Ashraf Ali Thanwi (often referred as Hakim al-Ummat[a][3] and Mujaddid e Millet[b] (19 September 1863 – 20 July 1943) was a late-nineteenth and twentieth-century Sunni scholar, jurist, thinker, reformist and the revival of classical sufi thought from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj,[4][5] one of the chief proponents of Pakistan Movement.[3] He was a central figure of Islamic spiritual, intellectual and religious life in South Asia and continues to be highly influential today.[3] As a prolific author, he completed over a thousand works including Bayan Ul Quran and Bahishti Zewar.[3] He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved to Kanpur, then Thana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, where he resided until the end of his life.[3] His training in Quran, Hadith, Fiqh studies and Sufism qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars of Deoband.[6] His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy, Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society.[6] He offered a sketch of a Muslim community that is collective, patriarchal, hierarchical and compassion-based.[6]
He laid a very active life teaching, preaching, writing, lecturing and making occasional journey.[citation needed] He belonged to a period when Muslims were physically intellectually under attack by the western colonial powers and the Arya Samaj.[citation needed] His literary life began at Darul Uloom Deoband and that he wrote a Mathnawi titled as "Zeero-bam", in Persian language at the age of eighteenth.[citation needed] For fourteenth years he was a teacher in Madrasa Faiz e Aam, in Kanpur, taught, wrote, and gave sermons and issued Fatwa. From the early days of his educational life, he was very much impressed by Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.[citation needed]
Most of his books are in Urdu, Arabic and Persian.[citation needed] There is no branch of Islam in which his book may not be present. It is said that the number of his works is nearly one thousand.[citation needed] The rights of printing of all his books were public. He never earned a single paisa from his books. Millions of individual derived educational and practical benefit from his books and predicatory lectures.[citation needed]
His sermons were written, while they were delivered from city to city and shown to him and published, Muslims benefitted from them. These contained Islamic rules and regulations, stoppage of innovations, facts and figures interesting topics etc.[citation needed] Normally, lectures discussed were about Islamic worship, but he also talked about morals, dealings, practical daily life in his sermons. He kept this in mind in his training of Sulook and Tariqah as well.[citation needed] A list of his major works is given here:
Bayan Ul Quran: It is a three volume tafsir (exegesis) of the Quran. The compilation of this exegesis was started in 1320 AH. It was published in twelve volumes from Matb'a Mujtabai, Delhi in 1908 (1326 AH).[citation needed]
Bahishti Zewar: It is comprehensive handbook of fiqh, Islamic rituals and morals, it is especially aimed at the education of girls and women. The volume describes the Five Pillars of Islam and also highlights more obscure principles. For years it has remained a favorite with the people of the Indian subcontinent as well as Indian Muslim diaspora all over the world.[13]
Imdad al-Fatawa: It is the collection of Thanwis fatwas, which is a compendium of Hanafi Fiqh containing research-oriented fatwas and fiqhi discourses.[14]
Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr-un-Nabi Al Habib Sallalahu 'alaihi Wa Salam: During 1911-1912, Thanwi wrote this book on Prophetic biography Sallalahu 'alaihi Wa Salam. He has professed obeisance to the Prophet Sallalahu 'alaihi Wa Salam in the 41 chapters of this book. He has presented him as a boon for the entire universe.[15]
^Bruckmayr, Philipp (2020). "Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām". Die Welt des Islams. Brill. 60 (2–3): 293–324. doi:10.1163/15700607-06023P06.
^ abWahid, Abdul (1982). Maqalat-e-iqbal (in Urdu). Lahore: Tufail Art Printers. p. 180.
^Faruque, Muhammad U. (2021). "Eternity Made Temporal: Ashraf ʿAlī Thānavī, a Twentieth-Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought". Journal of Sufi Studies. 9 (2): 215–246. doi:10.1163/22105956-bja10009. ISSN 2210-5948. S2CID 242261580.
^Koreishi, Samiullah (13 September 2013). "What's wrong with Pakistan?". Dawn.
^ abKhan, Munshi Abdur Rahman (1992). Tehreek e Pakistan aur Ulama e Rabbani (in Urdu). Pakistan: Idara-i Islamiya.
^Naeem, Fuad (2009), "Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī", The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001, ISBN978-0-19-530513-5, retrieved 7 November 2022
^Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David (6 December 2012). Islam Outside the Arab World. Routledge. p. 224. ISBN978-1-136-11322-2.
^Jetly, Rajshree (27 April 2012). Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics. Taylor & Francis. pp. 156–. ISBN978-1-136-51696-2.
^Robinson, Francis (2000). "Islam and Muslim separatism.". In Hutchinson, John (ed.). Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Anthony D. Smith. Taylor & Francis. pp. 929–930. ISBN978-0-415-20112-4.
