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List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II

January 08, 2023

The following is a list of massacres and mass executions that occurred in Yugoslavia during World War II. Areas once part of Yugoslavia that are now parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo,[a] Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, and Montenegro; see the lists of massacres in those countries for more details.

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Map of areas where massacres were committed by Chetniks (red), by the Ustaše (blue), by both Chetniks and the Ustaše (purple), by German forces (Wehrmacht, SS or Gestapo) (black), by Hungarian forces (green), by the Partisans (orange), by Italian forces (cyan/light blue)and by both Chetniks and Italian forces (pink). Larger marker sizes indicate larger massacres.

Perpetrators

The majority of massacres were committed by Yugoslav factions during the civil war, while a number were committed by invading Axis forces.

Ustaše

See also: Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

After the invasion of Yugoslavia, puppet-state Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was created by Axis powers in the areas of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] The Ustaše sought to create an ethnically clean state by eradicating Serbs, Jews and Romani through genocidal policies.[2] According to Ustaše officials, the creation of an ethnically pure Greater Croatian state would ensure the safety of the Croats from the Serbs.[3] From the data calculated by the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during the creation of the state the population of Serbs was approximately 1,925,000.[4] The Ustaše's largest genocidal massacres were carried out in Bosanska Krajina and in places in Croatia where Serbs constituted a large proportion of the population including Banija, Kordun, Lika, and northern Dalmatia. Between 300 000– 350 000 Serbs were killed in massacres and in concentration camps like Jasenovac and Jadovno. Some 100,000 Serbs, Jews, and anti-fascist Croat were killed at Jasenovac alone.[5][6]

Chetniks

See also: Chetnik war crimes in World War II

The Chetniks wanted to forge an ethnically pure Greater Serbia claiming it was to ensure the survival of Serbs in Axis/Ustaše-controlled areas by violently "cleansing" these areas of Croats and Muslims.[7] Several historians view Chetnik actions against Muslim and Croats as constituting genocide.[8][9][10] Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the Chetniks in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina range from 50,000 to 68,000, while more than 5,000 victims are registered in the region of Sandžak.[11] About 300 villages and small towns were destroyed, along with a large number of mosques and Catholic churches.[12] Chetnik massacres of the Bosniak population took place in eastern Bosnia which, according to historian Marko Attila Hoare, had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942.[13] Bosnian historian Enver Redžić has a different opinion and claims that eastern Bosnia wasn't in relative peace at all during the period 1941–1942. He writes that in the summer of 1941, killings of Serbs had already started and acquired broader proportions in eastern Bosnia and that anti-Serb propaganda by Ustaše, by that time, had success among local Muslim and Croats.[14] Bosniak Muslims, particularly in Eastern Bosnia, comprised a large contingent of Ustashe units in the region and played a large role in the genocide of ethnic Serbs in the area that began in 1941. Bosniaks, later in the war, also joined the Waffen SS units that were notorious for their cruelty to the Serbian population. The Serbian population in the Podrina region (Eastern Bosnia) declined significantly as a result of these massacres and ethnic cleansing. Hoare argues that the latter-referenced massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement."[13]

Yugoslav Partisans

Yugoslav Partisans committed various massacres, notably as part of the so-called "leftist errors". At the end of the war, the Partisans "purged" in Serbia (1944–45), and massacred thousands in the Yugoslav Partisan pursuit of Nazi collaborators and Foibe massacres at the end and immediate aftermath of the war.

Axis occupying forces

German, Italian and Hungarian occupying forces engaged in atrocities against the Yugoslavian population, in the form of mass-killings of civilians and hostages in retaliation for Partisan attacks and resistance. Infamous examples include the Kragujevac massacre, committed by German forces, as did the Albanian Waffen-SS units, which murdered more than 400 Orthodox Christian civilians at Andrijevica,[15] the Novi Sad raid, committed by Hungarian forces and crimes committed by Italian forces, such as in Podhum.

