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Narayana Guru

January 06, 2023

For the 1986 Indian Malayalam film, see Sree Narayana Guru (film).

Narayana Guru, IPA: [nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru], (20 August 1856 – 20 September 1928)[1] was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality.[2]

Sree

Narayana Guru
Sree Narayana Guru
Personal
Born(1856-08-20)20 August 1856
Chempazhanthy, Kingdom of Travancore
(present day Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India)
Died20 September 1928(1928-09-20) (aged 72)
Varkala, Kingdom of Travancore
(present day Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India)
ReligionHinduism
Known forSocial reforms in Kerala
Relatives
  • Madan Asan (father)
  • Kuttiyamma (mother)
PhilosophyVedanta

Biography

 
Sree Narayana guru at Meditation. Narayana Guru meditated for 8 years at Pillathadam cave at Maruthwamala mountain and attained enlightenment. The area was secluded with heavy forest and inhabited with wild life.[3]
Excerpts from Anukambadasakam

Is the Reality that drives the chariot proclaiming the Supreme Truth (Lord Krishna),
Or the Ocean of Compassion and patience (The Buddha),
Or the Guru who wrote lucid bhashyas (commentaries) on Advaita (Adi Shankara),
this Compassion embodied one?
Is he the Almighty appearing in human form
Or righteousness manifesting in divine human form
Or the holy Son of God (Jesus Christ)
Or the merciful (Prophet) Nabi, the pearl, the gem?

Excerpts from Atmopadesa Śatakam

‘അഹമഹ’മെന്നരുളുന്നതൊക്കെയാരാ-
യുകിലകമേ പലതല്ലതേകമാകും;
അകലുമഹന്തയനേകമാകയാലീ
തുകയിലഹമ്പൊരുളും തുടര്‍ന്നിടുന്നു.

"I, I," thus, all that are spoken of,
when carefully considered,
inwardly are not many; that is one;
as the receding I-identities are countless
in their totality, the substance
of I-consciousness continues.

Narayanan, né Nanu, was born on 20 August 1856 to Madan Asan and Kuttiyamma in an Ezhava family, in the village of Chempazhanthy near Thiruvananthapuram, in the erstwhile state of Travancore.[4] His early education was in the gurukula way under Chempazhanthi Mootha Pillai during which time his mother died when he was 15. At the age of 21, he went to central Travancore to learn from Raman Pillai Asan, a Sanskrit scholar who taught him Vedas, Upanishads and the literature and logical rhetoric of Sanskrit. He returned to his village in 1881, when his father was seriously ill, and started a village school where he taught local children which earned him the name Nanu Asan.[4] A year later, he married Kaliamma but soon disassociated himself from the marriage to commence his public life as a social reformer.[4]

Leaving home, he traveled through Kerala and Tamil Nadu and it was during these journeys, he met Chattampi Swamikal, a social and religious reformer, who introduced Guru to Ayyavu Swamikal from whom he learned meditation and yoga.[5] Later, he continued his wanderings until he reached the Pillathadam cave at Maruthwamala where he set up an hermitage and practiced meditation and yoga for the next eight years.[4] In 1888, he visited Aruvippuram where he meditated for a while and during his stay there, he consecrated a piece of rock taken from the river, as the idol of Shiva, which has since become the Aruvippuram Shiva Temple.[6] The act, which later came to be known as Aruvipuram Pratishta, created a social commotion among the upper caste Brahmins who questioned Guru's right to consecrate the idol.[7] His reply to them that "This is not a Brahmin Shiva but an Ezhava Shiva"[8] later became a famous quote, used against casteism.[9][10] It was here, the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Yogam)[11] was founded on 15 May 1903 by the efforts of Padmanabhan Palpu, better known as Dr. Palpu, with Narayana Guru as its founder president.[12]

Guru shifted his base to Sivagiri, near Varkala in 1904 where he opened a school for children from the lower strata of the society and provided free education to them without considering their caste. However, it took him seven years to build[4] a temple there, the Sarada Mutt was built in 1912. He also built temples in other places such as Thrissur, Kannur, Anchuthengu, Thalassery, Kozhikode, and Mangalore and it took him to many places including Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) where he made his final visit in 1926. On his return to India, he was involved in a number of activities including the planning of the Sivagiri pilgrimage which was planned after his visit to Pallathuruthy in 1927 to attend the anniversary of the S.N.D.P. Yogam.[4]

Soon after the meeting at Pallathuruthy, which was the last public function he attended, Guru became ill and underwent treatment at places such as Aluva, Thrissur, Palakkad, and finally to Chennai; the physicians attended to him included Ayurvedic physicians like Cholayil Mami Vaidyar, Panappally Krishnan Vaidyar and Thycauttu Divakaran Moos as well as allopathic physicians viz. . Krishnan Thampi, Panikker, Palpu and a European physician by name, Noble. He returned to Sarada Mutt and died on 20 September 1928, at the age of 72.[4]

Legacy

Fight against casteism

Casteism was practised in Kerala during the 19th and early 20th centuries and the lower caste people such as Ezhavas and the untouchable castes like Paraiyars, tribals and Pulayars had to suffer discrimination from the upper caste community[13] It was against this discrimination that Guru performed his first major public act,[4] the consecration of Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888. Overall, he consecrated forty five temples across Kerala and Tamil Nadu..[citation needed]His consecrations were not necessarily conventional deities; a slab inscribed with the words, Truth, Ethics, Compassion, Love,[14] a vegetarian Shiva, a mirror and a sculpture by an Italian sculptor were among the various consecrations made by him.[15] He propagated the ideals of compassion and religious tolerance and one of his noted works, Anukampadasakam, extols various religious figures such as Krishna, The Buddha, Adi Shankara, Jesus Christ.[16]

Vaikom Satyagraha

The social protest of Vaikom Satyagraha was an agitation by the lower caste against untouchability in Hindu society of Travancore.[17] It was reported that the trigger for the protest was an incident when Narayana Guru was stopped from passing through a road leading to Vaikom Temple by an upper caste person. It prompted Kumaran Asan and Muloor S.Padmanabha Panicker, both disciples of Guru, to compose poems in protest of the incident. T. K. Madhavan, another disciple, petitioned the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in 1918 for rights to enter the temple and worship, regardless of the caste.[18] A host of people including K. Kelappan and K. P. Kesava Menon, formed a committee and announced Kerala Paryatanam movement and with the support of Mahatma Gandhi, the agitation developed into a mass movement which resulted in the opening of the temple as well as three roads leading to it to people of all castes.[18][19] The protest also influenced the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936.[20][21]

