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Cleveland Orchestra

February 16, 2024

The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio.[1][2] Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".[3] The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Hall. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.

The Cleveland Orchestra
Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra performs at Severance Hall in 2023
Founded1918; 106 years ago (1918)
LocationCleveland, Ohio, United States
Concert hallSeverance Hall
Music directorFranz Welser-Möst
Websitewww.clevelandorchestra.com

History edit

Founding and early history (1918–1945) edit

The Cleveland Orchestra was founded in 1918 by music-aficionado Adella Prentiss Hughes, businessman John L. Severance, Father John Powers, music critic Archie Bell, and Russian-American violinist and conductor Nikolai Sokoloff,[4] who would become the Orchestra’s first music director. A former pianist, Hughes served as a local music promoter and sponsored a series of “Symphony Orchestra Concerts” designed to bring top-notch orchestral music to Cleveland.[5] In 1915, she helped found the Musical Arts Association,[6] which presented Cleveland performances of the Ballets Russes in 1916 and Richard Wagner’s Siegfried at the Cleveland Indians’ League Park a few months later[7] After a great deal of planning and fundraising, The Cleveland Orchestra’s inaugural concert was performed on December 11, 1918, at Grays Armory.[8]

Three events occurred in 1921 that would prove significant in the young Orchestra’s development: First, the ensemble presented its inaugural children’s concert, which began a long-standing tradition of performing for young people from local schools.[9] Second, the Women’s Committee of The Cleveland Orchestra was founded, a group which focused largely on internal affairs,[10] including organization and branding; the Women’s Committee was also the driving force behind the creation of the Orchestra’s education-oriented Key Concerts series decades later. And third, the Orchestra performed its first concert in New York City that year, at the Hippodrome Theatre — a performance demonstrating that the Orchestra was committed to embarking on major activities from early in its existence.[11] In 1922, the Orchestra again traveled to New York for its first concert at Carnegie Hall,[12] a relationship between ensemble and venue that continues to this day. Later that year, the Orchestra performed its first radio broadcast[13] and, in 1924, issued its first recording — a shortened version of Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture for the Brunswick label under Sokoloff’s direction.[14]

 
Severance Hall, the orchestra's home since 1931.

By the end of the 1920s, the Musical Arts Association began planning for a permanent concert hall for the Orchestra. Board president John L. Severance and his wife, Elisabeth, pledged $1 million(equivalent to $17,043,000 in 2022) toward the construction of a new hall,[15] and the groundbreaking ceremony took place in November 1929, a few months after Mrs. Severance’s death.[16] On February 5, 1931, the Orchestra performed its inaugural concert at Severance Hall.[17] Also that year, Lillian Baldwin created what became known as the “Cleveland Plan,” which was an initiative designed to build upon the Orchestra’s earlier children’s concerts and create a program that taught classical music to young people before they entered Severance Hall for a live performance.[18]

In 1933, Sokoloff was replaced as the Orchestra’s music director by Polish conductor Artur Rodzinski, who had previously served as music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.[19] During his decade-long tenure with The Cleveland Orchestra, Rodzinski advocated for the inclusion of staged opera at Severance Hall.[20] The first of these productions was featured during the 1933–34 season, when the Orchestra performed Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde.[21] In 1935, the Orchestra presented the United States’ premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich’s controversial Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District at Severance Hall[22] and, later in the season, took the production to New York’s Metropolitan Opera. Four years later, in 1939, the Orchestra added to its growing legacy by establishing the Cleveland Summer Orchestra and performing pops concerts at Cleveland’s Public Hall. On December 11, 1939, The Cleveland Orchestra celebrated the anniversary of its founding by releasing its first recording on the Columbia label.[12]

Rodzinski departed Cleveland in 1943 and was replaced by Erich Leinsdorf, a young conductor from the Metropolitan Opera.[23] However, Leinsdorf’s tenure with The Cleveland Orchestra was brief: He was drafted into the United States Armed Forces shortly after his appointment, which diminished his artistic control.[24] Although Leinsdorf was honorably discharged from the military in September 1944, his time away from the podium had required the Musical Arts Association to employ a number of guest conductors from 1943 until 1945,[25] including the Hungarian George Szell, a former colleague of Leinsdorf’s at the Met who impressed audiences at Severance Hall during two weeks of performances.[26] Leinsdorf lost much of his public support and, though still under contract, submitted his resignation in December 1945.[27] The following year Szell was appointed as The Cleveland Orchestra’s fourth music director.[28]

