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List of states during Late Antiquity
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Late Antiquity is a historiographical term for the historical period from c. 200 AD to c. 700 AD, which marks the transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Precise boundaries for the period are a matter of debate, but historian Peter Brown proposed a period between the 2nd and 8th centuries. While generally, it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. 235–284) to the re-organization of the Eastern Roman Empire under Heraclius and the Muslim conquests in the mid-7th century,[citation needed] for the purposes of this page it will be considered the period 200 to 700 AD.
This list's the main types state that existed in Africa, Americas, Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, Eurasian Steppe, South Asia, and West Asia.
Political entities edit
| Location | Name | Capital(s) | State type | Existed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa: Central | Sao civilisation | Various | Tribal city states | 6th century BC – 16th century AD |
| Africa: North | Garamantes | Garama | Tribal Confederation/Empire | 500 BC – 700 AD |
| Africa: North; Asia: West; Europe: West | Umayyad Caliphate | Dammascus, Harran | Empire | 661–750 AD |
| Africa: North, Europe: South | Vandal Kingdom | Carthage | Kingdom | 435–534 AD |
| Africa: Northeast | Kingdom of Aksum | Aksum | Kingdom | c.100 – c.940 AD |
| Africa: Northeast | Alodia | Soba | Empire | 680–1504 AD |
| Africa: Northeast | Blemmyes | Tribal Kingdom | 600 BC – 8th century AD | |
| Africa: Northeast | Kush | Kerma; Napata; Meroe | Kingdom | 1070 BC – 350 AD |
| Africa: Northeast | Makuria | Dongola | Kingdom | 340–1312 AD |
| Africa: Northeast | Nobatia | Pachoras | Kingdom | 350–650 AD |
| Africa: Northwest | Gaetulia | Tribal confederation | c. 350 BC – 550 AD | |
| Africa: Northwest | Garmul | Altava | Kingdom | 530–578 AD |
| Africa: Northwest | Mauretania | Julia Caesara | Kingdom/Client Kingdom | 285 BC – 431 AD |
| Africa: West | Ghana Empire | Koumbi Saleh | Empire | c. 400 – 1235 AD |
| Africa: West | Nok culture | Various | Tribal Chiefdoms/Kingdom | 1000 BC – 300 AD |
| Americas: Central | Maya | Various | Kingdom City States | 2000 BC – 900AD |
| Americas: Central | Zapotec | Various | Kingdom City States | 700 BC – 1521 AD |
| Americas: North | Pueblo | Various | Tribal chiefdom's | 12th century BC – 14th century AD |
| Americas: North | Teotihuacan Empire | Teotihuacan | Empire | 100 BC – 8th century AD |
| Americas: South | Cañari | Tumebamba | Tribal Confederacy | 500–1533 AD |
| Americas: South | Moche | Moche-Trujillo. | United Independent Polities | 100–800 AD |
| Americas: South | Nazca | Various | Tribal chiefdom's | 100 BC – 800 AD |
| Americas: South | Tiwanaku empire | Tiwanaku | Empire | 300–1000 AD |
| Americas: South | Wari Empire | Huari | Empire | 500–1100 AD |
| Europe: Balkans | Avar Khaganate | Khaganate | 567–804 AD | |
| Europe: Balkans | Basternae | Various | Tribal Confederation | 200 BC – 300AD |
| Europe: Balkans, Asia: West; Africa: Northeast | Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | Empire | 395–1453 AD |
| Europe: Balkans | First Bulgarian Empire | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018) | Empire | 681–1018 AD |
| Europe: Balkans | Gepids | Sirmium | Kingdom | 454–567 AD |
| Europe: Balkans | Getae | Tribal Kingdom | 7th century BC – 4th century AD | |
| Europe: Balkans | Narentines | Tribal chiefdom/countship/dukedom | 6th–10th centuries AD | |
| Europe: Balkans | Paeonia | Principality/Kingdom/Client | 535 BC – 681 AD | |
| Europe: Balkans | Principality of Serbia | Principality | 7th–10th centuries | |
