A fugitive (or runaway) is a person who is fleeing from custody, whether it be from jail, a government arrest, government or non-government questioning, vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals. A fugitive from justice, also known as a wanted person, can be a person who is either convicted or accused of a crime and hiding from law enforcement in the state or taking refuge in a different country in order to avoid arrest.[1]
Fugitives are often profiled in the media in order to be apprehended, such as in the TV show America's Most Wanted.
A fugitive from justice alternatively has been defined as a person formally charged with a crime or a convicted criminal whose punishment has not yet been determined or fully served who is currently beyond the custody or control of the national or sub-national government or international criminal tribunal with an interest in their arrest. This latter definition adopts the perspective of the pursuing government or tribunal, recognizing that the charged (versus escaped) individual does not necessarily realize that they are officially a wanted person (e.g., due to a case of mistaken identity or reliance on a sealed indictment), and therefore may not be fleeing, hiding, or taking refuge to avoid arrest.[2] The fugitive from justice is ‘international’ (versus ‘domestic’) if wanted by law enforcement authorities across a national border.[3]Interpol is the international organization with no legal authority to directly pursue or detain fugitives of any kind.[4]Europol is the European authority for the pursuit of fugitives who are on the run within Europe, and coordinates their search, while national authorities in the probable country of their stay coordinate their arrest. In the United States, the U.S. Marshals Service is the primary law enforcement agency that tracks down federal fugitives, though the Federal Bureau of Investigation also tracks fugitives.
As a verbal metaphor and psychological concept, one might also be described as a "fugitive from oneself". The literary sense of "fugitive" includes the meaning of simply "fleeing".
In many jurisdictions, a fugitive who flees custody while a trial is underway loses the right to appeal any convictions or sentences imposed on him, since the act of fleeing is deemed to flout the court's authority. In 2003, convicted rapist Andrew Luster had his appeals denied on the basis that he spent six months as a fugitive (he was convicted in absentia).[5][6][7]
While a person is being sought for potential arrest, the person may be described variously as being "at large" or as a "person of interest" to law enforcement. The latter term is frequently used in an "All-points bulletin" issued to other law enforcement persons or agencies. A person who has jumped bail after arraignment in court may be hunted or pursued by his bail bondsman, and a bounty may be "on his head." The act of fleeing from the jurisdiction of a court is described colloquially as "fleeing justice" or "running from the Law." A "wanted poster" may be issued, especially by the FBI, culminating in the "FBI's Most Wanted List" of fugitives.
"On the lam" or "on the run" often refers to fugitives. Mencken's The American Language and The Thesaurus of American Slang proclaim that lam, lamister, and "on the lam"—all referring to a hasty departure—were common in thieves' slang before the turn of the 20th century. Mencken quotes a newspaper report on the origin of 'lam' which actually traces it indirectly back to Shakespeare's time.
Its origin should be obvious to anyone who runs over several colloquial phrases for leavetaking, such as 'beat it' and 'hit the trail'. The allusion in 'lam' is to 'beat,' and 'beat it' is Old English, meaning 'to leave.' During the period of George Ade's 'Fables in Slang' (1900), cabaret society delight in talking slang, and 'lam' was current. Like many other terms, it went under in the flood of new usages of those days, but was preserved in criminal slang. A quarter of a century later it reappeared.
Mencken also quotes a story from the New York Herald Tribune newspaper in 1938 which reported that "one of the oldest police officers in New York said that he had heard 'on the lam' thirty years ago."
Other methods include using anonymous tips from members of the public who may have seen sight of the fugitive; CCTV and other modes of technology; news broadcasting of public awareness (depending on the severity of the crime the fugitive has committed), and co-operation with local law enforcement teams.
FBI: Most Wanted a spinoff of CBS drama FBI follows a division of the FBI that tracks down fugitives on the most wanted list.
Referencesedit
^Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Vol. 5 (2 ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. p. 12. ISBN9780787663742.
^Sadoff, David A. (2016-12-24). Bringing International Fugitives to Justice: Extradition and its Alternatives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31, 33. ISBN9781107129283.
^Sadoff, David A. (2016-12-24). Bringing International Fugitives to Justice: Extradition and its Alternatives. ISBN9781107129283.
^"Legal materials / About INTERPOL / Internet / Home - INTERPOL". www.interpol.int. from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
^"California Courts - Appellate Court Case Information". appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07.