George Szell (1946–1970) edit

From the start of his tenure, Szell had a simple goal — transforming The Cleveland Orchestra into “America’s finest” symphonic ensemble and developing an orchestra that was “second to none.”[29] He spent much of his early time in Cleveland changing personnel in an effort to find musicians who were capable of creating his ideal orchestral sound.[30][31] Szell’s stringent standards and expectations for musical precision were reflected in his contract with the Musical Arts Association: He was given complete artistic control over programming, scheduling, personnel, and recording.[32]

In the 1950s and ‘60s, Szell was instrumental in the achievement of several Cleveland Orchestra milestones. First, he led the Orchestra on its first European tour, in 1957, across Europe and behind the Iron Curtain.[33] Next, Szell pushed to change Severance Hall’s acoustic properties, which he felt were too “dry.” Major renovations were made during the 1958–59 season, including the construction of the “Szell Shell,” which was designed to project the Orchestra’s sound in a manner that created better balance among musicians and a clearer string section.[34] A second European tour took place in 1965, and included a significant tour of the Soviet Union, with performances in Moscow, Kiev, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Sochi, and Leningrad.[35] Two years later, the ensemble became the first American orchestra to be invited to three premiere festivals, in Salzburg, Lucerne, and Edinburgh, in the same summer.[36] Szell also oversaw the opening of the Orchestra’s summer home, Blossom Music Center, in 1968, which provided the ensemble’s musicians with year-round employment.[37] After 24 years, Szell’s time with The Cleveland Orchestra came to an abrupt and unexpected end: shortly after he led the ensemble on a tour of the Far East during the spring of 1970, which included stops in Japan, Korea, and Alaska,[38] Szell died.[39]

Two days after Szell’s death, the Orchestra played its scheduled program at Blossom Music Center with Aaron Copland taking the podium as guest conductor.[40] However, now the Musical Arts Association had to appoint a new music director for the first time in nearly two and a half decades. Initially, Louis Lane, one of Szell’s assistant conductors, was appointed resident conductor and Pierre Boulez, who had been named principal guest conductor in 1969, was appointed musical advisor.[41]

Lorin Maazel (1972–1982) edit

Eventually, the board selected Lorin Maazel as The Cleveland Orchestra’s fifth music director — a tenure that would begin in 1972.[42] The first time Maazel conducted the Orchestra was at the age of 13 in 1943, when he led the ensemble during a concert at Cleveland’s Public Hall.[42] Many critics were initially unimpressed with Maazel’s musical interpretations, which they believed were too emotionally charged to follow Szell’s razor-crisp style.[43] But soon Maazel was lifted by an endorsement from Philadelphia Orchestra conductor Eugene Ormandy[44] and the promise of a new collaboration with Decca Records on Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet, which proved to be the spark Maazel needed to jumpstart his Cleveland Orchestra career.[45] During the 1973–74 season, Maazel led the Orchestra on a tour of Australia and New Zealand,[46] where the ensemble was joined by guest conductors Stanislaw Skrowaczewski and (former Cleveland Orchestra music director) Erich Leinsdorf.[47] The Orchestra also played a series of concerts in Japan.[48] During the following season, the Orchestra released its first commercial recording of an opera, George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess, which was also Decca’s first opera recording in the United States.[49] Soon Maazel emerged as a candidate for the directorship of the Vienna State Opera and he arranged to leave Cleveland after the 1981–82 season.[50] Before his departure, however, Maazel helped to introduce the Orchestra’s landmark Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Concerts in January 1980, which remain an annual tradition to this day.[51] On May 15, 1982, Maazel conducted his final performance at Severance Hall followed by a short tour of New York and New Haven, where he led concerts featuring Giuseppe Verdi’s Requiem, which had been his debut piece with the Orchestra in 1972.[52]

Christoph von Dohnányi (1984–2002) edit

During the search for Maazel’s successor, German conductor Christoph von Dohnányi took the podium for a series of concerts at Severance Hall in December 1981.[53] It didn’t take long for the Musical Arts Association to realize that The Cleveland Orchestra had found its next music director in Dohnányi; he was named music director designate in 1982, and he officially began his tenure two years later.[54] During the pair of seasons between Maazel and Dohnányi, a number of guest conductors took turns leading the Orchestra, including Erich Leinsdorf, who labeled himself the “bridge between the regimes.”[55]

