Crataegus laevigata, known as the Midland hawthorn,[2]English hawthorn,[2]woodland hawthorn,[2] or mayflower, is a species of hawthorn native to western and central Europe, from Great Britain (where it is typically found in ancient woodland and old hedgerows[3]) and Spain east to the Czech Republic and Hungary. It is also present in North Africa. The species name is sometimes spelt C. levigata,[4] but the original orthography is C. lævigata.[5][6]
It is a large shrub or small tree growing to 8 m (26 ft) or rarely to 12 m (39 ft) tall, with a dense crown. The leaves are 2–6 cm (0.79–2.4 in) long and 2–5 cm (0.79–2.0 in) broad, with two or three shallow, forward-pointing lobes on each side of the leaf. The hermaphroditeflowers are produced in corymbs of 6 to 12, each flower with five white or pale pink petals and two or sometimes three styles. The flowers are pollinated by insects. The fruit is a dark red pome 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) diameter, slightly broader than long, containing two or three nutlets.
Crataegus laevigata (fruits)
It is distinguished from the closely related common hawthorn, C. monogyna, in the leaves being only shallowly lobed, with forward-pointing lobes, and in the flowers having more than one style. Each style produces a seed, so its fruits also have more than one seed and these make them slightly oval, in contrast with the single-seeded and therefore round fruits of common hawthorn. The two species hybridise, giving rise to C. × media.
Taxonomyedit
In the past, Midland hawthorn was widely but incorrectly known by the name C. oxyacantha, a name that has now been rejected as being of uncertain application. In 1753, Linnaeus introduced the name C. oxyacantha for the single species of which he was aware, but described it in such a way that the name became used for various species, including both the Midland and the common hawthorn. In 1775, Jacquin formally separated the common hawthorn, naming it C. monogyna,[7] and in 1946, Dandy showed that Linnaeus had actually observed a different plant, C. oxyacantha. By this time, though, confusion over the true identity of C. oxyacantha was so great that Byatt proposed[8] that the name should be formally rejected as ambiguous, and this proposal was accepted by the International Botanical Congress,[9] although the name continues to be used informally.
The Midland hawthorn was described botanically as a separate species as long ago as 1798 by Poiret, whose name Mespilus laevigata referred to this hawthorn. Poiret's name is reflected in the revised formal botanical name of Midland hawthorn: Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
'Paul's Scarlet'[11] (double red flowers), 'Punicea'[12] (pink and white) and 'Rosea Flore Pleno'[13] (double pink flowers) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. These cultivars are considered by taxonomists to be derived from hybrids between C. laevigata and C. monogyna, within the named hybrid species C. × media.[10]
Parasitesedit
The hawthorn button-top gall on Midland hawthorn is caused by the dipteran gall-midge Dasineura crataegi.
Referencesedit
^Christensen, K.I. (1992). "Revision of Crataegus sect. Crataegus and nothosect. Crataeguineae (Rosaceae-Maloideae) in the Old World". Systematic Botany Monographs. 35: 1–199. doi:10.2307/25027810. JSTOR 25027810.
^Gutermann, W. (2011). "Notulae nomenclaturales 41-45. (New names in Cruciata, Kali, and some small corrections)". Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae. 51 (1): 95–102.
^Poiret, J.L.M. (1798). "Néflier; Mespilus". In J.B.A.P.d.M. De Lamarck (ed.). Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 4. Paris: H. Agasse. pp. 437–447.
^Christensen, K.I.; Talent, N. (2013). "Crataegus laevigata or C levigata – a Paleographic Analysis". Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae. 52 (2): 195–201.
^Jacquin, N.J. 1775. Florae Austriacae sive Plantarum Selectarum in Austriæ archiducatu: sponte crescentium icones, ad vivum coloratæ, et descriptionibus, ac synonymis illustratæ.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crataegus laevigata.
Flora Europaea: Crataegus
Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, eighth edition, revised. John Murray.
— copyright Mark Brand.