Sivagiri pilgrimage

Sivagiri pilgrimage was conceived by three of the disciples of Guru viz. Vallabhasseri Govindan Vaidyar, T. K. Kittan Writer and Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker which Guru approved in 1928, with his own recommendations.[citation needed] He suggested that the goals of the pilgrimage should be the promotion of education, cleanliness, devotion to God, organization, agriculture, trade, handicrafts, and technical training and advised Vaidyar and Writer to organise a series of lectures on these themes to stress the need for the practice of these ideals, stating this to be the core purpose of Sivagiri pilgrimage. However, his death soon after delayed the project until 1932 when the first pilgrimage was undertaken from Elavumthitta in Pathanamthitta District.[22]

Writings and philosophy

Guru published 45 works in Malayalam, Sanskrit and Tamil languages which include Atmopadesa Śatakam, a hundred-verse spiritual poem[23] and Daiva Dasakam, a universal prayer in ten verses.[24] He also translated three major texts, Thirukural of Valluvar, Ishavasya Upanishad and Ozhivil Odukkam of Kannudaiya Vallalaar.[25] It was he who propagated the motto, One Caste, One Religion, One God for All (Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu) which has become popular as a saying in Kerala.[26] He furthered the non-dualistic philosophy of Adi Sankara by bringing it into practice by adding the concepts of social equality and universal brotherhood.[26]

Ashtalakshyangal

  • Vidyabhyasam
  • Shuchitwam
  • Eeshwaravishwasam
  • Krishi
  • Kaithozhil
  • Kachawadam
  • Sanghadana
  • Shastra sanketika Parisheelanam

All Religions' Conference

Guru organized an All Religion Conference in 1923 at Alwaye Advaita Ashram, which was reported to be first such event in India.[27] It was an effort to counter the religious conversions Ezhava community was susceptible to[28] and at the entrance of the conference, he arranged for a message to be displayed which read, We meet here not to argue and win, but to know and be known.[citation needed] The conference has since become an annual event, organised every year at the Ashram.[29]

Notable disciples

Public acceptance, honours and veneration

 
Narayana Guru 1967 stamp of India
 
₹5 Coin

In 1916, Ramana Maharshi hosted Narayana Guru at his Tiruvannamalai ashram when Guru was returning from a trip to Kancheepuram where Swami Govindananda, a disciple of Guru, had established the Sree Narayana Seva Ashram.[33] Rabindranath Tagore met Narayana Guru at the latter's ashram in Sivagiri in November 1922. Tagore later said of Narayana Guru that, "I have never come across one who is spiritually greater than Swami Narayana Guru or a person who is at par with him in spiritual attainment".[34] Three years later, Mahatma Gandhi visited Guru during his 1925 trip to Kerala to participate in the Vaikom Satyagraha[35] after which the Indian independence movement leader stated that "it was a great privilege in his life to have the darshan of an esteemed sage like Sree Narayana Guru."[citation needed]

On 21 August 1967, Narayana Guru was commemorated on an Indian postage stamp of denomination 15 nP.[36] Another commemorative stamp on him was issued by Sri Lanka Post on 4 September 2009.[37] The Reserve Bank of India issued two sets of commemorative coins depicting Guru's image, each valued at ₹5 and ₹100 respectively, on the occasion of his 150th birth anniversary.[citation needed]

The first of the several statues of Narayana Guru was erected at Jagannath Temple, Thalassery in 1927 while he was still alive.[38][39] His statues are seen in many places in Kerala which include a 24 feet statue at Kaithamukku in Thiruvananthapuram.[40] The Government of Kerala observe the birthday, the Sri Narayana Jayanthi, and the date of death (Sree Narayana Guru Samadhi) of Narayana Guru as public holidays.[41]

In popular media

The life of Narayana Guru has been portrayed in a number of movies starting with the 1986 film Sree Narayana Guru,[42] made by award-winning director P. A. Backer.[43] Swamy Sreenarayana Guru, an Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Krishnaswamy, released the same year. Almost a decade and a half later, R. Sukumaran made a film on the life of Guru, titled Yugapurushan[44] in 2010 with Thalaivasal Vijay playing the role of Guru and the film also featured Mammootty and Navya Nair.[45] Brahmashri Narayana Guru Swamy is a Tulu film made in 2014 by Rajashekar Kotian on Guru's life and the film was the 50th film made in the language.[46] His life during the eight years he spent at Maruthwamala (also known as Marunnumamala) has been adapted into a docufiction, titled Marunnumamala and the film was released by Pinarayi Vijayan, the chief minister of Kerala on 9 August 2016.[47][a]

Works

In Malayalam

 
Narayana Guru's tomb in Sivagiri, Kerala
  • Swanubavageethi
  • Aathmopadesh Shathakam[49]
  • Adwaitha deepika[50]
  • Arivu[51]
  • Narayana Guru (1988). Daivadasakam. Trivandrum: Narayana Gurukula.
  • Narayana Guru; Bhāskaran, Ti (1981). Śivaśatakaṃ (in Malayalam). Tiruvanantapuram]; Kōṭṭayaṃ: N.M. Sajee Bhaskaran; Vitaraṇaṃ, Nāṣanal Bukst̲āḷ. OCLC 13027019.
  • Jeevakarunya Panchakam
  • Anukamba Dasakam
  • Jathi Nirnayam
  • Jathi Lakshanam
  • Chijjada Chinthanam
  • Daiva vichinthanam – 1 & 2
  • Athma Vilasam
  • Narayana Guru; Bhaskaran T (1981). Shivasathakam. Sajee Bhaskaran.
  • Kolatheereshastavam
  • Bhadrakaalyashtakam
  • Gajendra moksham vanchipattu
  • Ottapadyangal
  • Sree Krishnana Darsanam
  • Mangalasamsakal
  • Narayana Guru (1987). Subrahmanya keerthanam. Varkala: Narayana Gurukula.
  • Subramanya Ashtakam
  • Sadasiva Darsanam
  • Samasya
  • Swanubhava Geethi
  • Indrya Vairagyam
  • Narayana Guru (1976). Nyayadarsanam. Varkala: Narayana Gurukula.
  • Narayana Guru (1988). Prapanchasudhidasakam anubhoothidasakam. Varkkala: Narayana Gurukula.
  • Narayana Guru (2003). Kalinatakam (2nd ed.). Varkkala: Narayanagurukulam.
  • Narayana Guru, Sree (1993). Baahuleyaashtakam. Varkala, Narayana Gurukulam.
  • Narayana Guru (1985). Sree Narayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Kruthikal (in Malayalam). Calicut, Mathrubhumi.
  • Narayana Guru; Bālakr̥ṣṇan Nāyar, G (1972). Kuṇdalini-pāṭṭu' (in Malayalam). Trivandrum: Sree Narayana Publishing House. OCLC 499830611.
  • Narayana Guru; Narayana Prasad; Narayana Gurukula (2003). Kāḷināṭakaṃ. Varkkala: Nārāyaṇagurukulaṃ. OCLC 58526535.

