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Philadelphia Orchestra

The Philadelphia Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra, based in Philadelphia. One of the "Big Five" American orchestras, the orchestra is based at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, where it performs its subscription concerts, numbering over 130 annually, in Verizon Hall.

Philadelphia Orchestra
Orchestra
Founded1900; 123 years ago (1900)
LocationPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
Concert hallKimmel Center for the Performing Arts
Music directorYannick Nézet-Séguin
Websitewww.philorch.org

From its founding until 2001, the Philadelphia Orchestra gave its concerts at the Academy of Music. The orchestra continues to own the Academy, and returns there one week per year for the Academy of Music's annual gala concert and concerts for school children. The Philadelphia Orchestra's summer home is the Mann Center for the Performing Arts. It also has summer residencies at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, and since July 2007 at the Bravo! Vail Valley Festival in Vail, Colorado. The orchestra also performs an annual series of concerts at Carnegie Hall. From its earliest days the orchestra has been active in the recording studio, making extensive numbers of recordings, primarily for RCA Victor and Columbia Records.

The orchestra's current music director is Yannick Nézet-Séguin, since 2012.

History

 
Fritz Scheel, founding father and first conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra

The orchestra was founded in 1900 by Fritz Scheel, who also acted as its first conductor. The orchestra had its beginnings with a small group of musicians led by the pianist F. Cresson Schell (1857–1942).[1] In 1904, Richard Strauss guest conducted the orchestra in a program of his compositions, and in 1906 the Polish pianist Artur Rubinstein made his American debut with the orchestra. Additionally in 1906, the orchestra traveled to the White House to perform in an exclusive concert.

In February 1907, Leandro Campanari took over and served as interim conductor for a short time during Scheel's illness and after his death.[2] A flutist in the orchestra, August Rodemann, had stood in before Campanari's arrival. He started sabotaging the performances and Campanari was obliged to remove himself from a bad situation.[3]

In 1907, Karl Pohlig became music director and served until 1912. New music he programmed was unpopular with audiences, and revelations that he had an extra-marital affair with his secretary caused outrage. The orchestra cancelled his contract and gave him a year's salary ($12,000) in severance to avoid a suit from Pohlig alleging a conspiracy to oust him.[3][4]

 
Leopold Stokowski, music director, 1912–1938

Leopold Stokowski became music director in 1912 and brought the orchestra to national prominence. Under his guidance, the orchestra gained a reputation for virtuosity, and developed what is known as the "Philadelphia Sound." Stokowski left the orchestra in 1941, and did not return as a guest conductor for nearly 20 years.

 
The Philadelphia Orchestra on stage with Stokowski for the American premiere of Mahler's Eighth Symphony, March 2, 1916.

In 1936, Eugene Ormandy joined the organization, and jointly held the post of principal conductor with Stokowski until 1938 when he became its sole music director. He remained as music director until 1980, after which he became Conductor Laureate. Ormandy conducted many of the orchestra's best-known recordings and took the orchestra on its historic 1973 tour of the People's Republic of China, where it was the first Western orchestra to visit that country in many decades.[5] The tour was highly successful and it has since returned for three additional successful tours.

Riccardo Muti became principal guest conductor of the orchestra in the 1970s, and assumed the role as Music Director from Ormandy in 1980, serving through 1992. His recordings with the orchestra included the symphonies of Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms, and Alexander Scriabin, for the EMI and Philips labels.

Wolfgang Sawallisch succeeded Muti as Music Director from 1993 to 2003. He made a number of recordings with the orchestra of music of Robert Schumann, Richard Strauss and Richard Wagner, among other composers, for the EMI label. However, the orchestra lost its recording contract with EMI during this time, which led to a musicians' strike for 64 days in 1996.[6][7] Near the end of Sawallisch's tenure, the orchestra released a self-produced set of recordings of the Schumann symphonies with Sawallisch conducting. In 2003, Sawallisch was named Conductor Laureate, and held the title until his death in 2013.

In 2003, Christoph Eschenbach succeeded Sawallisch as music director. This appointment was controversial because Eschenbach had not conducted the orchestra in over four years and there was a perceived lack of personal chemistry between him and the musicians prior to the appointment.[8][9][10] At least one early report tried to downplay this concern.[11] The orchestra returned to commercial recordings with Eschenbach, on the Ondine label. However, in October 2006, Eschenbach and the orchestra announced the conclusion of his tenure as music director in 2008, for a total of five years, the shortest tenure as music director in the history of the Philadelphia Orchestra, along with Pohlig.

After Eschenbach's departure, the Philadelphia Orchestra was without a music director for four years. In February 2007, Charles Dutoit was appointed chief conductor and artistic adviser for four seasons, starting in the fall of 2008 and running through the 2011–2012 season.[12][13] This move was made to provide an "artistic bridge" while the orchestra searched for its eighth music director.[13][14][15] According to news articles from August 2007, the orchestra had now devised a search process in which each musician in the orchestra would have a say in the choice of the next Music Director.[16][17]

 
Yannick Nézet-Séguin, principal conductor from 2012.

