fbpx
Wikipedia

Microchip implant (human)

May 04, 2023

A human microchip implant is any electronic device implanted subcutaneously (subdermally) usually via an injection. Examples include an identifying integrated circuit RFID device encased in silicate glass which is implanted in the body of a human being. This type of subdermal implant usually contains a unique ID number that can be linked to information contained in an external database, such as identity document, criminal record, medical history, medications, address book, and other potential uses.

History

  • 1998: The first experiments with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) implant were carried out in 1998 by the British scientist Kevin Warwick.[1][2][3][4][5] His implant was used to open doors, switch on lights, and cause verbal output within a building. After nine days the implant was removed and has since been held in the Science Museum in London.[6]
  • March 18, 2004: Nokia, Philips (now under NXP Semiconductors) and Sony established the NFC Forum, a non-profit industry formed to advance the use of NFC wireless interaction in consumer electronics, mobile devices and PCs. Standards include the four distinct tag types that provide different communication speeds and capabilities covering flexibility, memory, security, data retention and write endurance. NFC Forum promotes implementation and standardization of NFC technology to ensure interoperability between devices and services.[7]
  • 2018: VivoKey Technologies[8] developed the first cryptographically secure human implantable NFC transponders in 2018. The Spark is an AES128 bit capable ISO/IEC 15693 2mm by 12mm bioglass encased injectable device. The Flex One is an implantable contactless secure element, capable of running Java Card applets (software programs) including Bitcoin wallets, PGP, OATH OTP, U2F, WebAuthn, etc. It is encapsulated in a flat, flexible 7mm x 34mm x 0.4mm flat biopolymer shell. Applets can be deployed to the Flex One before or after implantation.
  • 2019: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded MIT to develop an invisible microneedle patch to store medical information under the skin with a dye.[9]
  • 28 August 2020: Neuralink CEO Elon Musk, held a broadcast showcasing a pig with a coin-sized computer chip in her brain to demonstrate the company's plans to create a working brain-to-machine interface for humans.[10]
  • 2021: Dsruptive Subdermals tested a COVID-19 vaccine passport in their bioglass-coated NFC microchip designed to be implanted in the subcutaneous tissue.[11][12] It has been demonstrated by its managing director Hannes Sjöblad who wears the chip in his arm, but it is not yet for sale.[13]

Chipped individuals

 
A surgeon implants British scientist Dr Mark Gasson in his left hand with an RFID microchip (March 16, 2009)

Several hobbyists, through to scientists and business personalities have placed RFID microchip implants into their hands or had them inserted by others.

  • 2005, Amal Graafstra: In early March 2005 hobbyist Amal Graafstra[14] implanted a 125 kHz EM4102 bioglass-encased RFID transponder into his left hand. It was used with an access control system to gain entry to his office. Soon after in June 2005 he implanted a more advanced HITAG S 2048 low frequency transponder. In 2006 he authored the book RFID Toys,[15] Graafstra uses his implants to access his home, open car doors, and to log on to his computer. With public interest growing, in 2013 he launched biohacking company Dangerous Things[16] and crowdfunded the world's first implantable NFC transponder in 2014.[17] He has also spoken at various events and promotional gigs[18] including TEDx,[19] and built a smartgun that only fires after reading his implant.[20]
  • 2006, Mikey Sklar: Mikey Sklar had a chip implanted into his left hand and filmed the procedure.[21]
  • 2009, Mark Gasson: On 16 March 2009 British scientist Mark Gasson had a glass capsule RFID device surgically implanted into his left hand. In April 2010 Gasson's team demonstrated how a computer virus could wirelessly infect his implant and then be transmitted on to other systems.[22]
  • 2013, Tim Cannon: In October 2013, Cannon became the first person to be implanted with the Grindhouse-designed biometric sensor known as Circadia, a procedure which was performed by body modification artist Steve Haworth in Essen, Germany.[23][24][25]
  • 2014, Martijn Wismeijer: Dutch marketing manager for Bitcoin ATM manufacturer General Bytes, placed RFID chips in both of his hands to store his Bitcoin private keys and business card.[26]
  • 2014, Nikolas Badminton: In June 2014, during the From Now Conference[27] in Vancouver, Canada, event organizer and futurist Nikolas Badminton had an xNT chip implanted into his left hand on stage by noted biohacker Amal Graafstra.[28]
  • 2015, Jonathan Oxer: Self-implanted an RFID chip in his arm using a veterinary implantation tool.[29]
  • 2015, Patric Lanhed: sent a “bio-payment” of one euro worth of Bitcoin using a chip embedded in his hand.[30]
  • 2016, Hannes Sjöblad: Biohacker Hannes Sjöblad has been experimenting with near field communication (NFC) chip implants since 2015. During his talk at Echappée Voléé 2016 in Paris, Sjöblad disclosed that he has also implanted himself with a chip between his forefinger and thumb and uses it to unlock doors, make payments, unlock his phone, and essentially replacing anything that is put in one's pockets.[31] Additionally, Sjöblad has hosted several "implant parties," where interested individuals can also be implanted with the chip.[32] In October 2021, Sjöblad appeared in a video interview with Aftonbladet where he demonstrated how he receives a QR code when he scans a microchip implant in his arm that contains his EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC).[33][34]
  • Marcel Varallo had an NXP chip coated in Bioglass 8625 inserted into his hand between his forefinger and thumb allowing him to open secure elevators and doors at work, print from secure printers, unlock his mobile phone and home, and store his digital business card for transfer to mobile phones enabled for NFC.[35]
  • 2021, Shain Lakin: In late September 2021 during the Security BSides Perth 2021 Conference, Hacker Shain Lakin demonstrated using an NXP Semiconductors chip inserted into his hand to remotely trigger ignition of a thermite charge in order to destroy a Solid-state drive (SSD) inside a Personal Computer.[36][37]

Types of implants

Usage

For Microchip implants that are encapsulated in silicate glass there exists multiple methods to embed the device subcutaneously ranging from placing the microchip implant in a syringe or trocar[39] and piercing under the flesh (subdermal) then releasing the syringe to using a cutting tool such as a surgical scalpel to cut open subdermal and positioning the implant in the open wound.

A list of popular uses for microchip implants are as follows;

Other uses either cosmetic or medical may also include;

Digital identity

RFID implants using NFC technologies have been used as access cards ranging for car door entry to building access.[41] Secure identity has also been used to encapsulate or impersonate a users identity via secure element or related technologies.

Medical records

Researchers have examined microchip implants in humans in the medical field and they indicate that there are potential benefits and risks to incorporating the device in the medical field. For example, it could be beneficial for noncompliant patients but still poses great risks for potential misuse of the device.[45]

Destron Fearing, a subsidiary of Digital Angel, initially developed the technology for the VeriChip.[46]

In 2004, the VeriChip implanted device and reader were classified as Class II: General controls with special controls by the FDA;[47] that year the FDA also published a draft guidance describing the special controls required to market such devices.[48]

About the size of a grain of rice, the device was typically implanted between the shoulder and elbow area of an individual's right arm. Once scanned at the proper frequency, the chip responded with a unique 16-digit number which could be then linked with information about the user held on a database for identity verification, medical records access and other uses. The insertion procedure was performed under local anesthetic in a physician's office.[49][50]

Privacy advocates raised concerns regarding potential abuse of the chip, with some warning that adoption by governments as a compulsory identification program could lead to erosion of civil liberties, as well as identity theft if the device should be hacked.[50][51][52] Another ethical dilemma posed by the technology, is that people with dementia could possibly benefit the most from an implanted device that contained their medical records, but issues of informed consent are the most difficult in precisely such people.[53][54]

In June 2007, the American Medical Association declared that "implantable radio frequency identification (RFID) devices may help to identify patients, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of patient care, and may be used to enable secure access to patient clinical information",[55] but in the same year, news reports linking similar devices to cancer caused in laboratory animals had a devastating impact on the company's stock price and sales.[56]

In 2010, the company, by then called PositiveID, withdrew the product from the market due to poor sales.[57]

In January 2012, PositiveID sold the chip assets to a company called VeriTeQ that was owned by Scott Silverman, the former CEO of Positive ID.[58]

In 2016, JAMM Technologies acquired the chip assets from VeriTeQ; JAMM's business plan was to partner with companies selling implanted medical devices and use the RFID tags to monitor and identify the devices.[59] JAMM Technologies is co-located in the same Plymouth, Minnesota building as Geissler Corporation with Randolph K. Geissler and Donald R. Brattain[60][61] listed as its principals. The website also claims that Geissler was CEO of PositiveID Corporation, Destron Fearing Corporation, and Digital Angel Corporation.[62]