In Sanskrit

 
The first Jnana Vigraham of Narayana Guru
  • Narayana Guru (2004). Darsanamaala. Varkkala: Narayana Gurukula.
  • Narayana Guru (1985). Brahmavidyapanjakam. Varkkala: Narayana Gurukulam.
  • Narayana Guru; Śāstrī, Harihara (1998). Darśanamālā. Naī Dillī: Ḍī. Ke. Priṇṭavarlḍa. ISBN 9788124601099. OCLC 671596309.
  • Nirvruthi Panchakam
  • Slokathrayi
  • Vedantha Suthram
  • Homa Manthram
  • Municharya Panchakam
  • Asramam
  • Dharmam
  • Charama Slokangal
  • Homa Mantram
  • Chidambarashtakam
  • Guhashtakam
  • Bhadrakaliashtakam
  • Vinayaka Ashtakam
  • Sree Vasudeva Ashtakam
  • Janani Navaratna Manjari

In Tamil

  • Thevarappathinkangal[52]

Translations

  • Thirukural
  • Isavasyo Upanishad
  • Ozhivil Odukkam

Translations of Guru's works into other languages

  • Narayana Guru; Narayana Prasad (translator) (2007). Garland of visions: Darśanamālā of Narayana Guru. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 9788124603918. OCLC 167576536. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Nataraja Guru; Narayana Guru (2001). An integrated science of the absolute: based on the Darśana mālā (Garland of visions) of Narayana Guru. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 9788124601846. OCLC 50756278.
  • Narayana Guru; Narayana Prasad (translator) (2009). Shorter philosophical poems of Narayana Guru: Brahmavidyā pañcakam, Advaita dīpikā, Aṛivu, Homa mantram, Daiva daśakam. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 9788124605158. OCLC 653807175. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru; Narayana Prasad (translator) (1997). The Vedānta-sūtras of Nārāyaṇa Guru: with an English translation of the original Sanskrit and commentary. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 9788124600856. OCLC 37282506. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru (1977). Life divine and spiritual values. Bangalore: Swami Sivananda Spiritual Centre : Copies can be had from Satsangha Seva Samithi. OCLC 615117867.
  • Narayana Guru; Sreenivasan (translator), K (1994). The song of the self: a new translation of atmopadesasatakam (one hundred verses of self-instruction). Thiruva-nanthapuram, Kerala: Jayasree Publications. OCLC 222527764. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru; Nataraja Guru (translator) (1969). One hundred verses of self-instruction (Atmopadesasatakam). Varkala, Kerala: Gurukula Pub. House. OCLC 695387. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru; Atmananda (translator); Narayana Prasad (2007). Nārāyaṇasmr̥tiḥ (in Sanskrit). New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 9788124603925. OCLC 733026527. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru; Nityacaitanya Yati (translator) (1982). Vinayakashtakam: eight verses in praise of Vināyaka. Varkala: Narayana Gurukula. OCLC 863337667. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  • Narayana Guru (1969). One hundred verses of self-instruction. OCLC 606239200.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Marunnumamala - a docufiction in Malayalam on YouTube[48]

