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Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

January 06, 2023

This article is about the city in India. For its namesake district, see Mandi district.

Mandi (formerly known as Mandav Nagar,[3][4] also known as Sahor) is a major city and a municipal corporation in Mandi District in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

Mandi
Choti Kashi
City
From top, left to right: Victoria Bridge, Mandi town, Panchvaktra Temple & Prashar lake
Nickname(s): 
Choti Kashi, Varanasi of Hills
Mandi
Mandi
Coordinates: 31°42′25″N 76°55′54″E / 31.70694°N 76.93167°E / 31.70694; 76.93167Coordinates: 31°42′25″N 76°55′54″E / 31.70694°N 76.93167°E / 31.70694; 76.93167
Country India
State Himachal Pradesh
DistrictMandi
MunicipalityMandi
Established1527
Founded byAjbar Sen
TalukasMandi Sadar
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation of Mandi
 • Deputy CommissionerSh. Arindam Chaudhary, IAS
 • Superintendent of policeShalini Agnihotri, IPS
Elevation
760 m (2,490 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total26,422
 • Rank6 in HP
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
 • RegionalMandeali
Ethnicity
 • Ethnic groupsMandyali
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
175 001
Telephone code91-01905
Vehicle registrationHP-28, HP- 29, HP-30, HP-31, HP-32, HP-33, HP-65, HP-76, HP-82, HP-86, HP-87
Nearest citySundernagar
Sex ratio1000/1013 ♂/♀ (2nd in HP)
Literacy83.5%
Lok Sabha constituencyMandi (Lok Sabha Constituency)
Planning agencyTown and Country Planning Department, Himachal Pradesh, India
Civic agencyMunicipal Corporation of Mandi
Present KingHH Raja Ashokpal Sen
ClimateCwa
Precipitation1,380 millimetres (54 in)
Avg. annual temperature24 °C (75 °F)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature17 °C (63 °F)
Websitehpmandi.gov.in
† The Mandi Planning area also includes some portions of Mandi District.[2]

It is situated 145 kilometres (90 mi) north of state capital, Shimla[5] in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of 880 metres  [6] and experiences pleasant summers and cold winters. Mandi is connected to the Pathankot through National Highway 20 which is almost 220 km(140 mi) long and to Manali and Chandigarh through National Highway 21 which is 323 km(201 mi) long. Mandi is approximately 184.6 km (114.7 mi) from Chandigarh,[7] the nearest major city, and 440.9 km (273.9 mi) from New Delhi,[8] the national capital. In the 2011 Indian census, Mandi city had a population of 26,422.[1] Mandi district is currently the 2nd largest economy in the state next to Kangra. Mandi, in the state is having second highest sex ratio of 1013 females per thousand males.

It serves as the headquarters of Mandi District and Zonal Headquarters of central zone including Districts namely Kullu, Bilaspur, and Hamirpur. As a tourist place, Mandi is often referred to as "Varanasi of Hills"[9] or "Choti Kashi"[10] or "Kashi of Himachal". Also, Mandi is the starting point for a trek of the region, Prashar lake trek. From Mandi, trekkers go to Bagi village, which serves as the base village for Prashar lake. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi is a premier institute located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Mandi town.[11]

This one-time capital of the princely state of Mandi is a fast-developing city that still retains much of its original charm and character. The city was established in 1527 by Ajbar Sen,[12] as the seat of the Mandi State, a princely state till 1948. Foundation of the city was laid on the establishment of Himachal Pradesh in early 1948. Today, it is widely known for the International Mandi Shivaratri Fair. First heritage city of Himachal Pradesh. The city also has the remains of old palaces and notable examples of 'colonial' architecture. The city had one of the oldest buildings of Himachal Pradesh.

Origin of name

See also: Renaming of cities in India

The name "mandi" (and the former name "Mandav Nagar")[13][14][15] has its roots from Great Sage Rishi 'Mandav' who prayed in this area, and the rocks turned black due to the severity of his penance. Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the common word mandi[16] which means "market"[17] in Hindi. It may possibly be connected with the Sanskrit root mandaptika, meaning "an open hall or shed,".[18][19]

While the city's name has always been pronounced "[mŋɖɪ]" in the local language, the anglicized version "Mandav Nagar" was the official name until it was changed to "Mandi".[20] This change is now the most widely used name for the city.[21] Mandi is renowned for its 81 ancient old stone Shaivite temples[22][23] and their enormous range of fine carving. Because of this, it is also often called the "Varanasi of the Hills".

History

 
Flag of Princely State of Mandi
 
Flag of Princely State of Suket
 
Clock Tower, Mandi, HP, India

The present District of Mandi was formed with the merger of two princely states, Mandi State and Suket State, on 15 April 1948, when the State of Himachal Pradesh was established.[24] Until the mid-20th century, Mandi was on the trade route between Yarkant County and Ladakh to Hoshiarpur and the Indian plains, served as commercial hub and trade centre.[25]

Historical events

 
Raja Bijai/Vijay Sen, 16th Raja of Mandi

The princely state of Mandi was founded by Bahu Sen in 1200 AD. But Ajbar Sen was the one who founded the historical city of Mandi in 1526 AD. The Chiefs of Mandi State are said to be the descendants of common ancestors of the Chandervanshi line of Rajputs of Sen dynasty of Bengal who claim to be the descendants of Pandavas of Mahabharata times. The present District of Mandi was formed with the merger of two princely states Mandi State and Suket (Sundernagar) on 15 April 1948, when the State of Himachal Pradesh was established. Ajbar Sen assassinated Mandi, it led to the beginning of the modern period of Mandi history. Old Mandi capital was abandoned, and the site of present capital was acquired. Some historians put the selection of present capital in the year 1527 AD. The idol of Madho Rai, the presiding deity of Mandi and incarnation of Lord Vishnu is said to be made by Goldsmith Bhima, in 1648. Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied Mandi in 1839 but Ranjit Singh died on 27 June 1839. It was beginning of the disintegration of Sikh powers in the hills and British power emerged as most powerful. In 1849, Princely states of Mandi, Suket and Chamba were put under the control of Superintendent 'Cis-Satluj States'.

Lala Lajpat Rai visited Mandi during 1906 to organize the revolutionary activities. The revolt occurred in Mandi State against the repressive, corrupt and arrogant administration of Raja Bhawani Sen and his Wazir Jiwa Nand Paddha. This revolt was led by Shobha Ram in 1909. A Prominent revolutionary of Mandi, Hardev Ram joined a revolutionary band of patriots in 1913. He went to Shanghai, America and Japan where he met Lala Hardayal and Dr. Mathura Singh. Another revolutionary of Mandi Bhai Hirda Ram started participating in revolutionary activities in 1914. He joined Ras Behari Bose, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Mathura Singh, Kartar Singh Sarba, Bhai Parma Nand and Pingle. In 1915, on the request of Sarla Devi, wife of Bhai Hirda Ram, the Viceroy converted his death sentence into life imprisonment. In the same year, Nagchala Dacoity in Mandi state took place. In Mandi's conspiracy case, Mandi revolutionary Sidhu Kharara was sentenced for seven years in 1917. Mandi Legislative Council was constituted in 1933. Swami Purna Nand of Mandi was elected as president of "Himalayan Hill states regional Council" (founded in 1945) & Pt. Padam Dev became its general secretary. The session of "Himalayan Hill states regional Council" was held at Mandi from 8 March 1946 to 10 March 1946. It was also attended by INA activists Dhillon, Sehgal and Shah Nawaz Khan. So finally, Mandi came into existence on 15 April 1948. Suraj Sen ruled over Mandi at time of Damdama Mahal of Mandi.[26]

Before independence

See also: Mandi State

The Chiefs of Mandi State are said to be the descendants of common ancestors of the Chandervanshi line of rajputs of Sen dynasty of Bengal who claim to be the descendants of Pandavas of Mahabharata times. According to the earlier accounts, Bahu Sen established an independent territory and was recognized as a Rana or local Chief. The Raja Ajber Sen, the nineteenth descendant from Bahu Sen, was considered as an able and benevolent ruler. He founded the present Mandi city around the 'Bhootnath Temple' in the early 16th century (1500 AD-1534 AD) and shifted his capital to this place from Purani Mandi. The temple of Trilokinath was also constructed during his reign. He was succeeded by Chhattar Sen who built a fort in Kalar by name Lakargarh. The successive rulers of Mandi were Shyam Sen, Gaur Sen, Sidh Sen, Shamsher Sen, Surma Sen, Ishwari Sen, Jalam Sen, Balbir Sen and Vijay Sen. Many public utility, services and facilities like schools, hospitals and post offices, etc., were started by Raja Vijay Sen during his time. He also built large number of palaces and houses. A mule road from Baijnath in District Kangra to Sultanpur in adjoining District of Kullu, via Mandi and the Victoria suspension Bridge on river Beas were constructed during his time in the year 1877. Raja Vijay Sen was issue less and left no direct heir. So in 1897, Bhawani Sen was recognized as his successor. During his period the city was considerably damaged in the earthquake of 1905. He was succeeded by Joginder Sen in April 1914 who was, however, vested with full powers of ruling chief in February 1925. During the period of his minority, Mandi remained under the management of a British officer, and a number of departments were overhauled and reorganised. Mandi being one of the oldest city is enjoying urban status since 1901. The Mandi palace popularly known as "Raj Mahal" as it looked in the past. The area where the "Sunken Garden" exists today was once a pond.[27] mandi is also known as MINI PARIS, due to wide market of clothes and fashionable people.