In December 2008, at the invitation of Dutoit,[18] Yannick Nézet-Séguin made his first guest-conducting appearance with the orchestra. He returned for a second series of concerts in December 2009.[19] In June 2010, Nézet-Séguin was appointed Music Director Designate, with a scheduled duration under that title from 2010 to 2012, with 2 weeks of scheduled appearances in the 2010–2011 season, and 5 weeks of scheduled appearances in the 2011–2012 season. Eventually, in 2012, he was appointed music director, succeeding Dutoit, who subsequently was named conductor laureate of the orchestra. Nézet-Séguin's initial contract as music director was for 5 seasons, with 7 weeks of scheduled concerts in the 2012–2012 season, 15 weeks in the next 2 seasons, and 16 weeks in the subsequent 2 seasons of his Philadelphia contract.[20] In January 2015, the orchestra announced the extension of Nézet-Séguin's contract to the 2021–22 season.[21][22] In June 2016, the orchestra announced a further extension of Nézet-Séguin's contract through the 2025–2026 season.[23] In December 2017, the orchestra announced the discontinuation of its relationship with Dutoit and the revocation of his title as its conductor laureate, with immediate effect, in the wake of allegations against him of sexual assault.[24]

 
Charles Dutoit and the Philadelphia Orchestra concert in Tianjin

The Philadelphia Orchestra's current concertmaster is David Kim.[25] Past concertmasters have included Norman Carol and Erez Ofer. Past Associate Conductors of the orchestra have included William Smith, Luis Biava, and Rossen Milanov.[26][27] In 2014, Stéphane Denève was appointed principal guest conductor, Cristian Măcelaru as conductor-in-residence, and Lio Kuokman as assistant conductor.[28][29] In 2016, Kensho Watanabe succeeded Kuokman as assistant conductor.[30] Erina Yashima has served as assistant conductor since 2019. Denève served as principal guest conductor from 2014 through 2020.[31]

As of June 2016, the orchestra does not have its own chorus. The orchestra formerly worked with the Philadelphia Singers as its resident chorus until the Philadelphia Singers disbanded in May 2015.[32]

Bankruptcy and industrial action

On April 16, 2011, the Philadelphia Orchestra's board of directors voted to file for Chapter 11 reorganization due to the organization's large operational deficit. This was the first time that a major U.S. orchestra had filed for bankruptcy.[33][34] Amid mounting dissent from the musicians, Nézet-Séguin volunteered in August 2011 to add a week in his 2011–2012 season appearances.[35] On July 30, 2012, the orchestra announced that it had officially emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, effective that day.[36]

On September 30, 2016, the orchestra's players went out on strike, one hour before its scheduled Opening Night Gala concert.[37] The musicians issued a statement: 'We can no longer remain silent while we continue in a downward spiral.' The players rejected 1–2 percent per year increases offered by management. The base pay rate was noted as less than what other similar orchestras are offering. The strike was settled after three days when musicians approved a new contract on October 2, 2016. The new agreement is scheduled to raise the base salary to $137,800 and to increase the size of the orchestra to 97 over three years.[38]

Recent history

In March 2018, the orchestra announced the appointment of Matías Tarnopolsky as its next president and chief executive officer,[39] in succession to Allison Vulgamore, who held the posts from 2010 through December 2017. In December 2020, the orchestra announced the appointment of Nathalie Stutzmann as its next principal guest conductor, the first female conductor ever named to this Philadelphia post, effective with the 2021–2022 season, with a contract of 3 years.[40] In February 2023, the orchestra announced a further extension of his contract, through the 2029-2030 season, along with a change in his title to music and artistic director.[41][42]

Firsts

The Philadelphia Orchestra boasts a number of significant media firsts. It was the first symphony orchestra to make electrical recordings (in 1925). It was the first orchestra to make a commercially sponsored radio broadcast (on NBC in 1929) and the first to appear on a television broadcast (on CBS in 1948). The Philadelphia was the first American orchestra to make a digital recording of the complete Beethoven symphonies on compact disc (in 1988), and the first major orchestra to give a live cybercast of a concert on the internet (in 1997). In 2006, the orchestra was the first to offer downloads of music from its own website without a distributor.[43]

In other firsts, the Orchestra made diplomatic history in 1973 when it became the first American orchestra to tour the People's Republic of China, performing in Beijing's Great Hall of the People. In 1999, under Wolfgang Sawallisch, it became the first American orchestra to visit Vietnam. In 2006, the orchestra appointed Carol Jantsch principal tuba as of 2006–2007,[44] the orchestra's first ever female principal tuba player and the first in a full-time American orchestra.

Rachmaninoff

The Orchestra was known for its special relationship with the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff due primarily to Stokowski's championship. In his first season, on January 3, 1913, Stokowski conducted Isle of the Dead. Later, in an all-Rachmaninoff programme on February 3, 1920, Stokowski gave the U.S. premiere of The Bells and accompanied the composer in his 3rd Piano Concerto. In 1924 they collaborated on an acoustically recorded 78rpm set of the 2nd Piano Concerto, re-recording it electrically in 1929. On March 18, 1927, Stokowski conducted the world premieres of the Three Russian Folk Songs, of which he was the dedicatee, and the 4th Piano Concerto, again with the composer at the keyboard. Another world premiere took place on November 7, 1934, when Stokowski accompanied the composer in the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, with the two musicians making its first recording shortly afterwards.

Rachmaninoff himself also took on the role of conductor with the Philadelphia Orchestra, recording Isle of the Dead and Vocalise with them in 1929, followed ten years later by a 78rpm set of his 3rd Symphony, a work that Stokowski had premiered on November 6, 1936. In particular, he and Ormandy were also close associates and Rachmaninoff was supposed to have said that in his American years he composed with the sound of the Philadelphia Orchestra in his head. The many recordings of the music of Rachmaninoff by Ormandy were noted as being closest to the composer's desire. Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, Op. 45, his last work, was premiered by Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra, to whom it is dedicated, on January 3, 1941.

