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SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant

January 01, 1970

This article is about the Beta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. It is not to be confused with the genus of Betacoronavirus.

The Beta variant,[1][2] (B.1.351),[a] was[5][6] a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. One of several SARS-CoV-2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance, it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay[7] metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in October 2020,[8] which was reported by the country's health department on 18 December 2020.[9] Phylogeographic analysis suggests this variant emerged in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in July or August 2020.[10]

SARS-CoV-2 Variant
Beta
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
General details
WHO DesignationBeta
LineageB.1.351
First detectedNelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
Date reportedJuly 2020; 3 years ago (2020-07) or August 2020; 3 years ago (2020-08)
StatusVariant of concern
Cases map
Countries with confirmed cases of Beta variant as of 2 July 2021[1]
Legend:
  1,000+ confirmed sequences
  250–999 confirmed sequences
  100–249 confirmed sequences
  10–99 confirmed sequences
  2–9 confirmed sequences
  1 confirmed sequence
  None or no data available
Major variants

The World Health Organization labelled the variant as Beta variant, not to replace the scientific name but as a name for the public to commonly refer to.[11][12] The WHO considers it to be a variant of concern no longer in circulation.[5]

Names edit

The variant is also known as the South African variant.

Mutations edit

  •  
    Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on Spike.[13]
Mutational profile of Beta variant
(change of amino acid only)
Gene Nucleotide Amino acid
ORF1ab C1059T T265I
G5230T K1655N
C8660T H2799Y
C8964T S2900L
A10323G K3353R
G13843T D4527Y
C14408T1 P4715L
C17999T T5912I
Spike C21614T L18F
A21801C D80A
A22206G D215G
G22299T R246I
G22813T K417N
G23012A E484K
A23063T N501Y
A23403G1 D614G
G23664T A701V
ORF3a G25563T Q57H
C25904T S171L
E C26456T P71L
N C28887T T205I

Footnote: 1Presented in parent lineage B.1.

Source: Tegally et al. (2020), supplementary Fig S8

There are three mutations of particular interest in the spike region of the lineage B.1.351 genome:[14]

  • K417N
  • E484K
  • N501Y

and a further five spike mutations which have so far generated less concern:[14]

  • L18F
  • D80A
  • D215G
  • R246I
  • A701V

Away from the spike region, it also carries: K1655N, SGF 3675-3677 deletion, P71L, and T205I.[15]

Scientists noted that the variant is able to attach more easily to human cells because of three mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike glycoprotein of the virus: N501Y[9][16] (a change from asparagine (N) to tyrosine (Y)[17] in amino-acid position 501), K417N, and E484K.[18][19] Two of these mutations, E484K and N501Y, are within the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the receptor-binding domain (RBD).[20][21]

The N501Y mutation has also been detected in the United Kingdom.[9][22] Two mutations found in the Beta variant, E484K and K417N, are not found in Alpha variant. Also, Beta does not have the 69-70del mutation found in the other variant.[16][23]

Vaccine efficacy edit

See also: Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Janssen COVID-19 vaccine § Efficacy, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Novavax COVID-19 vaccine § Efficacy, Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine § Variants, Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine § Variants, CoronaVac § Variants, Covaxin § Variants, ZF2001 § Efficacy, and Abdala (vaccine) § Efficacy

On 4 January 2021, UK newspaper The Telegraph reported that Oxford immunologist Sir John Bell believed there was "a big question mark" over the new South African variant's potential resistance to COVID-19 vaccines, raising fears that vaccines might not work as effectively on that variant strain.[24] The same day Shabir Madhi, professor of vaccinology at the University of the Witwatersrand, commented to CBS News that "it's not a given" that the new Beta variant (501.V2 variant) would be able to evade the vaccines, but that it should be considered that they "might not have the full efficacy".[25] The additional mutations to the spike protein in Beta were raised as a concerning factor by Simon Clarke, an associate professor in cellular microbiology at the University of Reading, in that they "may make the virus less susceptible to the immune response triggered by the vaccines".[26] Lawrence Young, a virologist at Warwick University, also noted that the variant's multiple spike mutations "could lead to some escape from immune protection".[26]

The E484K amino acid change, a receptor-binding-domain (RBD) mutation, was reported to be "associated with escape from neutralising antibodies" which could adversely affect the efficacy of spike protein-dependent COVID vaccines.[27][28] The E484K spike mutation was linked to a case of reinfection with the Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, believed by researchers to be the first such case of reinfection involving this mutation.[29] The possibility of an alteration in antigenicity was referred to as an "escape mutation" from a monoclonal antibody with the capability of neutralizing the spike protein variants of SARS-CoV-2.[30][31] This suggests that existing vaccines can and should be updated to counter the new strains without recourse to phased trials.

