William Smith (lexicographer)

Sir William Smith (20 May 1813 – 7 October 1893)^[1][2] was an English lexicographer. He became known for his advances in the teaching of Greek and Latin in schools.

William Smith
Sir William Smith in 1893
Born	(1813-05-20)20 May 1813 Municipal Borough of Enfield
Died	7 October 1893(1893-10-07) (aged 80)
Resting place	Highgate Cemetery
Alma mater	University College London University College School
Occupation(s)	Lexicographer and editor
Works	A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography

Early life

Smith was born in Enfield in 1813 to Nonconformist parents. He attended the Madras House school of John Allen in Hackney.^[3] Originally destined for a theological career, he instead became articled to a solicitor. Meanwhile, he taught himself classics in his spare time, and when he entered University College London carried off both the Greek and Latin prizes. He was entered at Gray's Inn in 1830, but gave up his legal studies for a post at University College School and began to write on classical subjects.^[4]

Lexicography

Smith next turned his attention to lexicography. His first attempt was A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, which appeared in 1842, the greater part being written by him. Then followed the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology in 1849. A parallel Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography^[5] appeared in 1857, with some leading scholars of the day associated with the task.^[6]

In 1867, Smith became editor of the Quarterly Review, a post he held until his death.^[6]

Schoolbooks

Smith published the first of several school dictionaries in 1850, and in 1853 began the Principia series, which marked an advance in the school teaching of Greek and Latin. Then came the Student's Manuals of History and Literature, of which the English literature volume went into 13 editions.^[7] He himself wrote the Greek history volume.^[6]

He was joined in the venture by the publisher John Murray when the original publishing partner met difficulties. Murray was the publisher of the 1214-page Latin–English Dictionary based upon the works of Forcellini and Freund that Smith completed in 1855. This was periodically reissued over the next 35 years. It goes beyond "classical" (100 BCE – 100 CE) Latin to include many entries not found in other dictionaries of the period, including Lewis and Short.^[8]

Perhaps the foremost books Smith edited covered ecclesiastical subjects: the Dictionary of the Bible (1860–1865), the Dictionary of Christian Antiquities (1875–1880), jointly with Archdeacon Samuel Cheetham, and the Dictionary of Christian Biography (1877–1887), jointly with Henry Wace.^[6]

The Atlas,^[9] on which Sir George Grove collaborated, appeared in 1875.^[10] From 1853 to 1869 Smith was classical examiner to the University of London, and on retirement he became a member of the Senate. He sat on the Committee enquiring into questions of copyright and was for several years registrar of the Royal Literary Fund. He edited Gibbon, with Guizot's and Milman's notes, in 1854–1855.^[6][11]

Honours and death

 

Family grave of Sir William Smith in Highgate Cemetery

Smith was named a DCL by the University of Oxford and the University of Dublin. A knighthood was conferred on him in 1892. He died on 7 October 1893 in London,^[12] and is buried in a family grave on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery

References

Citations

1. "William Smith (1813-1893)". data.bnf.fr.
2. Clements, Ronald E. (2004). "Smith, Sir William (1813–1893), classical and biblical scholar". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25934. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
3. T. F. T. Baker, ed. (1995). "Hackney: Education". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
4. Chisholm 1911, pp. 270–271.
5. Smith, William; Anthon, Charles (28 September 1843). "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities". Harper – via Google Books.
6. Chisholm 1911, p. 271.
7. Thomas Budd Shaw: The Student's Manual of English Literature... (London, 1864).
8. London: Murray; 1855, 1857, 1868 and 1888 editions held by British Library . ChurchLatin.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
9. An atlas of ancient geography, biblical & classical : To illustrate the Dictionary of the Bible and the classical dictionaries / The biblical maps from recent surveys, and the classical maps drawn by Dr. Charles Müller. Edited by William Smith and George Grove. 1875
10. R. J. A. Talbert. 1992. "Mapping the classical world: major atlases and map series 1872–1990." Journal of Roman Archaeology 5:5–38.
11. Smith, William (28 September 1870). "Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology". Boston, Little – via Internet Archive.
12. Smith, William. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2010.

Sources

•   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Smith, Sir William". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 270–271.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Smith (lexicographer).

 

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Author:William Smith (1813–1893)

• Works by William Smith at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about William Smith at Internet Archive
•   "Smith, Sir William", A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, 1910 – via Wikisource
• A Short History of Ancient Greece with notes, study links and illustration by Elpenor
• Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1875 edition)