Recordings

The Orchestra's first recordings were made for the Victor Talking Machine Company in Camden, New Jersey, in 1917, when Leopold Stokowski conducted performances of two of Brahms's Hungarian Dances. The historic first electrical recordings were also made at Victor's Trinity Church Studio in Camden, in April 1925; Saint-Saëns' Danse macabre was the first to be recorded. Later, in 1926, Victor began recording the Orchestra in the Academy of Music in Philadelphia. Stokowski led the ensemble in experimental long-playing, high-fidelity, and even stereophonic sessions in the early 1930s for RCA Victor and Bell Laboratories. During 1939–40, Stokowski and the orchestra recorded the soundtrack for Walt Disney's Fantasia in multi-track stereophonic sound.

Arturo Toscanini made a series of recordings for RCA Victor with the orchestra in 1941 and 1942; the master discs for these records were supposedly damaged during processing, resulting in unusually high surface noise and distortion and they were not approved for release at the time. In 1963, after extensive electronic editing, RCA Victor issued one of the recordings on LP, the Schubert Symphony in C Major. In 1977, all of the recordings were finally issued in a 5 LP boxed set; they were later digitally remastered and reissued twice on compact disc by RCA Victor in 1992 and again in 2006.

During the 1942–44 AFM Recording Ban, the orchestra's contract with RCA Victor expired; following the settlement of the strike in November, 1944, the orchestra joined Columbia Records, recording some of the dances from Borodin's Prince Igor. The Philadelphians remained with Columbia for the next 23 years. In 1968, Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra returned to RCA Victor and made their first digital recording, Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra, for the label in 1979. The Orchestra has also recorded for EMI and Teldec.

In May 2005, the Philadelphia Orchestra announced a three-year recording partnership with the Finnish label Ondine, the Orchestra's first recording contract in 10 years. The resumption of a regular recording program was one of Christoph Eschenbach's stated priorities as music director. A number of recordings have been released since November 2005, to international acclaim.

On September 21, 2006, the Philadelphia Orchestra became the first major United States orchestra to sell downloads of its performances directly from the orchestra's website. While other American orchestras had downloads of their music on the internet, the Philadelphia Orchestra said it was the first to offer the downloads without a distributor.[43] In 2010, the orchestra abandoned this practice and formed a partnership with IODA, a digital distribution company with downloads available through a variety of online retailers, including iTunes, Amazon.com, Rhapsody, and eMusic.

In other media, musicians from the orchestra were featured in a documentary film by Daniel Anker, Music from the Inside Out, which received theatrical release and television airings.[45][46]

The orchestra received its first Grammy Award in 2022, for their recording of the first and third symphonies of Florence Price.[41]

