something Good".[56][57][58]

A North American tour, directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Danny Mefford, began at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles in September 2015. The tour ran until July 2017.[59] Kerstin Anderson played Maria, with Ben Davis as Capt. von Trapp and Ashley Brown as Mother Abess. The production has received warm reviews.[60] A UK tour produced by Bill Kenwright began in 2015 and toured into 2016. It was directed by Martin Connor and starred Lucy O'Byrne as Maria.[61][62] A 2016 Australian tour of the Lloyd Webber production, directed by Sams, included stops in Sydney,[63] Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide. The cast included Amy Lehpamer as Maria, Cameron Daddo as Captain Von Trapp, Marina Prior as Baroness Schraeder and Lorraine Bayly as Frau Schmidt. The choreographer was Arlene Phillips.[64]

Film adaptation

On March 2, 1965, 20th Century Fox released a film adaptation of the musical starring Julie Andrews as Maria Rainer and Christopher Plummer as Captain Georg von Trapp. It was produced and directed by Robert Wise with the screenplay adaptation written by Ernest Lehman. Two songs were written by Rodgers specifically for the film, "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good". The film won five Oscars at the 38th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Television adaptations

A live televised production of the musical aired twice in December 2013 on NBC.[65] It was directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller and Rob Ashford.[66] Carrie Underwood starred as Maria, with Stephen Moyer as Captain von Trapp, Christian Borle as Max, Laura Benanti as Elsa, and Audra McDonald as the Mother Abbess.[67] The production was released on DVD the same month.[68]

British network ITV presented a live version of its own on December 20, 2015. It starred Kara Tointon as Maria, Julian Ovenden as Captain von Trapp, Katherine Kelly as the Baroness and Alexander Armstrong as Max.[69][70]

Reception

Most reviews of the original Broadway production were favorable. Richard Watts Jr. of the New York Post stated that the show had "strangely gentle charm that is wonderfully endearing. The Sound of Music strives for nothing in the way of smash effects, substituting instead a kind of gracious and unpretentious simplicity."[71] The New York World-Telegram and Sun pronounced The Sound of Music "the loveliest musical imaginable. It places Rodgers and Hammerstein back in top form as melodist and lyricist. The Lindsay-Crouse dialogue is vibrant and amusing in a plot that rises to genuine excitement."[71] The New York Journal American's review opined that The Sound of Music is "the most mature product of the team ... it seemed to me to be the full ripening of these two extraordinary talents".[71]

Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times gave a mixed assessment. He praised Mary Martin's performance, saying "she still has the same common touch ... same sharp features, goodwill, and glowing personality that makes music sound intimate and familiar" and stated that "the best of the Sound of Music is Rodgers and Hammerstein in good form". However, he said, the libretto "has the hackneyed look of the musical theatre replaced with Oklahoma! in 1943. It is disappointing to see the American musical stage succumbing to the clichés of operetta."[71] Walter Kerr's review in the New York Herald Tribune was unfavorable: "Before The Sound of Music is halfway through its promising chores it becomes not only too sweet for words but almost too sweet for music", stating that the "evening suffer(s) from little children".[71]

Cast recordings

Columbia Masterworks recorded the original Broadway cast album at the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City a week after the show's 1959 opening. The album was the label's first deluxe package in a gatefold jacket, priced $1 higher than previous cast albums. It was No. 1 on Billboard's best-selling albums chart for 16 weeks in 1960.[72] It was released on CD from Sony in the Columbia Broadway Masterworks series.[73] In 1959, singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records[74] on the day that the musical opened on Broadway. The 1961 London production was recorded by EMI and released on the HMV label and later re-issued on CD in 1997, on the Broadway Angel label.[75]

The 1965 film soundtrack was released by RCA Victor and is one of the most successful soundtrack albums in history, having sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[76][77] RCA Victor also released an album of the 1998 Broadway revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast, including Rebecca Luker, Michael Siberry, Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate.[78] The Telarc label made a studio cast recording of The Sound of Music, with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel (1987). The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Håkan Hagegård as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.[18] The recording "includes both the two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of "An Ordinary Couple"".[79] The 2006 London revival was recorded and has been released on the Decca Broadway label.[80] There have been numerous studio cast albums and foreign cast albums issued, though many have only received regional distribution. According to the cast album database, there are 62 recordings of the score that have been issued over the years.[81]

The soundtrack from the 2013 NBC television production starring Carrie Underwood and Stephen Moyer was released on CD and digital download in December 2013 on the Sony Masterworks label. Also featured on the album are Audra McDonald, Laura Benanti and Christian Borle.[82]

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

Year Award ceremony Category Nominee Result
1960 Tony Award Best Musical Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical Mary Martin Won
Best Featured Actor in a Musical Theodore Bikel Nominated
Kurt Kasznar Nominated
Best Featured Actress in a Musical Patricia Neway Won
Kathy Dunn, Lauri Peters, Mary Susan Locke, Marilyn Rogers, Evanna Lien, William Snowden, and Joseph Stewart Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical Vincent J. Donehue Nominated
Best Conductor and Musical Director Frederick Dvonch Won
Best Scenic Design of a Musical Oliver Smith Won
Theatre World Award Lauri Peters Won
1967 Outer Critics Circle Special Award Constance Towers Won

1998 Broadway Revival

Year Award ceremony Category Nominee Result
1998 Tony Award Best Revival of a Musical Nominated
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Orchestrations Bruce Coughlin Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Rebecca Luker Nominated
Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical Jan Maxwell Nominated
Outstanding Set Design Heidi Ettinger Nominated
Drama League Award Distinguished Production of a Revival Nominated

Notes

  1. ^ . LIFE.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
  2. ^ Nolan, 244
  3. ^ "The Sound of Music :: Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization :: Show Details". The Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011. (Show History section)
  4. ^ Gearin, Joan. Movie vs. Reality: The Real Story of the von Trapp Family June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Prologue magazine, Winter 2005, Vol. 37, No. 4, National Archives and Records Administration
  5. ^ "Information from the BBC website". Bbc.co.uk. November 16, 1959. from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  6. ^ . Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012.
  7. ^ Rodgers, Richard; Hammerstein, Oscar (1960). The Sound of Music. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-88188-050-2. from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
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References