List

Name Date Location Deaths Perpetrator Description
Slavonska Požega executions 19–23 April 1941 Slavonska Požega 38   Ustaše executions of Serbs by Ustaše.[16]
Kacenštajn executions 1941–1945 Kacenštajn Castle, Begunje na Gorenjskem 849   Nazi Germany Mass-executions of Slovene hostages by the Gestapo throughout World War II.[17]
Dotršćina executions 1941–1945 Dotršćina, Zagreb 7,000   Ustaše Mass-executions of Serbs, Jews, Roma and Croat Anti-fascist hostages (including 2,000 members of the KPJ and the SKOJ) during the Ustaše occupation of Zagreb.[18] About 90% (c. 6,300) of those executed were Croat civilians and Anti-fascists, due to the fact that most of Zagreb's Serbian, Jewish and Roma populations had either been killed or deported to Jasenovac or Auschwitz by 1942.[19]
Pančevo executions 21–22 April 1941 Pančevo, Vojvodina 36   Nazi Germany execution of 36 Serbs by Wehrmacht and Volksdeutsche.[20][page needed]
Gudovac massacre 28 April 1941 Gudovac near Bjelovar, Croatia proper 184–196   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[21][22][23]
Kosinj massacre 30 April 1941 Kosinj, Lika c. 600   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[24]
Blagaj massacre 9 May 1941 Blagaj, Croatia proper c. 400   Ustaše massacre of Serbs from Veljun and surroundings by Ustaše.[25]
Glina massacre 11–13 May 1941 Glina 260–417   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[26][21]
Otočac massacre May 1941 Otočac 331   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[27]
Nevesinje massacre late May–June 1941 Nevesinje, Herzegovina 173   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[21]
Gacko massacre 3 June 1941 Korita 133–180   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše; corpses thrown into the Koritska Jama pit.[22][28][21]
Knin massacre 15 June 1941 Knin c. 60   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[21]
Rašića Gaj massacres 22 June–20 July 1941 Rašića Gaj, Vlasenica 70–200   Ustaše Muslim militia massacre of Serbs by Ustaše Muslim militia.[29][30]
Popovo Polje massacre 23 June 1941 Popovo Polje, Ljubinje, Herzegovina 140-164   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše in the villages of Popovo Polje in the district of Ljubinje.[21][31]
Metković massacre 25 June 1941 Metković 280   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[32]
Dračevo massacre 25 June 1941 Dračevo 70   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[33][better source needed]
Avtovac massacre 28 June 1941 Avtovac 47   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks.[34]
Bileća massacre June 1941 Bileća, Herzegovina c. 600 Serb rebels massacre of Muslims by Serb rebels.[35]
Kostajnica massacre 29 June - July 1941 Hrvatska Kostajnica 280   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[36]
Ličko Petrovo Selo and Melinovac massacre June - August 1941 Ličko Petrovo Selo and Melinovac 890   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[37]
Čelebić massacre (1941) July 1941 Čelebić 104   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[citation needed]
Garavice July – September 1941 Garavice, near Bihac 10,000-12,000[31][38]   Ustaše massacre of Serbs, Jews and Roma by Ustaše.
"Leftist error" massacres July 1941 – early 1942 Mostly areas of Serbia, Montenegro and East Herzegovina 1,000+   Partisans Partisan massacres of suspected enemy collaborators, political opponents, "class enemies" and other "fifth columnists".[39]
Kerestinec prisoner escape massacre 9–13 July 1941 Kerestinec prison 75   Ustaše A group of political prisoners (mostly Croatian communists and other anti-fascists) were to be executed in retaliation for Partisan attacks. On 9 July 1941, the first group, including Božidar Adžija, Otokar Keršovani and Ognjen Prica, was executed. The KPH and local Partisans responded by organising a mass-escape on the 13 July 1941, the escape failed and most prisoners were either shot whilst escaping or were recaptured and executed.[40]