| Europe: British Isles | Ailech | Grianán Ailigh | Kingdom | 450–1283 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Airgíalla | Clogher | Tribal Federation/Kingdom | 331–1590 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Bernicia | Bamburgh | Kingdom | 420–634 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Kingdom of Breifne | Croghan | Kingdom | 700–1256 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Brycheiniog | Talgarth | Kingdom | 450–1045 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Cai | Tribal kingdom | 25–871 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Ce | Tribal kingdom | 1st century – 900 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Ceredigion | Kingdom | 475–680 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Connacht | Tribal chiefdom/kingdom | c. 10th century BC – 1474 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Cornovii | Tribal kingdom | 4th century BC – 343 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Dál Riata | Dunadd | Kingdom | 501–878 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Deira | York | Kingdom | 559–664 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Dumnonia | Isca Dumnoniorum | Dukedom/principality | 290–875 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Dyfed | Kingdom | 410–910 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Kingdom of East Anglia | Rendlesham, Dommoc | Kingdom | 6th C – 918 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Fortriu | Tribal kingdom | 1–850 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Glywysing | Cardiff | Kingdom | 490–1063 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Gododdin | Kingdom | 5th–8th century AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Gwent | Caerwent, Porth-is-Coed | Kingdom | 420–1081 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Gwynedd | Various | Kingdom | 420–1261 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Haestingas | Hastings | Tribal kingdom | 6th century – 771 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Iverni | Ivernis | Tribal federated chiefdom's | 500 BC – 400 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Kent | Durovernum | Kingdom | 455–871 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Leinster | Kingdom | 436–1632 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Lindsey | Lindum | Kingdom/Client | 410–775 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Meath | Dublin | Kingdom | 1st century – 1173 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Mercia | Tamworth | Kingdom | 527 – 918 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Kingdom of Northumbria | Bamburgh | Kingdom | 653–954 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Osraige | Kilkenny | Kingdom | 150–1185 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Pictland | Kingdom | 250 BC – 850 AD[1] | |
| Europe: British Isles | Powys | Various | Kingdom | 488–1160 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Rheged | Kingdom | 550–650 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Strathclyde | Dumbarton, Govan | Kingdom | 450–1093 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Sussex | Selsey | Kingdom | 477–860 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Tyrconnell | Dun na nGall | Kingdom | 464–1607 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Uí Failghe | Rathangan, Daingean | Kingdom | 507–1550 AD |
| Europe: British Isles | Ulster | Kingdom | 465–1177 AD | |
| Europe: British Isles | Wessex | Winchester | Kingdom | 519–1018 AD |
| Europe: East; Asia, Central | Barsils | Tribal union | 600–700 AD | |
| Europe: East | Bulgars | Balkh/Phanagoria | Tribal confederation | c. 5th century – 7th century AD |
| Europe: East | Cimmerian Bosporus | Panticapaeum | Kingdom/Client | 480 BC – 370 AD |
| Europe: East | Gelonia | Gelonos | Tribal kingdom | 5th century BC – 5th century AD |
| Europe: East, West, Central, Balkans | Hunnic Empire | Tribal Empire | 370s–469 AD | |
| Europe: East; Asia: Central | Huns | Nomadic confederation | 1st century – 370 AD | |
| Europe: East; Asia, Central; Eurasian: Caucasus | Khazar Khaganate | Various | Nomadic Kingdom | 618–1048 AD |
| Europe: East | Kutrigurs | Nomadic confederation/client | 453 – 8th century AD | |
| Europe: East | Magyar | Tribal Confederation/Principality | 1100 BC – 895 AD | |
| Europe: East | Old Great Bulgaria | Phanagoria | Kingdom | 632–668 AD |
| Europe: East | Sarmatians | Tarki (Makhachkala) | Tribal Confederation | 450BC – 400 AD |
| Europe: East | Venedae | Tribal Confederation | 400 BC – 7th century AD | |
| Europe: East | Volga Bulgaria | Bolghar, Bilär | Kingdom | 660–1236 AD |
| Europe: South | Duchy of Benevento after 774, Principality of Benevento | Benevento | Dukedom/Principality/Client | 571–1074 AD |