  • Green, Stanley. Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre (1980). Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80113-2
  • Hischak, Thomas. The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia (2007). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-34140-0
  • Maslon, Laurence, with a foreword by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The Sound of Music Companion (2007) Simon and Schuster ISBN 1-4165-4954-4
  • Nolan, Frederick. The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers & Hammerstein, New York: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN 1-55783-473-3
  • Suskin, Steven. Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre (1990), Schirmer Books ISBN 0-02-872625-1

Further reading

  • Bell, Bethany, "Austria discovers The Sound of Music", BBC, Saturday, March 19, 2005.
  • Block, Geoffrey. The Richard Rodgers Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Ewen, David. With a Song in His Heart (Richard Rodgers). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963.
  • Fordin, Hugh. Getting To Know Him: The Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II. New York: Random House, 1977; Decapo Press, 1995.
  • Green, Stanley. The Rodgers and Hammerstein Fact Book. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard, 1980.
  • Hirsch, Julia Antopol. The Sound Of Music—The Making Of America's Favorite Movie. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1993
  • Mordden, Ethan. Rodgers & Hammerstein. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1992.
  • Papamichael, Stella. The Sound of Music: 40th Anniversary Collector's Edition DVD (1965), BBC, review and history, November 23, 2005
  • Wilk, Max. The Making of The Sound of Music (2007), Routledge ISBN 0-415-97934-X

External links

  • ​The Sound of Music​ at the Internet Broadway Database
  • The Sound of Music at RNH Theatricals
  • Synopsis on theatrehistory
  • Sound of Music character descriptions and plot summary from StageAgent.com
  • The Sound of Music: 50th Anniversary Edition Podcast Series