In 2018, A Danish firm called BiChip released a new generation of microchip implant[63] that is intended to be readable from a distance and connected to Internet. The company released an update for its microchip implant to associate it with the Ripple cryptocurrency to allow payments to be made using the implanted microchip.[64]

Patients that undergo NFC implants do so for a variety of reasons ranging from, Biomedical diagnostics, health reasons to gaining new senses,[65] gain biological enhancement, to be part of existing growing movements, for workplace purposes, security, hobbyists and for scientific endeavour.[66]

In 2020, A London-based firm called Impli released a microchip implant that is intended to be used with an accompanying smartphone app. The primary functionality of the implant is as a storage of medical records. The implant can be scanned by any smartphone that has NFC capabilities.[67]

Building access and security

In February 2006, CityWatcher, Inc. of Cincinnati, OH became the first company in the world to implant microchips into their employees as part of their building access control and security system. The workers needed the implants to access the company's secure video tape room, as documented in USA Today.[68] The project was initiated and implemented by Six Sigma Security, Inc. The VeriChip Corporation had originally marketed the implant as a way to restrict access to secure facilities such as power plants.

A major drawback for such systems is the relative ease with which the 16-digit ID number contained in a chip implant can be obtained and cloned using a hand-held device, a problem that has been demonstrated publicly by security researcher Jonathan Westhues[69] and documented in the May 2006 issue of Wired magazine,[70] among other places.

  • The Baja Beach Club, a nightclub in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, once used VeriChip implants for identifying VIP guests.[71]
  • The Epicenter in Stockholm, Sweden is using RFID implants for employees to operate security doors, copiers, and pay for lunch.[72]

Proposed uses

In 2017, Mike Miller, chief executive of the World Olympians Association, was widely reported as suggesting the use of such implants in athletes in an attempt to reduce problems in sports due to recreational drug use.[73]

Theoretically, a GPS-enabled chip could one day make it possible for individuals to be physically located by latitude, longitude, altitude, and velocity.[citation needed] Such implantable GPS devices are not technically feasible at this time. However, if widely deployed at some future point, implantable GPS devices could conceivably allow authorities to locate missing people, fugitives, or those who fled a crime scene. Critics contend that the technology could lead to political repression as governments could use implants to track and persecute human rights activists, labor activists, civil dissidents, and political opponents; criminals and domestic abusers could use them to stalk, harass, and/or abduct their victims.

Some have theorized[who?] that governments could use implants for:

Criticisms and concerns

Infection

Infection has been cited as a source of failure within RFID and related microchip implanted individuals, either due to improper implantation techniques, implant rejections or corrosion of implant elements.[74]

MRIs

 
An X-ray of a biohacker's hand showing several implants.

Some chipped individuals have reported being turned away from MRIs due to the presence of magnets in their body.[75] No conclusive investigation has been done on the risks of each type of implant near MRIs, other than anecdotal reports ranging from no problems, requiring hand shielding before proximity, to being denied the MRI.[failed verification – see discussion]

Other medical imaging technologies like X-ray and CT scanners do not pose a similar risk. Rather, X-rays can be used to locate implants.

Corrosion

Electronics-based implants contain little material that can corrode. Magnetic implants, however, often contain a substantial amount of metallic elements by volume, and iron, a common implant element, is easily corroded by common elements such as oxygen and water. Implant corrosion occurs when these elements become trapped inside during the encapsulation process, which can cause slow corrosive effect, or the encapsulation fails and allows corrosive elements to come into contact with the magnet. Catastrophic encapsulation failures are usually obvious, resulting in tenderness, discoloration of the skin, and a slight inflammatory response. Small failures however can take much longer to become obvious, resulting in a slow degradation of field strength without many external signs that something is slowly going wrong with the magnet.[76]

Cancer risks

In a self-published report,[77] anti-RFID advocate Katherine Albrecht, who refers to RFID devices as "spy chips", cites veterinary and toxicological studies carried out from 1996 to 2006 which found lab rodents injected with microchips as an incidental part of unrelated experiments and dogs implanted with identification microchips sometimes developed cancerous tumors at the injection site (subcutaneous sarcomas) as evidence of a human implantation risk.[78] However, the link between foreign-body tumorigenesis in lab animals and implantation in humans has been publicly refuted as erroneous and misleading[79] and the report's author has been criticized[by whom?] over the use of "provocative" language "not based in scientific fact".[80] Notably, none of the studies cited specifically set out to investigate the cancer risk of implanted microchips and so none of the studies had a control group of animals that did not get implanted. While the issue is considered worthy of further investigation, one of the studies cited cautioned "Blind leaps from the detection of tumors to the prediction of human health risk should be avoided".[81][82][83]

Stolen identity, privacy, security risks

The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) of the American Medical Association published a report in 2007 alleging that RFID implanted chips may compromise privacy because even though no information can be stored in an RFID transponder, they allege that there is no assurance that the information contained in the chip can be properly protected.[][84]

Stolen identity and privacy has been a major concern with Microchip implants being cloned for various nefarious reasons in a process known as Wireless identity theft. Incidents of forced removal of animal implants have been documented,[85] the concern lies in whether this same practice will be used to attack implanted microchipped patients also. Due to low adoption of microchip implants incidents of these physical attacks are rare. Nefarious RFID reprogramming of unprotected or unencrypted microchip tags are also a major security risk consideration.

Risk to human freedom and autonomy

There is concern that this technology can be abused.[86] Opponents have stated that such invasive technology has the potential to be used by governments to create an 'Orwellian' digital dystopia and theorized that in such a world, self-determination, the ability to think freely, and all personal autonomy could be completely lost.[87][88][89]

Ableism

In 2019, Elon Musk announced that a company he had founded which deals with microchip implant research, called Neuralink, would be able to "solve" autism and other "brain diseases".[90] This led to a number of critics calling out Musk for his statements, with Dan Robitzski of Neoscope saying, "while schizophrenia can be a debilitating mental condition, autism is more tightly linked to a sense of identity — and listing it as a disease to be solved as Musk did risks further stigmatizing a community pushing for better treatment and representation."[91] Hilary Brueck of Insider agreed, saying, "conditions like autism can't be neatly cataloged as things to "solve." Instead, they lead people to think differently". She went on to argue though that the technology shouldn't be discounted entirely, as it could potentially help people with a variety of disabilities such as blindness and quadriplegia.[92] Fellow Insider writer Isobel Asher Hamilton added, "it was not clear what Musk meant by saying Neuralink could "solve" autism, which is not a disease but a developmental disorder." She then cited The UK's National Autistic Society's website statement, which says, "Autism is not an illness or disease and cannot be 'cured.' Often people feel being autistic is a fundamental aspect of their identity."[93] Tristan Greene of The Next Web stated, in response to Musk, "there’s only one problem: autism isn’t a disease and it can’t be cured or solved. In fact, there’s some ethical debate in the medical community over whether autism, which is considered a disorder, should be treated as part of a person’s identity and not a ‘condition’ to be fixed... how freaking cool would it be to actually start your Tesla [electric vehicle] just by thinking? But, maybe... just maybe, the billionaire with access to the world's brightest medical minds who, even after founding a medical startup, still incorrectly thinks that autism is a disease that can be solved or cured shouldn't be someone we trust to shove wires or chips into our brains."[94]

Some autistic people also spoke out against Musk's statement about using microchips to "solve" autism, with Nera Birch of The Mighty, an openly autistic writer, stating, "autism is a huge part of who I am. It pervades every aspect of my life. Sure, there are days where being neurotypical would make everything so much easier. But I wouldn’t trade my autism for the world. I have the unique ability to view the world and experience senses in a way that makes all the negatives of autism worth it. The fact you think I would want to be “cured” is like saying I would rather be nothing than be myself. People with neurodiversity are proud of ourselves. For many of us, we wear our autism as a badge of pride. We have a culture within ourselves. It is not something that needs to be erased. The person with autism is not the problem. Neurotypical people need to stop molding us into something they want to interact with."[95] Florence Grant, an openly autistic writer for The Independent, stated, "autistic people often have highly-focused interests, also known as special interests. I love my ability to hyperfocus and how passionate I get about things. I also notice small details and things that other people don’t see. I see the world differently, through a clear lens, and this means I can identify solutions where other people can’t. Does this sound familiar, Elon? My autism is a part of me, and it’s not something that can be separated from me. I should be able to exist freely autistic and proud. But for that to happen, the world needs to stop punishing difference and start embracing it." Grant noted that Musk himself had recently admitted that he had been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, a higher-functioning form of autism, while hosting Saturday Night Live.[96]

Musk himself has not specified how Neuralink's microchip technology would "solve" autism, and has not commented publicly on the feedback from autistic people.