^Supreme Court of the United States Docket for 03-854, Andrew Stuart v. California December 11, 2003
^"Legal Blog Network - FindLaw" (PDF). Findlaw. (PDF) from the original on 2006-09-15. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
^Nyagudi, Nyagudi Musandu. "Intelligence Studies in Forensic Criminology of Fugitive Emanating Definitive and Locational Parameters – dissertation without errata" (PDF). Figshare. Figshare repository. (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
^Most-Wanted: How Officials Find Fugitives, from the original on 2016-03-03, retrieved 2018-04-02
External linksedit
Look up fugitive in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Fugitives wanted by FBI
Interpol Wanted List
Fugitives wanted by US Marshals 2021-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
February 15, 2024
fugitive, other, uses, disambiguation, examples, perspective, this, article, deal, primarily, with, united, states, represent, worldwide, view, subject, improve, this, article, discuss, issue, talk, page, create, article, appropriate, february, 2020, learn, wh. For other uses see The Fugitive disambiguation The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message A fugitive or runaway is a person who is fleeing from custody whether it be from jail a government arrest government or non government questioning vigilante violence or outraged private individuals A fugitive from justice also known as a wanted person can be a person who is either convicted or accused of a crime and hiding from law enforcement in the state or taking refuge in a different country in order to avoid arrest 1 Fugitives are often profiled in the media in order to be apprehended such as in the TV show America s Most Wanted A fugitive from justice alternatively has been defined as a person formally charged with a crime or a convicted criminal whose punishment has not yet been determined or fully served who is currently beyond the custody or control of the national or sub national government or international criminal tribunal with an interest in their arrest This latter definition adopts the perspective of the pursuing government or tribunal recognizing that the charged versus escaped individual does not necessarily realize that they are officially a wanted person e g due to a case of mistaken identity or reliance on a sealed indictment and therefore may not be fleeing hiding or taking refuge to avoid arrest 2 The fugitive from justice is international versus domestic if wanted by law enforcement authorities across a national border 3 Interpol is the international organization with no legal authority to directly pursue or detain fugitives of any kind 4 Europol is the European authority for the pursuit of fugitives who are on the run within Europe and coordinates their search while national authorities in the probable country of their stay coordinate their arrest In the United States the U S Marshals Service is the primary law enforcement agency that tracks down federal fugitives though the Federal Bureau of Investigation also tracks fugitives As a verbal metaphor and psychological concept one might also be described as a fugitive from oneself The literary sense of fugitive includes the meaning of simply fleeing In many jurisdictions a fugitive who flees custody while a trial is underway loses the right to appeal any convictions or sentences imposed on him since the act of fleeing is deemed to flout the court s authority In 2003 convicted rapist Andrew Luster had his appeals denied on the basis that he spent six months as a fugitive he was convicted in absentia 5 6 7 Contents 1 Terminology 2 Detection methods 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksTerminology editWhile a person is being sought for potential arrest the person may be described variously as being at large or as a person of interest to law enforcement The latter term is frequently used in an All points bulletin issued to other law enforcement persons or agencies A person who has jumped bail after arraignment in court may be hunted or pursued by his bail bondsman and a bounty may be on his head The act of fleeing from the jurisdiction of a court is described colloquially as fleeing justice or running from the Law A wanted poster may be issued especially by the FBI culminating in the FBI s Most Wanted List of fugitives On the lam or on the run often refers to fugitives Mencken s The American Language and The Thesaurus of American Slang proclaim that lam lamister and on the lam all referring to a hasty departure were common in thieves slang before the turn of the 20th century Mencken quotes a newspaper report on the origin of lam which actually traces it indirectly back to Shakespeare s time Its origin should be obvious to anyone who runs over several colloquial phrases for leavetaking such as beat it and hit the trail The allusion in lam is to beat and beat it is Old English meaning to leave During the period of George Ade s Fables in Slang 1900 cabaret society delight in talking slang and lam was current Like many other terms it went under in the flood of new usages of those days but was preserved in criminal slang A quarter of a century later it reappeared Mencken also quotes a story from the New York Herald Tribune newspaper in 1938 which reported that one of the oldest police officers in New York said that he had heard on the lam thirty years ago Detection methods editVarious methods 8 can be used to find fugitives Phone taps and pen registers can be used on relatives Credit card and cell phone activities and electronic transfer of money can also be traced Wanted posters and rewards can also be used 9 Jail records are also sometimes used for instance after the U S Government determined that Timothy McVeigh had perpetrated the Oklahoma City Bombing he was found in a local jail Other methods include using anonymous tips from members of the public who may have seen sight of the fugitive CCTV and other modes of technology news broadcasting of public awareness depending on the severity of the crime the fugitive has committed and co operation with local law enforcement teams See also editAmerica s Most Wanted Bounty hunter Diplomatic Security Service DSS Convict Crime scene getaway Extradition FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives Fugitive peasants Fugitive slaves List of fugitives from justice who disappeared The Hunt with John Walsh I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE Interpol Manhunt law enforcement Outlaw Prison escape Resisting arrest United States Marshals Service FBI Most Wanted a spinoff of CBS drama FBI follows a division of the FBI that tracks down fugitives on the most wanted list References edit Lehman Jeffrey Phelps Shirelle 2005 West s Encyclopedia of American Law Vol 5 2 ed Detroit Thomson Gale p 12 ISBN 9780787663742 Sadoff David A 2016 12 24 Bringing International Fugitives to Justice Extradition and its Alternatives Cambridge University Press pp 30 31 33 ISBN 9781107129283 Sadoff David A 2016 12 24 Bringing International Fugitives to Justice Extradition and its Alternatives ISBN 9781107129283 Legal materials About INTERPOL Internet Home INTERPOL www interpol int Archived from the original on 2011 09 27 Retrieved 2018 07 20 California Courts Appellate Court Case Information appellatecases courtinfo ca gov Archived from the original on 2012 07 07 Supreme Court of the United States Docket for 03 854 Andrew Stuart v California December 11 2003 Legal Blog Network FindLaw PDF Findlaw Archived PDF from the original on 2006 09 15 Retrieved 2011 11 20 Nyagudi Nyagudi Musandu Intelligence Studies in Forensic Criminology of Fugitive Emanating Definitive and Locational Parameters dissertation without errata PDF Figshare Figshare repository Archived PDF from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 11 September 2015 Most Wanted How Officials Find Fugitives archived from the original on 2016 03 03 retrieved 2018 04 02External links edit nbsp Look up fugitive in Wiktionary the free dictionary AMW com Fugitives wanted by FBI Interpol Wanted List Fugitives wanted by US Marshals Archived 2021 07 27 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fugitive amp oldid 1197776153, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