sound, music, this, article, about, stage, musical, 1965, film, adaptation, film, other, uses, disambiguation, musical, with, music, richard, rodgers, lyrics, oscar, hammerstein, book, howard, lindsay, russel, crouse, based, 1949, memoir, maria, trapp, story, . This article is about the stage musical For the 1965 film adaptation see The Sound of Music film For other uses see The Sound of Music disambiguation The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse It is based on the 1949 memoir of Maria von Trapp The Story of the Trapp Family Singers Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938 the musical tells the story of Maria who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun She falls in love with the children and eventually their widowed father Captain von Trapp He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy but he opposes the Nazis He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children Many songs from the musical have become standards including Edelweiss My Favorite Things Climb Ev ry Mountain Do Re Mi and the title song The Sound of Music The Sound of MusicOriginal Broadway poster 1959 MusicRichard RodgersLyricsOscar Hammerstein IIBookHoward LindsayRussel CrouseBasis1956 German film Die Trapp Familie and Maria von Trapp s autobiography The Story of the Trapp Family SingersProductions1959 Broadway 1961 West End International productions 1981 West End revival 1998 Broadway revival 2006 West End revival 2009 11 UK Tour 2015 16 US Tour 2015 16 UK TourAwardsTony Award for Best MusicalThe original Broadway production starring Mary Martin and Theodore Bikel opened in 1959 1 and won five Tony Awards including Best Musical out of nine nominations The first London production opened at the Palace Theatre in 1961 The show has enjoyed numerous productions and revivals since then It was adapted as a 1965 film musical starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer which won five Academy Awards including Best Picture The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein Oscar Hammerstein died of stomach cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere Contents 1 History 2 Synopsis 2 1 Act I 2 2 Act II 3 Musical numbers 4 Characters and casts 4 1 Characters 4 2 Original casts 5 Productions 5 1 Original productions 5 2 1981 London revival 5 3 1998 Broadway revival 5 4 2006 London revival 5 5 Other notable productions 5 5 1 1960s to 2000 5 5 2 21st century 6 Film adaptation 7 Television adaptations 8 Reception 9 Cast recordings 10 Awards and nominations 10 1 Original Broadway production 10 2 1998 Broadway Revival 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksHistory EditAfter viewing The Trapp Family a 1956 West German film about the von Trapp family and its 1958 sequel Die Trapp Familie in Amerika stage director Vincent J Donehue thought that the project would be perfect for his friend Mary Martin Broadway producers Leland Hayward and Richard Halliday Martin s husband agreed 2 The producers originally envisioned a non musical play that would be written by Lindsay and Crouse and that would feature songs from the repertoire of the Trapp Family Singers Then they decided to add an original song or two perhaps by Rodgers and Hammerstein But it was soon agreed that the project should feature all new songs and be a musical rather than a play 3 Details of the history of the von Trapp family were altered for the musical The real Georg von Trapp did live with his family in a villa in Aigen a suburb of Salzburg He wrote to the Nonnberg Abbey in 1926 asking for a nun to help tutor his sick daughter and the Mother Abbess sent Maria His wife Agathe Whitehead had died in 1922 The real Maria and Georg married at the Nonnberg Abbey in 1927 Lindsay and Crouse altered the story so that Maria was governess to all of the children whose names and ages were changed as was Maria s original surname the show used Rainer instead of Kutschera The von Trapps spent some years in Austria after Maria and the Captain married and he was offered a commission in Germany s navy Since von Trapp opposed the Nazis by that time the family left Austria after the Anschluss going by train to Italy and then traveling on to London and the United States 4 To make the story more dramatic Lindsay and Crouse had the family soon after Maria s and the Captain s wedding escape over the mountains to Switzerland on foot Synopsis EditAct I Edit In Salzburg Austria just before World War II nuns from Nonnberg Abbey sing the Dixit Dominus One of the postulants Maria Rainer is on the nearby mountainside regretting leaving the beautiful hills The Sound of Music She returns late to the abbey where the Mother Abbess and the other nuns have been considering what to do about the free spirit Maria Maria explains her lateness saying she was raised on that mountain and apologizes for singing in the garden without permission The Mother Abbess joins her in song My Favorite Things The Mother Abbess tells her that she should spend some time outside the abbey to decide whether she is suited for the monastic life She will act as the governess to the seven children of a widower Austro Hungarian Navy submarine Captain Georg von Trapp Maria arrives at the villa of Captain von Trapp He explains her duties and summons the children with a boatswain s call They march in clad in uniforms He teaches her their individual signals on the call but she openly disapproves of this militaristic approach Alone with them she breaks through their wariness and teaches them the basics of music Do Re Mi Rolf a young messenger delivers a telegram and then meets with the oldest child Liesl outside the villa He claims he knows what is right for her because he is a year older than she Sixteen Going on Seventeen They kiss and he runs off leaving her squealing with joy Meanwhile the housekeeper Frau Schmidt gives Maria material to make new clothes as Maria had given all her possessions to the poor Maria sees Liesl slipping in through the window wet from a sudden thunderstorm but agrees to keep her secret The other children are frightened by the storm Maria sings The Lonely Goatherd to distract them Captain von Trapp arrives a month later from Vienna with Baroness Elsa Schrader and Max Detweiler Elsa tells Max that something is preventing the Captain from marrying her He opines that only poor people have the time for great romances How Can Love Survive Rolf enters looking for Liesl and greets them with Heil The Captain orders him away saying that he is Austrian not German Maria and the children leapfrog in wearing play clothes that she made from the old drapes in her room Infuriated the Captain sends them off to change She tells him that they need him to love them and he angrily orders her back to the abbey As she apologizes they hear the children singing The Sound of Music which she had taught them to welcome Elsa Schrader He joins in and embraces them Alone with Maria he asks her to stay thanking her for bringing music back into his house Elsa is suspicious of her until she explains that she will be returning to the abbey in September The Captain gives a party to introduce Elsa and guests argue over the Nazi German Anschluss annexation of Austria Kurt asks Maria to teach him to dance the Landler When he fails to negotiate a complicated figure the Captain steps in to demonstrate He and Maria dance until they come face to face and she breaks away embarrassed and confused Discussing the expected marriage between Elsa and the Captain Brigitta tells Maria that she thinks Maria and the Captain are really in love with each other Elsa asks the Captain to allow the children to say goodnight to the guests with a song