Misinformation

Despite a lack of evidence demonstrating invasive use or even technical capability of microchip implants, they have been the subject of many conspiracy theories.

A 2021 study by YouGov says that 20% of Americans believe that microchips are inside the COVID-19 vaccines.[97][98] A 2021 Facebook post by RT (Russia Today) with nearly 4,000 shares claimed DARPA had developed a COVID-19 detecting microchip implant. However, the article now reads that it “was updated to reflect that DARPA created a sensor and not a microchip, as previously stated.”[99][100][101]

Legislation

A few jurisdictions have researched or preemptively passed laws regarding human implantation of microchips.

United States

In the United States, many states such as Wisconsin (as of 2006), North Dakota (2007), California (2007), Oklahoma (2008), and Georgia (2010) have laws making it illegal to force a person to have a microchip implanted, though politicians acknowledge they are unaware of cases of such forced implantation.[102][103][104][105] In 2010, Virginia passed a bill forbidding companies from forcing employees to be implanted with tracking devices.[106]

In 2010, Washington's House of Representatives introduced a bill ordering the study of potential monitoring of sex offenders with implanted RFID or similar technology, but it did not pass.[107]

Views

The general public are most familiar with microchips in the context of identifying pets.

In popular culture

Implanted individuals are considered to be grouped together as part of the transhumanism movement.

"Arkangel", an episode of the drama series Black Mirror, considered the potential for helicopter parenting of an imagined more advanced microchip.

Microchip implants have been explored in Cyberpunk media such as Ghost in the Shell, Cyberpunk 2077, and Deus Ex.