Banski Grabovac massacre 24–25 July 1941 Grabovac, near Petrinja c. 1,200   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[41]
Drvar massacre 27 July 1941 Drvar 550   Chetniks and Serb rebels massacre of 350 Croats and 200 Muslims after the capture of Drvar.[42][43]
Brotnja massacre 27 July 1941 Brotnja 37   Chetniks massacre of 37 Croats in the village of Brotnja by Chetniks during the Srb uprising.[44]
Bosansko Grahovo massacre 27 July 1941 Bosansko Grahovo c.100   Chetniks and Serb rebels massacre of Croats in Bosansko Grahovo by Chetniks and other Serb rebels, led by Branko Bogunović, during the Srb uprising.[45][46]
Obljaj massacre 27 July 1941 Obljaj, Korita, Luka, Ugarci and Crni Lug 250+   Chetniks Chetnik massacre of Croats across several villages near Bosansko Grahovo during the Srb uprising.[47][48]
Trubar massacre 27 July 1941 Trubar [sh], Bosanska Krajina 200+ Serb rebels massacre of more than 200 Croats, members of a Catholic pilgrimage, who were ambushed near Drvar by Serb rebels.[49]
Ličko Petrovo Selo massacre 27 July 1941 Ličko Petrovo Selo 313   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše in Ličko Petrovo Selo.[41]
Velika Kladuša massacre 29 July 1941 Velika Kladuša and surroundings c. 4,000   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše near Velika Kladuša, under the Ičungar Hill.[31]
Glina massacre 30 July–3 August 1941 Glina c. 1,200[50]–2,000[41]   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[51]
Gospić massacre (1941) Late July - Early August 1941 District of Gospić c. 3,000   Ustaše large-scale massacres of Serbs by Ustaše in the district of Gospić.[52]
Boričevac massacre 2 August 1941 Boričevac 179   Chetniks massacre of 179 Croats in the village of Boričevac by Chetniks during the Srb uprising[53]
Kruščica camp massacre 5 August 1941 Kruščica concentration camp 74   Ustaše massacre of Serbs from Pale at the Kruščica concentration camp by Ustaše.[54][55]
Višegrad massacre (1941) July–August 1941 Višegrad, Herzegovina c. 500 Serb villagers massacre of Muslims by Bosnian Serbs at Višegrad and environs.[35]
Divoselo massacre 2 August 1941 Near Divoselo 170   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše, including 120 children.[56]
Sanski Most massacre 2-3 August 1941 Sanski Most and surrounding areas 2,862-5,500   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[57]
Prebilovci massacre 4–6 August 1941 Prebilovci c. 650   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[58]
Mlakva massacre 6 August 1941 Mlakva 280   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše, including 191 children.[59]
Krnjeuša massacre 9–10 August 1941 Krnjeuša c. 240   Chetniks massacre of approximately 240 Croat civilians in the parish of Krnjeuša by Chetniks.[60]
Vrtoče massacre 9–10 August 1941 Vrtoče, near Bosanski Petrovac 70   Chetniks massacre of Croats by Chetniks.[61]
Bosanska Dubica massacre 20–21 August 1941 Bosanska Dubica c. 300   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[62]
Čitluk and Strigova massacres 22 August 1941 Čitluk and Strigova 26   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[63]
Novoselci massacre Early August 1941 Novoselci 31   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Novoselci.[62]
Zaklopača massacre August 1941 Srebrenica 81   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks under the command of Jezdimir Dangić; a group of Muslims barricaded in a local mekteb (Muslim religious school) at Zaklopača which was then set alight.[64]
Plana massacre 3 September 1941 Plana 425   Chetniks Muslims massacred by Chetniks in Plana and surrounding villages.[65]
Kulen Vakuf massacre 5–8 September 1941 Kulen Vakuf 1,000-3,000   Partisan Drvar Brigade, local Serb rebels,