So Long Farewell Max is amazed at their talent and wants them for the Kaltzberg Festival which he is organizing The guests leave for the dining room and Maria slips out the front door with her luggage At the abbey Maria says that she is ready to take her monastic vows but the Mother Abbess realizes that she is running away from her feelings She tells her to face the Captain and discover if they love each other and tells her to search for and find the life she was meant to live Climb Ev ry Mountain Act II Edit Max teaches the children how to sing on stage When the Captain tries to lead them they complain that he is not doing it as Maria did He tells them that he has asked Elsa to marry him They try to cheer themselves up by singing My Favorite Things but are unsuccessful until they hear Maria singing on her way to rejoin them Learning of the wedding plans she decides to stay only until the Captain can arrange for another governess Max and Elsa argue with the Captain about the imminent Anschluss trying to convince him that it is inevitable No Way to Stop It When he refuses to compromise on his opposition to it Elsa breaks off the engagement Alone the Captain and Maria finally admit their love desiring only to be An Ordinary Couple As they marry the nuns reprise Maria against the wedding processional While Maria and the Captain are on their honeymoon Max prepares the children to perform at the Kaltzberg Festival Herr Zeller the Gauleiter of the region demands to know why they are not flying the Flag of Nazi Germany now that the Anschluss has occurred The Captain and Maria return early from their honeymoon before the Festival In view of the Nazi German occupation the Captain decides the children should not sing at the event Max argues that they would sing for Austria but the Captain points out that it no longer exists Maria and Liesl discuss romantic love Maria predicts that in a few years Liesl will be married Sixteen Going on Seventeen Reprise Rolf enters with a telegram that offers the Captain a commission in the German Navy and Liesl is upset to discover that Rolf is now a committed Nazi The Captain consults Maria and decides that they must secretly flee Austria German Admiral von Schreiber arrives to find out why Captain von Trapp has not answered the telegram He explains that the German Navy holds him in high regard offers him the commission and tells him to report immediately to Bremerhaven to assume command Maria says that he cannot leave immediately as they are all singing in the Festival concert and the Admiral agrees to wait At the concert after the von Trapps sing an elaborate reprise of Do Re Mi Max brings out the Captain s guitar Captain von Trapp sings Edelweiss as a goodbye to his homeland while using Austria s national flower as a symbol to declare his loyalty to the country Max asks for an encore and announces that this is the von Trapp family s last chance to sing together as the honor guard waits to escort the Captain to his new command While the judges decide on the prizes the von Trapps sing So Long Farewell leaving the stage in small groups Max then announces the runners up stalling as much as possible When he announces that the first prize goes to the von Trapps and they do not appear the Nazis start a search The family hides at the Abbey and Sister Margaretta tells them that the borders have been closed Rolf comes upon them and calls his lieutenant but after seeing Liesl he changes his mind and tells him they aren t there The Nazis leave and the von Trapps flee over the Alps as the nuns reprise Climb Ev ry Mountain Musical numbers EditAct I Preludium Mother Abbess with Nuns The Sound of Music Maria Maria Sister Berthe Sister Sophia Sister Margaretta and the Mother Abbess My Favorite Things Maria and the Mother Abbess My Favorite Things reprise 1 Maria Do Re Mi Maria and the children Sixteen Going on Seventeen Rolf and Liesl The Lonely Goatherd Maria and the children The Lonely Goatherd reprise Gretl How Can Love Survive Max and Elsa The Sound of Music reprise Maria the Captain and the children Landler instrumental So Long Farewell The children Morning Hymn Nuns Climb Ev ry Mountain Mother Abbess Act II My Favorite Things reprise 2 Maria and the children No Way to Stop It Elsa Max and the Captain An Ordinary Couple Maria and the Captain Gaudeamus Domino Nuns Maria reprise Nuns Confitemini Domino Nuns Sixteen Going on Seventeen reprise Maria and Liesl Do Re Mi reprise Maria the Captain and the children Edelweiss The Captain So Long Farewell reprise Maria the Captain and the children Finale Ultimo reprise of Climb Every Mountain Nuns NotesThe musical numbers listed appeared in the original production unless otherwise noted Sometimes replaced by Something Good which was written for the film version Replaced by The Lonely Goatherd in the 1998 revival In some productions My Favorite Things follows Sixteen Going on Seventeen in the thunderstorm scene while The Lonely Goatherd is shifted to the concert scene Many stage revivals have also included I Have Confidence and Something Good which were written by Richard Rodgers for the film version since the film was made after original lyricist Oscar Hammerstein s death Although many people believe that Edelweiss is a traditional Austrian song it was written for the musical and did not become known in Austria until after the film s success 5 The Landler dance performed by Maria and the Captain during the party is only loosely based on the traditional Austrian dance of the same name 6 Characters and casts EditCharacters Edit Maria Rainer a postulant at Nonnberg Abbey Captain Georg von Trapp The Children Liesl von Trapp age 16 Friedrich von Trapp age 14 Louisa von Trapp age 13 Kurt von Trapp age 11 Brigitta von Trapp age 10 Marta von Trapp age 7 Gretl von Trapp age 5 The Mother Abbess the head of Nonnberg Abbey Baroness Elsa Schrader 7 wealthy and sophisticated and Captain von Trapp s would be fiancee Max Detweiler Captain von Trapp s friend a music agent and producer Rolf Gruber the 17 year old Nazi delivery boy who is in love with Liesl Sister Bertha the Mistress of Novices Sister Margareta the Mistress of Postulants Sister Sophia a sister at the Abbey Franz Captain von Trapp s butler Frau Schmidt Captain von Trapp s housekeeper Herr Zeller the Gauleiter Admiral von Schreiber a high ranking member of the German Navy Ensemble includes nuns high society neighbors of Captain von Trapp who attend the ball thrown in Elsa s honor Nazi soldiers and contestants in the festival concert 8 Original casts Edit Character Original Broadway cast 1959 Original West End cast 1961 1st West End revival 1981 1st Broadway revival 1998 2nd West End revival 2006Maria Rainer Mary Martin Jean Bayless Petula Clark Rebecca Luker Connie FisherCaptain Georg von Trapp Theodore Bikel Roger Dann Michael Jayston Michael Siberry Alexander HansonThe Mother Abbess Patricia Neway Constance Shacklock June Bronhill Patti Cohenour Lesley GarrettBaroness Elsa Schrader Marion Marlowe Eunice Gayson Honor Blackman Jan Maxwell Lauren WardMax Detweiler Kurt Kasznar Harold Kasket John Bennett Fred Applegate Ian GelderLiesl von Trapp Lauri Peters Barbara Brown Claire Parker Sara Zelle Sophie BouldRolf Gruber Brian Davies Nicholas Bennett Paul Shearstone Dashiell Eaves Neil McDermottProductions EditOriginal productions Edit Mary Martin and children in a publicity photo 1959 The Sound of Music premiered at New Haven s Shubert Theatre where it played an eight performance tryout in October and November 1959 before another short tryout in Boston 9 The musical then opened on Broadway at the Lunt Fontanne Theatre on November 16 1959 moved to the Mark Hellinger Theatre on