Janssen edit

In January, Johnson & Johnson, which held trials for its Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccine in South Africa, reported the level of protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 infection was 72% in the United States, but 64% in South Africa.[32][33]

Pfizer–BioNTech edit

On 17 February 2021, Pfizer announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by two thirds for the Beta variant, whilst refraining from making claims about the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing illness as a result of this variant.[34]

On 16 March 2021, The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2) for section 21 Emergency Use Authorisation.[35]

 
Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine

On 1 April 2021, an update on a South African vaccine trial stated that the vaccine was 100% effective so far (i.e., vaccinated participants saw no cases), with six of nine infections in the placebo control group being the Beta variant (lineage B.1.351).[36] However, nine days later, an Israeli study found that the variant was present even in people who had received both shots of the vaccine, its prevalence a disproportionate, eight-fold increase amongst vaccinated individuals in comparison to wild strains.[37]

On 5 May 2021, a letter summarizing results from the Qatar National Study Group for COVID-19 Vaccination showed 75% effectiveness against infection, with zero cases of severe disease.[38]

Oxford–AstraZeneca edit

On 6 February 2021, The Financial Times reported that provisional trial data from a study undertaken by South Africa's University of the Witwatersrand in conjunction with Oxford University demonstrated reduced efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against the Beta variant. The study found that in a sample size of 2,000 the AZD1222 vaccine afforded only "minimal protection" in all but the most severe cases of COVID-19.[39]

On 7 February 2021, the South African government suspended the planned deployment of around 1 million doses of the vaccine whilst they examined the data and awaited advice on how to proceed.[40] The South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the vaccine, selling its supply to other African countries, and switched its vaccination program to use the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.[41][42]

In July 2021, following increased incidence of Beta in France, the United Kingdom - a major user of the AstraZeneca vaccine - placed additional restrictions on people travelling to the UK from France. However, the incidence in France is in its Indian Ocean territory of La Réunion,[43] as pointed out by French politician and doctor Veronique Trillet-Lenoir.[44]

Sinopharm BIBP edit

Other African countries have begun the roll out the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, with Morocco, Egypt, The Seychelles and Zimbabwe starting the mass rollout.[45] So far, the vaccine has proven resistant to the Beta variant, as demonstrated in Zimbabwe.[46] On 2 February 2021, a preprint paper announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by 1.6 fold for the Beta variant.[47]

Moderna edit

In February, Moderna reported that the current vaccine (mRNA-1273) produced only one sixth of the antibodies in response to the South African variant compared with the original virus. They have even launched a trial of a new vaccine to tackle the Beta variant.[48]

Sputnik V edit

The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) has confirmed that it has received documentation for the vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Institute in Russia.[49]

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is one of three Covid vaccines worldwide with an efficacy higher than 90% in symptomatic cases. It was found to be slightly less effective however it worked better than its rivals.[1] A three fold reduction in VNA was found against the beta variant. [2] [3] A small study of 12 samples published in the nature communications journal showed that the neutralising antibody response was about 6.1 times less against the beta variant.[50]

CoronaVac edit

CoronaVac is yet to be approved for use by the South African Health Products Authority (SAHPRA).[51] So far, Sinovac has offered to supply South Africa with 5 million doses of the vaccine.[52]

Covaxin edit

Covaxin has been found to be effective against the beta variant although with a three fold reduction in neutralization.