April 12, 2024
crataegus, laevigata, known, midland, hawthorn, english, hawthorn, woodland, hawthorn, mayflower, species, hawthorn, native, western, central, europe, from, great, britain, where, typically, found, ancient, woodland, hedgerows, spain, east, czech, republic, hu. Crataegus laevigata known as the Midland hawthorn 2 English hawthorn 2 woodland hawthorn 2 or mayflower is a species of hawthorn native to western and central Europe from Great Britain where it is typically found in ancient woodland and old hedgerows 3 and Spain east to the Czech Republic and Hungary It is also present in North Africa The species name is sometimes spelt C levigata 4 but the original orthography is C laevigata 5 6 Midland hawthornScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder RosalesFamily RosaceaeGenus CrataegusSection Crataegus sect CrataegusSeries Crataegus ser CrataegusSpecies C laevigataBinomial nameCrataegus laevigata Poir DC Synonyms 1 C oxyacanthoides Thuil Mespilus laevigata Poir Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Cultivars 4 Parasites 5 References 6 Further readingDescription editIt is a large shrub or small tree growing to 8 m 26 ft or rarely to 12 m 39 ft tall with a dense crown The leaves are 2 6 cm 0 79 2 4 in long and 2 5 cm 0 79 2 0 in broad with two or three shallow forward pointing lobes on each side of the leaf The hermaphrodite flowers are produced in corymbs of 6 to 12 each flower with five white or pale pink petals and two or sometimes three styles The flowers are pollinated by insects The fruit is a dark red pome 6 10 mm 0 2 0 4 in diameter slightly broader than long containing two or three nutlets nbsp Crataegus laevigata fruits It is distinguished from the closely related common hawthorn C monogyna in the leaves being only shallowly lobed with forward pointing lobes and in the flowers having more than one style Each style produces a seed so its fruits also have more than one seed and these make them slightly oval in contrast with the single seeded and therefore round fruits of common hawthorn The two species hybridise giving rise to C media Taxonomy editIn the past Midland hawthorn was widely but incorrectly known by the name C oxyacantha a name that has now been rejected as being of uncertain application In 1753 Linnaeus introduced the name C oxyacantha for the single species of which he was aware but described it in such a way that the name became used for various species including both the Midland and the common hawthorn In 1775 Jacquin formally separated the common hawthorn naming it C monogyna 7 and in 1946 Dandy showed that Linnaeus had actually observed a different plant C oxyacantha By this time though confusion over the true identity of C oxyacantha was so great that Byatt proposed 8 that the name should be formally rejected as ambiguous and this proposal was accepted by the International Botanical Congress 9 although the name continues to be used informally The Midland hawthorn was described botanically as a separate species as long ago as 1798 by Poiret whose name Mespilus laevigata referred to this hawthorn Poiret s name is reflected in the revised formal botanical name of Midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Poir DC Cultivars edit Francois Rigaud has yellow fruit 10 Paul s Scarlet 11 double red flowers Punicea 12 pink and white and Rosea Flore Pleno 13 double pink flowers have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit These cultivars are considered by taxonomists to be derived from hybrids between C laevigata and C monogyna within the named hybrid species C media 10 Parasites editThe hawthorn button top gall on Midland hawthorn is caused by the dipteran gall midge Dasineura crataegi References edit Christensen K I 1992 Revision of Crataegus sect Crataegus and nothosect Crataeguineae Rosaceae Maloideae in the Old World Systematic Botany Monographs 35 1 199 doi 10 2307 25027810 JSTOR 25027810 a b c Crataegus laevigata Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 1 January 2018 Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora Crataegus laevigata Gutermann W 2011 Notulae nomenclaturales 41 45 New names in Cruciata Kali and some small corrections Phyton Annales Rei Botanicae 51 1 95 102 Poiret J L M 1798 Neflier Mespilus In J B A P d M De Lamarck ed Encyclopedie Methodique Botanique Vol 4 Paris H Agasse pp 437 447 Christensen K I Talent N 2013 Crataegus laevigata or C levigata a Paleographic Analysis Phyton Annales Rei Botanicae 52 2 195 201 Jacquin N J 1775 Florae Austriacae sive Plantarum Selectarum in Austriae archiducatu sponte crescentium icones ad vivum coloratae et descriptionibus ac synonymis illustratae Byatt J 1974 Bot J Linn Soc 69 15 20 Brummitt R K 1986 Taxon 35 556 563 a b Phipps J B O Kennon R J Lance R W 2003 Hawthorns and medlars Royal Horticultural Society Cambridge U K RHS Plant Selector Crataegus laevigata Paul s Scarlet Retrieved 15 April 2020 Crataegus laevigata Punicea RHS Retrieved 5 May 2020 RHS Plant Selector Crataegus laevigata Rosea Flore Pleno Retrieved 20 July 2013 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crataegus laevigata Flora Europaea Crataegus Bean W J 1976 Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles eighth edition revised John Murray UCConn Plant Database copyright Mark Brand Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crataegus laevigata amp oldid 1195312704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