November 6 1962 and closed on June 15 1963 after 1 443 performances The director was Vincent J Donehue and the choreographer was Joe Layton The original cast included Mary Martin as Maria Theodore Bikel as Captain Georg von Trapp Patricia Neway as Mother Abbess Kurt Kasznar as Max Detweiler Marion Marlowe as Elsa Schrader Brian Davies as Rolf and Lauri Peters as Liesl Patricia Brooks June Card and Tatiana Troyanos were ensemble members in the original production The show tied for the Tony Award for Best Musical with Fiorello Other awards included Martin for Best Actress in a Musical Neway for Best Featured Actress Best Scenic Design Oliver Smith and Best Conductor And Musical Director Frederick Dvonch Bikel and Kasznar were nominated for acting awards and Donehue was nominated for his direction The entire children s cast was nominated for Best Featured Actress category as a single nominee even though two of the children were boys 10 Martha Wright replaced Martin in the role of Maria on Broadway in October 1961 followed by Karen Gantz in July 1962 Jeannie Carson in August 1962 11 and Nancy Dussault in September 1962 Jon Voight who eventually married co star Lauri Peters was a replacement for Rolf The national tour starred Florence Henderson as Maria and Beatrice Krebs as Mother Abbess It opened at the Grand Riviera Theater Detroit on February 27 1961 and closed November 23 1963 at the O Keefe Centre Toronto Henderson was succeeded by Barbara Meister in June 1962 Theodore Bikel was not satisfied playing the role of the Captain and Bikel did not like to play the same role over and over again In his autobiography he writes I promised myself then that if I could afford it I would never do a run as long as that again 12 The original Broadway cast album sold three million copies The musical premiered in London s West End at the Palace Theatre on May 18 1961 and ran for 2 385 performances It was directed by Jerome Whyte and used the original New York choreography supervised by Joe Layton and the original sets designed by Oliver Smith The cast included Jean Bayless as Maria followed by Sonia Rees Roger Dann as Captain von Trapp Constance Shacklock as Mother Abbess Eunice Gayson as Elsa Schrader Harold Kasket as Max Detweiler Barbara Brown as Liesl Nicholas Bennett as Rolf and Olive Gilbert as Sister Margaretta 13 14 1981 London revival Edit In 1981 at producer Ross Taylor s urging Petula Clark agreed to star in a revival of the show at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London s West End Michael Jayston played Captain von Trapp Honor Blackman was the Baroness and June Bronhill played the Mother Abbess Other notable cast members included Helen Anker John Bennett and Martina Grant 15 Despite her misgivings that at age 49 she was too old to play the role convincingly Clark opened to unanimous rave reviews and the largest advance sale in the history of British theatre at that time Maria von Trapp who attended the opening night performance described Clark as the best Maria ever Clark extended her initial six month contract to thirteen months Playing to 101 percent of seating capacity the show set the highest attendance figure for a single week October 26 31 1981 of any British musical production in history as recorded in The Guinness Book of Theatre 16 17 It was the first stage production to incorporate the two additional songs Something Good and I Have Confidence that Richard Rodgers composed for the film version 18 My Favorite Things had a similar context to the film version while the short verse A Bell is No Bell was extended into a full length song for Maria and the Mother Abbess The Lonely Goatherd was set in a new scene at a village fair The cast recording of this production was the first to be recorded digitally It was released on CD for the first time in 2010 by the UK label Pet Sounds and included two bonus tracks from the original single issued by Epic to promote the production 1998 Broadway revival Edit Director Susan H Schulman staged the first Broadway revival of The Sound of Music with Rebecca Luker as Maria and Michael Siberry as Captain von Trapp It also featured Patti Cohenour as Mother Abbess Jan Maxwell as Elsa Schrader Fred Applegate as Max Detweiler Dashiell Eaves as Rolf Patricia Conolly as Frau Schmidt and Laura Benanti in her Broadway debut as Luker s understudy Later Luker and Siberry were replaced by Richard Chamberlain as the Captain and Benanti as Maria Lou Taylor Pucci made his Broadway debut as the understudy for Kurt von Trapp The production opened on March 12 1998 at the Martin Beck Theatre and closed on June 20 1999 after 533 performances This production was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical 19 It then toured in North America 2006 London revival Edit The Sound of Music showing at the London Palladium in 2009 An Andrew Lloyd Webber production opened on November 15 2006 at the London Palladium and ran until February 2009 produced by Live Nation s David Ian and Jeremy Sams Following failed negotiations with Hollywood star Scarlett Johansson 20 the role of Maria was cast through a UK talent search reality TV show called How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria The talent show was produced by and starred Andrew Lloyd Webber and featured presenter comedian Graham Norton and a judging panel of David Ian John Barrowman and Zoe Tyler Connie Fisher was selected by public voting as the winner of the show In early 2007 Fisher suffered from a heavy cold that prevented her from performing for two weeks To prevent further disruptions an alternate Maria Aoife Mulholland a fellow contestant on How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria played Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinee performances Simon Shepherd was originally cast as Captain von Trapp but after two preview performances he was withdrawn from the production and Alexander Hanson moved into the role in time for the official opening date along with Lesley Garrett as the Mother Abbess After Garrett left Margaret Preece took the role The cast also featured Lauren Ward as the Baroness Ian Gelder as Max Sophie Bould as Liesl and Neil McDermott as Rolf Other notable replacements have included Simon Burke and Simon MacCorkindale as the Captain and newcomer Amy Lennox as Liesl Summer Strallen replaced Fisher in February 2008 21 with Mulholland portraying Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinees 22 The revival received enthusiastic reviews especially for Fisher Preece Bould and Garrett A cast recording of the London Palladium cast was released 23 The production closed on February 21 2009 after a run of over two years 24 and was followed by a UK national tour described below Other notable productions Edit 1960s to 2000 Edit The first Australian production opened at Melbourne s Princess Theatre in 1961 and ran for three years The production was directed by Charles Hickman with musical numbers staged by Ernest Parham The cast included June Bronhill as Maria Peter Graves as Captain von Trapp and Rosina Raisbeck as Mother Abbess A touring company then played for years with Vanessa Lee Graves wife in the role of Maria The cast recording made in 1961 was the first time a major overseas production featuring Australian artists was transferred to disc 25 26 In 1988 the Moon Troupe of Takarazuka Revue performed the musical at the Bow Hall Takarazuka Hyōgo Harukaze Hitomi and Gou Mayuka starred 27 A 1990 New York City Opera production directed by Oscar Hammerstein II s son James featured Debby Boone as Maria Laurence Guittard as Captain von Trapp and Werner Klemperer as Max 28 An Australian revival played in the Lyric Theatre