  Chetniks

massacre of Muslims and Croats by the Partisan Drvar Brigade, Chetniks and local Serb peasants at Kulen Vakuf.[15]
Jošan massacre 1941 Jošan 338   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[66]
Javor massacre 1941 Javor 100+   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Javor, near Srebrenica and Ozren.[67]
Mačva massacres 24 September – 9 October 1941 Mačva region c. 6,000   Nazi Germany

  Ustaše   Kingdom of Hungary

Serbian civilians killed in reprisals during anti-Partisan operations led by German, Ustaše and Hungarian forces.[68]
Ibarski Kolašin massacre 30 September 1941 Ibarski Kolašin 150 Albanians massacre of Serbs civilians by Albanian Vulnetari commanded by Shaban Polluzha.[69][70][71]
Rogatica massacre October 1941–January 1942 Rogatica district 2,000   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks after the capture of the town.[72]
Extraordinary Tribunal for Dalmatia 11 October-13 November 1941 Zadar, Šibenik, Kotor, Vodice 500+   Kingdom of Italy Established by Italian governor Giuseppe Bastianini on 11 October 1941, it held four trials, against alleged Communists (mostly Croats), suspected of responsibility for recent Partisan attacks. The trials were characterized by a hasty procedure without any guarantee for the accused, imposing forty-eight death sentences, of which thirty-five were executed, as well as thirty-seven prison sentences of different lengths.[73][74][75][76] On 24 October 1941, the Extraordinary Tribunal was replaced with the Special Court for Dalmatia, under these courts, another 500 death sentences were imposed until 13 November 1941.[77]
Draginac massacre 14 October 1941 Draginac, near Loznica 2,950   Nazi Germany Massacre of Serb civilians in reprisals.[78]
Kraljevo massacre 15-20 October 1941 Kraljevo 1,755   Nazi Germany Wehrmacht murder of almost 1,800 civilians in reprisal shootings.[79]
Kragujevac massacre 20–21 October 1941 Kragujevac 2,778   Nazi Germany More than 2,000 Serb men and boys murdered by Wehrmacht in reprisal shootings.[79]
Koraj massacre 28 November 1941 Koraj, near Brčko 100+   Chetniks massacre of Muslim peasants by Chetniks. The massacre was in response to the 1941 anti-Communist Tuzla Rebellion.[80][81]
Sopotnik massacre December 1941 Sopotnik, near Zvornik 86   Chetniks massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.[82]
Vlasenica massacre December 1941–February 1942 Vlasenica 2,000–3,000   Chetniks massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.[83]
Visuć massacre 1941 Visuć 85   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Visuć.[84]
Pljevlja massacre 2 December 1941 Pljevlja 74   Kingdom of Italy massacre of Montenegrin civilians and captured Partisans by Italian forces during the Uprising in Montenegro.[85]
Foča massacre (1941) 5 December 1941–January 1942 Foča 2,000+   Chetniks massacre of Muslims at Foča by Chetnik forces who received the town of Foča from the Royal Italian Army.[86]
Crljevice massacre 5 December 1941–January 1942 Crljevice near Pljevlja 38   Kingdom of Italy Killing 38 villagers of all ages and burning down the village in retaliation for Yugoslav Partisan attack on Pljevlja.[87]
Babina Vlaka massacre 14 December 1941 Babina Vlaka, Jabuka and Mihailovici, near Pljevlja 120   Kingdom of Italy massacre of Montenegrin civilians by Italian forces during the Uprising in Montenegro.[88]
Brezije massacre 21 December 1941 Brezije, Slavonia 880   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[37]
Goražde massacre (1941-1942) 30 December 1941 – 26 January 1942 Goražde 1,370–2,050   Chetniks massacre of mainly Bosniak Muslims and some Croats by Chetnik forces; corpses left hanging in the town or thrown into the Drina river.[89][90]
Žepa massacre late 1941 Žepa c. 300   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetnik forces at Žepa.[91]
Voćin massacre 14 January 1942 Voćin 350   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.[92][93]
Čelebić massacre (1942) January 1942 Čelebić 54   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetnik forces at Čelebić; village later torched.[91]
Žabalj massacre Christmas at January 1942 Žabalj 700   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Žabalj.[citation needed]
Gospođinci massacre Christmas at January 1942 Gospođinci 100   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Gospođinci
Čurug massacre 4–9 January 1942 Čurug 900   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Čurug
Đurđevo massacre January 1942 Đurđevo 300   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Đurđevo
Titel massacre January 1942 Titel 60–80   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Titel
Temerin massacre January 1942 Temerin 48   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Jews by Hungarian forces at Temerin
Pridvorica massacre 7 January 1942 Pridvorica 180   Muslim Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Muslim Ustaše units.[94]
