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Paul of Aegina

January 01, 1970

Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (Greek: Παῦλος Αἰγινήτης; Aegina, c. 625 – c. 690) was a 7th-century Byzantine Greek physician best known for writing the medical encyclopedia Medical Compendium in Seven Books. He is considered the “Father of Early Medical Writing”.[1] For many years in the Byzantine Empire, his works contained the sum of all Western medical knowledge and was unrivaled in its accuracy and completeness.[2]

Historiated initial from a 16th-century edition.

Life edit

Nothing is known about his life, except that he was born in the island of Aegina, and that he travelled a good deal, visiting, among other places, Alexandria.[3] He is sometimes called Iatrosophistes and Periodeutes, a word which probably means a physician who travelled from place to place in the exercise of his profession. The exact time when he lived is not known; but, as he quotes Alexander of Tralles,[4] and is himself quoted by Yahya ibn Sarafyun (Serapion the Elder),[5] it is probable that Abu-al-Faraj is correct in placing him in the latter half of the 7th century.[6]

Works edit

The Suda says he wrote several medical works, of which the principal one is still extant, with no exact title, but is commonly called Medical Compendium in Seven Books (Greek: Ἐπιτομῆς Ἰατρικῆς βιβλία ἑπτά, Epitomes iatrikes biblia hepta).[7] This work is chiefly a compilation from earlier writers;[8] indeed its Greek title proclaims that it is an epitome of medicine, "epitomes iatrikes."

William Alexander Greenhill wrote that his reputation in the Islamic world seems to have been very great, and it is said that he was especially consulted by midwives, whence he received the name of Al-kawabeli or "the Accoucheur."[9] He is said by the Arabic writers to have written a work, "De Mulierum Morbis," and another, "De Puerulorum Vivendi Ratione atque Curatione." His great work was translated into Arabic by Hunayn ibn Ishaq.[9]

The sixth book on surgery in particular was referenced in Europe and the Arab world throughout the Middle Ages,[10] and is of special interest for surgical history. The whole work in the original Greek was published in Venice in 1528, and another edition appeared in Basel in 1538. Several Latin translations were published.[11] Its first full translation into English, was by Francis Adams in 1834.[12]

In this work he describes the operation to fix a hernia similar to modern techniques writing, "After making the incision to the extent of three fingers' breadth transversely across the tumor to the groin, and removing the membranes and fat, and the peritoneum being exposed in the middle where it is raised up to a point, let the knob of the probe be applied by which the intestines will be pressed deep down. The prominence, then, of the peritoneum, formed on each side of the knob of the probe, are to be joined together by sutures, and then we extract the probe, neither cutting the peritoneum nor removing the testicle, nor anything else, but curing it with applications used for fresh wounds."[13]

Honours edit

In 1753, botanist Carl Linnaeus published Aeginetia, which is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae and native mostly to tropical Asia. It was named in Paul of Aegina's honour.[14]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Güzey, Demet (2019-09-15). Mustard: A Global History. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-175-7.
  2. ^ Jütte, Robert (2008-05-12). Contraception: A History. Polity. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7456-3270-4.
  3. ^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Paul of Aegina, iv. 49, p. 526
  4. ^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Paul of Aegina, iii. 28, 78, pp. 447, 495, vii. 5, 11, 19, pp. 650, 660, 687
  5. ^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Ibn Sarafyun, Pract. vii. 9, pp. 73, 74, ed. Lugd. 1525
  6. ^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Abu-al-Faraj, Hist. Dynast. p. 114.
  7. ^ "Digital German edition". University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  8. ^ Smith 1870, p. 152.
  9. ^ a b Smith 1870, p. 153.
  10. ^ Pormann 2004.
  11. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aegineta, Paulus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 254.
  12. ^ Aegineta 1834, p. v (The Editor's Prefix).
  13. ^ Aegineta, Paulus (1921–24). Medical Epitome. Leipzig and Berlin: Heiberg. pp. 9–17.
  14. ^ "Aeginetia". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