Religious beliefs

Further information: New World Order (conspiracy theory) and Apocalypticism

Some Christians make a link between implants and the Biblical Mark of the Beast,[108][109] prophesied to be a future requirement for buying and selling, and a key element of the Book of Revelation.[110][111] Gary Wohlscheid, president of These Last Days Ministries, has argued that "Out of all the technologies with potential to be the mark of the beast, VeriChip has got the best possibility right now".[112]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Is human chip implant wave of the future?". CNN. January 13, 1999. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  2. ^ "Professor has world's first silicon chip implant". independent.co.uk. 26 August 1998. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14.
  3. ^ "Professor Cyborg". Wired. 1998-08-25.
  4. ^ "BBC News - Sci/Tech - Technology gets under the skin". news.bbc.co.uk.
  5. ^ Sanchez-Klein, Jana. "CNN - Cyberfuturist plants chip in arm to test human-computer interaction - August 28, 1998". edition.cnn.com.
  6. ^ "National Museum of Science & Industry Annual Report" (PDF). Science Museum Group.
  7. ^ Hamblen, Matt (2012-12-19). "A short history of NFC". Computerworld. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  8. ^ "VivoKey.com". VivoKey Technologies Inc.
  9. ^ a b c Weintraub, Karen. "Invisible Ink Could Reveal whether Kids Have Been Vaccinated". Scientific American.
  10. ^ a b "Elon Musk unveils pig with chip in its brain". BBC News. 2020-08-29. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  11. ^ "DSruptive – Implantable chip implants". Dsruptive Subdermals.
  12. ^ Aitken, Peter (23 December 2021). "Swedish COVID vaccine pass microchip maker addresses privacy concerns". FOXBusiness.
  13. ^ a b "The Covid-19 passport microchip". South China Morning Post.
  14. ^ "Amal Graafstra - Technologist, Author & Double RFID Implantee". amal.net. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  15. ^ "RFID Toys Forum". Dangerous Things Forum. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  16. ^ "Dangerous Things". Dangerous Things. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  17. ^ "The xNT implantable NFC chip". Indiegogo. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  18. ^ bpg (2017-03-09), PRMT | Ghost In the Shell, retrieved 2017-05-26
  19. ^ TEDx Talks (2013-10-17), Biohacking - the forefront of a new kind of human evolution: Amal Graafstra at TEDxSFU, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, retrieved 2017-05-26
  20. ^ Motherboard (2017-03-23), Who Killed the Smart Gun?, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, retrieved 2017-05-26
  21. ^ The Good Life Lab (2006-05-12), RFID Implant - Fox News - Mikey Sklar, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, retrieved 2019-07-24
  22. ^ Gasson, M. N. (2010). "Human Enhancement: Could you become infected with a computer virus?" (PDF). 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society. pp. 61–68. doi:10.1109/ISTAS.2010.5514651. ISBN 978-1-4244-7777-7. S2CID 3098538.
  23. ^ Lallanilla, Marc (November 1, 2013). "'Biohacker' Implants Chip in Arm". Live Science. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  24. ^ "Cyborg People Who Implanted Tech - Business Insider". Businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  25. ^ "The brave new world of biohacking | Al Jazeera America". America.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  26. ^ Clark, Liat (November 11, 2014). "Hand-implanted NFC chips open this man's bitcoin wallet". Wired UK. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  27. ^ Gray, John (2014-06-10). "I Watched A guy Get a Chip Implanted in his Hand and It Was Pretty Cool". Vice. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
  28. ^ Futurist Nikolas Badminton gets implanted with a microchip, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, retrieved 2020-05-18
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
  30. ^ Pearson, Jordan (October 30, 2015). "This Guy Implanted His Bitcoin Wallet and Made a Payment With His Hand". Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  31. ^ "Au pays des espèces en voie de disparition". lesechos.fr. 2016-02-19. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  32. ^ Wakefield, Jane (2014-12-10). "The rise of the Swedish cyborgs - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  33. ^ "Få covidbeviset under huden - går att få som ett chip - Aftonbladet TV" (in Swedish).
  34. ^ "Facing COVID passport mandate, more Swedes get microchip implants". www.aa.com.tr.
  35. ^ "Heraldsun.com.au - Subscribe to the Herald Sun for exclusive stories". www.heraldsun.com.au.
  36. ^ "BSides Tallinn's Best Of BSides 2021: BSides Perth 2021- Shain Lakin's 'Offensive RFID/NFC' - Security Boulevard". www.securityboulevard.com. 13 December 2021.
  37. ^ "Hacking with an NFC Implant - Offensive Bio Implants". www.x90x90.net. 19 September 2022.
  38. ^ "Chip in tooth - scientists point way to new identity tag". the Guardian. 28 February 2006.
  39. ^ Milad, Magdy; Tu, Frank; Epstein, Lee; Bradley, Linda D. (2007). "Endoscopic Approaches to Gynecologic Disease". General Gynecology. pp. 755–784. doi:10.1016/B978-032303247-6.10030-9. ISBN 978-0-323-03247-6.
  40. ^ Umoh, Ruth (2018-04-13). "Why this guy paid $75 to store bitcoin under his skin". CNBC. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  41. ^ a b Shaik, Idrish; Chilukuri; Tejaswi (2018-03-03). "Door Access Security System Using NFC Technology" (PDF). International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 5: 320–324.
  42. ^ "This Guy Just Implanted a Payments Chip in His Hand, Literally [VIDEO]". bankinnovation.net. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  43. ^ "Implantable credit card RFID chips: convenient, but creepy". CreditCards.com. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  44. ^ "Bio-hacker who implanted Opal Card into hand fined for not using valid ticket". www.abc.net.au. 2018-03-16. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  45. ^ Eltorai, Adam E. M.; Fox, Henry; McGurrin, Emily; Guang, Stephanie (2016). "Microchips in Medicine: Current and Future Applications". BioMed Research International. 2016: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2016/1743472. PMC 4914739. PMID 27376079.
  46. ^ Smith, Richard M. “Tough Sell Ahead for the VeriChip Implant ID System.” October 25, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Computer Bytes Man. 27 Dec. 2001. 16 Oct. 2007
  47. ^ "KO33440: Designation of VeriChip as Class II with special controls" (PDF). FDA. October 12, 2004.
  48. ^ "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Implantable Radiofrequency Transponder System for Patient Identification and Health Information" (PDF). FDA. December 10, 2004.
  49. ^ . Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  50. ^ a b Halamka, J; Juels, A; Stubblefield, A; Westhues, J (2006). "The security implications of VeriChip cloning". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 13 (6): 601–7. doi:10.1197/jamia.M2143. PMC 1656959. PMID 16929037.
  51. ^ "Human-implantable RFID chips: Some ethical and privacy concerns". Healthcare IT News. 30 July 2007.
  52. ^ Westra, BL (March 2009). "Radio frequency identification". The American Journal of Nursing. 109 (3): 34–6. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000346925.67498.a4. PMID 19240491.
  53. ^ Mordini, E; Ottolini, C (2007). "Body identification, biometrics and medicine: ethical and social considerations" (PDF). Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità. 43 (1): 51–60. PMID 17536154.
  54. ^ "Human microchips are here and will change the way we live - Science Fiction is Real". 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
  55. ^ "American Medical Association CEJA Report 5-A-07".
  56. ^ Lewan, Todd (September 8, 2007). "Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumours". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
  57. ^ Edwards, Jim. . bNET. July 15, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2017
  58. ^ "VeriTeQ Acquisition Corporation Acquires Implantable, FDA-Cleared VeriChip Technology and Health Link Personal Health Record from PositiveID Corporation". VeriTeQ via BusinessWire. January 17, 2012.
  59. ^ Geissler, Randy (April 4, 2016). "JAMM Technologies Acquires the Veriteq RFID Technology Platform and Enters into Supply Agreement with Establishment Labs". JAMM via PRWeb.
  60. ^ "Don Brattain, OSU SPEARS SCHOOL TRIBUTES: 100 FOR 100". Oklahoma State University. November 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  61. ^ "Tyler Technologies, Inc., Tyler Investor Community, Directors, Donald R. Brattain, Independent Director". Tyler Technologies, Inc. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  62. ^ "Geissler Corporation - Management". Geissler Corporation. 24 July 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  63. ^ Denmark, BEZH (2019). "Bichip Patent in Denmark". dkpto.
  64. ^ Hamill, Jasper (January 2018). "Would you store Ripple and Bitcoin in microchip?". Metro.
  65. ^ Robertson, Adi (2017-07-21). "I hacked my body for a future that never came". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  66. ^ Gillan, Fraser (2019-10-06). "The transhumanists 'upgrading' their bodies". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  67. ^ "Impli is announcing the release of ImpliCaspian; your identifier. – Impli". 4 December 2019.
  68. ^ Lewan, Todd. USA Today. July 2007. "Microchips in humans spark privacy debate.".
  69. ^ Westhues, Jonathan. "Demo: Cloning a VeriChip." Demo: Cloning a VeriChip.
  70. ^ Newitz, Annalee (May 2006). "The RFID Hacking Underground". Wired. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
  71. ^ http://www.baja.nl/vipform.aspx 2009-12-24 at the Wayback Machine
  72. ^ Mearian, Lucas (February 6, 2015). "Office complex implants RFID chips in employees' hands". Computerworld. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  73. ^ "Will microchips be used in athletes to prevent doping?".
  74. ^ Schiffmann, Alain; Clauss, Martin; Honigmann, Philipp (2020). "Biohackers and Self-Made Problems: Infection of an Implanted RFID/NFC Chip: A Case Report". JBJS Case Connector. 10 (2): e0399. doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.19.00399. PMID 32649126. S2CID 219881074.
  75. ^ Robertson, Adi (2017-07-21). "I hacked my body for a future that never came". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  76. ^ Eliaz, Noam (2019-01-28). "Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials: A Review". Materials. 12 (3): 407. Bibcode:2019Mate...12..407E. doi:10.3390/ma12030407. PMC 6384782. PMID 30696087.
  77. ^ http://www.antichips.com/cancer/ 2007-12-23 at the Wayback Machine Microchip-Induced Tumors in Laboratory Rodents and Dogs: A Review of the Literature 1990–2006
  78. ^ Lewan, Todd (September 8, 2007), "Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumours", The Washington Post, retrieved 2010-06-08
  79. ^ RFID Journal (12 September 2007). "VeriChip Defends the Safety of Implanted RFID Tags". rfidjournal.com. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  80. ^ uownow (2011-03-23), IEEE ISTAS 2010 @ UOW - Dr Katherine Albrecht, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, retrieved 2019-07-24
  81. ^ Blanchard, K. T.; Barthel, C.; French, J. E.; Holden, H. E.; Moretz, R.; Pack, F. D.; Tennant, R. W.; Stoll, R. E. (1999). "Transponder-Induced Sarcoma in the Heterozygous p53+/- Mouse". Toxicologic Pathology. 27 (5): 519–27. doi:10.1177/019262339902700505. PMID 10528631.
  82. ^ . washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25.
  83. ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-06-15. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
  84. ^ CEJA of the American Medical Association, CEJA Report 5-A-07, Radio Frequency ID Devices in Humans, presented by Robert M. Sade, MD, Chair. 2007
  85. ^ "Dognappers hacked microchip out of dog and stole her puppies". Metro. 2020-07-19. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  86. ^ The Guardian, [1], Remote-controlled contraceptive microchip could launch. 2014
  87. ^ HuffPost, [2], Towards The Orwellian Era of a Microchipped Workforce. 2017
  88. ^ The Times, [3], Microchipping workers takes us back to 1984. 2018
  89. ^ IOT News, [4], Could microchip implants presage George Orwell's chilling novel '1984'?. 2014
  90. ^ Gilmer, Marcus (14 November 2019). "Elon Musk's comments on autism prove he should not podcast". mashable.com. Mashable. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  91. ^ Robitzski, Dan. "Elon Musk Claims Neuralink Can "Solve" Autism, Schizophrenia: He incorrectly suggested that autism is a brain disease". futurism.com. Neoscope. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  92. ^ Brueck, Hilary. "Elon Musk said his brain chips might 'solve' autism and schizophrenia. A neuroscientist who implants brain chips has doubts". www.insider.com. Insider. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  93. ^ Hamilton, Isobel Asher. "Elon Musk said his AI-brain-chips company could 'solve' autism and schizophrenia". www.businessinsider.com. Insider. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  94. ^ Greene, Tristan (14 November 2019). "Elon Musk says Neuralink can 'solve' autism with a brain chip. We call BS". thenextweb.com. The Next Web. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  95. ^ Birch, Nera. "Dear Elon Musk: I Don't Need a Brain Chip to 'Solve' My Autism". themighty.com. The Mighty. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  96. ^ Grant, Florence (17 May 2021). "No, Elon Musk, autism does not need 'solving' – we'd much rather be accepted as we are". www.independent.co.uk. Independent. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  97. ^ (PDF) https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/w2zmwpzsq0/econTabReport.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  98. ^ Dawson, Bethany. "20% of Americans believe the conspiracy theory that microchips are inside the COVID-19 vaccines, says YouGov study". Insider.
  99. ^ Facebook https://www.facebook.com/RTnews/photos/a.10150144237704411/10160031648324411/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  100. ^ Vercellone, Chiara. "Fact Check: Military-funded sensor can help detect COVID-19, but it's not a microchip". USA TODAY.
  101. ^ "Military programs aiming to end pandemics forever". www.cbsnews.com.
  102. ^ Songini, Marc L. (2006-06-12). "Wisconsin law bars forced RFID implants". Network World. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  103. ^ "California Bans Forced RFID Tagging of Humans". GovTech. 2010-07-27. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  104. ^ Tim Talley. "Bill bans involuntary microchip implants". 2008.
  105. ^ "Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Privacy Laws". 2015.
  106. ^ "Virginia delegates pass bill banning chip implants as 'mark of the beast' - Raw Story - Celebrating 18 Years of Independent Journalism". www.rawstory.com. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  107. ^ HB 1142-2009-10 to study requiring the use of implanted RFID in certain felons.
  108. ^ Streitfield, David (9 May 2002). "First Humans to Receive ID Chips; Technology: Device injected under the skin will provide identification and medical information". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
  109. ^ Gilbert, Alorie (16 February 2005). "Is RFID the mark of the beast?". CNET News. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
  110. ^ Albrecht, Katherine; McIntyre, Liz (2006-01-31). The Spychips Threat: Why Christians Should Resist RFID and Electronic Surveillance. Nelson Current. ISBN 1-59555-021-6.
  111. ^ Baard, Mark (2006-06-06). "RFID: Sign of the (End) Times?". Wired. Wired.com. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  112. ^ Scheeres, Julia (6 February 2002). "They Want Their ID Chips Now". Wired News. Retrieved 13 September 2010.