Music Directors

Performance venues

See also

References

  1. ^ "The World of Music". The Etude. March 1921. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  2. ^ "Campanari at Rehearsal" (PDF). The New York Times. February 18, 1907. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  3. ^ a b Daniel Grotta-Kurska (June 1974). "Music: Is There a Maestro in the Wings?". Philadelphia. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  4. ^ "Carl Pohlig Got $12,000" (PDF). The New York Times. June 12, 1912. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  5. ^ Daniel Webster (February 1, 2008). "Learning Chinese". Playbill Arts. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
  6. ^ Allan Kozinn (September 17, 1996). "Strike in Philadelphia: What Stopped the Music". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  7. ^ Anthony Tommasini (November 28, 1996). "Philadelphians, After Strike, Offer a Violinist's Debut". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  8. ^ Doreen Carvajal (February 6, 2001). "Musicians Are Gaining Bigger Voice In Orchestras". The New York Times. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
  9. ^ Dobrin, Peter (October 29, 2006). "Orchestra has some lessons to consider". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  10. ^ Anthony Tommasini (November 23, 2006). "Conductor Under Fire, Orchestra Under Pressure". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2007.
  11. ^ Peter Culshaw (May 18, 2004). . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on May 29, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  12. ^ Tom Di Nardo (February 23, 2007). "Charles Dutoit to head orchestra". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  13. ^ a b Peter Dobrin (March 3, 2007). "Positivity on the podium". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  14. ^ Daniel J. Wakin (February 24, 2007). "The Philadelphia Orchestra Names a Chief Conductor". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2007.
  15. ^ Peter Dobrin (February 25, 2007). "Which Dutoit will show up?". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  16. ^ Peter Dobrin (August 5, 2007). "A measured search for one to yield the baton". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  17. ^ Kevin Shihoten (August 6, 2007). "Philadelphia Orchestra Musicians to Have Bigger Say in Director Search". Playbill Arts. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
  18. ^ Arthur Kaptainis (November 10, 2007). . Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  19. ^ Robert Zaller (December 8, 2009). "Conductor shortage? Where?". Broad Street Review. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  20. ^ Peter Dobrin (June 14, 2010). "Canada's 'rising star' to be Phila. maestro". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  21. ^ "Yannick Nézet-Séguin Extends Tenure as Music Director of The Philadelphia Orchestra through 2021–2022 Season" (Press release). Philadelphia Orchestra. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  22. ^ Peter Dobrin (January 30, 2015). "Philadelphia Orchestra prepares for a big ask". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  23. ^ Peter Dobrin (June 2, 2016). "Yannick Nézet-Séguin gets Met job, will also stay as Phila. Orchestra director". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  24. ^ "Follow-Up Statement from The Philadelphia Orchestra Association Regarding Charles Dutoit Allegations" (Press release). Philadelphia Orchestra. December 22, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
  25. ^ Tom Di Nardo (February 2, 2007). "Orchestra's concertmaster holds a key job". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  26. ^ "William Smith," Philadelphia Music Alliance, © 1986–2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  27. ^ David Patrick Stearns (June 3, 2010). "Associate conductor's departure not a surprise". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  28. ^ (Press release). The Philadelphia Orchestra. April 28, 2014. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  29. ^ Peter Dobrin (April 28, 2014). "New names, titles on the orchestra podium". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  30. ^ "Kensho Watanabe Appointed Assistant Conductor of The Philadelphia Orchestra". The Philadelphia Orchestra. July 19, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  31. ^ "The Philadelphia Orchestra Extends Stéphane Denève's Contract as Principal Guest Conductor for Three More Years, until 2019–20" (Press release). The Philadelphia Orchestra. February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  32. ^ David Patrick Stearns (May 19, 2015). "Review: A fine farewell for the Philadelphia Singers". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  33. ^ Peter Dobrin (April 17, 2011). "Philadelphia Orchestra's board votes to file for bankruptcy". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  34. ^ "Philadelphia Orchestra board OKs Chapter 11 filing". Bloomberg Businessweek. Associated Press. April 17, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  35. ^ "Music Director Designate Yannick Nézet-Séguin steps forward to increase his time with The Philadelphia Orchestra and its audiences" (Press release). Philadelphia Orchestra. August 22, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  36. ^ "The Philadelphia Orchestra Association Officially Emerges from Chapter 11 Effective July 30, 2012" (Press release). The Philadelphia Orchestra. July 30, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  37. ^ Peter Dobrin (October 1, 2016). "Philadelphia Orchestra on strike; gala concert canceled". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  38. ^ Peter Dobrin (October 2, 2016). "Philadelphia Orchestra strike ends; contract vote 73–11". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  39. ^ "Matías Tarnopolsky Appointed President and CEO of The Philadelphia Orchestra Association" (PDF) (Press release). The Philadelphia Orchestra. March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  40. ^ "Yannick Nézet-Séguin and The Philadelphia Orchestra Connect with Audiences Worldwide through New Digital Stage Performances January–June 2021" (Press release). Philadelphia Orchestra. December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  41. ^ a b "Yannick Nézet-Séguin and The Philadelphia Orchestra to Renew Partnership with Contract Extension through 2030" (Press release). The Philadelphia Orchestra. February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  42. ^ Javier C. Hernández (February 5, 2023). "Yannick Nézet-Séguin Extends His Contract With the Philadelphia Orchestra". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  43. ^ a b David Patrick Stearns (September 21, 2006). "Philadelphia Orchestra enters the ear-bud age". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  44. ^ Peter Dobrin (February 26, 2006). "Breaking the brass ceiling: A female tubist". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  45. ^ Joshua Kosman (December 30, 2005). "Documentary gets behind the music made by orchestral musicians". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  46. ^ David Patrick Stearns (April 20, 2005). "The orchestra with no discord". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 19, 2013.

Further reading

  • Jacobson, Bernard (2015). Star Turns and Cameo Appearances. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. pp. 178–208. ISBN 978-1-58046-541-0.
  • Ardoin, John (1999). The Philadelphia Orchestra: A Century of Music. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-56639-712-4.
  • Kupferberg, Herbert (1969). Those Fabulous Philadelphians. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-491-00394-0. OCLC 28276.
  • Kurnick, Judith K (1992). Riccardo Muti: Twenty Years in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Orchestra. ISBN 978-0-8122-1445-1. OCLC 25883790.
  • Clark, Sedgwick (2003). The Philadelphia Orchestra Celebrates Sawallisch 1993–2003. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Orchestra.
  • Marion, John Francis (1984). Within These Walls: A History of the Academy of Music in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Academy of Music/Philadelphia Orchestra. OCLC 11404370.
  • Peralta, Phyllis (2006). Philadelphia Maestros: Ormandy, Muti, Sawallisch. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-487-8.

External links

  •   Media related to Philadelphia Orchestra at Wikimedia Commons
  • Philadelphia Orchestra Official website
  • The Philadelphia Singers Official website
  • The Philadelphia Orchestra at the Ondine label
  • Philadelphia Orchestra at AllMusic
  • Philadelphia Orchestra at
  • Philadelphia Orchestra on NPR, Includes commentary by Christopher Eschenbach on the nine Beethoven symphonies for NPR's Performance Today from 2006.
  • Finding aid to the Philadelphia Orchestra 1966 Latin American Tour collection Ms. Coll. 929 at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries
  • Robin Hood Dell Orchestra discography
  • Philadelphia Orchestra recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