| Europe: South | Kingdom of the Lombards | Pavia | Kingdom | 568–774 AD |
| Europe: South | Odoacer's Kingdom | Ravenna | Kingdom | 476–493 AD |
| Europe: South | Ostrogothic Kingdom | Ravenna | Kingdom | 493–553 AD |
| Europe: South, West, Balkans, British Isles; Africa: North; Asia: West | Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC – 1453 AD |
| Europe: South | San Marino | San Marino | Republic | 301 AD – present |
| Europe: South | Duchy of Tridentum | Benevento | Dukedom/Principality | 574–1802 AD |
| Europe: South | Republic of Venice | Venice | Republic | 697–1797 AD |
| Europe: West | Alamannia | Kingdom | 213 AD–496 AD | |
| Europe: West | Alemanni | Tribal Confederation | 85 BC – 213 AD | |
| Europe: West | Armorica | Kingdom/dukedom | 343–1532 AD | |
| Europe: West | Austrasia | Metz | Kingdom | 511–751 AD |
| Europe: West | Bavaria | Dukedom | 508–788 AD | |
| Europe: West | Kingdom of the Burgundians | Borbetomagus, Lugdunum | Kingdom | 410–534 AD |
| Europe: West | Carantania | Karnburg | Principality | 658–828 AD |
| Europe: West | Cornouaille | Principality | 430–1084 AD | |
| Europe: West | Francia | Tournai, Paris | Kingdom/Empire | 481–843 AD |
| Europe: West | Franks | Various | Tribal Confederation | 210–481 AD |
| Europe: West | Frisian Kingdom | Dorestad, Utrecht | Kingdom | 600–734 AD |
| Europe: West | Kingdom of Galicia | Santiago de Compostela | Kingdom | 409–1833 AD |
| Europe: West, British Isles | Gallic Empire | Colonia Agrippina, Augusta Treverorum | Empire | 260–274 AD |
| Europe: West | Poher | Vorgium | Principality | 520–936 AD |
| Europe: West | Raetia Curiensis | Chur | Bishopric (religious state) | 452–1160 AD |
| Europe: West | Rugiland | Vindobona | Kingdom | 467–487 AD |
| Europe: West | Saxons (Continental) | Tribal confederation | 5th century BC – 754 AD | |
| Europe: West | Kingdom of Soissons | Noviodunum | Kingdom | 457 – 486 AD |
| Europe: West | Suebi | Tribal Confederation | 60 BC – 409 AD | |
| Europe: West | Kingdom of the Suebi | Braga | Kingdom | 409–585 AD |
| Europe: West | Duchy of Thuringia | Duchy | 631–1440 AD | |
| Europe: West | Vandals | Tribal chiefdoms | 2nd century BC – 409 AD | |
| Europe: West | Visigothic Kingdom | Various | Kingdom | 418–720 AD |
| Europe: South, West, British Isles; Africa: North | Western Roman Empire | Mediolanum, Ravenna | Empire | 395–476 AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Arminiya | Dvin | Principality/client | 653–884 AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Caspiane | Tribal Kingdom/Client | 650 BC – 387 AD | |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Caucasian Albania | Kabalak, Partav | Kingdom/Client | 65 BC – 628 AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Kingdom of Iberia | Various | Kingdom | 302 BC – 580 AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Principality of Iberia | Tbilisi | Principality | 580–891 AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Lazica | Phasis | Kingdom/client | 1st century BC – 7th century AD |
| Eurasian: Caucasus | Sarir | Humraj | Kingdom/Client | 453 – 12th century AD |
| Asia: West | Adiabene | Arbela | Kingdom/Client | 15–310 AD |
| Asia: West | Araba | Hatra | Kingdom | 3rd century BC – 300 AD |
| Asia: West | Armenia | Van | Kingdom | 553 BC – 428 AD |
| Asia: West | Atropatene | Ganzak | Kingdom/Client | 320 BC – 226 AD |
| Asia: West | Carmania | Kingdom/client | 600 BC – 651 AD | |
| Asia: West | Characene | Charax Spasinou | Kingdom | 127 BC – 222 AD |
| Asia: West | Corduene | Principality/kingdom/client | 800 BC – 653 AD | |
| Asia: West | Elymais | Susa | Kingdom/Client | 147 BC – 224 AD |
| Asia: West | Gardman | Parisos | Principality/Kingdom/Client | 66–428 AD |
| Asia: West | Ghassanid | Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideir | Kingdom/Client | 220–712 AD |
| Asia: West | Hadhramaut | Kingdom | 700 BC – 320 AD | |
| Asia: West | Kindah | Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil | Tribal kingdom | 2nd century BC – 525 AD |
| Asia: West | Lakhmids | Al-Hirah | Kingdom | 300–602 AD |
| Asia: West | Osroene | Edessa | Kingdom/Client | 134 BC – 244 AD |
| Asia: West | Palmyrene Empire | Palmyra | Empire | 260–273 AD |
| Asia: West | Parthian Empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC – 224 AD |