Predecessors and short history

See also: Rulers of Siokot and Mandi

The predecessor state of Siokot was founded in 1527. Formerly part of the Kingdom of Suket in the Punjab Hills, the dynasty traditionally goes back to 765 AD. In about 1100, Vijaya Sen had two sons, Sahu Sen who ruled over Suket and Bahu Sen who ruled over Kullu. Bahu Sen's descendants emigrated to Kullu until the tenth descendant, Kabakha Sen was killed by the Raja of Kullu and his son had to flee to Siokot, not very far from the present city of Mandi which was founded during Ajbar Sen's rule. Since 1986, HH Raja Ashokpal has been the ruler.[28]

After independence

Mandi District was formed by amalgamation of the erstwhile princely states of Mandi and Suket on the formation of Himachal Pradesh on 15 April 1948. Since then, it is serving as the district headquarters of the Mandi District. Mandi district comprises 7 Tehsils namely Joginder Nagar, Sarkaghat, Sunder Nagar, Sadar Mandi, Chachyot, Thunag, Karsog and 9 Sub-Tehsils, i.e., Ladbharol, Padher, Sandhole, Dharmpur, Makreri, Baldwara, Nihri, Kotli, Aut, Bali Chowki.

 
Area Covered by Mandi District

For the purpose of development activities, the District has been divided into 10 Blocks. The District has a total population of 9,00,987 persons as per 2001 Census and area of 3,950 km2. and covers 7.10% area of the State. The District has six cities including Pandoh as census city. These are namely Mandi, Sunder Nagar, Joginder Nagar, Rewalsar, Sarkaghat and Pandoh. Recently Mandi has become Zonal Headquarters of Central Zone, which covers the Districts of Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Kullu and Mandi itself and has gained much importance from administrative point of view.[29]

Municipal Council

Nagar Parishad Mandi was constituted during 1950. It has 13 wards consisting of 10 Revenue hadbasts. In 2020, it has now become a Municipal Corporation with 15 wards presently having population of 41375 with 14626 households.

Geography

 
The River Beas where it runs through the city of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh(Photo Taken in 2004)

Mandi is built on the banks of the Beas River, at the confluence of the Suketi Khad stream. Sikandar Dhar, Ghugar Dhar and Dhar Kot are some of the prominent hills and mountains found near the city. Mandi is located in 31°72'N latitude and 76°92'E longitude. It has an average elevation of 764 metres (2,506 feet).[30] It lies on the Midlands of the Himalayan range.[31] There is great variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal due to extreme variation in elevation. The climate varies from hot and sub-humid tropical in the southern tracts to cold, alpine and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges with more elevation.[32]

Geology

Mandi is a bowl-shaped table land on the banks of river Beas, surrounded by the high hill ranges of Gandharv Hills, Motipur Dhar, Rehra Dhar and Tarna Hill. Two small rivulets, Suketi Khad and Skodhi Khad join River Beas. Besides, the table land on the banks of river/streams, terrain is steep and hilly. Geologically, the city is located in seismic Zone No. IV near a fault line and is prone to earthquakes. As National Highway-20 Pathankot-Mandi, National Highway-21 Chandigarh-Mandi-Manali, National Highway-70 Hoshiarpur-Sarkaghat -Mandi and State Highway-32 Hoshiarpur-Mandi passes through city, it is well connected with Jogindernagar, Palampur, Pathankot, Kullu, Sundernagar, Bilaspur, Chandigarh, Rewalsar, Sarkaghat and Una. Though Mandi is an old and fast developing city yet it still retains its original charm and character.[33]

Climate

Mandi features a subtropical highland climate under the Köppen climate classification. The climate of Mandi is composite having hot summers and cold winters. Mandi generally experiences rainfalls during end of summer season. Mandi city falls in the lower most climatic zone of the Himalayas. These regions enjoys a Wet-sub temperate climate of the foothills (450–900 m) as against the Dry-cold alpine climate with snow fall at higher altitudes (2400 m – 4800 m). Temperatures typically range from 6.7 °C (44.06 °F) to 39.6 °C (103.28 °F) over the course of a year. The average temperature during summer is between 18.9 °C (66.02 °F) and 39.6 °C (103.28 °F), and between 6.7 °C (44.06 °F) and 26.2 °C (79.16 °F) in winter. Monthly precipitation varies between 25.4 millimetres (1 in) in November to 228.6 millimetres (9 in) in August. It is typically around 58.3 millimetres (2.29 in) per month during winter and spring and around 101.6 millimetres (4 in) in June as the monsoon approaches. The average total annual precipitation is 832 millimetres (32.76 in).

Climate data for Mandi, Himachal Pradesh (1961–1990, rainfall 1951–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9) 		31.3
(88.3) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.5
(103.1) 		42.1
(107.8) 		42.7
(108.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		36.7
(98.1) 		35.9
(96.6) 		33.6
(92.5) 		33.2
(91.8) 		30.2
(86.4) 		42.7
(108.9)
Average high °C (°F) 18.9
(66.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		26.0
(78.8) 		30.9
(87.6) 		34.8
(94.6) 		35.7
(96.3) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		20.4
(68.7) 		28.0
(82.4)
Average low °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		8.7
(47.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.1
(68.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		11.9
(53.4) 		6.8
(44.2) 		2.8
(37.0) 		12.1
(53.8)
Record low °C (°F) −2.7
(27.1) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.3
(39.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.5
(47.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		11.4
(52.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−2.9
(26.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 82.0
(3.23) 		66.0
(2.60) 		72.4
(2.85) 		33.8
(1.33) 		70.9
(2.79) 		164.3
(6.47) 		515.7
(20.30) 		445.8
(17.55) 		151.4
(5.96) 		33.3
(1.31) 		14.9
(0.59) 		35.1
(1.38) 		1,685.6
(66.36)
Average rainy days (≥ 2.5 mm) 4.5 4.1 4.6 3.0 3.9 7.8 15.9 16.7 7.5 1.8 1.0 2.1 72.9
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 58 54 45 44 44 49 68 74 65 60 60 72 57
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[34]
Source 2: International Scholarly Research Network[35]

Economy

Mandi is one of the fastest developing towns of Himachal Pradesh, located on cross junction of National Highway-20, 21 and 70. It acts as a gateway to Kullu, Lahaul, Leh Ladakh, area of Jammu & Kashmir. Being District headquarters, the entire District depends upon the city for trade & commerce, services and civil administration. The economy of the region is predominately agrarian as around 79% of the total population is dependent on agriculture and activities allied to it, for earning their livelihood.

Balh Valley is known for producing quality wheat, paddy, and vegetable crop where the water drainage system and sprinkle system of irrigation have been adopted. The crops of corn maize, wheat, rice and vegetables are grown in other parts of the district, which cater to the demand of sizeable population. A milk processing plant run by H.P. State Co-Operation-Milk- Federation at Chakkar is 8 kilometres from Mandi.

The people of Mandi follow an agrarian economy and cultivate rice, pulses, millets, tea, sesame seed, groundnut, sunflower oil and herbal products. Himachal Pradesh Town and Planning Department works for Mandi Planning area (MPA). More than 9,000 farmers are directly involved in cocoon cultivation for producing Silk in lower hills of Mandi District. Mandi District is also facing tough competition from China, which is marketing raw silk at much lower rates in the market.[36]

Many Hectares of land in Mandi is also under Apple production. Apples are generally planted during December every year. The area under fruit in Mandi is about 15 per cent of the total area under fruits in Himachal Pradesh. Mandi raw silk has acquired wide fame but the salt mines at Drang and Guma are the special features of the economy. With abundant deposit of salt and limestone, possibilities are being investigated for the existence of magnesite, coal and china-clay. Mandi also has fish markets where brown trout is one of the most demanded fish species. In Mandi, a farmer gets around Rs. 200 a kg for Brown Trout.[37]

Government and politics

See also: Mandi (Lok Sabha Constituency) and Mandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 
Head Post Office, Mandi

Established on 15 April 1948, the Mandi municipal council is the oldest elected body nominated by the government of Himachal Pradesh. Municipal Council of Mandi was constituted during 1950. It has 13 wards consisting of 10 Revenue Hadbasts. As of the 2017 general election, the two major political parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (in power) and the Indian National Congress (INC) (in opposition). The administrative head of the council is the Municipal commissioner who is appointed by the state government.

The city contributes one seat to the lower house of parliament (Lok Sabha). Law and order in the city is collectively maintained by the Police Department, Vigilance Department, Enforcement directorate, Forensics, Fire department, department of prisons, and Home Guard department. The Superintendent of Police of Mandi,[38] Mrs Shalini Agnihotri, heads the police department. The Deputy Commissioner of Mandi,[39] Mr. Arindam Chaudhary, is the head of District. There is one District court in the City including other courts in other towns of the district.

Transport

 
Mandi City National Highways Road Network

Local transport in Mandi is generally by auto-rickshaw, bus or private vehicles. Tourist taxis are also an option. The taxi station is located right in front of Seri Stage. Auto-rickshaws are the main means of transport in Mandi and are available almost 24 hours.

 
AutoRickshaw are the main source of tourist transportation in Mandi

The nearest airport to Mandi is the Bhuntar Airport, about 75 km from Mandi city. Mandi is connected to Pathankot through National Highway 20 which is almost 220 km (140 mi) long and to Manali and Chandigarh through National Highway 21 which is 323 km (201 mi) long.

Munish Resorts, Visco Resorts and Regent Palms Hotel are hotels and resorts in Mandi. Some other hotels are Raj Mahal, Amar Atithi, Ashoka Holiday Inn, Hotel Evening Plaza, Mandav Hotel (HPTDC), Surbhi Hotel, Hotel Yamini. Most people come to Mandi through Delhi or Chandigarh.[40]

From Delhi The distance between Delhi and Mandi is about 475 km. This distance can be covered in approximately 12 hrs by bus.