Because of Dohnányi’s connections with Teldec, Decca/London, and Telarc, his Cleveland Orchestra tenure began with the promise of more recording projects.[56] He also staged a large production of Mozart’s The Magic Flute at Blossom Music Center in 1985, which was lauded as “the Ohio musical event of the summer” by The Columbus Dispatch.[57] In addition, Dohnányi oversaw the hiring of Indonesian conductor Jahja Ling, who would lead the newly-established Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra.[58] International touring continued under Dohnányi with visits to Asia and Europe, including the development of a long-standing relationship with the Salzburg Festival beginning in 1990.[59]

To celebrate The Cleveland Orchestra’s 75th anniversary, Dohnányi led performances of Richard Wagner’s Ring cycle at Severance Hall across the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons,[60] and a subsequent recording project of Wagner’s Das Rheingold and Die Walküre.[61] The Orchestra also began a fundraising campaign for the renovation of Severance Hall, which included the removal of the “Szell Shell,” a return of the ensemble’s E.M. Skinner organ to the stage, and a facilities expansion designed to enhance the experience of concertgoers.[62] During these renovations, the Orchestra performed concerts for its hometown audiences at the Allen Theatre in Cleveland’s Playhouse Square.[63] On January 8, 2000, Dohnányi led a gala concert celebrating the re-opening of Severance Hall that was broadcast live on local television by Cleveland’s WVIZ.[64]

At the conclusion of Dohnányi’s contract, in 2002, he was named The Cleveland Orchestra’s music director laureate.[65]

Franz Welser-Möst (2002–2027) edit

Since signing to become the Orchestra’s seventh music director, Welser-Möst and the Musical Arts Association have extended his contract several times — with his most recent contract keeping him on the podium until 2027.[66][67] During his tenure, Welser-Möst has overseen many of The Cleveland Orchestra’s residencies, outreach programs, and expansion activities. He leads the Orchestra’s ongoing residencies at the Musikverein in Vienna and at the Lucerne Festival, both of which began with Welser-Möst’s first European tour in 2003. In addition, under Welser-Möst The Cleveland Orchestra began an annual residency at Miami’s Carnival Center for the Performing Arts — later renamed the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts — in 2007.[12] Over the past decade, the Orchestra has continued to present operas and a selection of film screenings with live musical accompaniment.[12] On September 29, 2018, Welser-Möst led the ensemble in a gala concert at Severance Hall celebrating the Orchestra’s 100th anniversary — a presentation that was later featured on America’s preeminent arts television series, Great Performances, during an exclusive U.S. broadcast on PBS.[12]

In addition to a vast catalog of recordings created with the ensemble's music directors, the orchestra has made many recordings with guest conductors Vladimir Ashkenazy, Oliver Knussen, Kurt Sanderling, Yoel Levi, Riccardo Chailly, George Benjamin, Roberto Carnevale, Riccardo Muti, Michael Tilson Thomas, and Louis Lane (the orchestra's longtime Associate Conductor). Past assistant conductors of the Cleveland Orchestra include Matthias Bamert, James Levine, Alan Gilbert, James Judd and Michael Stern.

In early 2020, the orchestra suspended a planned tour of Europe and Abu Dhabi, and live concerts at Severance Hall and Blossom Music Center due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[68] That October, the orchestra launched the Adella App, a streaming service including historical and newly created content. Access to the service was free to season subscribers and $35 per month for non-subscribers. [69] In 2020, The Cleveland Orchestra announced they had started their own recording label, self-titled as The Cleveland Orchestra.[70] A limited in-person return to concerts was announced for Blossom Music Center for the Summer of 2021, with a return to Severance Hall planned for October.[71]

In October 2023, Welser-Möst underwent surgery for the removal of a cancerous tumor, and announced curtailment of his performances during the remainder of 2023.[72] In January 2024, the Orchestra announced that Welser-Möst is to conclude his tenure as ts music director at the close of the 2026-2027 season.[73][74]

Music directors edit

Daniel R. Lewis Composer Fellows edit

Honors and awards edit

Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance:

Grammy Award for Best Classical Album :

Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra):

Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Classical:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Allen, David (October 9, 2020). "The Cleveland Orchestra, America's Finest, Restarts Recording". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  2. ^ Barone, Joshua (January 19, 2023). "Review: The Unaffected Excellence of the Cleveland Orchestra". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Michael Walsh (April 25, 1983). . Time. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
  4. ^ Rosenberg, Donald (2000). The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. Cleveland: Gray & Company. p. 43.
  5. ^ Rosenberg, Donald. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 36.
  6. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 40.
  7. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 40–41.
  8. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 55.
  9. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 77–78.
  10. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 77.
  11. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 71.
  12. ^ a b c d e "A Century of Excellence". The Cleveland Orchestra.
  13. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 82.
  14. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 84.
  15. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 99.
  16. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 104, 110.
  17. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 115.
  18. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 119–120.
  19. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 128, 134–135.
  20. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 135.
  21. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 135, 138.
  22. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 149–152.
  23. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 201.
  24. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 205, 207, 209.
  25. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 213.
  26. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 214.
  27. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 226.
  28. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 227–229.
  29. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 229.
  30. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 229–230.
  31. ^ . Time. February 22, 1963. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
  32. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 227.
  33. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 291–294.
  34. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 299–302.
  35. ^ Shakarian, Pietro A. (August 8, 2022). "Cleveland Orchestra Tour of the USSR". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  36. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 372–375.
  37. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 347–360.
  38. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 392–393.
  39. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 397–398.
  40. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 402–403.
  41. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 377, 402.
  42. ^ a b Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 415–419.
  43. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 428–431.
  44. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 432.
  45. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 435–437.
  46. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 439–441.
  47. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 439.
  48. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 445–446.
  49. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 451.
  50. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 473–475.
  51. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 476–477.
  52. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 489.
  53. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 483–484.
  54. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 484, Pl. 83.
  55. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 491–493.
  56. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 497, 507–508.
  57. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 499.
  58. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 505.
  59. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 518, 523.
  60. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 524–525.
  61. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 534–535.
  62. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. pp. 537–538.
  63. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 544.
  64. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 545.
  65. ^ Rosenberg. The Cleveland Orchestra Story: Second to None. p. 548.
  66. ^ "The Cleveland Orchestra and Music Director Franz Welser-Möst extend acclaimed partnership to 2027" (Press release). The Cleveland Orchestra. September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  67. ^ "Franz Welser-Most To Stay With Cleveland Orchestra Until 2027". Ideastream Public Media. September 22, 2019.
  68. ^ "Cleveland Orchestra cancels Severance Hall concerts March 12-14". March 12, 2020.
  69. ^ "Cleveland Orchestra plans return to music-making in October, announces new streaming app". September 3, 2020.
  70. ^ "2020-03-13 A New Century". www.clevelandorchestra.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  71. ^ v
  72. ^ "Cleveland Orchestra's Franz Welser-Möst to miss concerts for medical treatment". WVXU. September 8, 2023.
  73. ^ "Franz Welser-Möst announces the conclusion of his tenure as Music Director of The Cleveland Orchestra in 2027 after 25 years of artistic innovation, deep-rooted community engagement, and international acclaim" (PDF) (Press release). The Cleveland Orchestra. January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  74. ^ Joshua Barone (January 11, 2024). "'Everything Has a Time': Cleveland's Longest-Serving Conductor Plans His Departure". The New York Times. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  75. ^ "The Cleveland Orchestra to give world premiere performances of Topos by Anthony Cheung at May 18 and 20 concerts". Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  76. ^ "The Cleveland Orchestra announces 101st Season for 2018–2019". Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  77. ^ "The Cleveland Orchestra Announces 106th season" (PDF). March 19, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  78. ^ "Grammy Award Ceremony 1970 - Grammy Award Winners 1970". www.awardsandshows.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  79. ^ "Grammy Award Nominees 1971 - Grammy Award Winners 1971". www.awardsandshows.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  80. ^ "Nominees for 38th annual Grammy Awards - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  81. ^ "40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) | DigitalHit.com". www.digitalhit.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  82. ^ "Nominees for 38th annual Grammy Awards - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  83. ^ "53rd Annual Grammy® Award Nominees (2011 Grammys) Coverage | DigitalHit.com". www.digitalhit.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  84. ^ "Grammy Award Nominees 1971 - Grammy Award Winners 1971". www.awardsandshows.com. Retrieved January 11, 2024.

Further reading edit

  • Rosenberg, Donald (2000). The Cleveland Orchestra Story. Cleveland: Gray & Company. ISBN 978-1-886228-24-5.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland Orchestra.
  • The Cleveland Orchestra Official website
  • at the Wayback Machine (archived March 17, 2008) from the Telarc website.