Novi Sad raid 22–23 January 1942 Novi Sad 1264   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Jews and Serbs driven onto the frozen Danube by Hungarian forces at Novi Sad
Bečej raid 27 January 1942 Bečej 250   Kingdom of Hungary massacre of Jews and Serbs driven onto the frozen Tisa River by Hungarian forces at Bečej.
Srebrenica massacre January 1942 Srebrenica and environs c. 1,000   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks in Srebrenica and nearby villages.[95]
Višegrad massacre (1942) January 1942 Višegrad 1,000+   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks at Višegrad.[91]
Battle of Dražgoše 11–12 January 1942 Dražgoše 41   Nazi Germany 41 Slovene hostages executed by the Wehrmacht in Dražgoše.[96]
Draksenić massacre 13–15 January 1942 Draksenić c. 360   Ustaše massacre of approximately 360 Serbs by Ustaše and Home Guard at Draksenić.[97]
Melovo and Mijovac massacres 5-6 January 1942 Melovo and Mijovac 48   Pećanac Chetniks Killing of Romani civilians including women and children, 4 in Melovo and 44 in Mijovac[98]
Pljeva executions February 1942 Pljeva, Central Bosnia 41   Partisans 41 captured Croatian Home Guards executed by Partisans.[99]
Piskavica and Ivanjska massacre 5, 12 February 1942 Piskavica and Ivanjska 520   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Piskavica and Ivanjska [100]
Drakulić massacre 7 February 1942 Drakulić, Šargovac, Motike 2,315   Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Drakulić, Šargovac, and Motike [101]
Dubrave massacre March 1942 — February 1943 Dubrave, near Nikšić 300   Partisans Massacre of civilians suspected of collaboration with Chetniks.[102]
Drakan massacre 3 March 1942 Drakan 42   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks at Drakan [95]
Resnik massacre 5 March 1942 Resnik 51   Chetniks Muslims killed by Chetniks after being forced into the Drina river, where they were drowned.[103]
Stari Brod massacre 22 March–May 1942 Stari Brod and Miloševići, near Višegrad 6,000+   Ustaše massacre of more than 6,000 Serbs committed by the Black Legion and Ustaše Muslim militia.[104]
Begovo Brdo massacre 3 April 1942 Begovo Brdo, near Cetingrad 121   Ustaše massacre of Serb civilians, mainly children, by Ustaše the under the command of Ante Moškova. Most of the victims were slaughtered at the Latićki forest.[105]
Ljubljana executions 24 April–24 July 1942 Province of Ljubljana 1,000+   Kingdom of Italy Massacre of more than 1,000 Slovene hostages by Italian forces across the Province of Ljubljana.[106]
Pristina killings Late June 1942 Pristina area 100 Albanians killings of 100 Serbs by Albanians in Pristina and vicinity.[107]
Čabar massacre July 1942 Čabar 132   Kingdom of Italy Italian forces massacred 132 Croats.[108]
Hrib massacre July 1942 Hrib [fr], near Gerovo 40-60   Kingdom of Italy Italian forces massacred 40-60 Croats.[108]
Podhum massacre 12 July 1942 Podhum 118   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 118 Croat men and boys by Italian forces in the village Podhum[109][110]
Sadilovac massacre 31 July 1942 Sadilovac 580   Ustaše massacre of 580 Serb inhabitants of the villages surrounding Sadilovac, including 270 children.[111]
Rog massacre July–August 1942 Rog, near Kočevje 300   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 300 Slovenian civilians by Italian forces during anti-Partisan operations.[112]
Jermendol massacre July–August 1942 Jermendol, near Babno Polje 40   Kingdom of Italy 40 Slovenian civilians massacred by Italian forces [113]
Syrmia massacre August 1942 Region of Syrmia c. 7,000   Ustaše,
  Nazi Germany 		Massacre of 7,000 Serbs following a joint military anti-partisan operation in the Syrmia by Ustaše and the German Wehrmacht.[114]
Foča massacre (1942) August 1942 Foča c. 2,000–3,000   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks in Foča region.[115][116]
Ustikolina massacre August 1942 Ustikolina 2,500   Chetniks massacre of Muslims by Chetniks.[117]
Dragljane massacre August 1942 Dragljane, near Vrgorac 150   Chetniks,   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 150 Croats by Chetnik and Italian forces[118]
Zabiokovlje massacre 29 August 1942 Zabiokovlje region, near Makarska 141–160   Chetniks massacre of 141-160 Croats from several villages in the Zabiokovlje, Biokovo and Cetina areas of southern Croatia by Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović, that had been participating in the Italian anti-Partisan "Operation Albia".[119][120]
Makarska massacre September 1942 Makarska 900   Chetniks Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović, massacre 900 Croats around the town of Makarska[117]
Gata massacre 1 October 1942 Gata 100+   Chetniks Over 100 Croat civilians killed by Chetniks for pro-Yugoslav Partisan sympathies and in retaliation for the destruction of the Split-Omiš road.[121]