Sydney New South Wales from November 1999 to February 2000 Lisa McCune played Maria John Waters was Captain von Trapp Bert Newton was Max Eilene Hannan was Mother Abbess and Rachel Marley was Marta This production was based on the 1998 Broadway revival staging 29 The production then toured until February 2001 in Melbourne Brisbane Perth and Adelaide Rachael Beck took over as Maria in Perth and Adelaide and Rob Guest took over as Captain von Trapp in Perth 30 31 32 33 21st century Edit An Austrian production premiered in 2005 at the Volksoper Wien in German It was directed and choreographed by Renaud Doucet The cast included Sandra Pires as Maria Kurt Schreibmayer and Michael Kraus as von Trapp with Heidi Brunner as Mother Abbess The song Do Re Mi was rewritten as C wie Cellophanpapier replacing the solfege syllables with the German letter notation C through H and selecting mnemonics that begin with each letter 34 As of 2021 the production was still in the repertoire of the Volksoper with 12 20 performances per season 35 36 37 The Salzburg Marionette Theatre has toured extensively with their version that features the recorded voices of Broadway singers such as Christiane Noll as Maria 38 The tour began in Dallas Texas in 2007 39 and continued in Salzburg in 2008 40 The director is Richard Hamburger 41 In 2008 a Brazilian production with Kiara Sasso as Maria and Herson Capri as the Captain played in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo 42 and a Dutch production was mounted with Wieneke Remmers as Maria directed by John Yost 43 Andrew Lloyd Webber David Ian and David Mirvish presented The Sound of Music at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto from 2008 to 2010 The role of Maria was chosen by the public through a television show How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria which was produced by Lloyd Webber and Ian and aired in mid 2008 Elicia MacKenzie won 44 and played the role six times a week while the runner up in the TV show Janna Polzin played Maria twice a week 45 Captain von Trapp was played by Burke Moses The show ran for more than 500 performances It was Toronto s longest running revival ever 46 A UK tour began in 2009 and visited more than two dozen cities before ending in 2011 The original cast included Connie Fisher as Maria Michael Praed as Captain von Trapp and Margaret Preece as the Mother Abbess Kirsty Malpass was the alternate Maria 47 Jason Donovan assumed the role of Captain Von Trapp and Verity Rushworth took over as Maria in early 2011 Lesley Garrett reprised her role as Mother Abbess for the tour s final engagement in Wimbledon in October 2011 A production ran at the opera Citi theater in Buenos Aires Argentina in 2011 The cast included Laura Conforte as Maria and Diego Ramos as Captain Von Trapp 48 A Spanish national tour began in November 2011 at the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands The tour visited 29 Spanish cities spending one year in Madrid s Gran Via at the Teatro Coliseum and one season at the Tivoli Theatre in Barcelona It was directed by Jaime Azpilicueta and starred Silvia Luchetti as Maria and Carlos J Benito as Captain Von Trapp 49 A production was mounted at the Open Air Theatre Regent s Park from July to September 2013 50 51 It starred Charlotte Wakefield as Maria with Michael Xavier as Captain von Trapp and Caroline Keiff as Elsa 50 It received enthusiastic reviews and became the highest grossing production ever at the theatre 50 In 2014 the show was nominated for Best Musical Revival at the Laurence Olivier Awards and Wakefield was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical 52 A brief South Korean production played in 2014 53 as did a South African production at the Artscape in Cape Town and at the Teatro at Montecasino based on Lloyd Webber and Ian s London Palladium production 54 The same year a Spanish language translation opened at Teatro de la Universidad in San Juan under the direction of Edgar Garcia It starred Lourdes Robles as Maria and Braulio Castillo as Captain Von Trapp with Dagmar as Elsa 55 A production in Thai mntrkephlngswrrkh ran at Muangthai ratchadalai Theatre Bangkok Thailand in April 2015 in the Thai language The production replaced the song Ordinary couple with Something Good 56 57 58 A North American tour directed by Jack O Brien and choreographed by Danny Mefford began at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles in September 2015 The tour ran until July 2017 59 Kerstin Anderson played Maria with Ben Davis as Capt von Trapp and Ashley Brown as Mother Abess The production has received warm reviews 60 A UK tour produced by Bill Kenwright began in 2015 and toured into 2016 It was directed by Martin Connor and starred Lucy O Byrne as Maria 61 62 A 2016 Australian tour of the Lloyd Webber production directed by Sams included stops in Sydney 63 Brisbane Melbourne and Adelaide The cast included Amy Lehpamer as Maria Cameron Daddo as Captain Von Trapp Marina Prior as Baroness Schraeder and Lorraine Bayly as Frau Schmidt The choreographer was Arlene Phillips 64 Film adaptation EditMain article The Sound of Music film On March 2 1965 20th Century Fox released a film adaptation of the musical starring Julie Andrews as Maria Rainer and Christopher Plummer as Captain Georg von Trapp It was produced and directed by Robert Wise with the screenplay adaptation written by Ernest Lehman Two songs were written by Rodgers specifically for the film I Have Confidence and Something Good The film won five Oscars at the 38th Academy Awards including Best Picture Television adaptations EditA live televised production of the musical aired twice in December 2013 on NBC 65 It was directed by Beth McCarthy Miller and Rob Ashford 66 Carrie Underwood starred as Maria with Stephen Moyer as Captain von Trapp Christian Borle as Max Laura Benanti as Elsa and Audra McDonald as the Mother Abbess 67 The production was released on DVD the same month 68 British network ITV presented a live version of its own on December 20 2015 It starred Kara Tointon as Maria Julian Ovenden as Captain von Trapp Katherine Kelly as the Baroness and Alexander Armstrong as Max 69 70 Reception EditMost reviews of the original Broadway production were favorable Richard Watts Jr of the New York Post stated that the show had strangely gentle charm that is wonderfully endearing The Sound of Music strives for nothing in the way of smash effects substituting instead a kind of gracious and unpretentious simplicity 71 The New York World Telegram and Sun pronounced The Sound of Music the loveliest musical imaginable It places Rodgers and Hammerstein back in top form as melodist and lyricist The Lindsay Crouse dialogue is vibrant and amusing in a plot that rises to genuine excitement 71 The New York Journal American s review opined that The Sound of Music is the most mature product of the team it seemed to me to be the full ripening of these two extraordinary talents 71 Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times gave a mixed assessment He praised Mary Martin s performance saying she still has the same common touch same sharp features goodwill and glowing personality that makes music sound intimate and familiar and stated that the best of the Sound of Music is Rodgers and Hammerstein in good form However he said the libretto has the hackneyed look of the musical theatre replaced with Oklahoma in 1943 It is disappointing to see the American musical stage succumbing to the cliches of operetta 71 Walter Kerr s review in the New York Herald Tribune was unfavorable Before The Sound of Music is halfway through its promising chores it becomes not only too sweet for words but