The alternative to reach Mandi from Delhi is to travel by train up to Kiratpur Sahib by Delhi-Una Himachal express (4553). From Kiratpur, there is a bus. All the buses going from Delhi and Chandigarh to Mandi have to pass through Kiratpur.[41]

Also, you can take NH 1 to Ambala and NH 22 to Chandigarh before taking NH 21 to Mandi.

From Chandigarh From Chandigarh there are buses to Mandi and Manali. The buses from Delhi pass through Chandigarh and some buses start from Chandigarh itself. The distance between Chandigarh and Mandi is 200 km. This distance can be covered in approximately 6 hrs by bus. By taxi, it may take around 5 hrs.[42]

By Air The nearest airport to Mandi is the Kullu Airport at Bhuntar, about 75 km from Mandi city. This is a small domestic airport; only small aircraft fly to Kullu. Flights to Kullu are restricted only from Delhi, and Shimla. From Delhi, flights to Kullu take about 90 minutes by Indian Airlines or Kingfisher Airlines.[43]

By Rail There is currently no railway, but one is proposed. There is a proposal to extend the Kangra Valley Railway to Mandi, and connect it to a new Bhanupli–Leh line. The nearest railway station currently is the Jogindernagar Railway Station almost 50 km from the city; this is the current terminus of the Kangra Valley Railway.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[44] City had a population of 26,858. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mandi has an average literacy rate of 83.5%, higher than the national average of 65.38% & almost equal to state's literacy rate(83.57%): male literacy is 92%, and female literacy is 75%.[45] In Mandi, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mandi had a very high sex ratio – 1013 girls for every 1000 boys in 2011. Mandi has a mixed population of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists and Christians with more than 90% population being Hindu.[1] According to census 2011, the city has a population of 26,422.[1]

Culture

 
Paintings(mid-18th century) of Mandi showing Vasudeva Carrying Krishna over the Yamuna River.
 
Painting(1740–1770) showing Shiva and Devi.

Mandi is the cultural capital of Himachal Pradesh. The people of Mandi are informally called Mandyalis. Mandeali language[46] is generally used at local level for communication. Sepu Wadi is the official and main cuisine of Mandi. Dham (Lunch)[47] is generally organised in local marriages, functions and parties. Himachal Darshan Photo Gallery[48] is situated at about 4 km from Mandi near Sauli Khad on the Chandigarh-Manali National highway. This art gallery contains a collection of photographs of exotic locations of the entire state and reflects the social & cultural heritage of the people of Himachal Pradesh. District Library is located in Emerson House (District Court).[49] Clothing in Mandi was Kurta-Pyjama for Boys and Sari-Suits for girls but with the Western Culture arriving to India, Mandi's youth have started wearing Western styles. However, there are still large numbers of people who wear the traditional clothing of Himachal Pradesh.[50] Banthra is the main folk dance performed in theatrical shows in Mandi and is the official folk dance of the District.[51][52]

The Mandi Shivaratri Fair is an international fair held in Mandi for seven days in the month of February/March every year. The celebration of Shivratri of Mandi is said to have started in the year 1526 to commemorate the foundation of present-day Mandi. Before this, the capital of Mandi was on the right bank of the river Beas, which is now known as Old Mandi (Purani Mandi). Mandi hosts a half marathon every year.

Once when the tenth guru of the Sikhs was on a visit to Mandi, the king of Mandi invited him to stay at the royal palace. The guru accepted the invitation to stay in Mandi but not with the king. He put up outside the town in a secluded place, which had once been the hermitage of a rishi (Indian sage). The guru was touched by the king's devotion and prophesied that Mandi would ever remain safe and if any enemy tries to harm it, bolts from heaven would crush the invader. He considered Mandi the safest place on the planet.[53] V.G.C. mandi hp Youth festival group 4 (one act play, skit, mime and mimicary)

Education

 
Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College

The city has anganwadis, primary schools as well as high schools. Some of the schools in the city include DAV Centenary Public School,[54] Kendriya Vidyalaya,[55] Mandi Public School, Indus Global School, The Phoenix School of Integrated Learning,[56] Vijay Government Senior Secondary School,[57] Government Senior Secondary School (Girls),[58] Sarswati Vidya Mandir nagwain., Sai Public School,[59] St. Xavier Residential School,[60] DAV Sr. Secondary School,[61] Anglo Sanskrit Model School.[62] The medical institutes in Mandi are Himachal Dental College.[63] Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College.[64] Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College,[65] T. R. Abhilashi Memorial Institute of Engineering and Technology,[66] and Vallabh Bhai Government College[67] are also located in the city. The Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, is an autonomous and top university of the state for Graduation in BTech/MTech offering many courses.

Media

Mandi has numerous newspaper publications distributed here, television and radio stations. The top Hindi language newspapers are Amar Ujala, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Devbhumi Mirror, Divya Himachal, Himachal Dastak, Jansatta, Dainik Sawera and Uttam Hindu. Magazines include Outlook, Champak. English language newspapers sold in Mandi include the Times of India, The Hindu, Hindustan Times, Indian Express and The Tribune.

Numerous Indian and international television channels can be watched in Mandi through the local cable television provider. The national television broadcaster, Doordarshan, provides many channels like DD Shimla, DD National, DD Sports, DD Sports HD.[68]

The wide range of cable channels available includes news channels such as Aaj Tak, Lokmat IBN, Zee News, Star News, NDTV 24X7, sports channels like Ten Sports, ESPN, Star Sports, Neo Sports, Neo Cricket, National entertainment channels like Colors, Sony, Zee TV and STAR Plus. Other News channels include Devbhumi Mirror News, HP 24*7, Pole Star, S-TV,[69] Wireless Communication System & GMC NETWORK NER CHOWK. Satellite television (DTH) are very rarely used. Prominent DTH entertainment services in Mandi include Dish TV, TATA Sky, Videocon TV, Reliance Big TV. There are two radio stations in Mandi. People generally use CRT, LCD, LED Televisions.[70]

Sports

Mandi is home to Bandy Federation of India which is a member of the IOC recognized Federation of International Bandy. Bandy Federation of India is Headquartered in Mandi. India has a bandy team. Bandy Federation of India takes care of Bandy in India. India is one of 7 countries in Asia and in total 29 to be a member of Federation of International Bandy.

Cricket and football are one of the most popular sports played in the city. Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium[71][72] in Mandi helds List A cricket matches.[73] It is also known as Paddal ground. It has also held All India Ranji Matches.[74] Badminton courts are made in Town Hall as well as in Paddal. Open Swimming pool is also situated near Bhiuli. There are many Snooker Pools and Table Tennis halls in city at different places. Rishi Dhawan is a cricketer from Mandi who plays for Kings XI Punjab in Indian Premier League.

Adventure tourism in Mandi has gained importance in the recent years due to its thick forest cover, picturesque hills and the splashing waters of the river Beas. Mandi offers an ideal location for all kinds of adventure sports. One such place for adventure Tourism in Mandi is Sundernagar, a small place at the edge of the valley. It is located at a height of over one thousand metres and has some of the tallest trees found in the state. The climate is colder and the tree cover makes this an ideal spot for adventure lovers to go on a nature trail. Many species of birds are seen and the walk through the trees is an amazing adventure, since walking through the dense forest and rappelling down the rocky cliff is very challenging.[75]

Janjehli, located about two hours journey from Mandi, offers treks up to 3000 metres. As the entire road is not motorable, the last part of the journey has to be covered on foot through a thick forest. Another trek from Janjheli takes you through these forests to the temple of the Shikari Devi. This temple devoted to the goddess is said to have been built at the time of the Pandavas and is roofless.[76]

The Himalayan Trout House is about five hours from Mandi, at the Tirthan valley. There is good trout fishing option in the river bed here. Here, brown trout is one of the most demanded fish species. In Mandi, a farmer gets around Rs. 200 a kg for catching Brown Trout.[37] The hydroelectric power station at Jogindernagar can be accessed via a trolley up the rocky cliff to a height of about 2500 metres. The trolley then drops down to the other side to Barot, where the reservoir is located.

Places of worship

Temples Mandi has more than 300 old and new temples. Because of the large number of temples and its location along River Beas, Mandi is also known as 'Chhoti (Small) Kashi'. Most of the temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva and the Goddess Kali. There are many classical temples which the Archaeological Survey of India has declared 'protected monuments' due to their historical significance, the primary ones being: the 'Panchvaktra Temple', situated at the confluence of River Bea and Suketi Khad, 'Ardhnareshwar Temple', which is one of very few temples of its kind in India. 'Triloknath Temple' is located on the right bank of the Beas River. The Mata Kuan Rani Temple, consisting of a slate-roofed temple over a deep well which is dedicated to the 'Princess of the Well' and celebrates the time when, according to legend, Mandarava, the Princess of Sahor (Mandi), became a consort of Padmasambhava. The king became angry and condemned them both to death in a fire which raged for seven days. After the smoke cleared there was a lake with a lotus in it, 'Rewalsar' or Tso Pema (Tibetan: 'Lotus Lake').[77]

Gurudwara Mandi has an historical Gurudwara in honour of Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru, who spent some time in Mandi. The people and the ruler welcomed him with great warmth and supported the Guru in his war against the tyrannical rule of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb; it is said that the city has the Guru's blessings. The Gurdwara is also unofficially referred to as Gurudwara Palang Sahab, because the Guru's Bed 'Palang' is still preserved here.

Mosques There are two mosques in Mandi city: one is in jail road and other is in Ramnagar (Mangwayi). There is also a mosque (Madina Mosque) near IIT Mandi North campus in Salgi village in Khanahr, 16 km from main Mandi City.