References edit

  • Aegineta, Paulus (1834). Adams, Francis (ed.). The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta, the Greek Physician: Tr. Into English; with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 1 (First ed.). Welsh, Treuttel, Würtz. (Paulus (Aegineta_; Adams, Francis (1834). The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta, the Greek Physician: Tr. Into English; with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery.)
  • Keyser, Paul T.; Irby-Massie, Georgia L. (2012-11-12). Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek Tradition and its Many Heirs. Routledge. ISBN 9781134298020. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  • Pormann, Peter E. (2004). The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina's Pragmateia. BRILL. ISBN 9789004137578. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  • al-Zahrāwī, Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn ʻAbbās (1973). مقالة في العمل باليد: A Definitive Edition of the Arabic Text. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520015326. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Paulus Aegineta". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. pp. 146, 152, 153.

Further reading edit

  • Aegineta, Paulus (1844). Adams, Francis (ed.). The seven books of Paulus Ægineta (in 3 volumes). Vol. 1 (Second ed.). Printed for the Sydenham Society. (Paulus (Aegineta0 (1844). The Seven Books of Paulus Ægineta.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link))
  • Aegineta, Paulus (1846). Adams, Francis (ed.). The seven books of Paulus Ægineta. Vol. 2 (Second ed.). Printed for the Sydenham Society. (Paulus (Aegineta); Adams, Francis (1846). The Seven Books of Paulus Ægineta.)
  • Aegineta, Paulus (1847). Adams, Francis (ed.). The seven books of Paulus Ægineta. Vol. 3 (Second ed.). Printed for the Sydenham Society. (Paulus, Aegineta (1847). The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta: Translated from the Greek. With a Commentary Embracing a Complete View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery by Francis Adams. III.)
  • Heiberg, Johan Ludvig, ed. (1921–1924). "Heiberg's CMG' Greek text (Index entry IX)". The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
  • Savage-Smith, Emilie (7 December 2011) [2004]. "Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine: Bio-Bibliographies: Paul of Aegina". U.S. National Library of Medicine.