References

  1. ^ "Narayana Guru, 1856-1928". LC Name Authority File. Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  2. ^ Pullapilly, Cyriac K. (1976). "The Izhavas of Kerala and their Historic Struggle for Acceptance in the Hindu Society". In Smith, Bardwell L. (ed.). Religion and social conflict in South Asia. International studies in sociology and social anthropology. Vol. 22. BRILL. pp. 24–46. ISBN 978-90-04-04510-1.
  3. ^ "Pillathadam".
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Sree Narayana Guru, Varkala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala". Kerala Tourism - Varkala. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  5. ^ Younger, Paul (2002). Playing host to deity : festival religion in the South Indian tradition. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-19-514044-3.
  6. ^ Staff Reporter (24 December 2012). "125 years of Aruvippuram temple". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  7. ^ "125 years of Aruvipuram Pratishta". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  8. ^ . 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  9. ^ A. Sreedhara Menon (4 March 2011). Kerala History and its Makers. DC Books. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-81-264-3782-5.
  10. ^ "In Kerala temple priest appointments, Backward caste Ezhavas overrun Brahmins". outlookindia.com/. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  11. ^ Chandramohan, P. (April 2016). Developmental Modernity in Kerala: Narayana Guru, S.N.D.P Yogam and Social Reform. Tulika Books. ISBN 9789382381792. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  12. ^ "SNDP Yogam". sndpyogam.in. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  13. ^ "Guru-varsham 150: The year of Sree Narayana Guru". www.rediff.com. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  14. ^ "TKMM College". tkmmcollege.org. 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  15. ^ "These places were a part of Sree Narayana Guru's life". OnManorama. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  16. ^ Sekher, Dr Ajay (6 September 2017). "Guru who made Kerala fit to bear 'god's own' label". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  17. ^ "Extreme injustice led to Vaikom Satyagraha, says Romila Thapar". The Hindu. 22 July 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  18. ^ a b "Vaikom: A Story of Courage & The Extraordinary Movement That Changed India!". The Better India. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  19. ^ "Fenced By The Thread". outlookindia.com/. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  20. ^ Mahadevan, G. (12 November 2011). "Temple Entry Proclamation the greatest act of moral freedom: Uthradom Tirunal". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  21. ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Rajeev Srinivasan". www.rediff.com. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  22. ^ "Elavumthitta - the birthplace of Sivagiri pilgrimage". The Hindu. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  23. ^ . 14 August 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  24. ^ Staff Reporter (7 October 2009). "Kerala recommends national prayer song to Centre". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  25. ^ "Writings of Sree Narayana Guru". www.sndp.org. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  26. ^ a b Diane P. Mines; Sarah Lamb; Sarah E. Lamb (2010). Everyday Life in South Asia. Indiana University Press. pp. 209–. ISBN 978-0-253-35473-0.
  27. ^ R. Raman Nair; L. Sulochana Devi (2010). Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography-1. South Indian Studies. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-81-905928-2-6.
  28. ^ Bardwell L. Smith (1976). Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia. BRILL. pp. 42–. ISBN 90-04-04510-4.
  29. ^ Staff Reporter (8 March 2016). "All-religion meet begins at Aluva". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  30. ^ Das, Sisir Kumar (1991). A History of Indian Literature 1911-1956. Sahitya Akademi. p. 306. ISBN 81-7201-798-7.
  31. ^ a b Kusuman, K. K. (1990). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications, New Delhi. p. 44. ISBN 81-7099-214-1.
  32. ^ "Kunhiraman CV - Kerala Media Academy". archive.keralamediaacademy.org. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  33. ^ "Meeting between Narayana Guru and Ramana Maharshi". Thannal Hand Sculpted Homes. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  34. ^ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (31 December 2011). "The Other Tagore". Frontline. No. Volume 28 - Issue 27. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  35. ^ "From Vaikom to Venganoor - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  36. ^ "Stamps 1947-2000". Postage Stamps. India Post. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  37. ^ "All registered stamps issued by Sri Lanka: LK032.09". Universal Postal Union. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  38. ^ "Chapter X : A Metal Statue". www.sreenarayanaguru.in. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  39. ^ "Kerala Temples in Thalassery - Jagannath Temple, Thalassery". keralatemples.info. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  40. ^ "Kaithamukku gets city's tallest statue - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  41. ^ "Kerala Gazette" (PDF). General Administration (Coordination) Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  42. ^ "33rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  43. ^ "Sree Narayanaguru (1986)". www.malayalachalachithram.com. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  44. ^ "Yugapurushan (2010)". IMDb. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  45. ^ "Yugapurushan (2010)". www.malayalachalachithram.com. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  46. ^ "Now showing: 50th Tulu movie". The Hindu. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  47. ^ "Marunnumala Docufiction release on Aug 9 - Maruthwamala". Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  48. ^ Red Archers (8 August 2016). "Marunnumamala - Docufiction in MALAYALAM". YouTube. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  49. ^ Narayana Guru (1999). Aathmopadesh shathaksm. New Delhi: D.K Printworld.
  50. ^ Narayana Guru, Sree; Vimalananda; Ed (1985). Adwaitha deepika. Thiruvananthapuram, S Vijayan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ Narayana Guru (1989). Arivu. Varkala: Narayana Gurukula.
  52. ^ R. Raman Nair; L. Sulochana Devi (2010). Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography. South Indian Studies. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-81-905928-2-6.

Further reading

  • (Re)construction of ‘the Social’ for Making a Modern Kerala: Reflections on Narayana Guru's Social Philosophy, Satheese Chandra Bose, published in Satheese Chandra Bose and Shiju Sam Varughese (eds.) 2015. . Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan.
  • Sree Narayana Guruswamikalude jeeva charithram– Moorkoth Kumaran-(The official biography as approved by Sivagiri mutt.) Published by SNDS Trust
  • Sree Narayana Gurudeva Krithikal – Sampoorna Vyakyanam – G Balakrishnan Nair- (Works of Sree Narayana Guru with Complete Interpretations – ten parts compiled in two volumes) published by The State Institute of Languages, Kerala.
  • Brahmarshi Sree Narayana Guru – Dr. T. Bhaskaran- published by Sahitya Akademi.
  • The Word of the Guru : The Life and Teaching of Guru Narayana : Nataraja Guru, D.K. Printworld, 2003, New Delhi, ISBN 81-246-0241-7
  • Srinarayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Kruthikal (Complete Works of Sri Narayana Guru): Mathrubhoomi Publishers, Kozhikode, Kerala
  • Sri Narayana Guruvinte Mathavum Sivagiriyum (Sivagiri and the Religion of Sri Narayana Guru): K. Maheshwaran Nair
  • Narayanaguru- Editor: P.K.Balakrishnan (A collection of essays in Malayalam):March 2000, (First Edition 1954), Kerala Sahitya Academi, Trichur, Kerala.
  • The Philosophy of Narayana Guru: Swami Muni Narayana Prasad, D.K. Printworld, 2003, New Delhi, ISBN 81-246-0236-0.
  • Sree Narayana Gurudev - the Maharshi who made Advaita a Science - [Prof:G.K.Sasidharan]: Many Worlds Publications, Kollam, Kerala (First Edition 2014)
  • M. K. Sanu (2017). O. V. Usha (ed.). Sree Narayana Guru - Life and Times. Translated by P. R. Mukundan. Open Door Media. p. 280. ISBN 978-8193219614.
  • Nataraja Guru (2008). The Word of the Guru: The Life and Teachings of Guru Nārāyaṇa. D.K. Printworld. ISBN 978-81-246-0241-6.
  • Nityachaitanya Yati (2005). Narayana Guru. Indian Council of Philosophical Research. ISBN 978-81-85636-89-4.