Further reading

  • Haag, Stephen; Cummings, Maeve; McCubbrey, Donald (2004). Management Information Systems for the Information Age (4th ed.). New York City, New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-281947-2.
  • Graafstra, Amal (2004). RFID Toys: 11 Cool Projects for Home, Office and Entertainment (4th ed.). New York City, New York: (ExtremeTech) Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc. ISBN 0-471-77196-1.

May 04, 2023
microchip, implant, human, this, article, require, cleanup, meet, wikipedia, quality, standards, specific, problem, actual, cases, jumbled, with, desired, proposed, through, article, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Actual use cases is jumbled up with desired or proposed use through article Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article if you can December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message A human microchip implant is any electronic device implanted subcutaneously subdermally usually via an injection Examples include an identifying integrated circuit RFID device encased in silicate glass which is implanted in the body of a human being This type of subdermal implant usually contains a unique ID number that can be linked to information contained in an external database such as identity document criminal record medical history medications address book and other potential uses Contents 1 History 1 1 Chipped individuals 2 Types of implants 3 Usage 3 1 Digital identity 3 2 Medical records 3 3 Building access and security 3 4 Proposed uses 4 Criticisms and concerns 4 1 Infection 4 2 MRIs 4 3 Corrosion 4 4 Cancer risks 4 5 Stolen identity privacy security risks 4 6 Risk to human freedom and autonomy 4 7 Ableism 5 Misinformation 6 Legislation 6 1 United States 7 Views 7 1 In popular culture 7 2 Religious beliefs 8 See also 9 References 10 Further readingHistory Edit1998 The first experiments with a radio frequency identification RFID implant were carried out in 1998 by the British scientist Kevin Warwick 1 2 3 4 5 His implant was used to open doors switch on lights and cause verbal output within a building After nine days the implant was removed and has since been held in the Science Museum in London 6 March 18 2004 Nokia Philips now under NXP Semiconductors and Sony established the NFC Forum a non profit industry formed to advance the use of NFC wireless interaction in consumer electronics mobile devices and PCs Standards include the four distinct tag types that provide different communication speeds and capabilities covering flexibility memory security data retention and write endurance NFC Forum promotes implementation and standardization of NFC technology to ensure interoperability between devices and services 7 2018 VivoKey Technologies 8 developed the first cryptographically secure human implantable NFC transponders in 2018 The Spark is an AES128 bit capable ISO IEC 15693 2mm by 12mm bioglass encased injectable device The Flex One is an implantable contactless secure element capable of running Java Card applets software programs including Bitcoin wallets PGP OATH OTP U2F WebAuthn etc It is encapsulated in a flat flexible 7mm x 34mm x 0 4mm flat biopolymer shell Applets can be deployed to the Flex One before or after implantation 2019 Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation funded MIT to develop an invisible microneedle patch to store medical information under the skin with a dye 9 28 August 2020 Neuralink CEO Elon Musk held a broadcast showcasing a pig with a coin sized computer chip in her brain to demonstrate the company s plans to create a working brain to machine interface for humans 10 2021 Dsruptive Subdermals tested a COVID 19 vaccine passport in their bioglass coated NFC microchip designed to be implanted in the subcutaneous tissue 11 12 It has been demonstrated by its managing director Hannes Sjoblad who wears the chip in his arm but it is not yet for sale 13 Chipped individuals Edit A surgeon implants British scientist Dr Mark Gasson in his left hand with an RFID microchip March 16 2009 Several hobbyists through to scientists and business personalities have placed RFID microchip implants into their hands or had them inserted by others 2005 Amal Graafstra In early March 2005 hobbyist Amal Graafstra 14 implanted a 125 kHz EM4102 bioglass encased RFID transponder into his left hand It was used with an access control system to gain entry to his office Soon after in June 2005 he implanted a more advanced HITAG S 2048 low frequency transponder In 2006 he authored the book RFID Toys 15 Graafstra uses his implants to access his home open car doors and to log on to his computer With public interest growing in 2013 he launched biohacking company Dangerous Things 16 and crowdfunded the world s first implantable NFC transponder in 2014 17 He has also spoken at various events and promotional gigs 18 including TEDx 19 and built a smartgun that only fires after reading his implant 20 2006 Mikey Sklar Mikey Sklar had a chip implanted into his left hand and filmed the procedure 21 2009 Mark Gasson On 16 March 2009 British scientist Mark Gasson had a glass capsule RFID device surgically implanted into his left hand In April 2010 Gasson s team demonstrated how a computer virus could wirelessly infect his implant and then be transmitted on to other systems 22 2013 Tim Cannon In October 2013 Cannon became the first person to be implanted with the Grindhouse designed biometric sensor known as Circadia a procedure which was performed by body modification artist Steve Haworth in Essen Germany 23 24 25 2014 Martijn Wismeijer Dutch marketing manager for Bitcoin ATM manufacturer General Bytes placed RFID chips in both of his hands to store his Bitcoin private keys and business card 26 2014 Nikolas Badminton In June 2014 during the From Now Conference 27 in Vancouver Canada event organizer and futurist Nikolas Badminton had an xNT chip implanted into his left hand on stage by noted biohacker Amal Graafstra 28 2015 Jonathan Oxer Self implanted an RFID chip in his arm using a veterinary implantation tool 29 2015 Patric Lanhed sent a bio payment of one euro worth of Bitcoin using a chip embedded in his hand 30 2016 Hannes Sjoblad Biohacker Hannes Sjoblad has been experimenting with near field communication NFC chip implants since 2015 During his talk at Echappee Volee 2016 in Paris Sjoblad disclosed that he has also implanted himself with a chip between his forefinger and thumb and uses it to unlock doors make payments unlock his phone and essentially replacing anything that is put in one s pockets 31 Additionally Sjoblad has hosted several implant parties where interested individuals can also be implanted with the chip 32 In October 2021 Sjoblad appeared in a video interview with Aftonbladet where he demonstrated how he receives a QR code when he scans a microchip implant in his arm that contains his EU Digital COVID Certificate EUDCC 33 34 Marcel Varallo had an NXP chip coated in Bioglass 8625 inserted into his hand between his forefinger and thumb allowing him to open secure elevators and doors at work print from secure printers unlock his mobile phone and home and store his digital business card for transfer to mobile phones enabled for NFC 35 2021 Shain Lakin In late September 2021 during the Security BSides Perth 2021 Conference Hacker Shain Lakin demonstrated using an NXP Semiconductors chip inserted into his hand to remotely trigger ignition of a thermite charge in order to destroy a Solid state drive SSD inside a Personal Computer 36 37 Types of implants EditBrain implant 10 Skin Dermal implant on the skin Invisible transdermal patch 9 Sub dermal implants under the skin Bioglass coated NFC chip injected under the skin Dental implant 38 Usage EditFor Microchip implants that are encapsulated in silicate glass there exists multiple methods to embed the device subcutaneously ranging from placing the microchip implant in a syringe or trocar 39 and piercing under the flesh subdermal then releasing the syringe to using a cutting tool such as a surgical scalpel to cut open subdermal and positioning the implant in the open wound A list of popular uses for microchip implants are as follows Address book Cryptocurrency wallet 40 Keycard 41 Medical history medical records Medical identification tag Payment cards 42 43 Travel cards 44 Other uses either cosmetic or medical may also include Digital identity Edit This section contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view May 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This section relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Microchip implant human news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message RFID implants using NFC technologies have been used as access cards ranging for car door entry to building access 41 Secure identity has also been used to encapsulate or impersonate a users identity via secure element or related technologies Medical records Edit Researchers have examined microchip implants in humans in the medical field and they indicate that there are potential benefits and risks to incorporating the device in the medical field For example it could be beneficial for noncompliant patients but still poses great risks for potential misuse of the device 45 Destron Fearing a subsidiary of Digital Angel initially developed the technology for the VeriChip 46 In 2004 the VeriChip implanted device and reader were classified as Class II General controls with special controls by the FDA 47 that year the FDA also published a draft guidance describing the special controls required to market such