philadelphia, orchestra, american, symphony, orchestra, based, philadelphia, five, american, orchestras, orchestra, based, kimmel, center, performing, arts, where, performs, subscription, concerts, numbering, over, annually, verizon, hall, orchestrafounded1900. The Philadelphia Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra based in Philadelphia One of the Big Five American orchestras the orchestra is based at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts where it performs its subscription concerts numbering over 130 annually in Verizon Hall Philadelphia OrchestraOrchestraFounded1900 123 years ago 1900 LocationPhiladelphia PennsylvaniaConcert hallKimmel Center for the Performing ArtsMusic directorYannick Nezet SeguinWebsitewww wbr philorch wbr orgFrom its founding until 2001 the Philadelphia Orchestra gave its concerts at the Academy of Music The orchestra continues to own the Academy and returns there one week per year for the Academy of Music s annual gala concert and concerts for school children The Philadelphia Orchestra s summer home is the Mann Center for the Performing Arts It also has summer residencies at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center and since July 2007 at the Bravo Vail Valley Festival in Vail Colorado The orchestra also performs an annual series of concerts at Carnegie Hall From its earliest days the orchestra has been active in the recording studio making extensive numbers of recordings primarily for RCA Victor and Columbia Records The orchestra s current music director is Yannick Nezet Seguin since 2012 Contents 1 History 1 1 Bankruptcy and industrial action 1 2 Recent history 1 3 Firsts 1 4 Rachmaninoff 2 Recordings 3 Music Directors 4 Performance venues 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory Edit Fritz Scheel founding father and first conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra The orchestra was founded in 1900 by Fritz Scheel who also acted as its first conductor The orchestra had its beginnings with a small group of musicians led by the pianist F Cresson Schell 1857 1942 1 In 1904 Richard Strauss guest conducted the orchestra in a program of his compositions and in 1906 the Polish pianist Artur Rubinstein made his American debut with the orchestra Additionally in 1906 the orchestra traveled to the White House to perform in an exclusive concert In February 1907 Leandro Campanari took over and served as interim conductor for a short time during Scheel s illness and after his death 2 A flutist in the orchestra August Rodemann had stood in before Campanari s arrival He started sabotaging the performances and Campanari was obliged to remove himself from a bad situation 3 In 1907 Karl Pohlig became music director and served until 1912 New music he programmed was unpopular with audiences and revelations that he had an extra marital affair with his secretary caused outrage The orchestra cancelled his contract and gave him a year s salary 12 000 in severance to avoid a suit from Pohlig alleging a conspiracy to oust him 3 4 Leopold Stokowski music director 1912 1938 Leopold Stokowski became music director in 1912 and brought the orchestra to national prominence Under his guidance the orchestra gained a reputation for virtuosity and developed what is known as the Philadelphia Sound Stokowski left the orchestra in 1941 and did not return as a guest conductor for nearly 20 years The Philadelphia Orchestra on stage with Stokowski for the American premiere of Mahler s Eighth Symphony March 2 1916 In 1936 Eugene Ormandy joined the organization and jointly held the post of principal conductor with Stokowski until 1938 when he became its sole music director He remained as music director until 1980 after which he became Conductor Laureate Ormandy conducted many of the orchestra s best known recordings and took the orchestra on its historic 1973 tour of the People s Republic of China where it was the first Western orchestra to visit that country in many decades 5 The tour was highly successful and it has since returned for three additional successful tours Riccardo Muti became principal guest conductor of the orchestra in the 1970s and assumed the role as Music Director from Ormandy in 1980 serving through 1992 His recordings with the orchestra included the symphonies of Ludwig van Beethoven Johannes Brahms and Alexander Scriabin for the EMI and Philips labels Wolfgang Sawallisch succeeded Muti as Music Director from 1993 to 2003 He made a number of recordings with the orchestra of music of Robert Schumann Richard Strauss and Richard Wagner among other composers for the EMI label However the orchestra lost its recording contract with EMI during this time which led to a musicians strike for 64 days in 1996 6 7 Near the end of Sawallisch s tenure the orchestra released a self produced set of recordings of the Schumann symphonies with Sawallisch conducting In 2003 Sawallisch was named Conductor Laureate and held the title until his death in 2013 In 2003 Christoph Eschenbach succeeded Sawallisch as music director This appointment was controversial because Eschenbach had not conducted the orchestra in over four years and there was a perceived lack of personal chemistry between him and the musicians prior to the appointment 8 9 10 At least one early report tried to downplay this concern 11 The orchestra returned to commercial recordings with Eschenbach on the Ondine label However in October 2006 Eschenbach and the orchestra announced the conclusion of his tenure as music director in 2008 for a total of five years the shortest tenure as music director in the history of the Philadelphia Orchestra along with Pohlig After Eschenbach s departure the Philadelphia Orchestra was without a music director for four years In February 2007 Charles Dutoit was appointed chief conductor and artistic adviser for four seasons starting in the fall of 2008 and running through the 2011 2012 season 12 13 This move was made to provide an artistic bridge while the orchestra searched for its eighth music director 13 14 15 According to news articles from August 2007 the orchestra had now devised a search process in which each musician in the orchestra would have a say in the choice of the next Music Director 16 17 Yannick Nezet Seguin principal conductor from 2012 