February 16, 2024
cleveland, orchestra, american, orchestra, based, cleveland, ohio, founded, 1918, pianist, impresario, adella, prentiss, hughes, orchestra, five, american, orchestras, informally, referred, five, orchestra, plays, most, concerts, severance, hall, current, musi. The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland Ohio 1 2 Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the Big Five 3 The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Hall Its current music director is Franz Welser Most The Cleveland OrchestraOrchestraThe Cleveland Orchestra performs at Severance Hall in 2023Founded1918 106 years ago 1918 LocationCleveland Ohio United StatesConcert hallSeverance HallMusic directorFranz Welser MostWebsitewww wbr clevelandorchestra wbr com Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and early history 1918 1945 1 2 George Szell 1946 1970 1 3 Lorin Maazel 1972 1982 1 4 Christoph von Dohnanyi 1984 2002 1 5 Franz Welser Most 2002 2027 2 Music directors 3 Daniel R Lewis Composer Fellows 4 Honors and awards 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editFounding and early history 1918 1945 edit The Cleveland Orchestra was founded in 1918 by music aficionado Adella Prentiss Hughes businessman John L Severance Father John Powers music critic Archie Bell and Russian American violinist and conductor Nikolai Sokoloff 4 who would become the Orchestra s first music director A former pianist Hughes served as a local music promoter and sponsored a series of Symphony Orchestra Concerts designed to bring top notch orchestral music to Cleveland 5 In 1915 she helped found the Musical Arts Association 6 which presented Cleveland performances of the Ballets Russes in 1916 and Richard Wagner s Siegfried at the Cleveland Indians League Park a few months later 7 After a great deal of planning and fundraising The Cleveland Orchestra s inaugural concert was performed on December 11 1918 at Grays Armory 8 Three events occurred in 1921 that would prove significant in the young Orchestra s development First the ensemble presented its inaugural children s concert which began a long standing tradition of performing for young people from local schools 9 Second the Women s Committee of The Cleveland Orchestra was founded a group which focused largely on internal affairs 10 including organization and branding the Women s Committee was also the driving force behind the creation of the Orchestra s education oriented Key Concerts series decades later And third the Orchestra performed its first concert in New York City that year at the Hippodrome Theatre a performance demonstrating that the Orchestra was committed to embarking on major activities from early in its existence 11 In 1922 the Orchestra again traveled to New York for its first concert at Carnegie Hall 12 a relationship between ensemble and venue that continues to this day Later that year the Orchestra performed its first radio broadcast 13 and in 1924 issued its first recording a shortened version of Tchaikovsky s 1812 Overture for the Brunswick label under Sokoloff s direction 14 nbsp Severance Hall the orchestra s home since 1931 By the end of the 1920s the Musical Arts Association began planning for a permanent concert hall for the Orchestra Board president John L Severance and his wife Elisabeth pledged 1 million equivalent to 17 043 000 in 2022 toward the construction of a new hall 15 and the groundbreaking ceremony took place in November 1929 a few months after Mrs Severance s death 16 On February 5 1931 the Orchestra performed its inaugural concert at Severance Hall 17 Also that year Lillian Baldwin created what became known as the Cleveland Plan which was an initiative designed to build upon the Orchestra s earlier children s concerts and create a program that taught classical music to young people before they entered Severance Hall for a live performance 18 In 1933 Sokoloff was replaced as the Orchestra s music director by Polish conductor Artur Rodzinski who had previously served as music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic 19 During his decade long tenure with The Cleveland Orchestra Rodzinski advocated for the inclusion of staged opera at Severance Hall 20 The first of these productions was featured during the 1933 34 season when the Orchestra performed Wagner s Tristan und Isolde 21 In 1935 the Orchestra presented the United States premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich s controversial Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District at Severance Hall 22 and later in the season took the production to New York s Metropolitan Opera Four years later in 1939 the Orchestra added to its growing legacy by establishing the Cleveland Summer Orchestra and performing pops concerts at Cleveland s Public Hall On December 11 1939 The Cleveland Orchestra celebrated the anniversary of its founding by releasing its first recording on the Columbia label 12 Rodzinski departed Cleveland in 1943 and was replaced by Erich Leinsdorf a young conductor from the Metropolitan Opera 23 However Leinsdorf s tenure with The Cleveland Orchestra was brief He was drafted into the United States Armed Forces shortly after his appointment which diminished his artistic control 24 Although Leinsdorf was honorably discharged from the military in September 1944 his time away from the podium had required the Musical Arts Association to employ a number of guest conductors from 1943 until 1945 25 including the Hungarian George Szell a former colleague of Leinsdorf s at the Met who impressed audiences at Severance Hall during two weeks of performances 26 Leinsdorf lost much of his public support and though still under contract submitted his resignation in December 1945 27 The following year Szell was appointed as The Cleveland Orchestra s fourth music director 28 