devices 48 About the size of a grain of rice the device was typically implanted between the shoulder and elbow area of an individual s right arm Once scanned at the proper frequency the chip responded with a unique 16 digit number which could be then linked with information about the user held on a database for identity verification medical records access and other uses The insertion procedure was performed under local anesthetic in a physician s office 49 50 Privacy advocates raised concerns regarding potential abuse of the chip with some warning that adoption by governments as a compulsory identification program could lead to erosion of civil liberties as well as identity theft if the device should be hacked 50 51 52 Another ethical dilemma posed by the technology is that people with dementia could possibly benefit the most from an implanted device that contained their medical records but issues of informed consent are the most difficult in precisely such people 53 54 In June 2007 the American Medical Association declared that implantable radio frequency identification RFID devices may help to identify patients thereby improving the safety and efficiency of patient care and may be used to enable secure access to patient clinical information 55 but in the same year news reports linking similar devices to cancer caused in laboratory animals had a devastating impact on the company s stock price and sales 56 In 2010 the company by then called PositiveID withdrew the product from the market due to poor sales 57 In January 2012 PositiveID sold the chip assets to a company called VeriTeQ that was owned by Scott Silverman the former CEO of Positive ID 58 In 2016 JAMM Technologies acquired the chip assets from VeriTeQ JAMM s business plan was to partner with companies selling implanted medical devices and use the RFID tags to monitor and identify the devices 59 JAMM Technologies is co located in the same Plymouth Minnesota building as Geissler Corporation with Randolph K Geissler and Donald R Brattain 60 61 listed as its principals The website also claims that Geissler was CEO of PositiveID Corporation Destron Fearing Corporation and Digital Angel Corporation 62 In 2018 A Danish firm called BiChip released a new generation of microchip implant 63 that is intended to be readable from a distance and connected to Internet The company released an update for its microchip implant to associate it with the Ripple cryptocurrency to allow payments to be made using the implanted microchip 64 Patients that undergo NFC implants do so for a variety of reasons ranging from Biomedical diagnostics health reasons to gaining new senses 65 gain biological enhancement to be part of existing growing movements for workplace purposes security hobbyists and for scientific endeavour 66 In 2020 A London based firm called Impli released a microchip implant that is intended to be used with an accompanying smartphone app The primary functionality of the implant is as a storage of medical records The implant can be scanned by any smartphone that has NFC capabilities 67 Building access and security Edit In February 2006 CityWatcher Inc of Cincinnati OH became the first company in the world to implant microchips into their employees as part of their building access control and security system The workers needed the implants to access the company s secure video tape room as documented in USA Today 68 The project was initiated and implemented by Six Sigma Security Inc The VeriChip Corporation had originally marketed the implant as a way to restrict access to secure facilities such as power plants A major drawback for such systems is the relative ease with which the 16 digit ID number contained in a chip implant can be obtained and cloned using a hand held device a problem that has been demonstrated publicly by security researcher Jonathan Westhues 69 and documented in the May 2006 issue of Wired magazine 70 among other places The Baja Beach Club a nightclub in Rotterdam the Netherlands once used VeriChip implants for identifying VIP guests 71 The Epicenter in Stockholm Sweden is using RFID implants for employees to operate security doors copiers and pay for lunch 72 Proposed uses Edit In 2017 Mike Miller chief executive of the World Olympians Association was widely reported as suggesting the use of such implants in athletes in an attempt to reduce problems in sports due to recreational drug use 73 Theoretically a GPS enabled chip could one day make it possible for individuals to be physically located by latitude longitude altitude and velocity citation needed Such implantable GPS devices are not technically feasible at this time However if widely deployed at some future point implantable GPS devices could conceivably allow authorities to locate missing people fugitives or those who fled a crime scene Critics contend that the technology could lead to political repression as governments could use implants to track and persecute human rights activists labor activists civil dissidents and political opponents criminals and domestic abusers could use them to stalk harass and or abduct their victims Some have theorized who that governments could use implants for Central bank digital currency CBDC Electronic identification eID Immunity passport such as digital variants of COVID 19 vaccine passports 9 13 Criticisms and concerns EditInfection Edit Infection has been cited as a source of failure within RFID and related microchip implanted individuals either due to improper implantation techniques implant rejections or corrosion of implant elements 74 MRIs Edit An X ray of a biohacker s hand showing several implants Some chipped individuals have reported being turned away from MRIs due to the presence of magnets in their body 75 No conclusive investigation has been done on the risks of each type of implant near MRIs other than anecdotal reports ranging from no problems requiring hand shielding before proximity to being denied the MRI failed verification see discussion Other medical imaging technologies like X ray and CT scanners do not pose a similar risk Rather X rays can be used to locate implants Corrosion Edit Electronics based implants contain little material that can corrode Magnetic implants however often contain a substantial amount of metallic elements by volume and iron a common implant element is easily corroded by common elements such as oxygen and water Implant corrosion occurs when these elements become trapped inside during the encapsulation process which can cause slow corrosive effect or the encapsulation fails and allows corrosive elements to come into contact with the magnet Catastrophic encapsulation failures are usually obvious resulting in tenderness discoloration of the skin and a slight inflammatory response Small failures however can take much longer to become obvious resulting in a slow degradation of field strength without many external signs that something is slowly going wrong with the magnet 76 Cancer risks Edit In a self published report 77 anti RFID advocate Katherine Albrecht who refers to RFID devices as spy chips cites veterinary and toxicological studies carried out from 1996 to 2006 which found lab rodents injected with microchips as an incidental part of unrelated experiments and dogs implanted with identification microchips sometimes developed cancerous tumors at the injection site subcutaneous sarcomas as evidence of a human implantation risk 78 However the link between foreign body tumorigenesis in lab animals and implantation in humans has been publicly refuted as erroneous and misleading 79 and the report s author has been criticized by whom over the use of provocative language not based in scientific fact 80 Notably none of the studies cited specifically set out to investigate the cancer risk of implanted microchips and so none of the studies had a control group of animals that did not get implanted While the issue is considered worthy of further investigation one of the studies cited cautioned Blind leaps from the detection of tumors to the prediction of human health risk should be avoided 81 82 83 Stolen identity privacy security risks Edit The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs CEJA of the American Medical Association published a report in 2007 alleging that RFID implanted chips may compromise privacy because even though no information can be stored in an RFID transponder they allege that there is no assurance that the information contained in the chip can be properly protected dead link 84 Stolen identity and privacy has been a major concern with Microchip implants being cloned for various nefarious reasons in a process known as Wireless identity theft Incidents of forced removal of animal implants have been documented 85 the concern lies in whether this same practice will be used to attack implanted microchipped patients also Due to low adoption of microchip implants incidents of these physical attacks are rare Nefarious RFID reprogramming of unprotected or unencrypted microchip tags are also a major security risk consideration Risk to human freedom and autonomy Edit There is concern that this technology can be abused 86 Opponents have stated that such invasive technology has the potential to be used by governments to create an Orwellian digital dystopia and theorized that in such a world self determination the ability to think freely and all personal autonomy could be completely lost 87 88 89 Ableism Edit In 2019 Elon Musk announced that a company he had founded which deals with microchip implant research called Neuralink would be able to solve autism and other brain diseases 90 