In December 2008 at the invitation of Dutoit 18 Yannick Nezet Seguin made his first guest conducting appearance with the orchestra He returned for a second series of concerts in December 2009 19 In June 2010 Nezet Seguin was appointed Music Director Designate with a scheduled duration under that title from 2010 to 2012 with 2 weeks of scheduled appearances in the 2010 2011 season and 5 weeks of scheduled appearances in the 2011 2012 season Eventually in 2012 he was appointed music director succeeding Dutoit who subsequently was named conductor laureate of the orchestra Nezet Seguin s initial contract as music director was for 5 seasons with 7 weeks of scheduled concerts in the 2012 2012 season 15 weeks in the next 2 seasons and 16 weeks in the subsequent 2 seasons of his Philadelphia contract 20 In January 2015 the orchestra announced the extension of Nezet Seguin s contract to the 2021 22 season 21 22 In June 2016 the orchestra announced a further extension of Nezet Seguin s contract through the 2025 2026 season 23 In December 2017 the orchestra announced the discontinuation of its relationship with Dutoit and the revocation of his title as its conductor laureate with immediate effect in the wake of allegations against him of sexual assault 24 Charles Dutoit and the Philadelphia Orchestra concert in Tianjin The Philadelphia Orchestra s current concertmaster is David Kim 25 Past concertmasters have included Norman Carol and Erez Ofer Past Associate Conductors of the orchestra have included William Smith Luis Biava and Rossen Milanov 26 27 In 2014 Stephane Deneve was appointed principal guest conductor Cristian Măcelaru as conductor in residence and Lio Kuokman as assistant conductor 28 29 In 2016 Kensho Watanabe succeeded Kuokman as assistant conductor 30 Erina Yashima has served as assistant conductor since 2019 Deneve served as principal guest conductor from 2014 through 2020 31 As of June 2016 the orchestra does not have its own chorus The orchestra formerly worked with the Philadelphia Singers as its resident chorus until the Philadelphia Singers disbanded in May 2015 32 Bankruptcy and industrial action Edit On April 16 2011 the Philadelphia Orchestra s board of directors voted to file for Chapter 11 reorganization due to the organization s large operational deficit This was the first time that a major U S orchestra had filed for bankruptcy 33 34 Amid mounting dissent from the musicians Nezet Seguin volunteered in August 2011 to add a week in his 2011 2012 season appearances 35 On July 30 2012 the orchestra announced that it had officially emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection effective that day 36 On September 30 2016 the orchestra s players went out on strike one hour before its scheduled Opening Night Gala concert 37 The musicians issued a statement We can no longer remain silent while we continue in a downward spiral The players rejected 1 2 percent per year increases offered by management The base pay rate was noted as less than what other similar orchestras are offering The strike was settled after three days when musicians approved a new contract on October 2 2016 The new agreement is scheduled to raise the base salary to 137 800 and to increase the size of the orchestra to 97 over three years 38 Recent history Edit In March 2018 the orchestra announced the appointment of Matias Tarnopolsky as its next president and chief executive officer 39 in succession to Allison Vulgamore who held the posts from 2010 through December 2017 In December 2020 the orchestra announced the appointment of Nathalie Stutzmann as its next principal guest conductor the first female conductor ever named to this Philadelphia post effective with the 2021 2022 season with a contract of 3 years 40 In February 2023 the orchestra announced a further extension of his contract through the 2029 2030 season along with a change in his title to music and artistic director 41 42 Firsts Edit The Philadelphia Orchestra boasts a number of significant media firsts It was the first symphony orchestra to make electrical recordings in 1925 It was the first orchestra to make a commercially sponsored radio broadcast on NBC in 1929 and the first to appear on a television broadcast on CBS in 1948 The Philadelphia was the first American orchestra to make a digital recording of the complete Beethoven symphonies on compact disc in 1988 and the first major orchestra to give a live cybercast of a concert on the internet in 1997 In 2006 the orchestra was the first to offer downloads of music from its own website without a distributor 43 In other firsts the Orchestra made diplomatic history in 1973 when it became the first American orchestra to tour the People s Republic of China performing in Beijing s Great Hall of the People In 1999 under Wolfgang Sawallisch it became the first American orchestra to visit Vietnam In 2006 the orchestra appointed Carol Jantsch principal tuba as of 2006 2007 44 the orchestra s first ever female principal tuba player and the first in a full time American orchestra Rachmaninoff Edit The Orchestra was known for its special relationship with the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff due primarily to Stokowski s championship In his first season on January 3 1913 Stokowski conducted Isle of the Dead Later in an all Rachmaninoff programme on February 3 1920 Stokowski gave the U S premiere of The Bells and accompanied the composer in his 3rd Piano Concerto In 1924 they collaborated on an acoustically recorded 78rpm set of the 2nd Piano Concerto re recording it electrically in 1929 On March 18 1927 Stokowski conducted the world premieres of the Three Russian Folk Songs of which he was the dedicatee and the 4th Piano Concerto again with the composer at the keyboard Another world premiere took place on November 7 1934 when Stokowski accompanied the composer in the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini with the two musicians making its first recording shortly afterwards Rachmaninoff himself also took on the role of conductor with the Philadelphia Orchestra recording Isle of the Dead and Vocalise with them in 1929 followed ten years later by a 78rpm set of his 3rd Symphony a work that Stokowski had premiered on November 6 1936 In particular he and Ormandy were also close