January 01, 1970
paul, aegina, paulus, aegineta, greek, Παῦλος, Αἰγινήτης, aegina, century, byzantine, greek, physician, best, known, writing, medical, encyclopedia, medical, compendium, seven, books, considered, father, early, medical, writing, many, years, byzantine, empire,. Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta Greek Paῦlos Aἰginhths Aegina c 625 c 690 was a 7th century Byzantine Greek physician best known for writing the medical encyclopedia Medical Compendium in Seven Books He is considered the Father of Early Medical Writing 1 For many years in the Byzantine Empire his works contained the sum of all Western medical knowledge and was unrivaled in its accuracy and completeness 2 Historiated initial from a 16th century edition Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Honours 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingLife editNothing is known about his life except that he was born in the island of Aegina and that he travelled a good deal visiting among other places Alexandria 3 He is sometimes called Iatrosophistes and Periodeutes a word which probably means a physician who travelled from place to place in the exercise of his profession The exact time when he lived is not known but as he quotes Alexander of Tralles 4 and is himself quoted by Yahya ibn Sarafyun Serapion the Elder 5 it is probable that Abu al Faraj is correct in placing him in the latter half of the 7th century 6 Works editThe Suda says he wrote several medical works of which the principal one is still extant with no exact title but is commonly called Medical Compendium in Seven Books Greek Ἐpitomῆs Ἰatrikῆs biblia ἑpta Epitomes iatrikes biblia hepta 7 This work is chiefly a compilation from earlier writers 8 indeed its Greek title proclaims that it is an epitome of medicine epitomes iatrikes William Alexander Greenhill wrote that his reputation in the Islamic world seems to have been very great and it is said that he was especially consulted by midwives whence he received the name of Al kawabeli or the Accoucheur 9 He is said by the Arabic writers to have written a work De Mulierum Morbis and another De Puerulorum Vivendi Ratione atque Curatione His great work was translated into Arabic by Hunayn ibn Ishaq 9 The sixth book on surgery in particular was referenced in Europe and the Arab world throughout the Middle Ages 10 and is of special interest for surgical history The whole work in the original Greek was published in Venice in 1528 and another edition appeared in Basel in 1538 Several Latin translations were published 11 Its first full translation into English was by Francis Adams in 1834 12 In this work he describes the operation to fix a hernia similar to modern techniques writing After making the incision to the extent of three fingers breadth transversely across the tumor to the groin and removing the membranes and fat and the peritoneum being exposed in the middle where it is raised up to a point let the knob of the probe be applied by which the intestines will be pressed deep down The prominence then of the peritoneum formed on each side of the knob of the probe are to be joined together by sutures and then we extract the probe neither cutting the peritoneum nor removing the testicle nor anything else but curing it with applications used for fresh wounds 13 Honours editIn 1753 botanist Carl Linnaeus published Aeginetia which is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae and native mostly to tropical Asia It was named in Paul of Aegina s honour 14 Notes edit Guzey Demet 2019 09 15 Mustard A Global History Reaktion Books ISBN 978 1 78914 175 7 Jutte Robert 2008 05 12 Contraception A History Polity p 36 ISBN 978 0 7456 3270 4 Smith 1870 p 152 cites Paul of Aegina iv 49 p 526 Smith 1870 p 152 cites Paul of Aegina iii 28 78 pp 447 495 vii 5 11 19 pp 650 660 687 Smith 1870 p 152 cites Ibn Sarafyun Pract vii 9 pp 73 74 ed Lugd 1525 Smith 1870 p 152 cites Abu al Faraj Hist Dynast p 114 Digital German edition University and State Library Dusseldorf Smith 1870 p 152 a b Smith 1870 p 153 Pormann 2004 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Aegineta Paulus Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 1 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 254 Aegineta 1834 p v The Editor s Prefix Aegineta Paulus 1921 24 Medical Epitome Leipzig and Berlin Heiberg pp 9 17 Aeginetia Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 20 May 2020 References editAegineta Paulus 1834 Adams Francis ed The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta the Greek Physician Tr Into English with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks Romans and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery Vol 1 First ed Welsh Treuttel Wurtz Paulus Aegineta Adams Francis 1834 The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta the Greek Physician Tr Into English with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks Romans and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery Keyser Paul T Irby Massie Georgia L 2012 11 12 Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists The Greek Tradition and its Many Heirs Routledge ISBN 9781134298020 Retrieved 19 October 2013 Pormann Peter E 2004 The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina s Pragmateia BRILL ISBN 9789004137578 Retrieved 1 December 2012 al Zahrawi Abu al Qasim Khalaf ibn ʻAbbas 1973 مقالة في العمل باليد A Definitive Edition of the Arabic Text University of California Press ISBN 9780520015326 Retrieved 1 December 2012 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1870 Paulus Aegineta Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol 3 pp 146 152 153 Further reading editAegineta Paulus 1844 Adams Francis ed The seven books of Paulus AEgineta in 3 volumes Vol 1 Second ed Printed for the Sydenham Society Paulus Aegineta0 1844 The Seven Books of Paulus AEgineta a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Aegineta Paulus 1846 Adams Francis ed The seven books of Paulus AEgineta Vol 2 Second ed Printed for the Sydenham Society Paulus Aegineta Adams Francis 1846 The Seven Books of Paulus AEgineta Aegineta Paulus 1847 Adams Francis ed The seven books of Paulus AEgineta Vol 3 Second ed Printed for the Sydenham Society Paulus Aegineta 1847 The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta Translated from the Greek With a Commentary Embracing a Complete View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks Romans and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery by Francis Adams III Heiberg Johan Ludvig ed 1921 1924 Heiberg s CMG Greek text Index entry IX The Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Retrieved May 20 2012 Savage Smith Emilie 7 December 2011 2004 Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine Bio Bibliographies Paul of Aegina U S National Library of Medicine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul of Aegina amp oldid 1156360424, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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