George Szell 1946 1970 edit From the start of his tenure Szell had a simple goal transforming The Cleveland Orchestra into America s finest symphonic ensemble and developing an orchestra that was second to none 29 He spent much of his early time in Cleveland changing personnel in an effort to find musicians who were capable of creating his ideal orchestral sound 30 31 Szell s stringent standards and expectations for musical precision were reflected in his contract with the Musical Arts Association He was given complete artistic control over programming scheduling personnel and recording 32 In the 1950s and 60s Szell was instrumental in the achievement of several Cleveland Orchestra milestones First he led the Orchestra on its first European tour in 1957 across Europe and behind the Iron Curtain 33 Next Szell pushed to change Severance Hall s acoustic properties which he felt were too dry Major renovations were made during the 1958 59 season including the construction of the Szell Shell which was designed to project the Orchestra s sound in a manner that created better balance among musicians and a clearer string section 34 A second European tour took place in 1965 and included a significant tour of the Soviet Union with performances in Moscow Kiev Tbilisi Yerevan Sochi and Leningrad 35 Two years later the ensemble became the first American orchestra to be invited to three premiere festivals in Salzburg Lucerne and Edinburgh in the same summer 36 Szell also oversaw the opening of the Orchestra s summer home Blossom Music Center in 1968 which provided the ensemble s musicians with year round employment 37 After 24 years Szell s time with The Cleveland Orchestra came to an abrupt and unexpected end shortly after he led the ensemble on a tour of the Far East during the spring of 1970 which included stops in Japan Korea and Alaska 38 Szell died 39 Two days after Szell s death the Orchestra played its scheduled program at Blossom Music Center with Aaron Copland taking the podium as guest conductor 40 However now the Musical Arts Association had to appoint a new music director for the first time in nearly two and a half decades Initially Louis Lane one of Szell s assistant conductors was appointed resident conductor and Pierre Boulez who had been named principal guest conductor in 1969 was appointed musical advisor 41 Lorin Maazel 1972 1982 edit Eventually the board selected Lorin Maazel as The Cleveland Orchestra s fifth music director a tenure that would begin in 1972 42 The first time Maazel conducted the Orchestra was at the age of 13 in 1943 when he led the ensemble during a concert at Cleveland s Public Hall 42 Many critics were initially unimpressed with Maazel s musical interpretations which they believed were too emotionally charged to follow Szell s razor crisp style 43 But soon Maazel was lifted by an endorsement from Philadelphia Orchestra conductor Eugene Ormandy 44 and the promise of a new collaboration with Decca Records on Prokofiev s Romeo and Juliet which proved to be the spark Maazel needed to jumpstart his Cleveland Orchestra career 45 During the 1973 74 season Maazel led the Orchestra on a tour of Australia and New Zealand 46 where the ensemble was joined by guest conductors Stanislaw Skrowaczewski and former Cleveland Orchestra music director Erich Leinsdorf 47 The Orchestra also played a series of concerts in Japan 48 During the following season the Orchestra released its first commercial recording of an opera George Gershwin s Porgy and Bess which was also Decca s first opera recording in the United States 49 Soon Maazel emerged as a candidate for the directorship of the Vienna State Opera and he arranged to leave Cleveland after the 1981 82 season 50 Before his departure however Maazel helped to introduce the Orchestra s landmark Martin Luther King Jr Celebration Concerts in January 1980 which remain an annual tradition to this day 51 On May 15 1982 Maazel conducted his final performance at Severance Hall followed by a short tour of New York and New Haven where he led concerts featuring Giuseppe Verdi s Requiem which had been his debut piece with the Orchestra in 1972 52 Christoph von Dohnanyi 1984 2002 edit During the search for Maazel s successor German conductor Christoph von Dohnanyi took the podium for a series of concerts at Severance Hall in December 1981 53 It didn t take long for the Musical Arts Association to realize that The Cleveland Orchestra had found its next music director in Dohnanyi he was named music director designate in 1982 and he officially began his tenure two years later 54 During the pair of seasons between Maazel and Dohnanyi a number of guest conductors took turns leading the Orchestra including Erich Leinsdorf who labeled himself the bridge between the regimes 55 Because of Dohnanyi s connections with Teldec Decca London and Telarc his Cleveland Orchestra tenure began with the promise of more recording projects 56 He also staged a large production of Mozart s The Magic Flute at Blossom Music Center in 1985 which was lauded as the Ohio musical event of the summer by The Columbus Dispatch 57 In addition Dohnanyi oversaw the hiring of Indonesian conductor Jahja Ling who would lead the newly established Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra 58 International touring continued under Dohnanyi with visits to Asia and Europe including the development of a long standing relationship with the Salzburg Festival beginning in 1990 59 To celebrate The Cleveland Orchestra s 75th anniversary Dohnanyi led performances of Richard Wagner s Ring cycle at Severance Hall across the 1992 93 and 1993 94 seasons 60 and a subsequent recording project of Wagner s Das Rheingold and Die Walkure 61 The Orchestra also began a fundraising campaign for the renovation of Severance Hall which included the removal of the Szell Shell