This led to a number of critics calling out Musk for his statements with Dan Robitzski of Neoscope saying while schizophrenia can be a debilitating mental condition autism is more tightly linked to a sense of identity and listing it as a disease to be solved as Musk did risks further stigmatizing a community pushing for better treatment and representation 91 Hilary Brueck of Insider agreed saying conditions like autism can t be neatly cataloged as things to solve Instead they lead people to think differently She went on to argue though that the technology shouldn t be discounted entirely as it could potentially help people with a variety of disabilities such as blindness and quadriplegia 92 Fellow Insider writer Isobel Asher Hamilton added it was not clear what Musk meant by saying Neuralink could solve autism which is not a disease but a developmental disorder She then cited The UK s National Autistic Society s website statement which says Autism is not an illness or disease and cannot be cured Often people feel being autistic is a fundamental aspect of their identity 93 Tristan Greene of The Next Web stated in response to Musk there s only one problem autism isn t a disease and it can t be cured or solved In fact there s some ethical debate in the medical community over whether autism which is considered a disorder should be treated as part of a person s identity and not a condition to be fixed how freaking cool would it be to actually start your Tesla electric vehicle just by thinking But maybe just maybe the billionaire with access to the world s brightest medical minds who even after founding a medical startup still incorrectly thinks that autism is a disease that can be solved or cured shouldn t be someone we trust to shove wires or chips into our brains 94 Some autistic people also spoke out against Musk s statement about using microchips to solve autism with Nera Birch of The Mighty an openly autistic writer stating autism is a huge part of who I am It pervades every aspect of my life Sure there are days where being neurotypical would make everything so much easier But I wouldn t trade my autism for the world I have the unique ability to view the world and experience senses in a way that makes all the negatives of autism worth it The fact you think I would want to be cured is like saying I would rather be nothing than be myself People with neurodiversity are proud of ourselves For many of us we wear our autism as a badge of pride We have a culture within ourselves It is not something that needs to be erased The person with autism is not the problem Neurotypical people need to stop molding us into something they want to interact with 95 Florence Grant an openly autistic writer for The Independent stated autistic people often have highly focused interests also known as special interests I love my ability to hyperfocus and how passionate I get about things I also notice small details and things that other people don t see I see the world differently through a clear lens and this means I can identify solutions where other people can t Does this sound familiar Elon My autism is a part of me and it s not something that can be separated from me I should be able to exist freely autistic and proud But for that to happen the world needs to stop punishing difference and start embracing it Grant noted that Musk himself had recently admitted that he had been diagnosed with Asperger s syndrome a higher functioning form of autism while hosting Saturday Night Live 96 Musk himself has not specified how Neuralink s microchip technology would solve autism and has not commented publicly on the feedback from autistic people Misinformation EditDespite a lack of evidence demonstrating invasive use or even technical capability of microchip implants they have been the subject of many conspiracy theories A 2021 study by YouGov says that 20 of Americans believe that microchips are inside the COVID 19 vaccines 97 98 A 2021 Facebook post by RT Russia Today with nearly 4 000 shares claimed DARPA had developed a COVID 19 detecting microchip implant However the article now reads that it was updated to reflect that DARPA created a sensor and not a microchip as previously stated 99 100 101 Legislation EditThe examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message A few jurisdictions have researched or preemptively passed laws regarding human implantation of microchips United States Edit In the United States many states such as Wisconsin as of 2006 North Dakota 2007 California 2007 Oklahoma 2008 and Georgia 2010 have laws making it illegal to force a person to have a microchip implanted though politicians acknowledge they are unaware of cases of such forced implantation 102 103 104 105 In 2010 Virginia passed a bill forbidding companies from forcing employees to be implanted with tracking devices 106 In 2010 Washington s House of Representatives introduced a bill ordering the study of potential monitoring of sex offenders with implanted RFID or similar technology but it did not pass 107 Views EditThe general public are most familiar with microchips in the context of identifying pets In popular culture Edit Implanted individuals are considered to be grouped together as part of the transhumanism movement Arkangel an episode of the drama series Black Mirror considered the potential for helicopter parenting of an imagined more advanced microchip Microchip implants have been explored in Cyberpunk media such as Ghost in the Shell Cyberpunk 2077 and Deus Ex Religious beliefs Edit Further information New World Order conspiracy theory and Apocalypticism Some Christians make a link between implants and the Biblical Mark of the Beast 108 109 prophesied to be a future requirement for buying and selling and a key element of the Book of Revelation 110 111 Gary Wohlscheid president of These Last Days Ministries has argued that Out of all the technologies with potential to be the mark of the beast VeriChip has got the best possibility right now 112 See also EditAmbient intelligence Kevin WarwickReferences Edit Is human chip implant wave of the future CNN January 13 1999 Retrieved May 12 2010 Professor has world s first silicon chip implant independent co uk 26 August 1998 Archived from the original on 2022 05 14 Professor Cyborg Wired 1998 08 25 BBC News Sci Tech Technology gets under the skin news bbc co uk Sanchez Klein Jana CNN Cyberfuturist plants chip in arm to test human computer interaction August 28 1998 edition cnn com National Museum of Science amp Industry Annual Report PDF Science Museum Group Hamblen Matt 2012 12 19 A short history of NFC Computerworld Retrieved 2020 09 24 VivoKey com VivoKey Technologies Inc a b c Weintraub Karen Invisible Ink Could Reveal whether Kids Have Been Vaccinated Scientific American a b Elon Musk unveils pig with chip in its brain BBC News 2020 08 29 Retrieved 2020 09 23 DSruptive Implantable chip implants Dsruptive Subdermals Aitken Peter 23 December 2021 Swedish COVID vaccine pass microchip maker addresses privacy concerns FOXBusiness a b The Covid 19 passport microchip South China Morning Post Amal Graafstra Technologist Author amp Double RFID Implantee amal net Retrieved 2017 05 26 RFID Toys Forum Dangerous Things Forum Retrieved 2017 05 26 Dangerous Things Dangerous Things Retrieved 2017 05 26 The xNT implantable NFC chip Indiegogo Retrieved 2017 05 26 bpg 2017 03 09 PRMT Ghost In the Shell retrieved 2017 05 26 TEDx Talks 2013 10 17 Biohacking the forefront of a new kind of human evolution Amal Graafstra at TEDxSFU archived from the original on 2021 12 20 retrieved 2017 05 26 Motherboard 2017 03 23 Who Killed the Smart Gun archived from the original on 2021 12 20 retrieved 2017 05 26 The Good Life Lab 2006 05 12 RFID Implant Fox News Mikey Sklar archived from the original on 2021 12 20 retrieved 2019 07 24 Gasson M N 2010 Human Enhancement Could you become infected with a computer virus PDF 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society pp 61 68 doi 10 1109 ISTAS 2010 5514651 ISBN 978 1 4244 7777 7 S2CID 3098538 Lallanilla Marc November 1 2013 Biohacker Implants Chip in Arm Live Science Retrieved 18 July 2017 Cyborg People Who Implanted Tech Business Insider Businessinsider com Retrieved 2015 04 09 The brave new world of biohacking Al Jazeera America America aljazeera com Retrieved 2015 04 09 Clark Liat November 11 2014 Hand implanted NFC chips open this man s bitcoin wallet Wired UK Retrieved February 15 2015 Gray John 2014 06 10 I Watched A guy Get a Chip Implanted in his Hand and It Was Pretty Cool Vice Retrieved 2020 05 18 Futurist Nikolas Badminton gets implanted with a microchip archived from the original on 2021 12 20 retrieved 2020 05 18 Jondo the Mandroid is RFID enabled Archived from the original on 2017 02 20 Retrieved 2015 06 09 Pearson Jordan October 30 2015 This Guy Implanted His Bitcoin Wallet and Made a Payment With His Hand Retrieved November 2 2015 Au pays des especes en voie de disparition lesechos fr 2016 02 19 Retrieved 2016 07 07 Wakefield Jane 2014 12 10 The rise of the Swedish cyborgs BBC News BBC News Retrieved 2016 07 07 Fa covidbeviset under huden gar att fa som ett chip Aftonbladet TV in Swedish Facing COVID passport mandate more Swedes get microchip implants www aa com tr Heraldsun com au Subscribe to the Herald Sun for exclusive stories www heraldsun com au BSides Tallinn s Best Of BSides 2021 BSides Perth 2021 Shain Lakin s Offensive RFID NFC Security Boulevard www securityboulevard com 13 December 2021 Hacking with an NFC Implant Offensive Bio Implants www x90x90 net 19 September 2022 Chip in tooth scientists point way to new identity