External links

 
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  • M. K. Sanu. "The Greatness of Values - What Guru's life teaches us". Mathrubhumi (in Malayalam). Retrieved 1 April 2019. (preface written by the author for the book, Sree Narayana Guru - Life and Times
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January 06, 2023
narayana, guru, 1986, indian, malayalam, film, sree, film, nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ, guˈru, august, 1856, september, 1928, philosopher, spiritual, leader, social, reformer, india, reform, movement, against, injustice, caste, ridden, society, kerala, order, promote, spiritua. For the 1986 Indian Malayalam film see Sree Narayana Guru film Narayana Guru IPA nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru 20 August 1856 20 September 1928 1 was a philosopher spiritual leader and social reformer in India He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality 2 SreeNarayana GuruSree Narayana GuruPersonalBorn 1856 08 20 20 August 1856Chempazhanthy Kingdom of Travancore present day Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India Died20 September 1928 1928 09 20 aged 72 Varkala Kingdom of Travancore present day Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India ReligionHinduismKnown forSocial reforms in KeralaRelativesMadan Asan father Kuttiyamma mother PhilosophyVedanta Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 2 1 Fight against casteism 2 2 Vaikom Satyagraha 2 3 Sivagiri pilgrimage 2 4 Writings and philosophy 2 5 Ashtalakshyangal 2 6 All Religions Conference 2 7 Notable disciples 3 Public acceptance honours and veneration 4 In popular media 5 Works 5 1 In Malayalam 5 2 In Sanskrit 5 3 In Tamil 5 4 Translations 5 5 Translations of Guru s works into other languages 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksBiography Edit Sree Narayana guru at Meditation Narayana Guru meditated for 8 years at Pillathadam cave at Maruthwamala mountain and attained enlightenment The area was secluded with heavy forest and inhabited with wild life 3 Excerpts from Anukambadasakam Is the Reality that drives the chariot proclaiming the Supreme Truth Lord Krishna Or the Ocean of Compassion and patience The Buddha Or the Guru who wrote lucid bhashyas commentaries on Advaita Adi Shankara this Compassion embodied one Is he the Almighty appearing in human formOr righteousness manifesting in divine human formOr the holy Son of God Jesus Christ Or the merciful Prophet Nabi the pearl the gem Excerpts from Atmopadesa Satakam അഹമഹ മ ന നര ള ന നത ക ക യ ര യ ക ലകമ പലതല ലത കമ ക അകല മഹന തയന കമ കയ ല ത കയ ലഹമ പ ര ള ത ടര ന ന ട ന ന I I thus all that are spoken of when carefully considered inwardly are not many that is one as the receding I identities are countlessin their totality the substanceof I consciousness continues Narayanan ne Nanu was born on 20 August 1856 to Madan Asan and Kuttiyamma in an Ezhava family in the village of Chempazhanthy near Thiruvananthapuram in the erstwhile state of Travancore 4 His early education was in the gurukula way under Chempazhanthi Mootha Pillai during which time his mother died when he was 15 At the age of 21 he went to central Travancore to learn from Raman Pillai Asan a Sanskrit scholar who taught him Vedas Upanishads and the literature and logical rhetoric of Sanskrit He returned to his village in 1881 when his father was seriously ill and started a village school where he taught local children which earned him the name Nanu Asan 4 A year later he married Kaliamma but soon disassociated himself from the marriage to commence his public life as a social reformer 4 Leaving home he traveled through Kerala and Tamil Nadu and it was during these journeys he met Chattampi Swamikal a social and religious reformer who introduced Guru to Ayyavu Swamikal from whom he learned meditation and yoga 5 Later he continued his wanderings until he reached the Pillathadam cave at Maruthwamala where he set up an hermitage and practiced meditation and yoga for the next eight years 4 In 1888 he visited Aruvippuram where he meditated for a while and during his stay there he consecrated a piece of rock taken from the river as the idol of Shiva which has since become the Aruvippuram Shiva Temple 6 The act which later came to be known as Aruvipuram Pratishta created a social commotion among the upper caste Brahmins who questioned Guru s right to consecrate the idol 7 His reply to them that This is not a Brahmin Shiva but an Ezhava Shiva 8 later became a famous quote used against casteism 9 10 It was here the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam SNDP Yogam 11 was founded on 15 May 1903 by the efforts of Padmanabhan Palpu better known as Dr Palpu with Narayana Guru as its founder president 12 Guru shifted his base to Sivagiri near Varkala in 1904 where he opened a school for children from the lower strata of the society and provided free education to them without considering their caste However it took him seven years to build 4 a temple there the Sarada Mutt was built in 1912 He also built temples in other places such as Thrissur Kannur Anchuthengu Thalassery Kozhikode and Mangalore and it took him to many places including Sri Lanka then called Ceylon where he made his final visit in 1926 On his return to India he was involved in a number of activities including the planning of the Sivagiri pilgrimage which was planned after his visit to Pallathuruthy in 1927 to attend the anniversary of the S N D P Yogam 4 Soon after the meeting at Pallathuruthy which was the last public function he attended Guru became ill and underwent treatment at places such as Aluva Thrissur Palakkad and finally to Chennai the physicians attended to him included Ayurvedic physicians like Cholayil Mami Vaidyar Panappally Krishnan Vaidyar and Thycauttu Divakaran Moos as well as allopathic physicians viz Krishnan Thampi Panikker Palpu and a European physician by name Noble He returned to Sarada Mutt and died on 20 September 1928 at the age of 72 4 Legacy EditFight against casteism Edit Casteism was practised in Kerala during the 19th and early 20th centuries and the lower caste people such as Ezhavas and the untouchable castes like Paraiyars tribals and Pulayars had to suffer discrimination