| Asia: West; Africa, Northeast | Rashidun Caliphate | Medina, Kuffa | Empire | 632–661 AD |
| Asia: West, Central, Eurasian: Caucasus | Sasanian Empire | Estakhr, Ctesiphon | Empire | 224–637 AD |
| Asia: West | Zabdicene | Principality/client | 780 BC – 5th century AD | |
| Asia: Central | Afrighids | Kath | Kingdom/Client | 305–995 AD |
| Asia: Central | Dayuan | Kingdom/Client | 329 BC – 280 AD | |
| Asia: Central | Fergana | Khokand | Kingdom | 220 BC – 590 AD |
| Asia: Central | Hephthalite Empire | Various | Empire | 408–670 AD |
| Asia: Central | Kangju | Tribal Federation | 280 BC – 585 AD | |
| Asia: Central | Kashgar | Kashgar | Kingdom/Client | 80–850 AD |
| Asia: Central | Khotan | Khotan | Kingdom | 56–1006 AD |
| Asia: Central | Kucha | Kucha | Buddhist Kingdom | 46–658 AD |
| Asia: Central, East | Rouran Khaganate | Confederation | 330–555 AD | |
| Asia: Central | Sumpa | Tribal chiefdom/client | 1600 BC – 7th century AD | |
| Asia: East, Central | Tang dynasty | Chang'an, Luoyang | Empire | 618–907 AD |
| Asia: Central, East | Tibetan Empire | Lhasa, Pho brang | Empire | 618–907 AD |
| Asia: Central | Turgesh Khaganate | Balasagun | Nomadic Empire | 699–766 AD |
| Asia: Central, East | First Turkic Khaganate | Ordu Baliq | Confederation | 552–747 AD |
| Asia: Central | Turpan | Turpan | Buddhist Kingdom | 480–640 AD |
| Asia: Central | Tuyuhun | Fuqi | Nomadic Kingdom | 285–670 AD |
| Asia: Central | Xionites | Tribal federation | 320 – late 5th century AD | |
| Asia: South | Anuradhapura | Anuradhapura | Kingdom | 377 BC – 1017 AD |
| Asia: South | Ay | Aykudi | Kingdom | 4th century BC – 12th century AD |
| Asia: South | Kingdom of Bumthang | Chakhar Gutho | Kingdom | 7th–17th centuries AD |
| Asia: South | Chera Kingdom | Kingdom | 5th century BC – 1102 AD | |
| Asia: South | Eastern Chalukyas | Vengi, Rajamundry | Kingdom | 624–1129 AD |
| Asia: South | Gauda Kingdom | Karnasuvarna | Kingdom | 590–626 AD |
| Asia: South | Gupta Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 320–620 AD |
| Asia: South | Gurjara-Pratihara | Kannauj | Empire | 650–1036 AD |
| Asia: South | Harsha | Kanauj | Empire | 606–647 AD |
| Asia: South | Indo-Scythians | Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC – 400 AD |
| Asia: South | Kabul Shahi | Kabul, Waihind | Kingdom/Empire | 6th century – 1026 AD |
| Asia: South | Kamarupa | Various | Kingdom | 350–1140 AD |
| Asia: South | Kuninda | Shravasti | Kingdom | 500 BC – 300 AD |
| Asia: South, Central | Kushan Empire | Various | Empire | 30–375 AD |
| Asia: South | Maitraka | Vallabhi | Empire | 475–767 AD |
| Asia: South | Maukhari | Kannauj | Empire | 550s – 8th century AD |
| Asia: South | Mushika | Ezhimalai | Kingdom | 3rd century BC – 4th century AD |
| Asia: South | Pallava Empire | Kanchi | Empire | 250 BC – 800 AD |
| Asia: South | Pundra | Pundravardhana | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 550 AD |
| Asia: South | Rai dynasty | Aror | Empire | 489–690 AD |
| Asia: South | Rajarata | Various | Kingdom | 377 BC – 1310 AD |
| Asia: South | Ruhuna | Magama | Principality | 200 BC – 450 AD |
| Asia: South | Satavahana Empire | Vatsagulma | Empire | 250–500 AD |
| Asia: South | Vakataka Empire | Amaravati | Empire | 230 BC – 230 AD |
| Asia: South | Vanga | Gange | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 580 AD |
| Asia: South | Vishnukundina | Indrapalanagara | Empire | 420–624 AD |
| Asia: South | Western Ganga dynasty | Kolar, Talakad | Kingdom | 350–1000 AD |
| Asia: South | Western Satraps | Ozone, Barygaza | Kingdom | 35–405 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Bruneian Empire | Various | Empire | 7th century – 1888 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Champa | Various | Kingdom | 192–1832 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Chenla Kingdom | Bhavapura, Isanapura | Kingdom | 550–706 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Chi Tu | Kingdom | 100 BC – 7th century AD | |