Maribor prison massacre 2 October 1942 Maribor 143   Nazi Germany massacre of Slovene hostages held in the Maribor prison.[122]
Drežnica massacre 3 October 1942 Drežnica 62–142   Chetniks massacre of Croat civilians by Chetniks.[123][124]
Dugopolje massacre(1942) 5 October 1942 Dugopolje, Kotlenice and neighbouring settlements 120   Chetniks,   Kingdom of Italy 120 Croats killed by Chetniks, supported by Italian forces.[125][126]
Španovica massacre 8 October 1942 Španovica 143   Partisans massacre of Croat civilians by Partisans.[127]
Kriva Reka massacre 11–14 October 1942 Kriva Reka and neighbouring areas 690   Nazi Germany Serb civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen during and after Operation Kopaonik.[128]
Prozor massacre 14–15 October 1942 Prozor area 543–2,500   Chetniks massacre of Croats and Bosnian Muslims by Chetniks due to suspected harboring and aiding the Partisans.[121] It took place during Operation Alfa.
Primošten massacre 16 November 1942 Primošten 150   Kingdom of Italy 150 Croats killed by Italian forces by deliberately shelling the town of Primošten in retaliation for an earlier Partisan attack.[129]
Vrlika massacre January 1943 Vrlika and surrounding areas 103   Chetniks massacre of Croats by Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović and Momčilo Đujić.[130]
Široka Kula massacre (1943) January 1943 Široka Kula 185   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 185 Croat civilians in the village of Široka Kula by Italian forces [131]
Bijelo Polje massacre January 1943 Bijelo Polje c.1,000   Chetniks Chetniks, led by Pavle Đurišić, razed 33 Muslim villages in the area around Bijelo Polje, killing about 1,000 Muslim civilians.[116]
Turkanj massacre January–February 1943 Turkanj, near Slunj 208   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 208 Croat hostages and civilians by Italian forces [132]
Maovice massacre 26 January 1943 Maovice 60 - 80   Chetniks massacre of Croats by Chetniks of the Dinara Division, led by Momčilo Đujić.[133]
Kijevo massacre 27 January 1943 Kijevo 45   Chetniks massacre of 45 Croats by Chetniks in the village of Kijevo.[134]
Massacres in Pljevlja, Priboj, Čajniče and Foča January–February 1943 Pljevlja, Priboj, Čajniče and Foča districts and surrounding villages 9,200   Chetniks massacre of Muslims (including 8,000 civilians) by Chetniks, led by Pavle Đurišić, across several districts and villages in southeastern Bosnia and Sandžak.[135][136]
Bukovica massacre 4–7 February 1943 Bukovica, Pljevlja more than 500   Chetniks massacre of more than 500 Muslim civilians during Chetnik attack on positions held by Sandžak Muslim militia.
Kasidoli massacre 5 February 1943 Kasidoli, Priboj 227   Chetniks massacre of 227 Muslim civilians in village of Kasidoli by Chetniks of Vuk Kalaitović.[137]
Mekinjar massacre 17 February 1943 Mekinjar, near Udbina 30   Chetniks,   Kingdom of Italy 30 Croats killed by Chetniks and Italian forces.[132]
Goražde massacre (1943) March 1943 Goražde 500   Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.[138]
Breza massacre March and April 1943 Breza 74   Chetniks Massacre of suspected Communists and Partisan sympathisers by Chetniks.[139]
Kninsko Polje massacre April 1943 Kninsko Polje, near Knin 1,000   Chetniks massacre of 1,000 Croats at a makeshift execution site near Knin.[140]
Šibenik executions 23 April–15 June 1943 Šibenik and its environs 240   Kingdom of Italy Execution of 240 Croat hostages in the Šibenik district by Italian forces, in retaliation for Partisan attacks[141]
Vrpolje and Perković massacre 22 May 1943 Vrpolje and Perković 66   Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Croat civilians, rounded up from the villages of Vrpolje and Perković, in retaliation for a Partisan attack on the Šibenik-Split railway[142]
Međeđe massacre May–June 1943 Međeđe, near Nikšić 72   Kingdom of Italy massacre of 72 Montenegrin and Serb civilians by Italian forces.[143]
Bar massacre (1943) June 1943 Bar, Montenegro 180   Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Montenegrin prisoners being held in the Bar concentration camp[144]
Komin massacre June 1943 Komin, near Ploče 228   Kingdom of Italy 228 Croats massacred by Italian forces.[118]
Bijeljina massacre (1943) June 1943 Bijeljina 1,139   Nazi Germany Massacre of Serb civilians by German forces during anti-Partisan reprisals.[145]
Trepča mine executions 3 June 1943 Trepča mine, Mitrovica 37 Albanians mass shooting of 37 Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards at the Trepča mine prison, most of whom were workers that had fell ill, and among whom several were peasants from the Mitrovica vicinity.[146]
Trepča mine executions 7 June 1943 Trepča mine, Mitrovica 27 Albanians mass shooting of 27 Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards.[146]
Doli Pivski massacre 7 June 1943 Doli Plivski, Montenegro 522   Ustaše,