associates and Rachmaninoff was supposed to have said that in his American years he composed with the sound of the Philadelphia Orchestra in his head The many recordings of the music of Rachmaninoff by Ormandy were noted as being closest to the composer s desire Rachmaninoff s Symphonic Dances Op 45 his last work was premiered by Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra to whom it is dedicated on January 3 1941 Recordings EditThe Orchestra s first recordings were made for the Victor Talking Machine Company in Camden New Jersey in 1917 when Leopold Stokowski conducted performances of two of Brahms s Hungarian Dances The historic first electrical recordings were also made at Victor s Trinity Church Studio in Camden in April 1925 Saint Saens Danse macabre was the first to be recorded Later in 1926 Victor began recording the Orchestra in the Academy of Music in Philadelphia Stokowski led the ensemble in experimental long playing high fidelity and even stereophonic sessions in the early 1930s for RCA Victor and Bell Laboratories During 1939 40 Stokowski and the orchestra recorded the soundtrack for Walt Disney s Fantasia in multi track stereophonic sound Arturo Toscanini made a series of recordings for RCA Victor with the orchestra in 1941 and 1942 the master discs for these records were supposedly damaged during processing resulting in unusually high surface noise and distortion and they were not approved for release at the time In 1963 after extensive electronic editing RCA Victor issued one of the recordings on LP the Schubert Symphony in C Major In 1977 all of the recordings were finally issued in a 5 LP boxed set they were later digitally remastered and reissued twice on compact disc by RCA Victor in 1992 and again in 2006 During the 1942 44 AFM Recording Ban the orchestra s contract with RCA Victor expired following the settlement of the strike in November 1944 the orchestra joined Columbia Records recording some of the dances from Borodin s Prince Igor The Philadelphians remained with Columbia for the next 23 years In 1968 Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra returned to RCA Victor and made their first digital recording Bartok s Concerto for Orchestra for the label in 1979 The Orchestra has also recorded for EMI and Teldec In May 2005 the Philadelphia Orchestra announced a three year recording partnership with the Finnish label Ondine the Orchestra s first recording contract in 10 years The resumption of a regular recording program was one of Christoph Eschenbach s stated priorities as music director A number of recordings have been released since November 2005 to international acclaim On September 21 2006 the Philadelphia Orchestra became the first major United States orchestra to sell downloads of its performances directly from the orchestra s website While other American orchestras had downloads of their music on the internet the Philadelphia Orchestra said it was the first to offer the downloads without a distributor 43 In 2010 the orchestra abandoned this practice and formed a partnership with IODA a digital distribution company with downloads available through a variety of online retailers including iTunes Amazon com Rhapsody and eMusic In other media musicians from the orchestra were featured in a documentary film by Daniel Anker Music from the Inside Out which received theatrical release and television airings 45 46 The orchestra received its first Grammy Award in 2022 for their recording of the first and third symphonies of Florence Price 41 Music Directors EditFritz Scheel 1900 1907 Karl Pohlig 1908 1912 Leopold Stokowski 1912 1938 Eugene Ormandy 1936 1980 Riccardo Muti 1980 1992 Wolfgang Sawallisch 1993 2003 Christoph Eschenbach 2003 2008 Charles Dutoit 2008 2012 chief conductor Yannick Nezet Seguin 2012 present Performance venues Edit Academy of Music the orchestra s home 1900 2001 Mann Center for the Performing Arts the orchestra s summer home since 1976 Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts opened 2001 Verizon Hall is the orchestra s current home Saratoga Performing Arts Center in Saratoga Springs New York the orchestra s summer residency since the venue first opened in 1966 See also Edit Philadelphia portalMendelssohn A Midsummer Night s Dream Eugene Ormandy recording References Edit The World of Music The Etude March 1921 Retrieved July 19 2013 Campanari at Rehearsal PDF The New York Times February 18 1907 Retrieved July 19 2013 a b Daniel Grotta Kurska June 1974 Music Is There a Maestro in the Wings Philadelphia Retrieved July 19 2013 Carl Pohlig Got 12 000 PDF The New York Times June 12 1912 Retrieved July 19 2013 Daniel Webster February 1 2008 Learning Chinese Playbill Arts Retrieved February 2 2008 Allan Kozinn September 17 1996 Strike in Philadelphia What Stopped the Music The New York Times Retrieved July 19 2013 Anthony Tommasini November 28 1996 Philadelphians After Strike Offer a Violinist s Debut The New York Times Retrieved July 19 2013 Doreen Carvajal February 6 2001 Musicians Are Gaining Bigger Voice In Orchestras The New York Times Retrieved April 29 2008 Dobrin Peter October 29 2006 Orchestra has some lessons to consider The Philadelphia Inquirer Anthony Tommasini November 23 2006 Conductor Under Fire Orchestra Under Pressure The New York Times Retrieved April 11 2007 Peter Culshaw May 18 2004 Chemistry lessons The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on May 29 2007 Retrieved July 19 2013 Tom Di Nardo February 23 2007 Charles Dutoit to head orchestra Philadelphia Daily News Retrieved July 19 2013 a b Peter Dobrin March 3 2007 Positivity on the podium The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Daniel J Wakin February 24 2007 The Philadelphia Orchestra Names a Chief Conductor The New York Times Retrieved April 11 2007 Peter Dobrin February 25 2007 Which Dutoit will show up The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Peter Dobrin August 5 2007 A measured search for one to yield the baton The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved April 19 2013 Kevin Shihoten August 6 2007 Philadelphia Orchestra Musicians to Have Bigger Say in Director Search Playbill Arts Retrieved August 11 2007 Arthur Kaptainis November 10 2007 Dutch treat Montreal Gazette Archived from the original on November 