from the upper caste community 13 It was against this discrimination that Guru performed his first major public act 4 the consecration of Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888 Overall he consecrated forty five temples across Kerala and Tamil Nadu citation needed His consecrations were not necessarily conventional deities a slab inscribed with the words Truth Ethics Compassion Love 14 a vegetarian Shiva a mirror and a sculpture by an Italian sculptor were among the various consecrations made by him 15 He propagated the ideals of compassion and religious tolerance and one of his noted works Anukampadasakam extols various religious figures such as Krishna The Buddha Adi Shankara Jesus Christ 16 Vaikom Satyagraha Edit The social protest of Vaikom Satyagraha was an agitation by the lower caste against untouchability in Hindu society of Travancore 17 It was reported that the trigger for the protest was an incident when Narayana Guru was stopped from passing through a road leading to Vaikom Temple by an upper caste person It prompted Kumaran Asan and Muloor S Padmanabha Panicker both disciples of Guru to compose poems in protest of the incident T K Madhavan another disciple petitioned the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in 1918 for rights to enter the temple and worship regardless of the caste 18 A host of people including K Kelappan and K P Kesava Menon formed a committee and announced Kerala Paryatanam movement and with the support of Mahatma Gandhi the agitation developed into a mass movement which resulted in the opening of the temple as well as three roads leading to it to people of all castes 18 19 The protest also influenced the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 20 21 Sivagiri pilgrimage Edit Sivagiri pilgrimage was conceived by three of the disciples of Guru viz Vallabhasseri Govindan Vaidyar T K Kittan Writer and Muloor S Padmanabha Panicker which Guru approved in 1928 with his own recommendations citation needed He suggested that the goals of the pilgrimage should be the promotion of education cleanliness devotion to God organization agriculture trade handicrafts and technical training and advised Vaidyar and Writer to organise a series of lectures on these themes to stress the need for the practice of these ideals stating this to be the core purpose of Sivagiri pilgrimage However his death soon after delayed the project until 1932 when the first pilgrimage was undertaken from Elavumthitta in Pathanamthitta District 22 Writings and philosophy Edit Guru published 45 works in Malayalam Sanskrit and Tamil languages which include Atmopadesa Satakam a hundred verse spiritual poem 23 and Daiva Dasakam a universal prayer in ten verses 24 He also translated three major texts Thirukural of Valluvar Ishavasya Upanishad and Ozhivil Odukkam of Kannudaiya Vallalaar 25 It was he who propagated the motto One Caste One Religion One God for All Oru Jathi Oru Matham Oru Daivam Manushyanu which has become popular as a saying in Kerala 26 He furthered the non dualistic philosophy of Adi Sankara by bringing it into practice by adding the concepts of social equality and universal brotherhood 26 Ashtalakshyangal Edit Vidyabhyasam Shuchitwam Eeshwaravishwasam Krishi Kaithozhil Kachawadam Sanghadana Shastra sanketika ParisheelanamAll Religions Conference Edit Guru organized an All Religion Conference in 1923 at Alwaye Advaita Ashram which was reported to be first such event in India 27 It was an effort to counter the religious conversions Ezhava community was susceptible to 28 and at the entrance of the conference he arranged for a message to be displayed which read We meet here not to argue and win but to know and be known citation needed The conference has since become an annual event organised every year at the Ashram 29 Notable disciples Edit Bodhananda Swamikal Nataraja Guru Kumaran Asan 30 Sahodaran Ayyappan 31 T K Madhavan 31 C V Kunhiraman 32 Padmanabhan Palpu Muloor S Padmanabha Panicker Velutheri Kesavan VaidyarPublic acceptance honours and veneration Edit Narayana Guru 1967 stamp of India 5 Coin In 1916 Ramana Maharshi hosted Narayana Guru at his Tiruvannamalai ashram when Guru was returning from a trip to Kancheepuram where Swami Govindananda a disciple of Guru had established the Sree Narayana Seva Ashram 33 Rabindranath Tagore met Narayana Guru at the latter s ashram in Sivagiri in November 1922 Tagore later said of Narayana Guru that I have never come across one who is spiritually greater than Swami Narayana Guru or a person who is at par with him in spiritual attainment 34 Three years later Mahatma Gandhi visited Guru during his 1925 trip to Kerala to participate in the Vaikom Satyagraha 35 after which the Indian independence movement leader stated that it was a great privilege in his life to have the darshan of an esteemed sage like Sree Narayana Guru citation needed On 21 August 1967 Narayana Guru was commemorated on an Indian postage stamp of denomination 15 nP 36 Another commemorative stamp on him was issued by Sri Lanka Post on 4 September 2009 37 The Reserve Bank of India issued two sets of commemorative coins depicting Guru s image each valued at 5 and 100 respectively on the occasion of his 150th birth anniversary citation needed The first of the several statues of Narayana Guru was erected at Jagannath Temple Thalassery in 1927 while he was still alive 38 39 His statues are seen in many places in Kerala which include a 24 feet statue at Kaithamukku in Thiruvananthapuram 40 The Government of Kerala observe the birthday the Sri Narayana Jayanthi and the date of death Sree Narayana Guru Samadhi of Narayana Guru as public holidays 41 In popular media EditThe life of Narayana Guru has been portrayed in a number of movies starting with the 1986 film Sree Narayana Guru 42 made by award winning director P A Backer 43 Swamy Sreenarayana Guru an Indian Malayalam language film directed by Krishnaswamy released the same year Almost a decade and a half later R Sukumaran made a film on the life of Guru titled Yugapurushan 44 in 2010 with Thalaivasal Vijay playing the role of Guru and the film also featured Mammootty and Navya Nair 45 Brahmashri Narayana Guru Swamy is a Tulu film made in 2014 by Rajashekar