  •  

    Palace Temple

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    Tarna Temple

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    Princess Mandarava statue in Mata Kua Rani Temple

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    Bhimakali Temple

  •  

    The Gurudwara at Mandi

Hydroelectric projects and ecological damage

Commissioning of Pandoh dam in 1977 diverted 9000 cusecs of Beas river reducing the flow through Mandi thereby adversely affecting the flora and fauna. The once mighty and roaring Beas now has a deserted look in the winter.[78] The flow in Beas was further reduced in 1982 when additional waters were diverted from Uhl river in Barot to Shanan Power House.[79] The citizen council of Mandi filed a writ petition that Pandoh dam release an extra 20 percent water to revitalize the river.[80]

Notable residents

See also

Gallery

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    Mandi town

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    Victoria Bridge, Mandi closer view

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    Victoria Bridge, Mandi full view

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    Victoria Bridge, Mandi, inscription board

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    Triloknath Temple

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    Triloknath Temple

  •  

    Triloknath Temple -inner view

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    Gurudwara Palang Sahib

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    Gurudwara Palang -iner view

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    Gurudwara Palang Sahib-outer view

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    Bhimakali Temple -distant view

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    Bhimakali Temple-closer view

References

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  36. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  37. ^ a b "Fish Markets in Mandi". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.
  38. ^ "Superintendent of Police of Mandi".
  39. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  40. ^ "Hotels and Inns in Mandi".
  41. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
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  43. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  44. ^ . Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  45. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 April 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  46. ^ "Local Language of People of Mandi".
  47. ^ "Lunch organised in Local Traditional Marriages".
  48. ^ "Himachal Darshan Photo Gallery, Mandi".
  49. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  50. ^ "Traditional Clothing of Himachal Pradesh".
  51. ^ "Folk Dances in Mandi".
  52. ^ . Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  53. ^ "Guru Gobind Singh Visit to Mandi".
  54. ^ "D.A.V. Centenary Public School Mandi".
  55. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  56. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  57. ^ . Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  58. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  59. ^ "Sai Public School, Bhiuli, Mandi".
  60. ^ "St. Xavier's Residential School, Mandi".
  61. ^ "D.A.V. Senior Secondary School Mandi".
  62. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  63. ^ "Himachal Dental College, Mandi".
  64. ^ "Lal Bahadur Shastri medical college opens in Mandi, Mandi".
  65. ^ . Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  66. ^ "T. R. Abhilashi Memorial Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mandi".
  67. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  68. ^ "Himachal Pradesh Cable Operators Entertainment, Mandi".
  69. ^ "S-TV News Channel".
  70. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  71. ^ "Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium".
  72. ^ "Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium".
  73. ^ "List A Matches played on Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium". CricketArchive. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  74. ^ "First-class Matches played on Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium". CricketArchive. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  75. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  76. ^ . Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  77. ^ Stott and Dare (2009), p. 530.
  78. ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Himachal Pradesh". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  79. ^ "Central team inspects Shanan power house". tribuneindia.com. 18 December 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  80. ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Himachal Pradesh". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 7 January 2016.

Further reading

  • The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford at Clarendon Press, London. 1909.
  • Emerson (1920): Gazetteer of the Mandi State. 1920. Reprint 1996: Indus Publishing Company, Delhi. ISBN 81-7387-054-3.
  • Singh, Sarina (2009). India (Lonely Planet Country Guide) (Paperback). 13th Updated edition. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8.
  • Stott, David and Annie Dare (2009). India Handbook 2009: Tread Your Own Path. 16th Edition. Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 978-1-906098-38-4.
  • Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. II. 1st edition: Government Printing, Pujab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter IX Mandi State"", pp. 373–412.
  • Mandi: a project in a mountainous region of India, Published in 1974 by Authors Zeuner, H. Stiegler, pp. 0–70.
  • Gazetteer of the Mandi State, The Present Edition of the Mandi State Gazetteer Was Compiled By Mr. Emerson, I.C.S., Late Settlement Officer And Superintendent, A. Emerson, G.C.L Howell, H.L. Wright are the editors and the book is published by Indus Publishing, 1996. ISBN 81-7387-054-3, ISBN 978-81-7387-054-5 0–205.
  • Rough guide to India by David Abram, Edition 5, illustrated; published by Rough Guides, 2003. ISBN 1-84353-089-9, ISBN 978-1-84353-089-3 523–525.
  • Mandi area planning: principles of planning for unit areas by Institute of Regional Development Planning from University of California Digitized on 20 Feb 2009 0–74.
  • Punjab State Gazetteers: pt. A-B. Mandi and Sukut States, Volume 12, Part 1 of Punjab State Gazetteers, Punjab (India) by Superintendent, Government Printing, 1920 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008.
  • Punjab State Gazetteers: pt. B. Mandi State, Volume 36, Part 2 of Punjab State Gazetteers, Punjab (India) by Superintendent, Government Printing, 1936 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008.
  • Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 17, Part 2, Punjab District Gazetteers, Punjab (India) by Superintendent, Government Printing, 1936 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008.
  • Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 9, Gazetteer of India, Punjab District Gazetteers, Punjab (India) by Controller of Print. and Stationery, 1987.
  • Pahari paintings and Sikh portraits in the Lahore Museum by Authors F. S. Aijazuddin, Lahore Museum (Pakistan), published by Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1977 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Dec 2009. ISBN 0-85667-029-4, ISBN 978-0-85667-029-9 64–95.
  • The rajas of the Punjab: being the history of the principal states in the Punjab and their political relations with the British government by Sir Lepel Henry Griffin, Edition 2 published by Trübner & Co., 1873 from Oxford University, Digitized on 14 Nov 2007 567–579.
  • Journal of the Panjab Historical Society, Volume 7, Part 1 by Panjab Historical Society, published by Baptist Mission Press, 1918 from the University of Michigan digitized on 28 Jul 2007 1–15.
  • Spilites and spilitic rocks

International Union of Geological Sciences Series A Issue 4 of Series A Volume 4 of Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften Volume 471 of Illus. bibliographie- pp. Volume 4 of Unión Internacional de Ciencias Geológicas / Trondheim, Noruega by Gerhardt Christian Amstutz, illustrated published by Springer, 1974 from the University of Michigan, digitized on 23 Feb 2010. ISBN 0-387-06448-6, ISBN 978-0-387-06448-2 175–184.

  • Journal of scientific and industrial research, Volume 9 by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (India), 1950 from the University of Michigan digitized on 18 May 2009 119–122.
  • Inventory of monuments and sites of national importance, Volume 1, Part 2 by Jagat Pati Joshi, Archaeological Survey of India,1998 from the University of Michigan digitized on 3 Sep 2008 117–120.
  • Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 38, Pub. by order of the Governor-General of India, 1981 from the University of Michigan digitized on 19 Oct 2006 44–53.
  • Monthly commentary on Indian economic conditions, Volume 9 by Indian Institute of Public Opinion., 1967 from the University of Michigan digitized on 8 Apr 2011 7–13.
  • Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Volume 1

Volume 38; Volume 50 of Archæological survey of India New imperial series Archaeological survey of India. [Reports] new imperial series, Archaeological Survey of India Antiquities of Indian Tibet, August Hermann Francke Volume 38 of Reports: New imperial series, Archaeological Survey of India published by Superintendent government printing, India, 1914 122–123.

  • District Handbook, Himachal Pradesh: Mandi

Volume 2 of District Handbook, Himachal Pradesh, India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh by India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh from the University of Michigan digitized on 9 Jun 2011.

  • Mandi State, statistical tables by The Mufid-i-'am Press, 1913 0–43.
  • Mandi state by The "Civil and Military Gazette" Press, 1908 0–88.
  • Himalayan geology, Volume 11 by Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology., 1983 from the University of Michigan digitized on 14 Apr 2010 93–100.
  • Himalayan art

SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project by Joseph Charles French published by Oxford university press, 1931 from Indiana University digitized on 22 Jul 2009 18–23.

  • Mandi and Suket States 1912

Punjab District Gazetteers Volume 12 of Statistical tables published in 1913

External links

  • Official site of the Municipal Council of Mandi 8 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  •   Mandi travel guide from Wikivoyage