CoviVac edit

The CoviVac vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[53]

EpiVacCorona edit

The EpiVacCorona vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[54]

ZF2001 edit

The ZF2001 vaccine Information is in the process of being delivered to the South African government.[55]

Novavax edit

A study on the NVX-CoV2373 Novavax vaccine showed 60% efficacy (for HIV-negative participants) in South Africa, compared to 90% efficacy in Britain.[56]

ImmunityBio edit

The BioVac Institute, a state-backed South African vaccine company, plans to use a deal it won to manufacture coronavirus vaccines. The contract with American based ImmunityBio Inc is currently conducting phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa.[57]

ImmunityBio and BioVac plan to distribute the vaccines throughout South Africa and Africa.[58][59]

Epidemiology edit

Researchers and officials reported that the prevalence of the variant was higher among young people with no underlying health conditions, and more frequently causes serious illness in such cases than other variants.[60][61] The South African health department also indicated that the variant may be driving the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, as the variant spreads faster than other earlier variants of the virus.[9][60]

Statistics edit

History edit

A genomics team led by the KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal discovered the new variant.[62] It was uncovered by whole genome sequencing. Several genomic sequences from this lineage were submitted to the GISAID sequence database.[63][better source needed]

On 23 December 2020, UK health minister Matt Hancock announced that two people who had travelled from South Africa to the UK were infected with the Beta variant (501.V2 variant).[23][64] On 28 December, the variant had been detected in two people in Switzerland[65] and in one in Finland.[66] On 29 December, the strain had been detected in a visitor from South Africa to Japan,[67] and in one overseas traveller to Queensland, Australia.[68] On 30 December the variant was detected in Zambia.[69] On 31 December, it was also detected in France, in a passenger returning from South Africa.[70] On 2 January 2021, the first case of this variant was detected in South Korea.[71] Austria reported their first case of this variant, along with four cases of the Alpha variant on 4 January.[72] The Republic of Botswana also detected their first case on 4 January.[73] The People's Republic of China reported the first case of this variant in southern Guangdong province on 6 January.[74]

On 8 January 2021, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 3 cases, all linked to travel from South Africa.[75] On the same day a case of reinfection with the new variant by a woman who had had COVID-19 was reported from Brazil, the first such reinfection reported in the world.[29] Canada reported the first case of this variant in Alberta on 9 January,[76] and Israel reported four cases, all of which were imported in people travelling from South Africa.[77] New Zealand reported the first case of this variant on 10 January.[78][79] On 12 January, Germany reported the detection of the mutation in six people from three different households.[80] The same day, it was reported that the United Kingdom had a total of 29 cases, two of which were previously reported.[81] The following day, Belgium reported the first case in a person from West Flanders with no travel history,[82] Israel reported four further cases,[83] and Taiwan reported the first case in a Swazi man in his 30s who had tested positive for COVID-19 on 1 January.[84]

On 14 January, Germany detected a further case[85] and the following day, Canada reported a second case of the mutation which was detected in the Canadian province of British Columbia.[86] A further case was reported in Germany the same day.[87] Denmark and Réunion reported their first cases on 16 January as Israel discovered a further four cases.[88][89][90] On 17 January, Israel reported another four cases bringing their total number of cases of this variant to 20.[91] Two further cases were reported in The Netherlands on 18 January bringing the country's total to three.[92] Ghana reported its first case of the variant on 19 January.[93] On 23 January, Panama detected its first case of the strain in a person from Zimbabwe, who had travelled from South Africa.[94] Also on 23 January, Belgium reported at least 15 cases of the variant in Ostend,[95] while 6 cases were confirmed in the Comoros.[96] On 26 January, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 6 further cases.[97] The United States reported its first cases of the variant on 28 January 2021, in the state of South Carolina.[98] On 27 January, Israel reported 3 more cases which were the first cases of the variant from samples that were collected in the community randomly, without knowing the source of infection.[99] Preliminary data reported by Africa CDC on 29 January indicated that the variant had reached Ghana.[100] On 31 January, Israel reported its first case of reinfection with the new variant by a man who returned from Turkey.[101]

On 1 February 2021, the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Health and Social Care reported the random detection of 11 cases of the variant where there was no connection to international travel.[102] The same day, the Canadian province of Ontario reported the first case of the variant in the Peel Region, with a similar absence of travel history and no contact with anyone who had recently been abroad.[103] On 8 February, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 2 further cases.[104]