a return of the ensemble s E M Skinner organ to the stage and a facilities expansion designed to enhance the experience of concertgoers 62 During these renovations the Orchestra performed concerts for its hometown audiences at the Allen Theatre in Cleveland s Playhouse Square 63 On January 8 2000 Dohnanyi led a gala concert celebrating the re opening of Severance Hall that was broadcast live on local television by Cleveland s WVIZ 64 At the conclusion of Dohnanyi s contract in 2002 he was named The Cleveland Orchestra s music director laureate 65 Franz Welser Most 2002 2027 edit Since signing to become the Orchestra s seventh music director Welser Most and the Musical Arts Association have extended his contract several times with his most recent contract keeping him on the podium until 2027 66 67 During his tenure Welser Most has overseen many of The Cleveland Orchestra s residencies outreach programs and expansion activities He leads the Orchestra s ongoing residencies at the Musikverein in Vienna and at the Lucerne Festival both of which began with Welser Most s first European tour in 2003 In addition under Welser Most The Cleveland Orchestra began an annual residency at Miami s Carnival Center for the Performing Arts later renamed the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts in 2007 12 Over the past decade the Orchestra has continued to present operas and a selection of film screenings with live musical accompaniment 12 On September 29 2018 Welser Most led the ensemble in a gala concert at Severance Hall celebrating the Orchestra s 100th anniversary a presentation that was later featured on America s preeminent arts television series Great Performances during an exclusive U S broadcast on PBS 12 In addition to a vast catalog of recordings created with the ensemble s music directors the orchestra has made many recordings with guest conductors Vladimir Ashkenazy Oliver Knussen Kurt Sanderling Yoel Levi Riccardo Chailly George Benjamin Roberto Carnevale Riccardo Muti Michael Tilson Thomas and Louis Lane the orchestra s longtime Associate Conductor Past assistant conductors of the Cleveland Orchestra include Matthias Bamert James Levine Alan Gilbert James Judd and Michael Stern In early 2020 the orchestra suspended a planned tour of Europe and Abu Dhabi and live concerts at Severance Hall and Blossom Music Center due to the COVID 19 pandemic 68 That October the orchestra launched the Adella App a streaming service including historical and newly created content Access to the service was free to season subscribers and 35 per month for non subscribers 69 In 2020 The Cleveland Orchestra announced they had started their own recording label self titled as The Cleveland Orchestra 70 A limited in person return to concerts was announced for Blossom Music Center for the Summer of 2021 with a return to Severance Hall planned for October 71 In October 2023 Welser Most underwent surgery for the removal of a cancerous tumor and announced curtailment of his performances during the remainder of 2023 72 In January 2024 the Orchestra announced that Welser Most is to conclude his tenure as ts music director at the close of the 2026 2027 season 73 74 Music directors editNikolai Sokoloff 1918 1933 Artur Rodzinski 1933 1943 Erich Leinsdorf 1943 1946 George Szell 1946 1970 Pierre Boulez musical advisor 1970 1972 Lorin Maazel 1972 1982 Christoph von Dohnanyi 1984 2002 Franz Welser Most 2002 present Daniel R Lewis Composer Fellows editMarc Andre Dalbavie 1999 2000 Matthias Pintscher 2001 2003 Susan Botti 2003 2005 Julian Anderson 2005 2007 Johannes Maria Staud 2007 2009 Jorg Widmann 2009 2011 Sean Shepherd 2011 2013 Ryan Wigglesworth 2013 2015 Anthony Cheung 75 2015 2017 Bernd Richard Deutsch de 76 2018 2020 Allison Loggins Hull 77 2021 present Honors and awards editGrammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance 1970 Boulez Debussy Images Pour Orchestre 78 1971 Boulez Stravinsky Le Sacre Du Printemps 79 1996 Boulez Debussy La Mer Debussy 80 1998 Boulez Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique Tristia 81 Grammy Award for Best Classical Album 1996 Boulez Debussy La Mer Nocturnes Jeux Etc 82 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist s Performance with orchestra 2011 Uchida Mozart Piano Concerto No 23 Mozart amp Piano Concerto No 24 Mozart 83 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album Classical 1971 Boulez Stravinsky Le Sacre du Printemps 84 See also editCleveland Orchestra Discography Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra Cleveland Philharmonic Orchestra Cleveland Women s Orchestra Cleveland Chamber Symphony CityMusic Cleveland Red an orchestra The Contemporary Youth OrchestraReferences edit Allen David October 9 2020 The Cleveland Orchestra America s Finest Restarts Recording The New York Times Retrieved October 13 2020 Barone Joshua January 19 2023 Review The Unaffected Excellence of the Cleveland Orchestra The New York Times Michael Walsh April 25 1983 Which U S Orchestras are Best Time Archived from the original on January 31 2008 Retrieved March 26 2008 Rosenberg Donald 2000 The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None Cleveland Gray amp Company p 43 Rosenberg Donald The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 36 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 40 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 40 41 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 55 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 77 78 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 77 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 71 a b c d e A Century of Excellence The Cleveland Orchestra Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 82 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 84 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 