January 06, 2023
mandi, himachal, pradesh, this, article, about, city, india, namesake, district, mandi, district, mandi, formerly, known, mandav, nagar, also, known, sahor, major, city, municipal, corporation, mandi, district, indian, state, himachal, pradesh, mandi, choti, k. This article is about the city in India For its namesake district see Mandi district Mandi formerly known as Mandav Nagar 3 4 also known as Sahor is a major city and a municipal corporation in Mandi District in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh Mandi Choti KashiCityFrom top left to right Victoria Bridge Mandi town Panchvaktra Temple amp Prashar lakeNickname s Choti Kashi Varanasi of HillsMandiShow map of Himachal PradeshMandiShow map of IndiaCoordinates 31 42 25 N 76 55 54 E 31 70694 N 76 93167 E 31 70694 76 93167 Coordinates 31 42 25 N 76 55 54 E 31 70694 N 76 93167 E 31 70694 76 93167Country IndiaStateHimachal PradeshDistrictMandiMunicipalityMandiEstablished1527Founded byAjbar SenTalukasMandi SadarGovernment TypeMunicipal Corporation of Mandi Deputy CommissionerSh Arindam Chaudhary IAS Superintendent of policeShalini Agnihotri IPSElevation760 m 2 490 ft Population 2011 1 Total26 422 Rank6 in HPLanguages OfficialHindi RegionalMandealiEthnicity Ethnic groupsMandyaliTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST PIN175 001Telephone code91 01905Vehicle registrationHP 28 HP 29 HP 30 HP 31 HP 32 HP 33 HP 65 HP 76 HP 82 HP 86 HP 87Nearest citySundernagarSex ratio1000 1013 2nd in HP Literacy83 5 Lok Sabha constituencyMandi Lok Sabha Constituency Planning agencyTown and Country Planning Department Himachal Pradesh IndiaCivic agencyMunicipal Corporation of MandiPresent KingHH Raja Ashokpal SenClimateCwaPrecipitation1 380 millimetres 54 in Avg annual temperature24 C 75 F Avg summer temperature35 C 95 F Avg winter temperature17 C 63 F Websitehpmandi wbr gov wbr in The Mandi Planning area also includes some portions of Mandi District 2 It is situated 145 kilometres 90 mi north of state capital Shimla 5 in the north west Himalayas at an average altitude of 880 metres 6 and experiences pleasant summers and cold winters Mandi is connected to the Pathankot through National Highway 20 which is almost 220 km 140 mi long and to Manali and Chandigarh through National Highway 21 which is 323 km 201 mi long Mandi is approximately 184 6 km 114 7 mi from Chandigarh 7 the nearest major city and 440 9 km 273 9 mi from New Delhi 8 the national capital In the 2011 Indian census Mandi city had a population of 26 422 1 Mandi district is currently the 2nd largest economy in the state next to Kangra Mandi in the state is having second highest sex ratio of 1013 females per thousand males It serves as the headquarters of Mandi District and Zonal Headquarters of central zone including Districts namely Kullu Bilaspur and Hamirpur As a tourist place Mandi is often referred to as Varanasi of Hills 9 or Choti Kashi 10 or Kashi of Himachal Also Mandi is the starting point for a trek of the region Prashar lake trek From Mandi trekkers go to Bagi village which serves as the base village for Prashar lake Indian Institute of Technology IIT Mandi is a premier institute located 15 kilometres 9 3 mi from Mandi town 11 This one time capital of the princely state of Mandi is a fast developing city that still retains much of its original charm and character The city was established in 1527 by Ajbar Sen 12 as the seat of the Mandi State a princely state till 1948 Foundation of the city was laid on the establishment of Himachal Pradesh in early 1948 Today it is widely known for the International Mandi Shivaratri Fair First heritage city of Himachal Pradesh The city also has the remains of old palaces and notable examples of colonial architecture The city had one of the oldest buildings of Himachal Pradesh Contents 1 Origin of name 2 History 2 1 Historical events 2 2 Before independence 2 3 Predecessors and short history 2 4 After independence 2 5 Municipal Council 3 Geography 3 1 Geology 3 2 Climate 4 Economy 5 Government and politics 6 Transport 7 Demographics 8 Culture 9 Education 10 Media 11 Sports 12 Places of worship 13 Hydroelectric projects and ecological damage 14 Notable residents 15 See also 15 1 Gallery 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External linksOrigin of name EditSee also Renaming of cities in India The name mandi and the former name Mandav Nagar 13 14 15 has its roots from Great Sage Rishi Mandav who prayed in this area and the rocks turned black due to the severity of his penance Alternatively the name may have been derived from the common word mandi 16 which means market 17 in Hindi It may possibly be connected with the Sanskrit root mandaptika meaning an open hall or shed 18 19 While the city s name has always been pronounced mŋɖɪ in the local language the anglicized version Mandav Nagar was the official name until it was changed to Mandi 20 This change is now the most widely used name for the city 21 Mandi is renowned for its 81 ancient old stone Shaivite temples 22 23 and their enormous range of fine carving Because of this it is also often called the Varanasi of the Hills History Edit Flag of Princely State of Mandi Flag of Princely State of Suket Clock Tower Mandi HP India The present District of Mandi was formed with the merger of two princely states Mandi State and Suket State on 15 April 1948 when the State of Himachal Pradesh was established 24 Until the mid 20th century Mandi was on the trade route between Yarkant County and Ladakh to Hoshiarpur and the Indian plains served as commercial hub and trade centre 25 Historical events Edit Raja Bijai Vijay Sen 16th Raja of Mandi The princely state of Mandi was founded by Bahu Sen in 1200 AD But Ajbar Sen was the one who founded the historical city of Mandi in 1526 AD The Chiefs of Mandi State are said to be the descendants of common ancestors of the Chandervanshi line of Rajputs of Sen dynasty of Bengal who claim to be the descendants of Pandavas of Mahabharata times The present District of Mandi was formed with the merger of two princely states Mandi State and Suket Sundernagar on 15 April 1948 when the State of Himachal Pradesh was established Ajbar Sen assassinated Mandi it led to the beginning of the modern period of Mandi history Old Mandi capital was abandoned and the site of present capital was acquired Some historians put the selection of present capital in the year 1527 AD The idol of Madho Rai the presiding deity of Mandi and incarnation of Lord Vishnu is said to be made by Goldsmith Bhima in 1648 Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied Mandi in 1839 but Ranjit Singh died on 27 June 1839 It was beginning of the disintegration of Sikh powers in the hills and British power emerged as most powerful In 1849 Princely states of Mandi Suket and Chamba were put under the control of Superintendent Cis Satluj States Lala Lajpat Rai visited Mandi during 1906 to organize the revolutionary activities The revolt occurred in Mandi State against the repressive corrupt and arrogant administration of Raja Bhawani Sen and his Wazir Jiwa Nand Paddha This revolt was led by Shobha Ram in 1909 A Prominent revolutionary of Mandi Hardev Ram joined a revolutionary band of patriots in 1913 He went to Shanghai America and Japan where he met Lala Hardayal and Dr Mathura Singh Another revolutionary of Mandi Bhai Hirda Ram started participating in revolutionary activities in 1914 He joined Ras Behari Bose Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar Mathura Singh Kartar Singh Sarba Bhai Parma Nand and Pingle In 1915 on the request of Sarla Devi wife of Bhai Hirda Ram the Viceroy converted his death sentence into life imprisonment In the same year Nagchala Dacoity in Mandi state took place In Mandi s conspiracy case Mandi revolutionary Sidhu Kharara was sentenced for seven years in 1917 Mandi Legislative Council was constituted in 1933 Swami Purna Nand of Mandi was elected as president of Himalayan Hill states regional Council founded in 1945 amp Pt Padam Dev became its general secretary The session of Himalayan Hill states regional Council was held at Mandi from 8 March 1946 to 10 March 1946 It was also attended by INA activists Dhillon Sehgal and Shah Nawaz Khan So finally Mandi came into existence on 15 April 1948 Suraj Sen ruled over Mandi at time of Damdama Mahal of Mandi 26 Before independence Edit See also Mandi State The Chiefs of Mandi State are said to be the descendants of common ancestors of the Chandervanshi line of rajputs of Sen dynasty of Bengal who claim to be the descendants of Pandavas of Mahabharata times According to the earlier accounts Bahu Sen established an independent territory and was recognized as a Rana or local Chief The Raja Ajber Sen the nineteenth descendant from Bahu Sen was considered as an able and benevolent ruler He founded the present Mandi city around the Bhootnath Temple in the early 16th century 1500 AD 1534 AD and shifted his capital to this place from Purani Mandi The temple of Trilokinath was also constructed during his reign He was succeeded by Chhattar Sen who built a fort in Kalar by name Lakargarh The successive rulers of Mandi were Shyam Sen Gaur Sen Sidh Sen Shamsher Sen Surma Sen Ishwari Sen Jalam Sen Balbir Sen and Vijay Sen Many public utility services and facilities like schools hospitals and post offices etc were started by Raja Vijay Sen during his time He also built large number of palaces and houses A mule road from Baijnath in District Kangra to Sultanpur in adjoining District of Kullu via Mandi and the Victoria suspension Bridge on river Beas were constructed during his time in the year 1877 Raja Vijay Sen was issue less and left no direct heir So in 1897 Bhawani Sen was recognized as his successor During his period the city was considerably damaged in the earthquake of 1905 He was succeeded by Joginder Sen in April 1914 who was however vested with full powers of ruling chief in February 1925 During the period of his minority Mandi remained under the management of a British officer and a number of departments were overhauled and reorganised Mandi being one of the oldest city is enjoying urban status since 1901 The Mandi palace popularly known as Raj Mahal as it looked in the past The area where the Sunken Garden exists today was once a pond 27 mandi is also known as MINI PARIS due to wide market of clothes and fashionable people Predecessors and short history Edit See also Rulers of Siokot and Mandi The predecessor state of Siokot was founded in 1527 Formerly part of the Kingdom of Suket in the Punjab Hills the dynasty traditionally goes back to 765 AD In about 1100 Vijaya Sen had two sons Sahu Sen who ruled over Suket and Bahu Sen who ruled over Kullu Bahu Sen s descendants emigrated to Kullu until the tenth descendant Kabakha Sen was killed by the Raja of Kullu and his son had to flee to Siokot not very far from the present city of Mandi which was founded during Ajbar Sen s rule Since 1986 HH Raja Ashokpal has been the ruler 28 After independence EditMandi District