almost too sweet for music stating that the evening suffer s from little children 71 Cast recordings EditColumbia Masterworks recorded the original Broadway cast album at the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City a week after the show s 1959 opening The album was the label s first deluxe package in a gatefold jacket priced 1 higher than previous cast albums It was No 1 on Billboard s best selling albums chart for 16 weeks in 1960 72 It was released on CD from Sony in the Columbia Broadway Masterworks series 73 In 1959 singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records 74 on the day that the musical opened on Broadway The 1961 London production was recorded by EMI and released on the HMV label and later re issued on CD in 1997 on the Broadway Angel label 75 The 1965 film soundtrack was released by RCA Victor and is one of the most successful soundtrack albums in history having sold over 20 million copies worldwide 76 77 RCA Victor also released an album of the 1998 Broadway revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast including Rebecca Luker Michael Siberry Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate 78 The Telarc label made a studio cast recording of The Sound of Music with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel 1987 The lead roles went to opera stars Frederica von Stade as Maria Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess 18 The recording includes both the two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace as well as a previously unrecorded verse of An Ordinary Couple 79 The 2006 London revival was recorded and has been released on the Decca Broadway label 80 There have been numerous studio cast albums and foreign cast albums issued though many have only received regional distribution According to the cast album database there are 62 recordings of the score that have been issued over the years 81 The soundtrack from the 2013 NBC television production starring Carrie Underwood and Stephen Moyer was released on CD and digital download in December 2013 on the Sony Masterworks label Also featured on the album are Audra McDonald Laura Benanti and Christian Borle 82 Awards and nominations EditOriginal Broadway production Edit Year Award ceremony Category Nominee Result1960 Tony Award Best Musical WonBest Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical Mary Martin WonBest Featured Actor in a Musical Theodore Bikel NominatedKurt Kasznar NominatedBest Featured Actress in a Musical Patricia Neway WonKathy Dunn Lauri Peters Mary Susan Locke Marilyn Rogers Evanna Lien William Snowden and Joseph Stewart NominatedBest Direction of a Musical Vincent J Donehue NominatedBest Conductor and Musical Director Frederick Dvonch WonBest Scenic Design of a Musical Oliver Smith WonTheatre World Award Lauri Peters Won1967 Outer Critics Circle Special Award Constance Towers Won1998 Broadway Revival Edit Year Award ceremony Category Nominee Result1998 Tony Award Best Revival of a Musical NominatedDrama Desk Award Outstanding Orchestrations Bruce Coughlin NominatedOuter Critics Circle Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical NominatedOutstanding Actress in a Musical Rebecca Luker NominatedOutstanding Featured Actress in a Musical Jan Maxwell NominatedOutstanding Set Design Heidi Ettinger NominatedDrama League Award Distinguished Production of a Revival NominatedNotes Edit Sound of Music The Forgotten Maria LIFE com Archived from the original on October 31 2010 Retrieved October 27 2010 Nolan 244 The Sound of Music Rodgers amp Hammerstein Organization Show Details The Rodgers amp Hammerstein Organization Archived from the original on May 21 2011 Retrieved May 19 2011 Show History section Gearin Joan Movie vs Reality The Real Story of the von Trapp Family Archived June 29 2011 at the Wayback Machine Prologue magazine Winter 2005 Vol 37 No 4 National Archives and Records Administration Information from the BBC website Bbc co uk November 16 1959 Archived from the original on April 27 2014 Retrieved August 29 2012 Movie Dances The Sound of Music Landler Wayback Machine Archived from the original on February 10 2012 Rodgers Richard Hammerstein Oscar 1960 The Sound of Music Hal Leonard Corporation p 2 ISBN 978 0 88188 050 2 Archived from the original on January 3 2014 Retrieved July 9 2012 The Sound of Music Guidetomusicaltheatre com Archived from the original on June 12 2012 Retrieved July 26 2017 Minor E Kyle Sound of Music returns to its origins at New Haven s Shubert Theatre Archived June 24 2018 at the Wayback Machine New Haven Register November 3 2017 accessed June 24 2018 The Sound of Music Awards Archived December 17 2017 at the Wayback Machine Playbill vault retrieved November 14 2017 PLAYBILL from the Lunt Fontanne Theatre dated 7 16 1962 NYPL Digital Collections Retrieved June 19 2021 for The Sound of Music with Jeannie Carson Maria Rainer replacement Bikel Theodore Theo The Autobiography of Theodore Bikel Univ of Wisconsin Press 2002 ISBN 0 299 18284 3 p Z 17 Green Encyclopedia p 396 The Sound of Music 1961 West End Premiere Rodgers amp Hammerstein Retrieved June 19 2021 Cast list at Broadway World Broadwayworld com Archived from the original on December 19 2013 Retrieved August 21 2012 Maslon p 150 Maslon Laurence January 30 2015 The Sound of Music Companion The official companion to the world s most beloved musical Pavilion pp 150 151 ISBN 9781910496503 Retrieved June 19 2021 a b Hischak p 259 The Sound of Music Boadway 1998 Archived October 5 2015 at the Wayback Machine playbillvault com accessed October 15 2015 Scarlett Johansson Johansson Snubs Sound Of Music Archived April 3 2011 at the Wayback Machine contactmusic com July 27 2006 Summer Strallen is Maria in London s The Sound of Music Feb 26 Archived November 15 2017 at the Wayback Machine Broadwayworld com February 4 2008 accessed November 15 2017 Aoife Mulholland Archived November 15 2017 at the Wayback Machine Thisistheatre com 29 April 2015 Information from Theatre com Archived July 25 2008 at the Wayback Machine Long Farewell London s Sound of Music Closes Feb 21 Playbill Archived from So the original on January 31 2013 The Sound of Music Original Australian Cast Recording on CD Stage Whispers www stagewhispers com au Retrieved June 18 2021 June Bronhill Peter Graves et al Featured on The Sound of Music Australian Cast Recording CD TheaterMania www theatermania com Retrieved June 18 2021 The Sound of Music takawiki com Archived from the original on March 25 2019 Retrieved January 23 2017 Rockwell John Review Music Sound of Music Takes On The Icons of a Heroic Past Archived December 17 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times March 9 1990 Rose Colin Head for the hills Stage The Sun Herald Sydney Australia November 14 1999 Time Out p 15 Critics Choice The Australian April 14 2000 Features p 11 Barclay Alison Von Trapps house is full Herald Sun Melbourne Australia July 7 2000 p 89 Aldred Debra Lisa can sing for her supper of marshmallows Courier Mail Queensland Australia August 4 2000 p 7 Archdall Susan Rachael s happy to go her own way The Advertiser January 1 2001 p 77 C wie Cellophanpapier PDF Volksoper Wien The Sound of Music Volksoper at Retrieved December 29 2020 Official season programmes of the Volksoper Wien 2005 06 2006 07 2007 08 Lash Larry L The Sound of Music Variety March 7 2005 March 13 2005 Legit Reviews Abroad p 57 Genzlinger Neil The Hills Are Still Alive Just Look Past the Strings Archived December 10 2007 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times December 7 2007 Review of Dallas opening November 3 2007 Archived December 20 2008 at the Wayback Machine 2008 schedule of