tag the Guardian 28 February 2006 Milad Magdy Tu Frank Epstein Lee Bradley Linda D 2007 Endoscopic Approaches to Gynecologic Disease General Gynecology pp 755 784 doi 10 1016 B978 032303247 6 10030 9 ISBN 978 0 323 03247 6 Umoh Ruth 2018 04 13 Why this guy paid 75 to store bitcoin under his skin CNBC Retrieved 2021 04 27 a b Shaik Idrish Chilukuri Tejaswi 2018 03 03 Door Access Security System Using NFC Technology PDF International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 5 320 324 This Guy Just Implanted a Payments Chip in His Hand Literally VIDEO bankinnovation net 25 May 2016 Retrieved 2020 09 25 Implantable credit card RFID chips convenient but creepy CreditCards com Retrieved 2020 09 25 Bio hacker who implanted Opal Card into hand fined for not using valid ticket www abc net au 2018 03 16 Retrieved 2020 09 25 Eltorai Adam E M Fox Henry McGurrin Emily Guang Stephanie 2016 Microchips in Medicine Current and Future Applications BioMed Research International 2016 1 7 doi 10 1155 2016 1743472 PMC 4914739 PMID 27376079 Smith Richard M Tough Sell Ahead for the VeriChip Implant ID System Archived October 25 2007 at the Wayback Machine Computer Bytes Man 27 Dec 2001 16 Oct 2007 KO33440 Designation of VeriChip as Class II with special controls PDF FDA October 12 2004 Class II Special Controls Guidance Document Implantable Radiofrequency Transponder System for Patient Identification and Health Information PDF FDA December 10 2004 Verichip Consumer FAQ Archived from the original on August 2 2009 Retrieved 2009 08 16 a b Halamka J Juels A Stubblefield A Westhues J 2006 The security implications of VeriChip cloning Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 13 6 601 7 doi 10 1197 jamia M2143 PMC 1656959 PMID 16929037 Human implantable RFID chips Some ethical and privacy concerns Healthcare IT News 30 July 2007 Westra BL March 2009 Radio frequency identification The American Journal of Nursing 109 3 34 6 doi 10 1097 01 NAJ 0000346925 67498 a4 PMID 19240491 Mordini E Ottolini C 2007 Body identification biometrics and medicine ethical and social considerations PDF Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanita 43 1 51 60 PMID 17536154 Human microchips are here and will change the way we live Science Fiction is Real 2022 06 02 Retrieved 2023 03 16 American Medical Association CEJA Report 5 A 07 Lewan Todd September 8 2007 Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumours The Washington Post Retrieved 2010 06 08 Edwards Jim Down With the Chip PositiveID Axes Its Scary Medical Records bNET July 15 2010 Retrieved March 2 2017 VeriTeQ Acquisition Corporation Acquires Implantable FDA Cleared VeriChip Technology and Health Link Personal Health Record from PositiveID Corporation VeriTeQ via BusinessWire January 17 2012 Geissler Randy April 4 2016 JAMM Technologies Acquires the Veriteq RFID Technology Platform and Enters into Supply Agreement with Establishment Labs JAMM via PRWeb Don Brattain OSU SPEARS SCHOOL TRIBUTES 100 FOR 100 Oklahoma State University November 2014 Retrieved April 21 2018 Tyler Technologies Inc Tyler Investor Community Directors Donald R Brattain Independent Director Tyler Technologies Inc Retrieved April 21 2018 Geissler Corporation Management Geissler Corporation 24 July 2016 Retrieved April 21 2018 Denmark BEZH 2019 Bichip Patent in Denmark dkpto Hamill Jasper January 2018 Would you store Ripple and Bitcoin in microchip Metro Robertson Adi 2017 07 21 I hacked my body for a future that never came The Verge Retrieved 2020 09 24 Gillan Fraser 2019 10 06 The transhumanists upgrading their bodies BBC News Retrieved 2020 09 24 Impli is announcing the release of ImpliCaspian your identifier Impli 4 December 2019 Lewan Todd USA Today July 2007 Microchips in humans spark privacy debate Westhues Jonathan Demo Cloning a VeriChip Demo Cloning a VeriChip Newitz Annalee May 2006 The RFID Hacking Underground Wired Retrieved July 13 2011 http www baja nl vipform aspx Archived 2009 12 24 at the Wayback Machine Mearian Lucas February 6 2015 Office complex implants RFID chips in employees hands Computerworld Retrieved February 15 2015 Will microchips be used in athletes to prevent doping Schiffmann Alain Clauss Martin Honigmann Philipp 2020 Biohackers and Self Made Problems Infection of an Implanted RFID NFC Chip A Case Report JBJS Case Connector 10 2 e0399 doi 10 2106 JBJS CC 19 00399 PMID 32649126 S2CID 219881074 Robertson Adi 2017 07 21 I hacked my body for a future that never came The Verge Retrieved 2020 09 23 Eliaz Noam 2019 01 28 Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials A Review Materials 12 3 407 Bibcode 2019Mate 12 407E doi 10 3390 ma12030407 PMC 6384782 PMID 30696087 http www antichips com cancer Archived 2007 12 23 at the Wayback Machine Microchip Induced Tumors in Laboratory Rodents and Dogs A Review of the Literature 1990 2006 Lewan Todd September 8 2007 Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumours The Washington Post retrieved 2010 06 08 RFID Journal 12 September 2007 VeriChip Defends the Safety of Implanted RFID Tags rfidjournal com Retrieved 13 April 2016 uownow 2011 03 23 IEEE ISTAS 2010 UOW Dr Katherine Albrecht archived from the original on 2021 12 20 retrieved 2019 07 24 Blanchard K T Barthel C French J E Holden H E Moretz R Pack F D Tennant R W Stoll R E 1999 Transponder Induced Sarcoma in the Heterozygous p53 Mouse Toxicologic Pathology 27 5 519 27 doi 10 1177 019262339902700505 PMID 10528631 Lewan Todd The Associated Press September 8 2007 Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumors washingtonpost com Archived from the original on 2008 07 25 Studies Linking Microchips and Cancer Archived from the original on 2008 06 15 Retrieved 2009 11 15 CEJA of the American Medical Association CEJA Report 5 A 07 Radio Frequency ID Devices in Humans presented by Robert M Sade MD Chair 2007 Dognappers hacked microchip out of dog and stole her puppies Metro 2020 07 19 Retrieved 2020 09 24 The Guardian 1 Remote controlled contraceptive microchip could launch 2014 HuffPost 2 Towards The Orwellian Era of a Microchipped Workforce 2017 The Times 3 Microchipping workers takes us back to 1984 2018 IOT News 4 Could microchip implants presage George Orwell s chilling novel 1984 2014 Gilmer Marcus 14 November 2019 Elon Musk s comments on autism prove he should not podcast mashable com Mashable Retrieved 12 February 2023 Robitzski Dan Elon Musk Claims Neuralink Can Solve Autism Schizophrenia He incorrectly suggested that autism is a brain disease futurism com Neoscope Retrieved 12 February 2023 Brueck Hilary Elon Musk said his brain chips might solve autism and schizophrenia A neuroscientist who implants brain chips has doubts www insider com Insider Retrieved 12 February 2023 Hamilton Isobel Asher Elon Musk said his AI brain chips company could solve autism and schizophrenia www businessinsider com Insider Retrieved 12 February 2023 Greene Tristan 14 November 2019 Elon Musk says Neuralink can solve autism with a brain chip We call BS thenextweb com The Next Web Retrieved 12 February 2023 Birch Nera Dear Elon Musk I Don t Need a Brain Chip to Solve My Autism themighty com The Mighty Retrieved 12 February 2023 Grant Florence 17 May 2021 No Elon Musk autism does not need solving we d much rather be accepted as we are www independent co uk Independent Retrieved 12 February 2023 PDF https docs cdn yougov com w2zmwpzsq0 econTabReport pdf a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Dawson Bethany 20 of Americans believe the conspiracy theory that microchips are inside the COVID 19 vaccines says YouGov study Insider Facebook https www facebook com RTnews photos a 10150144237704411 10160031648324411 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Vercellone Chiara Fact Check Military funded sensor can help detect COVID 19 but it s not a microchip USA TODAY Military programs aiming to end pandemics forever www cbsnews com Songini Marc L 2006 06 12 Wisconsin law bars forced RFID implants Network World Retrieved 2023 01 06 California Bans Forced RFID Tagging of Humans GovTech 2010 07 27 Retrieved 2023 01 06 Tim Talley Bill bans involuntary microchip implants 2008 Radio Frequency Identification RFID Privacy Laws 2015 Virginia delegates pass bill banning chip implants as mark of the beast Raw Story Celebrating 18 Years of Independent Journalism www rawstory com Retrieved 2023 01 06 HB 1142 2009 10 to study requiring the use of implanted RFID in certain felons Streitfield David 9 May 2002 First Humans to Receive ID Chips Technology Device injected under the skin will provide identification and medical information Los Angeles Times Retrieved 13 September 2010 Gilbert Alorie 16 February 2005 Is RFID the mark of the beast CNET News Retrieved 13 September 2010 Albrecht Katherine McIntyre Liz 2006 01 31 The Spychips Threat Why Christians Should Resist RFID and Electronic Surveillance Nelson Current ISBN 1 59555 021 6 Baard Mark 2006 06 06 RFID Sign of the End Times Wired Wired com Retrieved 2009 10 13 Scheeres Julia 6 February 2002 They Want Their ID Chips Now Wired News Retrieved 13 September 2010 Further reading EditHaag Stephen Cummings Maeve McCubbrey Donald 2004 Management Information Systems for the Information Age 4th ed New York City New York McGraw Hill ISBN 0 07 281947 2 Graafstra Amal 2004 RFID Toys 11 Cool Projects for Home Office and Entertainment 4th ed New York City New York ExtremeTech Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc ISBN 0 471 77196 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Microchip implant human amp oldid 1150953475, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.