Kotian on Guru s life and the film was the 50th film made in the language 46 His life during the eight years he spent at Maruthwamala also known as Marunnumamala has been adapted into a docufiction titled Marunnumamala and the film was released by Pinarayi Vijayan the chief minister of Kerala on 9 August 2016 47 a Works EditIn Malayalam Edit Narayana Guru s tomb in Sivagiri Kerala Swanubavageethi Aathmopadesh Shathakam 49 Adwaitha deepika 50 Arivu 51 Narayana Guru 1988 Daivadasakam Trivandrum Narayana Gurukula Narayana Guru Bhaskaran Ti 1981 Sivasatakaṃ in Malayalam Tiruvanantapuram Kōṭṭayaṃ N M Sajee Bhaskaran Vitaraṇaṃ Naṣanal Bukst aḷ OCLC 13027019 Jeevakarunya Panchakam Anukamba Dasakam Jathi Nirnayam Jathi Lakshanam Chijjada Chinthanam Daiva vichinthanam 1 amp 2 Athma Vilasam Narayana Guru Bhaskaran T 1981 Shivasathakam Sajee Bhaskaran Kolatheereshastavam Bhadrakaalyashtakam Gajendra moksham vanchipattu Ottapadyangal Sree Krishnana Darsanam Mangalasamsakal Narayana Guru 1987 Subrahmanya keerthanam Varkala Narayana Gurukula Subramanya Ashtakam Sadasiva Darsanam Samasya Swanubhava Geethi Indrya Vairagyam Narayana Guru 1976 Nyayadarsanam Varkala Narayana Gurukula Narayana Guru 1988 Prapanchasudhidasakam anubhoothidasakam Varkkala Narayana Gurukula Narayana Guru 2003 Kalinatakam 2nd ed Varkkala Narayanagurukulam Narayana Guru Sree 1993 Baahuleyaashtakam Varkala Narayana Gurukulam Narayana Guru 1985 Sree Narayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Kruthikal in Malayalam Calicut Mathrubhumi Narayana Guru Balakr ṣṇan Nayar G 1972 Kuṇdalini paṭṭu in Malayalam Trivandrum Sree Narayana Publishing House OCLC 499830611 Narayana Guru Narayana Prasad Narayana Gurukula 2003 Kaḷinaṭakaṃ Varkkala Narayaṇagurukulaṃ OCLC 58526535 In Sanskrit Edit The first Jnana Vigraham of Narayana Guru Narayana Guru 2004 Darsanamaala Varkkala Narayana Gurukula Narayana Guru 1985 Brahmavidyapanjakam Varkkala Narayana Gurukulam Narayana Guru Sastri Harihara 1998 Darsanamala Nai Dilli Ḍi Ke Priṇṭavarlḍa ISBN 9788124601099 OCLC 671596309 Nirvruthi Panchakam Slokathrayi Vedantha Suthram Homa Manthram Municharya Panchakam Asramam Dharmam Charama Slokangal Homa Mantram Chidambarashtakam Guhashtakam Bhadrakaliashtakam Vinayaka Ashtakam Sree Vasudeva Ashtakam Janani Navaratna Manjari In Tamil Edit Thevarappathinkangal 52 Translations Edit Thirukural Isavasyo Upanishad Ozhivil Odukkam Translations of Guru s works into other languages Edit Narayana Guru Narayana Prasad translator 2007 Garland of visions Darsanamala of Narayana Guru New Delhi D K Printworld ISBN 9788124603918 OCLC 167576536 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Nataraja Guru Narayana Guru 2001 An integrated science of the absolute based on the Darsana mala Garland of visions of Narayana Guru New Delhi D K Printworld ISBN 9788124601846 OCLC 50756278 Narayana Guru Narayana Prasad translator 2009 Shorter philosophical poems of Narayana Guru Brahmavidya pancakam Advaita dipika Aṛivu Homa mantram Daiva dasakam New Delhi D K Printworld ISBN 9788124605158 OCLC 653807175 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru Narayana Prasad translator 1997 The Vedanta sutras of Narayaṇa Guru with an English translation of the original Sanskrit and commentary New Delhi D K Printworld ISBN 9788124600856 OCLC 37282506 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru 1977 Life divine and spiritual values Bangalore Swami Sivananda Spiritual Centre Copies can be had from Satsangha Seva Samithi OCLC 615117867 Narayana Guru Sreenivasan translator K 1994 The song of the self a new translation of atmopadesasatakam one hundred verses of self instruction Thiruva nanthapuram Kerala Jayasree Publications OCLC 222527764 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru Nataraja Guru translator 1969 One hundred verses of self instruction Atmopadesasatakam Varkala Kerala Gurukula Pub House OCLC 695387 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru Atmananda translator Narayana Prasad 2007 Narayaṇasmr tiḥ in Sanskrit New Delhi D K Printworld ISBN 9788124603925 OCLC 733026527 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru Nityacaitanya Yati translator 1982 Vinayakashtakam eight verses in praise of Vinayaka Varkala Narayana Gurukula OCLC 863337667 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last2 has generic name help Narayana Guru 1969 One hundred verses of self instruction OCLC 606239200 See also Edit India portal Literature portal Religion portalAyyathan Gopalan Kallingal Madathil Rarichan Moopan Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi Mithavaadi Krishnan Sree Narayana Trust Temples consecrated by Narayana Guru VagbhatanandaNotes Edit Marunnumamala a docufiction in Malayalam on YouTube 48 References Edit Narayana Guru 1856 1928 LC Name Authority File Library of Congress Retrieved 18 March 2021 Pullapilly Cyriac K 1976 The Izhavas of Kerala and their Historic Struggle for Acceptance in the Hindu Society In Smith Bardwell L ed Religion and social conflict in South Asia International studies in sociology and social anthropology Vol 22 BRILL pp 24 46 ISBN 978 90 04 04510 1 Pillathadam a b c d e f g h Sree Narayana Guru Varkala Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Kerala Tourism Varkala Retrieved 1 March 2021 Younger Paul 2002 Playing host to deity festival religion in the South Indian tradition New York Oxford University Press p 127 ISBN 0 19 514044 3 Staff Reporter 24 December 2012 125 years of Aruvippuram temple The Hindu Retrieved 1 April 2019 125 years of Aruvipuram Pratishta The New Indian Express Retrieved 1 April 2019 Sree Narayana Guru in a new light 13 November 2013 Archived from the original on 13 November 2013 Retrieved 1 April 2019 A Sreedhara Menon 4 March 2011 Kerala History and its Makers DC Books pp 205 ISBN 978 81 264 3782 5 In Kerala temple priest appointments Backward caste Ezhavas overrun Brahmins outlookindia com 17 October 2017 Retrieved 1 April 2019 Chandramohan P April 2016 Developmental Modernity in Kerala Narayana Guru S N D P Yogam and Social Reform Tulika Books ISBN 9789382381792 Retrieved 1 April 2019 SNDP Yogam sndpyogam in Retrieved 1 April 2019 Guru varsham 150 The year of Sree Narayana Guru www rediff com Retrieved 1 April 2019 