On 8 February 2021, Austria detected the greatest outbreak of Beta variant in Europe so far. A total of 293 confirmed cases and 200 suspected cases have been identified through sequencing, most of them will be confirmed in all probability. All of the cases were found in the Tirol region, where nearly 9% of the positive PCR tests were identified as the Beta variant by sequencing.[105] The active cases were estimated at around 140. After a week of public discussion and political pressure about a possible quarantine of Tirol, the government of Austria abstained from isolating the areas of concern, instead making a formal plea to reduce movement in and out of the region and go for testing after visiting Tirol.[106] Tirolean officials stated their intention to relax the lockdown rules in Tirol in keeping with the rest of Austria.[107]

On 22 February, the Israeli Health Ministry stated that the variant had been genetically sequenced in just under 1% of 3,000 community samples.[108] Later on, Israel reported a total of 444 cases of the variant, making it the highest infection rate in the world outside South Africa.[109] On 25 February, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 4 further cases.[110] By late February, Turkey had 49 cases of the Beta variant.[111]

On 3 March 2021, the Philippines confirmed its first 6 new cases of the South African variant, with 3 patients from Pasay with no travel history, and 3 with travel histories from Qatar and UAE.[112] On 5 March 2021, Romania reported its first two cases of the South African variant, coming from two patients in Bucharest and Pitești.[113]

On 23 March 2021, Lithuania confirmed its first 2 new cases of the South African strain, 1 in Kaunas county and 1 in Vilnius. There are 10 more suspected cases of it. The infected people said, that they didn't travel anywhere.[114] On 26 March there were 3 more cases confirmed, which means that virus is successfully spreading inside.

On 1 April 2021, Malaysia detected its first cases of South African variant. The health ministry reported two cases believed to originate from the Jalan Lima cluster, involving an employee based at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), with other reported cases sparsely detected within Selangor.[115] As of 1 April, a total of nine cases involving the variant is reported.[116] By 2 May, a total of 48 cases has been detected in least 5 clusters and from contact tracing, of which 20 were found in two clusters in Perak and Kelantan.[117]

On 12 April 2021 Turkey had 285 cases in 11 provinces.[118]

Extinction edit

In March 2022, the World Health Organization listed the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants as previously circulating citing lack of any detected cases in the prior weeks and months.[119]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Other names include:[3][4]
    – 20H/501Y.V2 (formerly 20C/501Y.V2)
    – 501Y.V2 variant
    – South African COVID-19 variant

References edit

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External links edit

  • PANGO lineages: New Variant Report - Report on global distribution of lineage B.1.351
  • COG-UK Report on SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutations of interest in the UK

