Gangga Negara (literally City of the Ganges) was a semi-legendary Malay-Hindu kingdom mentioned in the Malay Annals. Researchers believe that the kingdom was centred at Beruas and it collapsed after an attack by King Rajendra Chola I of Tamilakam, between 1025 and 1026. According to another Malay annals, the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa known as the Kedah Annals, Gangga Negara may have been founded by Merong Mahawangsa's son Raja Ganji Sarjuna of Kedah, allegedly a descendant of Alexander the Great or by the Khmer royalties no later than the 2nd century.[1] Raja Gangga Shah Johan was one of its kings.
Gangga Negara means "City on the Ganges" in Sanskrit,[2] the name derived[citation needed] from Ganganagar in northwest India where the Kambuja peoples inhabited. The Kambujas are an Indo-Iranian clan of the Indo-European family, originally localised in Pamirs and Badakshan. Commonly known as Hindu traders, they built their colonies[citation needed] in Southeast Asia around 2,000 years ago[3] at the Mekong valley and also at the Malay archipelago in Funan, Chenla, Champa, Khmer, Angkor, Langkasuka, Sailendra, Srivijaya, etc. Historians[who?] found that the Kambuja traders travelled from Gujarat to Sri Lanka and then to Ligor (Nakhon Sri Thammarat) of the northern Malay Peninsula, overland to Thailand and Cambodia.
Beruasedit
The first research into the Beruas kingdom was conducted by Colonel James Low in 1849 and a century later, by H. G. Quaritch Wales. According to the Museum and Antiquities Department, both researchers agreed that the Gangga Negara kingdom existed between 100 and 1000 CE[4] but could not ascertain the exact site. For years, villagers had unearthed artefacts believed to be from the ancient kingdoms, most of which are at present displayed at the Beruas Museum. Artefacts on display include a 128 kg cannon, swords, kris, coins, tin ingots, pottery from the Ming dynasty and various eras, and large jars. They can be dated back to the 5th and 6th century.[5] Through these artefacts, it has been postulated that Pengkalan (Ipoh), Kinta Valley, Tanjung Rambutan, Bidor and Sungai Siput were part of the kingdom. Artefacts also suggest that the kingdom's centre might have shifted several times. Gangga Negara was renamed to Beruas after the establishment of Islam there.
Beruas treeedit
The district of Beruas has found some royal Acehnese gravestones and this evidence has it linked to another historical source that a Samudera Pasai prince from Aceh named Malik rested at a Beruas tree, this tree gave the area its name where it can still be found in the nearby villages of Pengkalan Baru[6] and Batang Kubu.[7]
Galleryedit
A photo taken from the National History Museum of Kuala Lumpur. An 8th-9th century bronze standing 8-armed Buddhist Avalokitesvara statue found at Anglo Oriental, Bidor, Perak tin mine in year 1936. 79 cm height.
A 6th century Buddha statues (left) found at Ipoh. A 9th century Hindu priest teacher statue (right) found at Jalong, Perak.
^Brown, C.C. (1952). "The Malay Annals". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (2/3 (159)): 5–276. JSTOR 41502950. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
^S. Durai Raja Singam Printed by Liang Khoo Printing Co., 1962 -Language Arts & Disciplines -253 pages
^Peter Church, ed. (2012). A Short History of South-East Asia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-11-183-5044-7.
^Research on the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore, By Faridah Abdul Rashid
^Neutron radiography: proceedings of the second world conference, Paris, France, June 16-20, 1986 John Penrose Barton, Commission of the European Communities, D. Reidel, 1987 -928 pages
^"Nama asalnya Belukar Sambang". Utusan. 18 June 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^Othman bin Mohd. Yatim; Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abd. Rahman (Nik.); Abd. Hamid Zamburi; Zainol Haji Hussin; Abd. Latib Ariffin (1994). Beruas: kerajaan Melayu kuno di Perak. Persatuan Muzium Malaysia, Muzium Negara. p. 3. OCLC 34548687.
External linksedit
Beruas Museum
National Library of Malaysia. . URL accessed 14 April 2006.
. URL accessed 14 April 2006.