was formed by amalgamation of the erstwhile princely states of Mandi and Suket on the formation of Himachal Pradesh on 15 April 1948 Since then it is serving as the district headquarters of the Mandi District Mandi district comprises 7 Tehsils namely Joginder Nagar Sarkaghat Sunder Nagar Sadar Mandi Chachyot Thunag Karsog and 9 Sub Tehsils i e Ladbharol Padher Sandhole Dharmpur Makreri Baldwara Nihri Kotli Aut Bali Chowki Area Covered by Mandi District For the purpose of development activities the District has been divided into 10 Blocks The District has a total population of 9 00 987 persons as per 2001 Census and area of 3 950 km2 and covers 7 10 area of the State The District has six cities including Pandoh as census city These are namely Mandi Sunder Nagar Joginder Nagar Rewalsar Sarkaghat and Pandoh Recently Mandi has become Zonal Headquarters of Central Zone which covers the Districts of Bilaspur Hamirpur Kullu and Mandi itself and has gained much importance from administrative point of view 29 Municipal Council Edit Nagar Parishad Mandi was constituted during 1950 It has 13 wards consisting of 10 Revenue hadbasts In 2020 it has now become a Municipal Corporation with 15 wards presently having population of 41375 with 14626 households Geography Edit The River Beas where it runs through the city of Mandi Himachal Pradesh Photo Taken in 2004 Mandi is built on the banks of the Beas River at the confluence of the Suketi Khad stream Sikandar Dhar Ghugar Dhar and Dhar Kot are some of the prominent hills and mountains found near the city Mandi is located in 31 72 N latitude and 76 92 E longitude It has an average elevation of 764 metres 2 506 feet 30 It lies on the Midlands of the Himalayan range 31 There is great variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal due to extreme variation in elevation The climate varies from hot and sub humid tropical in the southern tracts to cold alpine and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges with more elevation 32 Geology Edit Mandi is a bowl shaped table land on the banks of river Beas surrounded by the high hill ranges of Gandharv Hills Motipur Dhar Rehra Dhar and Tarna Hill Two small rivulets Suketi Khad and Skodhi Khad join River Beas Besides the table land on the banks of river streams terrain is steep and hilly Geologically the city is located in seismic Zone No IV near a fault line and is prone to earthquakes As National Highway 20 Pathankot Mandi National Highway 21 Chandigarh Mandi Manali National Highway 70 Hoshiarpur Sarkaghat Mandi and State Highway 32 Hoshiarpur Mandi passes through city it is well connected with Jogindernagar Palampur Pathankot Kullu Sundernagar Bilaspur Chandigarh Rewalsar Sarkaghat and Una Though Mandi is an old and fast developing city yet it still retains its original charm and character 33 Climate Edit Mandi features a subtropical highland climate under the Koppen climate classification The climate of Mandi is composite having hot summers and cold winters Mandi generally experiences rainfalls during end of summer season Mandi city falls in the lower most climatic zone of the Himalayas These regions enjoys a Wet sub temperate climate of the foothills 450 900 m as against the Dry cold alpine climate with snow fall at higher altitudes 2400 m 4800 m Temperatures typically range from 6 7 C 44 06 F to 39 6 C 103 28 F over the course of a year The average temperature during summer is between 18 9 C 66 02 F and 39 6 C 103 28 F and between 6 7 C 44 06 F and 26 2 C 79 16 F in winter Monthly precipitation varies between 25 4 millimetres 1 in in November to 228 6 millimetres 9 in in August It is typically around 58 3 millimetres 2 29 in per month during winter and spring and around 101 6 millimetres 4 in in June as the monsoon approaches The average total annual precipitation is 832 millimetres 32 76 in Climate data for Mandi Himachal Pradesh 1961 1990 rainfall 1951 2000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 27 7 81 9 31 3 88 3 39 0 102 2 39 5 103 1 42 1 107 8 42 7 108 9 40 0 104 0 36 7 98 1 35 9 96 6 33 6 92 5 33 2 91 8 30 2 86 4 42 7 108 9 Average high C F 18 9 66 0 21 0 69 8 26 0 78 8 30 9 87 6 34 8 94 6 35 7 96 3 32 2 90 0 31 3 88 3 30 9 87 6 29 3 84 7 25 1 77 2 20 4 68 7 28 0 82 4 Average low C F 2 3 36 1 3 9 39 0 8 7 47 7 13 6 56 5 17 3 63 1 19 5 67 1 20 7 69 3 20 1 68 2 17 8 64 0 11 9 53 4 6 8 44 2 2 8 37 0 12 1 53 8 Record low C F 2 7 27 1 2 0 28 4 0 0 32 0 4 3 39 7 5 4 41 7 8 5 47 3 12 0 53 6 11 4 52 5 9 7 49 5 4 3 39 7 1 0 33 8 2 9 26 8 2 9 26 8 Average rainfall mm inches 82 0 3 23 66 0 2 60 72 4 2 85 33 8 1 33 70 9 2 79 164 3 6 47 515 7 20 30 445 8 17 55 151 4 5 96 33 3 1 31 14 9 0 59 35 1 1 38 1 685 6 66 36 Average rainy days 2 5 mm 4 5 4 1 4 6 3 0 3 9 7 8 15 9 16 7 7 5 1 8 1 0 2 1 72 9Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 58 54 45 44 44 49 68 74 65 60 60 72 57Source 1 India Meteorological Department 34 Source 2 International Scholarly Research Network 35 Economy EditMandi is one of the fastest developing towns of Himachal Pradesh located on cross junction of National Highway 20 21 and 70 It acts as a gateway to Kullu Lahaul Leh Ladakh area of Jammu amp Kashmir Being District headquarters the entire District depends upon the city for trade amp commerce services and civil administration The economy of the region is predominately agrarian as around 79 of the total population is dependent on agriculture and activities allied to it for earning their livelihood Balh Valley is known for producing quality wheat paddy and vegetable crop where the water drainage system and sprinkle system of irrigation have been adopted The crops of corn maize wheat rice and vegetables are grown in other parts of the district which cater to the demand of sizeable population A milk processing plant run by H P State Co Operation Milk Federation at Chakkar is 8 kilometres from Mandi The people of Mandi follow an agrarian economy and cultivate rice pulses millets tea sesame seed groundnut sunflower oil and herbal products Himachal Pradesh Town and Planning Department works for Mandi Planning area MPA More than 9 000 farmers are directly involved in cocoon cultivation for producing Silk in lower hills of Mandi District Mandi District is also facing tough competition from China which is marketing raw silk at much lower rates in the market 36 Many Hectares of land in Mandi is also under Apple production Apples are generally planted during December every year The area under fruit in Mandi is about 15 per cent of the total area under fruits in Himachal Pradesh Mandi raw silk has acquired wide fame but the salt mines at Drang and Guma are the special features of the economy With abundant deposit of salt and limestone possibilities are being investigated for the existence of magnesite coal and china clay Mandi also has fish markets where brown trout is one of the most demanded fish species In Mandi a farmer gets around Rs 200 a kg for Brown Trout 37 Government and politics EditSee also Mandi Lok Sabha Constituency and Mandi Vidhan Sabha constituency Head Post Office Mandi Established on 15 April 1948 the Mandi municipal council is the oldest elected body nominated by the government of Himachal Pradesh Municipal Council of Mandi was constituted during 1950 It has 13 wards consisting of 10 Revenue Hadbasts As of the 2017 general election the two major political parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP in power and the Indian National Congress INC in opposition The administrative head of the council is the Municipal commissioner who is appointed by the state government The city contributes one seat to the lower house of parliament Lok Sabha Law and order in the city is collectively maintained by the Police Department Vigilance Department Enforcement directorate Forensics Fire department department of prisons and Home Guard department The Superintendent of Police of Mandi 38 Mrs Shalini Agnihotri heads the police department The Deputy Commissioner of Mandi 39 Mr Arindam Chaudhary is the head of District There is one District court in the City including other courts in other towns of the district Transport Edit Mandi City National Highways Road Network Local transport in Mandi is generally by auto rickshaw bus or private vehicles Tourist taxis are also an option The taxi station is located right in front of Seri Stage Auto rickshaws are the main means of transport in Mandi and are available almost 24 hours AutoRickshaw are the main source of tourist transportation in Mandi The nearest airport to Mandi is the Bhuntar Airport about 75 km from Mandi city Mandi is connected to Pathankot through National Highway 20 which is almost 220 km 140 mi long and to Manali and Chandigarh through National Highway 21 which is 323 km 201 mi long Munish Resorts Visco Resorts and Regent Palms Hotel are hotels and resorts in Mandi Some other hotels are Raj Mahal Amar Atithi Ashoka Holiday Inn Hotel Evening Plaza Mandav Hotel HPTDC Surbhi Hotel Hotel Yamini Most people come to Mandi through Delhi or Chandigarh 40 From Delhi The distance between Delhi and Mandi is about 475 km This distance can be covered in approximately 12 hrs by bus The alternative to reach Mandi from Delhi is to travel by train up to Kiratpur Sahib by Delhi Una Himachal express 4553 From Kiratpur there is a bus All the buses going from Delhi and Chandigarh to Mandi have to pass through Kiratpur 41 Also you can take NH 1 to Ambala and NH 22 to Chandigarh before taking NH 21 to Mandi From Chandigarh From Chandigarh there are buses to Mandi and Manali The buses from Delhi pass through Chandigarh and some buses start from Chandigarh itself The distance between Chandigarh and Mandi is 200 km This distance can be covered in approximately 6 hrs by bus By taxi it may take around 5 hrs 42 By Air The nearest airport to Mandi is the Kullu Airport at Bhuntar about 75 km from Mandi city This is a small domestic airport only small aircraft fly to Kullu Flights to Kullu are restricted only from Delhi and Shimla From Delhi flights to Kullu take about 90 minutes by Indian Airlines or Kingfisher Airlines 43 By Rail There is currently no railway but one is proposed There is a proposal to extend the Kangra Valley Railway to Mandi and connect it to a new Bhanupli Leh line The nearest railway station currently is the Jogindernagar Railway Station almost 50 km from the city this is the current terminus of the Kangra Valley Railway Demographics EditAs of 2001 update India census 44 City had a population of 26 858 Males constitute 53 of the population and females 47 Mandi has an average literacy rate of 83 5 higher than the national average of 65 38 amp almost equal to state s literacy rate 83 57 male literacy is 92 and female literacy is 75 45 In Mandi 11 of the population is under 6 years of age Mandi had a very high sex ratio 1013 girls for every 1000 boys in 2011 Mandi has a mixed population of Hindus Muslims Sikhs Buddhists and Christians with more than 90 population being Hindu 1 According to census 2011 the city has a population of 26 422 1 Culture