3 2012 Retrieved June 19 2010 Robert Zaller December 8 2009 Conductor shortage Where Broad Street Review Retrieved June 19 2010 Peter Dobrin June 14 2010 Canada s rising star to be Phila maestro The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved June 19 2010 Yannick Nezet Seguin Extends Tenure as Music Director of The Philadelphia Orchestra through 2021 2022 Season Press release Philadelphia Orchestra January 30 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 Peter Dobrin January 30 2015 Philadelphia Orchestra prepares for a big ask The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved January 31 2015 Peter Dobrin June 2 2016 Yannick Nezet Seguin gets Met job will also stay as Phila Orchestra director The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved June 4 2016 Follow Up Statement from The Philadelphia Orchestra Association Regarding Charles Dutoit Allegations Press release Philadelphia Orchestra December 22 2017 Retrieved January 12 2018 Tom Di Nardo February 2 2007 Orchestra s concertmaster holds a key job Philadelphia Daily News Retrieved July 19 2013 William Smith Philadelphia Music Alliance c 1986 2021 Retrieved 19 June 2021 David Patrick Stearns June 3 2010 Associate conductor s departure not a surprise The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved June 19 2010 The Philadelphia Orchestra Appoints Conducting Roster of Principal Guest Conductor Conductor in Residence and Assistant Conductor Press release The Philadelphia Orchestra April 28 2014 Archived from the original on April 3 2015 Retrieved September 28 2016 Peter Dobrin April 28 2014 New names titles on the orchestra podium The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved January 31 2015 Kensho Watanabe Appointed Assistant Conductor of The Philadelphia Orchestra The Philadelphia Orchestra July 19 2016 Retrieved September 28 2016 The Philadelphia Orchestra Extends Stephane Deneve s Contract as Principal Guest Conductor for Three More Years until 2019 20 Press release The Philadelphia Orchestra February 7 2017 Retrieved February 12 2017 David Patrick Stearns May 19 2015 Review A fine farewell for the Philadelphia Singers The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved June 4 2016 Peter Dobrin April 17 2011 Philadelphia Orchestra s board votes to file for bankruptcy The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Philadelphia Orchestra board OKs Chapter 11 filing Bloomberg Businessweek Associated Press April 17 2011 Retrieved July 19 2013 Music Director Designate Yannick Nezet Seguin steps forward to increase his time with The Philadelphia Orchestra and its audiences Press release Philadelphia Orchestra August 22 2011 Retrieved August 22 2011 The Philadelphia Orchestra Association Officially Emerges from Chapter 11 Effective July 30 2012 Press release The Philadelphia Orchestra July 30 2012 Retrieved July 19 2013 Peter Dobrin October 1 2016 Philadelphia Orchestra on strike gala concert canceled The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved February 12 2017 Peter Dobrin October 2 2016 Philadelphia Orchestra strike ends contract vote 73 11 The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved February 12 2017 Matias Tarnopolsky Appointed President and CEO of The Philadelphia Orchestra Association PDF Press release The Philadelphia Orchestra March 26 2018 Retrieved March 26 2018 Yannick Nezet Seguin and The Philadelphia Orchestra Connect with Audiences Worldwide through New Digital Stage Performances January June 2021 Press release Philadelphia Orchestra December 8 2020 Retrieved December 10 2020 a b Yannick Nezet Seguin and The Philadelphia Orchestra to Renew Partnership with Contract Extension through 2030 Press release The Philadelphia Orchestra February 5 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Javier C Hernandez February 5 2023 Yannick Nezet Seguin Extends His Contract With the Philadelphia Orchestra The New York Times Retrieved February 6 2023 a b David Patrick Stearns September 21 2006 Philadelphia Orchestra enters the ear bud age The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Peter Dobrin February 26 2006 Breaking the brass ceiling A female tubist The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Joshua Kosman December 30 2005 Documentary gets behind the music made by orchestral musicians San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved July 19 2013 David Patrick Stearns April 20 2005 The orchestra with no discord The Philadelphia Inquirer Retrieved July 19 2013 Further reading EditJacobson Bernard 2015 Star Turns and Cameo Appearances Rochester NY University of Rochester Press pp 178 208 ISBN 978 1 58046 541 0 Ardoin John 1999 The Philadelphia Orchestra A Century of Music Philadelphia Temple University Press ISBN 978 1 56639 712 4 Kupferberg Herbert 1969 Those Fabulous Philadelphians New York C Scribner s Sons ISBN 978 0 491 00394 0 OCLC 28276 Kurnick Judith K 1992 Riccardo Muti Twenty Years in Philadelphia Philadelphia Philadelphia Orchestra ISBN 978 0 8122 1445 1 OCLC 25883790 Clark Sedgwick 2003 The Philadelphia Orchestra Celebrates Sawallisch 1993 2003 Philadelphia Philadelphia Orchestra Marion John Francis 1984 Within These Walls A History of the Academy of Music in Philadelphia Philadelphia Academy of Music Philadelphia Orchestra OCLC 11404370 Peralta Phyllis 2006 Philadelphia Maestros Ormandy Muti Sawallisch Philadelphia Temple University Press ISBN 978 1 59213 487 8 External links Edit Media related to Philadelphia Orchestra at Wikimedia Commons Philadelphia Orchestra Official website The Philadelphia Singers Official website The Philadelphia Orchestra at the Ondine label Philadelphia Orchestra at AllMusic Philadelphia Orchestra at Art of the States Philadelphia Orchestra on NPR Includes commentary by Christopher Eschenbach on the nine Beethoven symphonies for NPR s Performance Today from 2006 Finding aid to the Philadelphia Orchestra 1966 Latin American Tour collection Ms Coll 929 at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries Robin Hood Dell Orchestra discography Philadelphia Orchestra recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Philadelphia Orchestra amp oldid 1137753364, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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