  Nazi Germany 		massacre of 522 Serb civilians by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen, along with the Ustaše and the SS Handschar Division.[147]
Vareška Reka massacre June 1943 Vareška Reka–Ibar confluence 15 Vulnetari and gendarmerie massacre of Serbs by Albanian paramilitaries.[148]
Kolašin executions 25 June 1943 Kolašin 180   Kingdom of Italy 180 hostages shot by Italian forces.[149]
Žrnovica massacre July 1943 Žrnovnica and surrounding villages 97   Kingdom of Italy Croat civilians killed by Italian forces during anti-Partisan reprisals.[150]
Lovreć massacre 10 July 1943 Lovreć and surrounding areas 112   Chetniks,  Kingdom of Italy 112 Croats (Partisan POWs and civilians) killed by Chetniks and Italian forces.[151]
Rotimlja massacre 12 July 1943 Rotimlja, near Stolac 66   Nazi Germany Muslims massacred in reprisals the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.[152]
Košutica massacre 12 July 1943 Košutica, near Sokolac 68   Nazi Germany Muslims massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.[153]
Dugopolje massacre(1943) September 1943 Dugopolje 40   Nazi Germany 40 Croat civilians massacred by 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen. [125]
Zrin massacre 9-10 September 1943 Zrin 270   Partisans massacre of 270 Croat civilians in Zrin by Partisans[why?][154][better source needed]
Foibe massacres 9 September 1943 – 1946 Istria and Dalmatia c.5,000–11,000   Partisans Massacres of reprisals against Italian people and anticommunist Yugoslav people[155][better source needed][156]
Tićan massacre 11 September 1943 Tićan, near Višnjan 84   Nazi Germany Croats massacred by the 71st Infantry Division, during anti-Partisan reprisals.[157]
Uroševac massacre 11–12 September 1943 Uroševac area 60 Albanians massacre of Serbs by Albanians, commanded by Amdija Jašarević[158]
Imotski massacre 17-30 September 1943 Imotski, Sinj and neighboring villages 230   Nazi Germany 230 Croats massacred by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.[159]
Košute massacre 29 September 1943 Košute and neighbouring villages 102   Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.[160]
Rakoš massacre October 1943 Rakoš 63 Albanians shooting of Serb villagers[161]
Massacres in Mužini, Cere and Feštini 2 October 1943 Mužini, Cere and Feštini, near Žminj 44   Nazi Germany Croats massacred by German forces; 28 in Mužini, 10 in Cere and 6 in Feštini.[162]
Višegrad massacre (1943) 5 October 1943 Višegrad 2,000+   Chetniks Muslim civilians massacred by Chetniks after the capture of Višegrad.[163]
Kresini massacre 7 October 1943 Kresini, near Žminj 57   Nazi Germany Croats massacred by German forces of the II SS Panzer Corps during the anti-Partisan offensive (Unternehmen Istrien).[162]
Peć killings November–December 1943 Peć district 230 Albanians killings of Serbs[164]
Baćina massacre 2 November 1943 Baćina and neighbouring areas 107   Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.[165]
Ivanci massacre 30 November 1943 Ivanci 73   Nazi Germany Serb civilians massacred.
Lug and Kuk massacre 16 December 1943 Lug and Kuk, near Tomislavgrad 81   Nazi Germany massacre of 81 Croats by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen in retaliation for nearby Partisan attacks[166]
December victims 20 December 1943 Zagreb 16   Ustaše 16 anti-Fascists (14 Croats, 2 Slovenes) hanged on 20 December 1943 on butcher hooks on a public street at the western end of Dubrava in retaliation for the killing of an Ustaše agent, Ljudevit Tiljk, by the Partisans[167]
Vranić massacre 20–21 December 1943 Vranić 68   Chetniks 68 Serb civilians killed by Chetniks at Vranić under suspicion of harbouring and/or supporting the Partisans[168]
Kopljare massacre 25 December 1943 Kopljare 22   Chetniks 19 Romani and 3 Serbs were killed by Chetniks of Nikola Kalabić in the night of 25 December and all Romani houses as well as two houses of villagers[169]
Šajini and Bokordići massacre 8-9 January 1944 Šajini and Bokordići 76   Nazi Germany 76 Croat civlians killed (54 in Šajini and 22 in Bokordići) by Wehrmacht forces of the 71st Infantry Division.[170]
Massacre of villages under Kamešnica 26–30 March 1944 Several villages between Kamešnica and Mosor near Split 1,525   Nazi Germany 1,525 Croatian civilians massacred by members of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen across several Croat villages in the Kamešnica and Mosor region, near Split[171]
Drugovac massacre 29 April 1944 Drugovac near Smederevo 72   Chetniks Largest Chetnik masacre in any Serb village. Chetniks killed 72, burnt down around 120 and plundered 200 houses in pro-Partisan village Drugovac.[172]
Lipa massacre 30 April 1944 Lipa, near Rijeka 269   Nazi Germany massacre of 269 Croatian civilians in Lipa, near Rijeka by the SS Police Regiment Bozen in retaliation for a Partisan ambush near Rupa[173]