performances Archived July 28 2009 at the Wayback Machine Official website of the Salzburg Marionette Theatre s production Archived February 28 2009 at the Wayback Machine Official website of the Brazilian Production Archived from the original on June 7 2008 Official website of the 2008 Dutch production Archived November 19 2008 at the Wayback Machine Lipton Brian Scott The Sound of Music to Bow in Toronto in September 2008 Archived December 30 2008 at the Wayback Machine Theatermania com September 25 2007 Turns out Janna s a Maria after all The Star Toronto August 14 2008 Archived from the original on December 20 2008 Retrieved May 25 2010 The Sound of Music Ends Run at The Princess of Wales Theatre January 10 Archived July 8 2011 at the Wayback Machine Broadwayworld com January 10 2010 The Sound of Music UK Tour Archived May 20 2009 at the Wayback Machine Thesoundofmusictour com Retrieved May 18 2009 La Novicia Rebelde Archived from the original on August 6 2011 Nuria Frutos BWW TV Sonrisas y lagrimas se prepara para su gira espanola BroadwayWorld com Archived from the original on October 30 2014 a b c The Sound of Music Extends Run at London s Open Air Theatre Regent s Park Archived September 26 2013 at the Wayback Machine Playbill Retrieved November 7 2013 To Kill A Mockingbird amp Sound of Music lead 2013 Open Air season whatsonstage com August 15 2012 Archived from the original on March 10 2013 Retrieved October 28 2012 Nominations Announced for 2014 Olivier Awards Archived March 10 2014 at the Wayback Machine Broadwayworld retrieved 10 March 2014 2014 1 1 Ticket Korea JoongAng Daily January 1 2014 Archived from the original on January 5 2014 The SOUND of MUSIC Artscape Theatre Centre Cape Town Retrieved July 21 2021 En cartelera The Sound of Music Archived from the original on October 29 2014 lakhrewthi mntrrkephlngswrrkh The sound of music VoiceTV Thailand Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Thailand s Hills Are Alive Archived April 11 2015 at the Wayback Machine NationMultimedia com Bangkok Is Alive with the Sound of Music Bangkok Post New National Tour of The Sound of Music Directed by Jack O Brien to Launch This Fall Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine Broadwayworld retrieved 1 May 2015 Verini Bob L A Theater Review The Sound of Music Directed by Jack O Brien Archived February 1 2016 at the Wayback Machine Variety October 1 2015 The Sound of Music Tour Tickets 2016 Archived July 11 2016 at the Wayback Machine BritishTheatre com May 14 2016 The Sound of Music Is Alive with White Light Archived August 9 2016 at the Wayback Machine etnow com December 3 2015 accessed July 16 2016 Cotter Richard The Sound of Music Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine Australian Stage December 18 2015 The London Palladium Production of The Sound of Music Archived July 14 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Really Useful Group Ltd accessed November 15 2015 Friedlander Whitney December 10 2013 NBC to Re Air The Sound of Music Live Variety Penske Business Media Archived from the original on December 13 2013 Retrieved December 14 2013 NBC amp Craig Zadan Neil Meron to Present Live Broadcast of THE SOUND OF MUSIC Archived December 14 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 30 2012 Bernardin Marc December 5 2013 The Sound of Music Live TV Review The Hollywood Reporter Prometheus Global Media Archived from the original on December 7 2013 Retrieved December 6 2013 NBC to Release The Sound of Music Live on DVD Dec 17 Broadway World Wisdom Digital Media November 23 2013 Archived from the original on November 27 2013 Retrieved November 25 2013 Martinson Jane December 15 2015 As ITV prepares for the Sound of Music Live are we watching TV s future The Guardian Archived from the original on June 16 2018 Retrieved December 21 2015 ITV To Mount The Sound Of Music Live UK Christmas Special Deadline com October 22 2015 Archived from the original on August 9 2020 Retrieved February 2 2016 a b c d e Suskin pp 460 64 Bronson Fred Chart Beat Archived July 26 2017 at the Wayback Machine Billboard September 14 1996 The Sound of Music Original Broadway Cast Archived March 13 2018 at the Wayback Machine Castalbums org accessed March 12 2018 Patti Page The Sound Of Music Little Donkey Archived March 11 2016 at the Wayback Machine Discogs com accessed December 8 2015 The disc debuted at No 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 Hot 100 Ads 16 Archived May 15 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Billboard December 28 1959 p 5 accessed December 8 2015 The Sound of Music Original London Cast Archived March 16 2018 at the Wayback Machine Castalbums org accessed March 12 2018 Eyman Scott The Hills Are Alive With the Sound of Money Archived May 27 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal February 27 2015 accessed December 30 2017 Hischak p 44 The Sound of Music Broadway Cast Archived March 13 2018 at the Wayback Machine 1998 Castalbums org accessed March 12 2018 Dyer Richard Record Review Cincinnati Pops Orchestra Rodgers And Hammersrein The Sound of Music Telarc CD The Boston Globe September 15 1988 Calendar p 12 The Sound of Music London Cast Archived March 23 2018 at the Wayback Machine 2006 Castalbums org accessed March 12 2018 The Sound of Music Archived March 21 2018 at the Wayback Machine CastAlbums org accessed March 12 2018 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Carrie Underwood The Sound of Music Archived November 7 2015 at the Wayback Machine AllMusic December 3 2013 accessed February 11 2016References EditGreen Stanley Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre 1980 Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 80113 2 Hischak Thomas The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia 2007 Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 313 34140 0 Maslon Laurence with a foreword by Andrew Lloyd Webber The Sound of Music Companion 2007 Simon and Schuster ISBN 1 4165 4954 4 Nolan Frederick The Sound of Their Music The Story of Rodgers amp Hammerstein New York Applause Theatre amp Cinema Books ISBN 1 55783 473 3 Suskin Steven Opening Night on Broadway A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre 1990 Schirmer Books ISBN 0 02 872625 1Further reading EditBell Bethany Austria discovers The Sound of Music BBC Saturday March 19 2005 Block Geoffrey The Richard Rodgers Reader New York Oxford University Press 2002 Ewen David With a Song in His Heart Richard Rodgers New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1963 Fordin Hugh Getting To Know Him The Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II New York Random House 1977 Decapo Press 1995 Green Stanley The Rodgers and Hammerstein Fact Book Milwaukee Hal Leonard 1980 Hirsch Julia Antopol The Sound Of Music The Making Of America s Favorite Movie McGraw Hill Publishing 1993 Mordden Ethan Rodgers amp Hammerstein New York Harry N Abrams Inc 1992 Papamichael Stella The Sound of Music 40th Anniversary Collector s Edition DVD 1965 BBC review and history November 23 2005 Wilk Max The Making of The Sound of Music 2007 Routledge ISBN 0 415 97934 XExternal links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to The Sound of Music The Sound of Music at the Internet Broadway Database The Sound of Music at RNH Theatricals Synopsis on theatrehistory Sound of Music character descriptions and plot summary from StageAgent com The Sound of Music 50th Anniversary Edition Podcast Series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Sound of Music amp oldid 1132908935, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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