| Asia: Southeast | Funan | Various | Kingdom | 60–550 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Gangga Negara | Gangga Negara | Kingdom | 2nd–11th centuries AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100–1516 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Lavo Kingdom | Lavo, Ayodhaya | Kingdom | 450–1388 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Melayu Kingdom | Jambi | Kingdom | 4th–13th centuries AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Pyu city-states | Sri Ksetra | Federated City States | 250 BC – 1085 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Sunda Kingdom | Various | Kingdom | 669–1579 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Tarumanagara | Sundapura | Kingdom | 358–669 AD |
| Asia: Southeast | Thaton Kingdom | Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC–1085 AD |
| Asia: Southeast, Vietnam | Vạn Xuân | Longbian | Kingdom | 544–602 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Cao Wei | Various | Kingdom | 220–265 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Cheng Han | Chengdu | Kingdom | 304–347 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Chouchi | Lüeyang | Principality | 184–511 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Duan | Tribal Chiefdom/Dukedom | 250–338 AD | |
| Asia: East, China | Eastern Wu | Wuchang, Jianye | Kingdom | 229–280 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Former Zhao | Lishi | Kingdom | 304–329 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Han Empire | Various | Empire | 206 BC – 220 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Khitans | Shangjing | Kingdom/Client | 388 – 1211 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Liu Song dynasty | Jiankang | Empire | 420–479 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Northern Liang | Jiankang | Kingdom/Client | 397–460 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Northern Wei | Shengle | Empire | 386–585 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Shu Han | Chengdu | Kingdom | 221–263 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Southern Qi | Jiankang | Kingdom | 477–502 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Western Qin | Yongshicheng | Kingdom | 385–431 AD |
| Asia: East, China | Xianbei state | Nomadic (Empire) | 93–234 AD | |
| Asia: East, Japan | Japan | Various | Empire | 660 BC – present |
| Asia: East, Japan | Yamatai | Kingdom | 1st century – 3rd century AD | |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Baekje | Various | Kingdom | 18 BC – 660 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Balhae | Dongmo | Empire | 698–926 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Buyeo | Buyeoseong | Kingdom | 189 BC – 494 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Dongye | Chiefdom | 3rd century BC – 5th century AD | |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Gaya confederacy | Gaya | Confederacy | 42–562 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Goguryeo | Various | Kingdom | 37 BC – 668 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Mahan confederacy | Cheonan | Confederacy | 98 BC – 250 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Okjeo | Tribal state | 2nd century BC – 5th century AD | |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Samhan | Confederacy | 1st century BC – 4th century AD | |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Siljik | Kingdom | 102 – 6th century AD | |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Silla | Gyeongju | Kingdom | 55 BC – 935 AD |
| Asia: East, Korean Peninsula | Usan | Kingdom | 512–930 AD |
See also edit
- List of Copper Age states (c. 5000–3300 BC)
- List of Bronze Age states (c. 3300–1200 BC)
- List of Iron Age states (c. 1200–600 BC)
- List of Classical Age states (c. 600 BC–200 AD)
- List of states during the Middle Ages (c. 700–1500)
- List of former sovereign states
- List of states in the 3rd century
- List of states in the 4th century
- List of states in the 5th century
- List of states in the 6th century
- List of states in the 7th century
- List of ancient great powers
- List of medieval great powers
- List of modern great powers
- List of largest empires
- Lists of state leaders by year
- Ancient Africa
- Ancient Americas
- History of Central Asia
- Ancient China
- History of East Asia
- Ancient Europe
- History of India
- Ancient Iran
- Ancient Middle East
- Ancient Near East
- History of South Asia
References edit
- ^ Salway, Peter. "Gaelic Kingdoms: Kingdoms of Caledonia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 13 June 2014.