Edit Paintings mid 18th century of Mandi showing Vasudeva Carrying Krishna over the Yamuna River Painting 1740 1770 showing Shiva and Devi Mandi is the cultural capital of Himachal Pradesh The people of Mandi are informally called Mandyalis Mandeali language 46 is generally used at local level for communication Sepu Wadi is the official and main cuisine of Mandi Dham Lunch 47 is generally organised in local marriages functions and parties Himachal Darshan Photo Gallery 48 is situated at about 4 km from Mandi near Sauli Khad on the Chandigarh Manali National highway This art gallery contains a collection of photographs of exotic locations of the entire state and reflects the social amp cultural heritage of the people of Himachal Pradesh District Library is located in Emerson House District Court 49 Clothing in Mandi was Kurta Pyjama for Boys and Sari Suits for girls but with the Western Culture arriving to India Mandi s youth have started wearing Western styles However there are still large numbers of people who wear the traditional clothing of Himachal Pradesh 50 Banthra is the main folk dance performed in theatrical shows in Mandi and is the official folk dance of the District 51 52 The Mandi Shivaratri Fair is an international fair held in Mandi for seven days in the month of February March every year The celebration of Shivratri of Mandi is said to have started in the year 1526 to commemorate the foundation of present day Mandi Before this the capital of Mandi was on the right bank of the river Beas which is now known as Old Mandi Purani Mandi Mandi hosts a half marathon every year Once when the tenth guru of the Sikhs was on a visit to Mandi the king of Mandi invited him to stay at the royal palace The guru accepted the invitation to stay in Mandi but not with the king He put up outside the town in a secluded place which had once been the hermitage of a rishi Indian sage The guru was touched by the king s devotion and prophesied that Mandi would ever remain safe and if any enemy tries to harm it bolts from heaven would crush the invader He considered Mandi the safest place on the planet 53 V G C mandi hp Youth festival group 4 one act play skit mime and mimicary Education Edit Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College The city has anganwadis primary schools as well as high schools Some of the schools in the city include DAV Centenary Public School 54 Kendriya Vidyalaya 55 Mandi Public School Indus Global School The Phoenix School of Integrated Learning 56 Vijay Government Senior Secondary School 57 Government Senior Secondary School Girls 58 Sarswati Vidya Mandir nagwain Sai Public School 59 St Xavier Residential School 60 DAV Sr Secondary School 61 Anglo Sanskrit Model School 62 The medical institutes in Mandi are Himachal Dental College 63 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College 64 Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College 65 T R Abhilashi Memorial Institute of Engineering and Technology 66 and Vallabh Bhai Government College 67 are also located in the city The Indian Institute of Technology Mandi is an autonomous and top university of the state for Graduation in BTech MTech offering many courses Media EditMandi has numerous newspaper publications distributed here television and radio stations The top Hindi language newspapers are Amar Ujala Punjab Kesari Dainik Bhaskar Dainik Jagran Devbhumi Mirror Divya Himachal Himachal Dastak Jansatta Dainik Sawera and Uttam Hindu Magazines include Outlook Champak English language newspapers sold in Mandi include the Times of India The Hindu Hindustan Times Indian Express and The Tribune Numerous Indian and international television channels can be watched in Mandi through the local cable television provider The national television broadcaster Doordarshan provides many channels like DD Shimla DD National DD Sports DD Sports HD 68 The wide range of cable channels available includes news channels such as Aaj Tak Lokmat IBN Zee News Star News NDTV 24X7 sports channels like Ten Sports ESPN Star Sports Neo Sports Neo Cricket National entertainment channels like Colors Sony Zee TV and STAR Plus Other News channels include Devbhumi Mirror News HP 24 7 Pole Star S TV 69 Wireless Communication System amp GMC NETWORK NER CHOWK Satellite television DTH are very rarely used Prominent DTH entertainment services in Mandi include Dish TV TATA Sky Videocon TV Reliance Big TV There are two radio stations in Mandi People generally use CRT LCD LED Televisions 70 Sports EditMandi is home to Bandy Federation of India which is a member of the IOC recognized Federation of International Bandy Bandy Federation of India is Headquartered in Mandi India has a bandy team Bandy Federation of India takes care of Bandy in India India is one of 7 countries in Asia and in total 29 to be a member of Federation of International Bandy Cricket and football are one of the most popular sports played in the city Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium 71 72 in Mandi helds List A cricket matches 73 It is also known as Paddal ground It has also held All India Ranji Matches 74 Badminton courts are made in Town Hall as well as in Paddal Open Swimming pool is also situated near Bhiuli There are many Snooker Pools and Table Tennis halls in city at different places Rishi Dhawan is a cricketer from Mandi who plays for Kings XI Punjab in Indian Premier League Adventure tourism in Mandi has gained importance in the recent years due to its thick forest cover picturesque hills and the splashing waters of the river Beas Mandi offers an ideal location for all kinds of adventure sports One such place for adventure Tourism in Mandi is Sundernagar a small place at the edge of the valley It is located at a height of over one thousand metres and has some of the tallest trees found in the state The climate is colder and the tree cover makes this an ideal spot for adventure lovers to go on a nature trail Many species of birds are seen and the walk through the trees is an amazing adventure since walking through the dense forest and rappelling down the rocky cliff is very challenging 75 Janjehli located about two hours journey from Mandi offers treks up to 3000 metres As the entire road is not motorable the last part of the journey has to be covered on foot through a thick forest Another trek from Janjheli takes you through these forests to the temple of the Shikari Devi This temple devoted to the goddess is said to have been built at the time of the Pandavas and is roofless 76 The Himalayan Trout House is about five hours from Mandi at the Tirthan valley There is good trout fishing option in the river bed here Here brown trout is one of the most demanded fish species In Mandi a farmer gets around Rs 200 a kg for catching Brown Trout 37 The hydroelectric power station at Jogindernagar can be accessed via a trolley up the rocky cliff to a height of about 2500 metres The trolley then drops down to the other side to Barot where the reservoir is located Places of worship EditTemples Mandi has more than 300 old and new temples Because of the large number of temples and its location along River Beas Mandi is also known as Chhoti Small Kashi Most of the temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva and the Goddess Kali There are many classical temples which the Archaeological Survey of India has declared protected monuments due to their historical significance the primary ones being the Panchvaktra Temple situated at the confluence of River Bea and Suketi Khad Ardhnareshwar Temple which is one of very few temples of its kind in India Triloknath Temple is located on the right bank of the Beas River The Mata Kuan Rani Temple consisting of a slate roofed temple over a deep well which is dedicated to the Princess of the Well and celebrates the time when according to legend Mandarava the Princess of Sahor Mandi became a consort of Padmasambhava The king became angry and condemned them both to death in a fire which raged for seven days After the smoke cleared there was a lake with a lotus in it Rewalsar or Tso Pema Tibetan Lotus Lake 77 Gurudwara Mandi has an historical Gurudwara in honour of Guru Gobind Singh the 10th Sikh Guru who spent some time in Mandi The people and the ruler welcomed him with great warmth and supported the Guru in his war against the tyrannical rule of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb it is said that the city has the Guru s blessings The Gurdwara is also unofficially referred to as Gurudwara Palang Sahab because the Guru s Bed Palang is still preserved here Mosques There are two mosques in Mandi city one is in jail road and other is in Ramnagar Mangwayi There is also a mosque Madina Mosque near IIT Mandi North campus in Salgi village in Khanahr 16 km from main Mandi City Palace Temple Tarna Temple Princess Mandarava statue in Mata Kua Rani Temple Bhimakali Temple The Gurudwara at MandiHydroelectric projects and ecological damage EditCommissioning of Pandoh dam in 1977 diverted 9000 cusecs of Beas river reducing the flow through Mandi thereby adversely affecting the flora and fauna The once mighty and roaring Beas now has a deserted look in the winter 78 The flow in Beas was further reduced in 1982 when additional waters were diverted from Uhl river in Barot to Shanan Power House 79 The citizen council of Mandi filed a writ petition that Pandoh dam release an extra 20 percent water to revitalize the river 80 Notable residents EditKangana Ranaut Bollywood actress Jai Ram Thakur current CM BJP in Himachal Pradesh and former President of BJP of the state Kaul Singh Thakur current present President of the state Indian National Congress Committee Rishi Dhawan an all rounder from Himachal Pradesh cricket teamSee also EditShaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium TCV Suja IIT MandiGallery Edit Mandi town Victoria Bridge Mandi closer view Victoria Bridge Mandi full view Victoria Bridge Mandi inscription board Triloknath Temple Triloknath Temple Triloknath Temple inner view Gurudwara Palang Sahib Gurudwara Palang iner view Gurudwara Palang Sahib outer view Bhimakali Temple distant view Bhimakali Temple closer viewReferences Edit a b c d Mandi Population Census 2011 Census2011 Retrieved 31 May 2016 Mandi Planning Area in Hectares PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Emerson A l Howell G C Wright H L 1996 Gazetteer of the Mandi State p 21 ISBN 9788173870545 All About the Mandi City Archived from the original on 27 December 2011 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Distance of Shimla from Mandi by Road Archived from the original on 20 March 2015 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Geography of Mandi Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Distance of Chandigarh from Mandi Archived from the original on 6 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Distance of New Delhi from Mandi Archived from the original on 6 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Mandi Popular Names Mandi Popular Names