TKMM College tkmmcollege org 2 April 2019 Retrieved 2 April 2019 These places were a part of Sree Narayana Guru s life OnManorama Retrieved 2 April 2019 Sekher Dr Ajay 6 September 2017 Guru who made Kerala fit to bear god s own label Deccan Chronicle Retrieved 2 April 2019 Extreme injustice led to Vaikom Satyagraha says Romila Thapar The Hindu 22 July 2009 Retrieved 1 April 2019 a b Vaikom A Story of Courage amp The Extraordinary Movement That Changed India The Better India 30 October 2018 Retrieved 1 April 2019 Fenced By The Thread outlookindia com Retrieved 1 April 2019 Mahadevan G 12 November 2011 Temple Entry Proclamation the greatest act of moral freedom Uthradom Tirunal The Hindu Retrieved 1 April 2019 Rediff On The NeT Rajeev Srinivasan www rediff com Retrieved 1 April 2019 Elavumthitta the birthplace of Sivagiri pilgrimage The Hindu 4 January 2013 Retrieved 19 October 2014 atmopadesa satakam 14 August 2013 Archived from the original on 14 August 2013 Retrieved 1 April 2019 Staff Reporter 7 October 2009 Kerala recommends national prayer song to Centre The Hindu Retrieved 1 April 2019 Writings of Sree Narayana Guru www sndp org Retrieved 1 April 2019 a b Diane P Mines Sarah Lamb Sarah E Lamb 2010 Everyday Life in South Asia Indiana University Press pp 209 ISBN 978 0 253 35473 0 R Raman Nair L Sulochana Devi 2010 Chattampi Swami An Intellectual Biography 1 South Indian Studies pp 189 ISBN 978 81 905928 2 6 Bardwell L Smith 1976 Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia BRILL pp 42 ISBN 90 04 04510 4 Staff Reporter 8 March 2016 All religion meet begins at Aluva The Hindu Retrieved 1 April 2019 Das Sisir Kumar 1991 A History of Indian Literature 1911 1956 Sahitya Akademi p 306 ISBN 81 7201 798 7 a b Kusuman K K 1990 A Panorama of Indian Culture Professor A Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume Mittal Publications New Delhi p 44 ISBN 81 7099 214 1 Kunhiraman CV Kerala Media Academy archive keralamediaacademy org 1 April 2019 Retrieved 1 April 2019 Meeting between Narayana Guru and Ramana Maharshi Thannal Hand Sculpted Homes Retrieved 1 April 2019 Bhattacharya Sabyasachi 31 December 2011 The Other Tagore Frontline No Volume 28 Issue 27 Retrieved 9 February 2015 From Vaikom to Venganoor Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 1 April 2019 Stamps 1947 2000 Postage Stamps India Post Retrieved 7 June 2015 All registered stamps issued by Sri Lanka LK032 09 Universal Postal Union Retrieved 12 May 2015 Chapter X A Metal Statue www sreenarayanaguru in Retrieved 2 April 2019 Kerala Temples in Thalassery Jagannath Temple Thalassery keralatemples info Retrieved 2 April 2019 Kaithamukku gets city s tallest statue Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 2 April 2019 Kerala Gazette PDF General Administration Coordination Department Government of Kerala Retrieved 9 February 2015 33rd National Film Awards PDF Directorate of Film Festivals Retrieved 19 October 2014 Sree Narayanaguru 1986 www malayalachalachithram com Retrieved 2 April 2019 Yugapurushan 2010 IMDb Retrieved 19 October 2014 Yugapurushan 2010 www malayalachalachithram com Retrieved 2 April 2019 Now showing 50th Tulu movie The Hindu 3 May 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2015 Marunnumala Docufiction release on Aug 9 Maruthwamala Retrieved 22 September 2016 Red Archers 8 August 2016 Marunnumamala Docufiction in MALAYALAM YouTube Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 2 April 2019 Narayana Guru 1999 Aathmopadesh shathaksm New Delhi D K Printworld Narayana Guru Sree Vimalananda Ed 1985 Adwaitha deepika Thiruvananthapuram S Vijayan a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Narayana Guru 1989 Arivu Varkala Narayana Gurukula R Raman Nair L Sulochana Devi 2010 Chattampi Swami An Intellectual Biography South Indian Studies pp 190 ISBN 978 81 905928 2 6 Further reading Edit Re construction of the Social for Making a Modern Kerala Reflections on Narayana Guru s Social Philosophy Satheese Chandra Bose published in Satheese Chandra Bose and Shiju Sam Varughese eds 2015 Kerala Modernity Ideas Spaces and Practices in Transition Hyderabad Orient Blackswan Sree Narayana Guruswamikalude jeeva charithram Moorkoth Kumaran The official biography as approved by Sivagiri mutt Published by SNDS Trust Sree Narayana Gurudeva Krithikal Sampoorna Vyakyanam G Balakrishnan Nair Works of Sree Narayana Guru with Complete Interpretations ten parts compiled in two volumes published by The State Institute of Languages Kerala Brahmarshi Sree Narayana Guru Dr T Bhaskaran published by Sahitya Akademi The Word of the Guru The Life and Teaching of Guru Narayana Nataraja Guru D K Printworld 2003 New Delhi ISBN 81 246 0241 7 Srinarayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Kruthikal Complete Works of Sri Narayana Guru Mathrubhoomi Publishers Kozhikode Kerala Sri Narayana Guruvinte Mathavum Sivagiriyum Sivagiri and the Religion of Sri Narayana Guru K Maheshwaran Nair Narayanaguru Editor P K Balakrishnan A collection of essays in Malayalam March 2000 First Edition 1954 Kerala Sahitya Academi Trichur Kerala The Philosophy of Narayana Guru Swami Muni Narayana Prasad D K Printworld 2003 New Delhi ISBN 81 246 0236 0 Sree Narayana Gurudev the Maharshi who made Advaita a Science Prof G K Sasidharan Many Worlds Publications Kollam Kerala First Edition 2014 M K Sanu 2017 O V Usha ed Sree Narayana Guru Life and Times Translated by P R Mukundan Open Door Media p 280 ISBN 978 8193219614 Nataraja Guru 2008 The Word of the Guru The Life and Teachings of Guru Narayaṇa D K Printworld ISBN 978 81 246 0241 6 Nityachaitanya Yati 2005 Narayana Guru Indian Council of Philosophical Research ISBN 978 81 85636 89 4 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Narayana Guru Wikimedia Commons has media related to Narayana Guru M K Sanu The Greatness of Values What Guru s life teaches us Mathrubhumi in Malayalam Retrieved 1 April 2019 preface written by the author for the book Sree Narayana Guru Life and Times Narayana Guru at Curlie Works by or about Narayana Guru at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Narayana Guru amp oldid 1130816972, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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