January 01, 1970
gangga, negara, literally, city, ganges, semi, legendary, malay, hindu, kingdom, mentioned, malay, annals, researchers, believe, that, kingdom, centred, beruas, collapsed, after, attack, king, rajendra, chola, tamilakam, between, 1025, 1026, according, another. Gangga Negara literally City of the Ganges was a semi legendary Malay Hindu kingdom mentioned in the Malay Annals Researchers believe that the kingdom was centred at Beruas and it collapsed after an attack by King Rajendra Chola I of Tamilakam between 1025 and 1026 According to another Malay annals the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa known as the Kedah Annals Gangga Negara may have been founded by Merong Mahawangsa s son Raja Ganji Sarjuna of Kedah allegedly a descendant of Alexander the Great or by the Khmer royalties no later than the 2nd century 1 Raja Gangga Shah Johan was one of its kings City of the GangesGangga Negara Malay c 2nd century 1025 1026Beruas Manjung as Dinding on the map above was the presumed location of Gangga Negara as seen in this map of British Malaya CapitalBeruasCommon languagesOld MalayReligionHinduGovernmentMonarchyRaja History Establishmentc 2nd century Defeated by Chola Empire1025 1026Succeeded by Kedah KingdomToday part ofMalaysia Contents 1 Origin 2 Beruas 2 1 Beruas tree 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOrigin editGangga Negara means City on the Ganges in Sanskrit 2 the name derived citation needed from Ganganagar in northwest India where the Kambuja peoples inhabited The Kambujas are an Indo Iranian clan of the Indo European family originally localised in Pamirs and Badakshan Commonly known as Hindu traders they built their colonies citation needed in Southeast Asia around 2 000 years ago 3 at the Mekong valley and also at the Malay archipelago in Funan Chenla Champa Khmer Angkor Langkasuka Sailendra Srivijaya etc Historians who found that the Kambuja traders travelled from Gujarat to Sri Lanka and then to Ligor Nakhon Sri Thammarat of the northern Malay Peninsula overland to Thailand and Cambodia Beruas editThe first research into the Beruas kingdom was conducted by Colonel James Low in 1849 and a century later by H G Quaritch Wales According to the Museum and Antiquities Department both researchers agreed that the Gangga Negara kingdom existed between 100 and 1000 CE 4 but could not ascertain the exact site For years villagers had unearthed artefacts believed to be from the ancient kingdoms most of which are at present displayed at the Beruas Museum Artefacts on display include a 128 kg cannon swords kris coins tin ingots pottery from the Ming dynasty and various eras and large jars They can be dated back to the 5th and 6th century 5 Through these artefacts it has been postulated that Pengkalan Ipoh Kinta Valley Tanjung Rambutan Bidor and Sungai Siput were part of the kingdom Artefacts also suggest that the kingdom s centre might have shifted several times Gangga Negara was renamed to Beruas after the establishment of Islam there Beruas tree edit The district of Beruas has found some royal Acehnese gravestones and this evidence has it linked to another historical source that a Samudera Pasai prince from Aceh named Malik rested at a Beruas tree this tree gave the area its name where it can still be found in the nearby villages of Pengkalan Baru 6 and Batang Kubu 7 Gallery edit nbsp A photo taken from the National History Museum of Kuala Lumpur An 8th 9th century bronze standing 8 armed Buddhist Avalokitesvara statue found at Anglo Oriental Bidor Perak tin mine in year 1936 79 cm height nbsp A 6th century Buddha statues left found at Ipoh A 9th century Hindu priest teacher statue right found at Jalong Perak See also editBujang Valley Kota Gelanggi Champa Bhagiratha Indian maritime historyReferences edit Brown C C 1952 The Malay Annals Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 25 2 3 159 5 276 JSTOR 41502950 Retrieved 28 July 2022 S Durai Raja Singam Printed by Liang Khoo Printing Co 1962 Language Arts amp Disciplines 253 pages Peter Church ed 2012 A Short History of South East Asia John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 11 183 5044 7 Research on the Early Malay Doctors 1900 1957 Malaya and Singapore By Faridah Abdul Rashid Neutron radiography proceedings of the second world conference Paris France June 16 20 1986 John Penrose Barton Commission of the European Communities D Reidel 1987 928 pages Nama asalnya Belukar Sambang Utusan 18 June 2016 Retrieved 24 January 2019 Othman bin Mohd Yatim Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abd Rahman Nik Abd Hamid Zamburi Zainol Haji Hussin Abd Latib Ariffin 1994 Beruas kerajaan Melayu kuno di Perak Persatuan Muzium Malaysia Muzium Negara p 3 OCLC 34548687 External links edithttps web archive org web 20060623075820 http www sabrizain demon co uk malaya hindu htm https web archive org web 20060907055209 http muzium perak gov my m br bahan html Beruas Museum National Library of Malaysia Sejarah Malaysia URL accessed 14 April 2006 Laman Rasmi Muzium Muzium Negeri Perak URL accessed 14 April 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gangga Negara amp oldid 1214272139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