99 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 104 110 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 115 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 119 120 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 128 134 135 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 135 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 135 138 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 149 152 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 201 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 205 207 209 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 213 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 214 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 226 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 227 229 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 229 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 229 230 The Glorious Instrument Time February 22 1963 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved July 15 2007 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 227 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 291 294 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 299 302 Shakarian Pietro A August 8 2022 Cleveland Orchestra Tour of the USSR The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University Retrieved May 7 2023 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 372 375 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 347 360 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 392 393 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 397 398 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 402 403 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 377 402 a b Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 415 419 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 428 431 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 432 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 435 437 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 439 441 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 439 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 445 446 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 451 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 473 475 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 476 477 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 489 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 483 484 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 484 Pl 83 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 491 493 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 497 507 508 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 499 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 505 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 518 523 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 524 525 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 534 535 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None pp 537 538 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 544 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 545 Rosenberg The Cleveland Orchestra Story Second to None p 548 The Cleveland Orchestra and Music Director Franz Welser Most extend acclaimed partnership to 2027 Press release The Cleveland Orchestra September 21 2019 Retrieved September 29 2019 Franz Welser Most To Stay With Cleveland Orchestra Until 2027 Ideastream Public Media September 22 2019 Cleveland Orchestra cancels Severance Hall concerts March 12 14 March 12 2020 Cleveland Orchestra plans return to music making in October announces new streaming app September 3 2020 2020 03 13 A New Century www clevelandorchestra com Retrieved January 11 2024 v Cleveland Orchestra s Franz Welser Most to miss concerts for medical treatment WVXU September 8 2023 Franz Welser Most announces the conclusion of his tenure as Music Director of The Cleveland Orchestra in 2027 after 25 years of artistic innovation deep rooted community engagement and international acclaim PDF Press release The Cleveland Orchestra January 11 2024 Retrieved January 13 2024 Joshua Barone January 11 2024 Everything Has a Time Cleveland s Longest Serving Conductor Plans His Departure The New York Times Retrieved January 12 2024 The Cleveland Orchestra to give world premiere performances of Topos by Anthony Cheung at May 18 and 20 concerts Retrieved February 8 2018 The Cleveland Orchestra announces 101st Season for 2018 2019 Retrieved April 16 2018 The Cleveland Orchestra Announces 106th season PDF March 19 2023 Retrieved April 21 2023 Grammy Award Ceremony 1970 Grammy Award Winners 1970 www awardsandshows com Retrieved January 11 2024 Grammy Award Nominees 1971 Grammy Award Winners 1971 www awardsandshows com Retrieved January 11 2024 Nominees for 38th annual Grammy Awards UPI Archives UPI Retrieved January 11 2024 40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage 1998 DigitalHit com www digitalhit com Retrieved January 11 2024 Nominees for 38th annual Grammy Awards UPI Archives UPI Retrieved January 11 2024 53rd Annual Grammy Award Nominees 2011 Grammys Coverage DigitalHit com www digitalhit com Retrieved January 11 2024 Grammy Award Nominees 1971 Grammy Award Winners 1971 www awardsandshows com Retrieved January 11 2024 Further reading editRosenberg Donald 2000 The Cleveland Orchestra Story Cleveland Gray amp Company ISBN 978 1 886228 24 5 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland Orchestra The Cleveland Orchestra Official website Cleveland Orchestra history at the Wayback Machine archived March 17 2008 from the Telarc website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cleveland Orchestra amp oldid 1196895896, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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