Dobranje massacre May 1944 Dobranje 136   Partisans massacre of 136 Domobrani POWs and Croat civilians by Partisans.[174]
Goražde massacre (1944) May 1944 Goražde c.50   Chetniks Around fifty Muslims massacred by Chetniks.[175]
Štrpce massacre 30 June 1944 Štrpce 50   Kingdom of Bulgaria mass execution of 50 in retaliation for the death of a Bulgarian soldier.[161]
Velika massacre 28 July 1944 Velika, near Plav 428+   SS-"Skanderbeg" massacre of 428 Serbs, mostly children, women and elderly, by Albanian SS members during Operation Draufgänger.[176]
Hrvatska Dubica massacre 18–19 September 1944 Hrvatska Dubica c. 55   Ustaše massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Bošnjane massacre 2 October 1944 Bošnjane near Paraćin 55   Chetniks Massacre of Partisan prisoners of war by Chetniks. Victims were tortured before execution.[177]
Daksa executions October 1944 Daksa c. 53   Partisans Partisans executed around 53 Croat prisoners suspected of being collaborationists [178]
Srijemska Kamenica massacre October 1944 Sremska Kamenica 196   Partisans massacre of Croat and Šokci men after their arrest by the Partisans.[179]
Communist purges in Serbia October 1944–May 1945 Central Serbia and Vojvodina at least 55,973   Partisans Massacres against people perceived as war criminals, quislings, ideological opponents and ethnic minorities by Partisans. In 2009, the government of Serbia formed a State Commission to investigate the secret burial places of victims. The Commission compiled a registry of names, basic biographical data, and details of persecution. The registry contains a total of 55,973 names, including 27,367 Germans, 14,567 Serbs and 6,112 Hungarians.[180]
Flight and expulsion of Germans in Yugoslavia November 1944-March 1948 German-speaking areas of Yugoslavia, especially Banat and other areas c.58,000   Partisans A total of 48,447 people died in camps; 7,199 were massacred or executed by Partisans, and another 1,994 perished in Soviet labour camps after being deported by Yugoslav authorities.[181]
Tovarnik massacre December 1944 Tovarnik 51   Partisans massacre of 51 Croat and Germans (Volksdeutsche) civilians by Partisans[182]
Bribir massacre December 1944 Bribir 33   Chetniks Croats massacred by Chetniks from the Dinara Division. The village was razed to the ground.[183]
Široki Brijeg massacre 7–15 February 1945 Široki Brijeg 28   Partisans massacre of Croatian Franciscan Friars by Partisans, twelve of whom were burned alive.[184]
Frankolovo massacre 12 February 1945 Frankolovo 100   Nazi Germany Slovene hostages shot or hanged in retaliation for a Partisan ambush that fatally wounded the Nazi district administrator of Celje, Anton Dorfmeister.[185]
Kozara massacres 17–22 February 1945 Kozara 140+   Ustaše massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Kozara[citation needed]
Villa Luburić massacre February–April 1945 Sarajevo 323   Ustaše mass executions of Serbs by Ustaše at the Villa Luburić headquarters in Sarajevo.[186]
Bar massacre March 1945 Bar, Montenegro 400–450 to 1,500–2,000   Partisans massacre of Albanians by Partisans.[187][better source needed]
Hrastina massacre 24 April 1945 Hrastina 43   Nazi Germany massacre of German Sinti civilians found in hiding.[188]
Jakljan executions May 1945 Jakljan 214   Partisans German prisoners executed by Partisans at Jakljan.[189]
Gračani massacre May 1945 Zagreb 295 (excavated bodies)   Partisans execution of NDH prisoners of war and local civilians by Partisans.[190]
Kucja Dolina massacre May 1945 Kucja Dolina 800+   Partisans killing of Slovene and Croat Home Guard prisoners and civilians by Partisans.[191][192][193]
Fiume Autonomists purge May 1945 Rijeka and surrounding areas 650   Partisans Partisan and OZNA liquidations of prominent members and supporters of the Rijeka Autonomist Party and the Liburnian Autonomist Movement after the liberation of Rijeka.[194]
Pečovnik massacre 8–9 May 1945 Pečovnik 12,000   Partisans killing of Croat POWs and civilians by Partisans.[195]
Tezno massacre 19–26 May 1945 Tezno, near Maribor 15,000   Partisans execution of NDH prisoners of war and civilians by Partisans.[196]
Kočevski Rog massacre Late May 1945 Kočevski Rog 10,000–12,000   Partisans execution of Slovene Home Guard members, Croat, Serb and Montenegrin collaborationists, Italian and German troops, by the Partisans.[197]
Macelj massacre May–June 1945 Macelj 1,163 (excavated bodies)   Partisans execution of NDH prisoners and local civilians by Partisan forces[198][better source needed]
Barbara Pit massacre 25 May–6 June 1945 Huda Jama 1,416[199]   Partisans Croat and Slovene POWs with their families killed by Partisans for reprisal.[200]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states (with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition) and 92 states not recognizing it, while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory.

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