^Ansari, Usamah (2009). "Producing the Conjugal Patriarchal Family in Maulana Thanvi's Heavenly Ornaments: Biopolotics, 'Shariatic Modernity' and Managing Women". Comparative Islamic Studies. 5 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1558/cis.v5i1.93. ISSN 1743-1638.
^Ullah, Mohammed (2018). The Contribution of Deoband School to Hanafi Fiqh A Study of Its Response to Modern Issues and Challenges (PhD). India: Jamia Hamdard University. p. 116. hdl:10603/326073.
^Fakharuddin, Muhammad (2020). "An Analytical Study of the " Nashr al-Tīb fi Zikr-un-Nabi Al-Habib"". Al-Amīr (in Urdu). 1 (1). ISSN 2790-9328.
ashraf, thanwi, often, referred, hakim, ummat, mujaddid, millet, september, 1863, july, 1943, late, nineteenth, twentieth, century, sunni, scholar, jurist, thinker, reformist, revival, classical, sufi, thought, from, indian, subcontinent, during, british, chie. Ashraf Ali Thanwi often referred as Hakim al Ummat a 3 and Mujaddid e Millet b 19 September 1863 20 July 1943 was a late nineteenth and twentieth century Sunni scholar jurist thinker reformist and the revival of classical sufi thought from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj 4 5 one of the chief proponents of Pakistan Movement 3 He was a central figure of Islamic spiritual intellectual and religious life in South Asia and continues to be highly influential today 3 As a prolific author he completed over a thousand works including Bayan Ul Quran and Bahishti Zewar 3 He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved to Kanpur then Thana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah i Imdadiyah where he resided until the end of his life 3 His training in Quran Hadith Fiqh studies and Sufism qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars of Deoband 6 His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society 6 He offered a sketch of a Muslim community that is collective patriarchal hierarchical and compassion based 6 Hakim al Ummat Mujaddid e MilletAshraf Ali Thanwiاشرف علی تھانویPersonal detailsBornAbd al Ghani 1863 09 19 19 September 1863Thana Bhawan Muzaffarnagar British IndiaDied20 July 1943 1943 07 20 aged 79 Thana Bhawan Muzaffarnagar British IndiaSpouse2ParentAbdul Haq father Alma materDarul Uloom DeobandPersonalNationalityBritish IndianDenominationSunniJurisprudenceHanafiCreedMaturidi 1 MovementDeobandiMain interest s Sufism Moral Philosophy Islamic revival Tafsir Fiqh Hadith Prophetic biographyNotable work s Majlis e Dawatul HaqSenior postingDisciple ofImdadullah Muhajir MakkiDisciples Abdul Hai Arifi Athar Ali Bengali Abdul Majid Daryabadi Aziz al Hasan Ghouri Abrarul Haq Haqqi Shah Ahmad Hasan Muhammadullah Hafezzi Khair Muhammad Jalandhari Masihullah Khan Maqsudullah Muhammad Shafi Deobandi Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri Habibullah Qurayshi Sulaiman Nadvi Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi Zafar Ahmad UsmaniInfluenced Muhammad Iqbal 2 Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Hakeem Muhammad AkhtarLiterary worksBayan Ul Quran 1908 Bahishti ZewarWebsiteashrafiya wbr com Contents 1 Views and thoughts 1 1 Political ideology 2 Works and contribution 3 Influence and legacy 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Notes 5 2 Citations 6 External linksViews and thoughts EditPolitical ideology Edit Thanwi was a strong supporter of the Muslim League 7 He maintained a correspondence with the leadership of All India Muslim League AIML including Muhammad Ali Jinnah He also sent groups of Muslim scholars to give religious advice and reminders to Jinnah 8 His disciples Zafar Ahmad Usmani and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation of Pakistan 9 During the 1940s many Deobandi Ulama supported the Congress but Thanwi and some other leading Deobandi scholars including Muhammad Shafi Deobandi and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani were in favour of the Muslim League 10 11 Thanwi resigned from Darul Uloom Deoband s management committee due to its pro Congress stance 12 His support and the support of his disciples for Pakistan Movement were greatly appreciated by AIML 8 Works and contribution EditHe laid a very active life teaching preaching writing lecturing and making occasional journey citation needed He belonged to a period when Muslims were physically intellectually under attack by the western colonial powers and the Arya Samaj citation needed His literary life began at Darul Uloom Deoband and that he wrote a Mathnawi titled as Zeero bam in Persian language at the age of eighteenth citation needed For fourteenth years he was a teacher in Madrasa Faiz e Aam in Kanpur taught wrote and gave sermons and issued Fatwa From the early days of his educational life he was very much impressed by Rashid Ahmad Gangohi citation needed Most of his books are in Urdu Arabic and Persian citation needed There is no branch of Islam in which his book may not be present It is said that the number of his works is nearly one thousand citation needed The rights of printing of all his books were public He never earned a single paisa from