Indian Institute of Technology IIT Mandi Imperial p 152 Etymology Old name Archived from the original on 27 December 2011 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Etymology Old name Archived from the original on 11 May 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2012 Etymology Old name Archived from the original on 11 January 2012 Retrieved 3 January 2012 81 Old temples Archived from the original on 14 March 2016 Retrieved 3 January 2012 Sabzi Mandi Vegetable Market Etymology of Mandi City Archived from the original on 12 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Mandaptika Archived from the original on 26 April 2012 Retrieved 3 January 2012 Mandaptika Archived from the original on 15 April 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2012 81 Old temples Singh p 347 Singh Sarina 15 September 2010 81 Old temples ISBN 9781742203478 History of Mandi Archived from the original on 7 April 2011 Retrieved 30 November 2010 Emerson 1920 p 21 Attri Rajender 2000 Sarla Publications Presents General Knowledge of Himachal Pradesh 1st Edition 2011 ISBN 81 901192 0 6 Mandi Before Independence PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 History of Rulers of Mandi Mandi After Independence PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Geography of Mandi Geography of Mandi according to Himachal Pradesh Town and Country Planning Department PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Emerson A l Howell G C Wright H L 1996 Geography of Mandi according to Gazetteer of Mandi State ISBN 9788173870545 Emerson A l Howell G C Wright H L 1996 Geology of Mandi according to the Gazetteer of Mandi State ISBN 9788173870545 Climate of Himachal Pradesh PDF Climatological Summaries of States Series No 15 India Meteorological Department January 2010 pp 69 75 Archived PDF from the original on 20 February 2020 Retrieved 8 March 2020 Solar Potential in the Himalayan Landscape Retrieved 4 May 2013 Agrarian Economy Archived from the original on 17 May 2012 Retrieved 22 December 2011 a b Fish Markets in Mandi Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 Superintendent of Police of Mandi Deputy Commissioner of Mandi Archived from the original on 2 May 2018 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Hotels and Inns in Mandi How to reach from Delhi Archived from the original on 6 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 How to reach from Chandigarh Archived from the original on 6 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 How to reach by air Archived from the original on 6 January 2012 Retrieved 27 December 2011 Census of India 2001 Data from the 2001 Census including cities villages and towns Provisional Census Commission of India Archived from the original on 16 June 2004 Retrieved 1 November 2008 Himachal Census Archived from the original on 17 April 2007 Retrieved 4 May 2007 Local Language of People of Mandi Lunch organised in Local Traditional Marriages Himachal Darshan Photo Gallery Mandi Law and Order Emerson House District Court Archived from the original on 20 March 2016 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Traditional Clothing of Himachal Pradesh Folk Dances in Mandi Folk Dances in Himachal Pradesh Archived from the original on 5 May 2012 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Guru Gobind Singh Visit to Mandi D A V Centenary Public School Mandi Kendriya Vidyalaya Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 28 December 2011 The Phoenix School of Integrated Learning Archived from the original on 20 April 2017 Retrieved 4 October 2016 History of Bijai Senior Secondary Government School Archived from the original on 7 April 2012 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Government Girls Senior Secondary School Mandi Archived from the original on 21 October 2016 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Sai Public School Bhiuli Mandi St Xavier s Residential School Mandi D A V Senior Secondary School Mandi Anglo Sanskrit Model Senior Secondary School Mandi Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Himachal Dental College Mandi Lal Bahadur Shastri medical college opens in Mandi Mandi Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College Sunder Nagar Mandi Archived from the original on 13 May 2012 Retrieved 28 December 2011 T R Abhilashi Memorial Institute of Engineering and Technology Mandi Vallabh Bhai Government Engineering College the First University in Himachal Pradesh Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Himachal Pradesh Cable Operators Entertainment Mandi S TV News Channel Media in Himachal Pradesh Archived from the original on 22 September 2017 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium List A Matches played on Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium CricketArchive Retrieved 29 October 2011 First class Matches played on Shaheed Krishan Chand Memorial Stadium CricketArchive Retrieved 29 October 2011 Adventure Tourism in Mandi Archived from the original on 22 September 2017 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Janjehli Mandi Archived from the original on 4 May 2018 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Stott and Dare 2009 p 530 The Tribune Chandigarh India Himachal Pradesh www tribuneindia com Retrieved 7 January 2016 Central team inspects Shanan power house tribuneindia com 18 December 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2016 The Tribune Chandigarh India Himachal Pradesh www tribuneindia com Retrieved 7 January 2016 Further reading EditThe Imperial Gazetteer of India Oxford at Clarendon Press London 1909 Emerson 1920 Gazetteer of the Mandi State 1920 Reprint 1996 Indus Publishing Company Delhi ISBN 81 7387 054 3 Singh Sarina 2009 India Lonely Planet Country Guide Paperback 13th Updated edition ISBN 978 1 74179 151 8 Stott David and Annie Dare 2009 India Handbook 2009 Tread Your Own Path 16th Edition Footprint Handbooks ISBN 978 1 906098 38 4 Hutchinson J amp J PH Vogel 1933 History of the Panjab Hill States Vol II 1st edition Government Printing Pujab Lahore 1933 Reprint 2000 Department of Language and Culture Himachal Pradesh Chapter IX Mandi State pp 373 412 Mandi a project in a mountainous region of India Published in 1974 by Authors Zeuner H Stiegler pp 0 70 Gazetteer of the Mandi State The Present Edition of the Mandi State Gazetteer Was Compiled By Mr Emerson I C S Late Settlement Officer And Superintendent A Emerson G C L Howell H L Wright are the editors and the book is published by Indus Publishing 1996 ISBN 81 7387 054 3 ISBN 978 81 7387 054 5 0 205 Rough guide to India by David Abram Edition 5 illustrated published by Rough Guides 2003 ISBN 1 84353 089 9 ISBN 978 1 84353 089 3 523 525 Mandi area planning principles of planning for unit areas by Institute of Regional Development Planning from University of California Digitized on 20 Feb 2009 0 74 Punjab State Gazetteers pt A B Mandi and Sukut States Volume 12 Part 1 of Punjab State Gazetteers Punjab India by Superintendent Government Printing 1920 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008 Punjab State Gazetteers pt B Mandi State Volume 36 Part 2 of Punjab State Gazetteers Punjab India by Superintendent Government Printing 1936 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008 Punjab district gazetteers Volume 17 Part 2 Punjab District Gazetteers Punjab India by Superintendent Government Printing 1936 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Sep 2008 Punjab district gazetteers Volume 9 Gazetteer of India Punjab District Gazetteers Punjab India by Controller of Print and Stationery 1987 Pahari paintings and Sikh portraits in the Lahore Museum by Authors F S Aijazuddin Lahore Museum Pakistan published by Sotheby Parke Bernet 1977 from the University of Michigan Digitized on 2 Dec 2009 ISBN 0 85667 029 4 ISBN 978 0 85667 029 9 64 95 The rajas of the Punjab being the history of the principal states in the Punjab and their political relations with the British government by Sir Lepel Henry Griffin Edition 2 published by Trubner amp Co 1873 from Oxford University Digitized on 14 Nov 2007 567 579 Journal of the Panjab Historical Society Volume 7 Part 1 by Panjab Historical Society published by Baptist Mission Press 1918 from the University of Michigan digitized on 28 Jul 2007 1 15 Spilites and spilitic rocksInternational Union of Geological Sciences Series A Issue 4 of Series A Volume 4 of Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften Volume 471 of Illus bibliographie pp Volume 4 of Union Internacional de Ciencias Geologicas Trondheim Noruega by Gerhardt Christian Amstutz illustrated published by Springer 1974 from the University of Michigan digitized on 23 Feb 2010 ISBN 0 387 06448 6 ISBN 978 0 387 06448 2 175 184 Journal of scientific and industrial research Volume 9 by Council of Scientific amp Industrial Research India 1950 from the University of Michigan digitized on 18 May 2009 119 122 Inventory of monuments and sites of national importance Volume 1 Part 2 by Jagat Pati Joshi Archaeological Survey of India 1998 from the University of Michigan digitized on 3 Sep 2008 117 120 Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Volume 38 Pub by order of the Governor General of India 1981 from the University of Michigan digitized on 19 Oct 2006 44 53 Monthly commentary on Indian economic conditions Volume 9 by Indian Institute of Public Opinion 1967 from the University of Michigan digitized on 8 Apr 2011 7 13 Antiquities of Indian Tibet Volume 1Volume 38 Volume 50 of Archaeological survey of India New imperial series Archaeological survey of India Reports new imperial series Archaeological Survey of India Antiquities of Indian Tibet August Hermann Francke Volume 38 of Reports New imperial series Archaeological Survey of India published by Superintendent government printing India 1914 122 123 District Handbook Himachal Pradesh MandiVolume 2 of District Handbook Himachal Pradesh India Superintendent of Census Operations Himachal Pradesh by India Superintendent of Census Operations Himachal Pradesh from the University of Michigan digitized on 9 Jun 2011 Mandi State statistical tables by The Mufid i am Press 1913 0 43 Mandi state by The Civil and Military Gazette Press 1908 0 88 Himalayan geology Volume 11 by Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 1983 from the University of Michigan digitized on 14 Apr 2010 93 100 Himalayan artSAMP early 20th century Indian books project by Joseph Charles French published by Oxford university press 1931 from Indiana University digitized on 22 Jul 2009 18 23 Mandi and Suket States 1912Punjab District Gazetteers Volume 12 of Statistical tables published in 1913External links EditOfficial site of the Municipal Council of Mandi Archived 8 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine Mandi travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mandi Himachal Pradesh amp oldid 1131273163, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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