his books Millions of individual derived educational and practical benefit from his books and predicatory lectures citation needed His sermons were written while they were delivered from city to city and shown to him and published Muslims benefitted from them These contained Islamic rules and regulations stoppage of innovations facts and figures interesting topics etc citation needed Normally lectures discussed were about Islamic worship but he also talked about morals dealings practical daily life in his sermons He kept this in mind in his training of Sulook and Tariqah as well citation needed A list of his major works is given here Bayan Ul Quran It is a three volume tafsir exegesis of the Quran The compilation of this exegesis was started in 1320 AH It was published in twelve volumes from Matb a Mujtabai Delhi in 1908 1326 AH citation needed Bahishti Zewar It is comprehensive handbook of fiqh Islamic rituals and morals it is especially aimed at the education of girls and women The volume describes the Five Pillars of Islam and also highlights more obscure principles For years it has remained a favorite with the people of the Indian subcontinent as well as Indian Muslim diaspora all over the world 13 Imdad al Fatawa It is the collection of Thanwis fatwas which is a compendium of Hanafi Fiqh containing research oriented fatwas and fiqhi discourses 14 Nashr al Tib fi Zikr un Nabi Al Habib Sallalahu alaihi Wa Salam During 1911 1912 Thanwi wrote this book on Prophetic biography Sallalahu alaihi Wa Salam He has professed obeisance to the Prophet Sallalahu alaihi Wa Salam in the 41 chapters of this book He has presented him as a boon for the entire universe 15 Influence and legacy EditHe produced near about 1000 trainees to whom he permitted for Bay ah and those spread their influences of Thanwi Among them are Sulaiman Nadvi Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Zafar Ahmad Usmani Abdul Hai Arifi Athar Ali Bengali Abdul Majid Daryabadi Aziz al Hasan Ghouri Abrarul Haq Haqqi Muhammadullah Hafezzi Khair Muhammad Jalandhari Masihullah Khan Muhammad Shafi Deobandi Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri Habibullah Qurayshi Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi His edicts and religious teachings have been deemed authoritative even by many of his opponents Muhammad Iqbal once wrote to a friend of his that on the matter of Rumi s teachings he held Thanwi as the greatest living authority 2 See also EditBibliography of Ashraf Ali ThanwiReferences EditNotes Edit Spiritual physician of the Muslim Ummah Reformer of the Nation Citations Edit Bruckmayr Philipp 2020 Salafi Challenge and Maturidi Response Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Maturidi kalam Die Welt des Islams Brill 60 2 3 293 324 doi 10 1163 15700607 06023P06 a b Wahid Abdul 1982 Maqalat e iqbal in Urdu Lahore Tufail Art Printers p 180 a b c d e Naeem Fuad 2009 Thanvi Mawlana Ashraf ʿAli The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 530513 5 Esposito John L 2003 Thanawi Ashraf Ali The Oxford Dictionary of Islam Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 512558 0 Faruque Muhammad U 2021 Eternity Made Temporal Ashraf ʿAli Thanavi a Twentieth Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought Journal of Sufi Studies 9 2 215 246 doi 10 1163 22105956 bja10009 ISSN 2210 5948 S2CID 242261580 a b c Belhaj Abdessamad 2014 Thanvi Ashraf ʿAli The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Science and Technology in Islam Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 981257 8 Koreishi Samiullah 13 September 2013 What s wrong with Pakistan Dawn a b Khan Munshi Abdur Rahman 1992 Tehreek e Pakistan aur Ulama e Rabbani in Urdu Pakistan Idara i Islamiya Naeem Fuad 2009 Thanvi Mawlana Ashraf ʿAli The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780195305135 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 530513 5 retrieved 7 November 2022 Svanberg Ingvar Westerlund David 6 December 2012 Islam Outside the Arab World Routledge p 224 ISBN 978 1 136 11322 2 Jetly Rajshree 27 April 2012 Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics Taylor amp Francis pp 156 ISBN 978 1 136 51696 2 Robinson Francis 2000 Islam and Muslim separatism In Hutchinson John ed Nationalism Critical Concepts in Political Science Anthony D Smith Taylor amp Francis pp 929 930 ISBN 978 0 415 20112 4 Ansari Usamah 2009 Producing the Conjugal Patriarchal Family in Maulana Thanvi s Heavenly Ornaments Biopolotics Shariatic Modernity and Managing Women Comparative Islamic Studies 5 1 93 110 doi 10 1558 cis v5i1 93 ISSN 1743 1638 Ullah Mohammed 2018 The Contribution of Deoband School to Hanafi Fiqh A Study of Its Response to Modern Issues and Challenges PhD India Jamia Hamdard University p 116 hdl 10603 326073 Fakharuddin Muhammad 2020 An Analytical Study of the Nashr al Tib fi Zikr un Nabi Al Habib Al Amir in Urdu 1 1 ISSN 2790 9328 External links EditAshraf Ali Thanwi at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ashraf Ali Thanwi amp oldid 1135353405, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