January 01, 1970
sars, beta, variant, this, article, about, beta, variant, sars, virus, that, causes, covid, confused, with, genus, betacoronavirus, beta, variant, variant, sars, virus, that, causes, covid, several, sars, variants, initially, believed, particular, importance, . This article is about the Beta variant of the SARS CoV 2 virus that causes COVID 19 It is not to be confused with the genus of Betacoronavirus The Beta variant 1 2 B 1 351 a was 5 6 a variant of SARS CoV 2 the virus that causes COVID 19 One of several SARS CoV 2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay 7 metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in October 2020 8 which was reported by the country s health department on 18 December 2020 9 Phylogeographic analysis suggests this variant emerged in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in July or August 2020 10 SARS CoV 2 VariantBetaScientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS CoV 2 Each ball is an atom General detailsWHO DesignationBetaLineageB 1 351First detectedNelson Mandela Bay South AfricaDate reportedJuly 2020 3 years ago 2020 07 or August 2020 3 years ago 2020 08 StatusVariant of concernCases mapCountries with confirmed cases of Beta variant as of 2 July 2021 1 Legend 1 000 confirmed sequences 250 999 confirmed sequences 100 249 confirmed sequences 10 99 confirmed sequences 2 9 confirmed sequences 1 confirmed sequence None or no data availableMajor variantsAlpha B 1 1 7 Beta B 1 351 Gamma P 1 Delta B 1 617 2 Omicron B 1 1 529 BA 1 B 1 1 529 1 BA 2 B 1 1 529 2 BA 3 B 1 1 529 3 BA 4 B 1 1 529 4 BA 5 B 1 1 529 5 vte The World Health Organization labelled the variant as Beta variant not to replace the scientific name but as a name for the public to commonly refer to 11 12 The WHO considers it to be a variant of concern no longer in circulation 5 Contents 1 Names 2 Mutations 3 Vaccine efficacy 3 1 Janssen 3 2 Pfizer BioNTech 3 3 Oxford AstraZeneca 3 4 Sinopharm BIBP 3 5 Moderna 3 6 Sputnik V 3 7 CoronaVac 3 8 Covaxin 3 9 CoviVac 3 10 EpiVacCorona 3 11 ZF2001 3 12 Novavax 3 13 ImmunityBio 4 Epidemiology 5 Statistics 6 History 7 Extinction 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksNames editThe variant is also known as the South African variant Mutations edit nbsp Amino acid mutations of SARS CoV 2 Beta variant plotted on a genome map of SARS CoV 2 with a focus on Spike 13 Mutational profile of Beta variant change of amino acid only Gene Nucleotide Amino acid ORF1ab C1059T T265I G5230T K1655N C8660T H2799Y C8964T S2900L A10323G K3353R G13843T D4527Y C14408T1 P4715L C17999T T5912I Spike C21614T L18F A21801C D80A A22206G D215G G22299T R246I G22813T K417N G23012A E484K A23063T N501Y A23403G1 D614G G23664T A701V ORF3a G25563T Q57H C25904T S171L E C26456T P71L N C28887T T205I Footnote 1Presented in parent lineage B 1 Source Tegally et al 2020 supplementary Fig S8 There are three mutations of particular interest in the spike region of the lineage B 1 351 genome 14 K417N E484K N501Y and a further five spike mutations which have so far generated less concern 14 L18F D80A D215G R246I A701V Away from the spike region it also carries K1655N SGF 3675 3677 deletion P71L and T205I 15 Scientists noted that the variant is able to attach more easily to human cells because of three mutations in the receptor binding domain RBD in the spike glycoprotein of the virus N501Y 9 16 a change from asparagine N to tyrosine Y 17 in amino acid position 501 K417N and E484K 18 19 Two of these mutations E484K and N501Y are within the receptor binding motif RBM of the receptor binding domain RBD 20 21 The N501Y mutation has also been detected in the United Kingdom 9 22 Two mutations found in the Beta variant E484K and K417N are not found in Alpha variant Also Beta does not have the 69 70del mutation found in the other variant 16 23 Vaccine efficacy editSee also Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccine Effectiveness Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine Effectiveness Janssen COVID 19 vaccine Efficacy Moderna COVID 19 vaccine Effectiveness Novavax COVID 19 vaccine Efficacy Sinopharm BIBP COVID 19 vaccine Variants Sputnik V COVID 19 vaccine Variants CoronaVac Variants Covaxin Variants ZF2001 Efficacy and Abdala vaccine Efficacy On 4 January 2021 UK newspaper The Telegraph reported that Oxford immunologist Sir John Bell believed there was a big question mark over the new South African variant s potential resistance to COVID 19 vaccines raising fears that vaccines might not work as effectively on that variant strain 24 The same day Shabir Madhi professor of vaccinology at the University of the Witwatersrand commented to CBS News that it s not a given that the new Beta variant 501 V2 variant would be able to evade the vaccines but that it should be considered that they might not have the full efficacy 25 The additional mutations to the spike protein in Beta were raised as a concerning factor by Simon Clarke an associate professor in cellular microbiology at the University of Reading in that they may make the virus less susceptible to the immune response triggered by the vaccines 26 Lawrence Young a virologist at Warwick University also noted that the variant s multiple spike mutations could lead to some escape from immune protection 26 The E484K amino acid change a receptor binding domain RBD mutation was reported to be associated with escape from neutralising antibodies which could adversely affect the efficacy of spike protein dependent COVID vaccines 27 28 The E484K spike mutation was linked to a case of reinfection with the Beta variant of SARS CoV 2 in Brazil believed by researchers to be the first such case of reinfection involving this mutation 29 The possibility of an alteration in antigenicity was referred to as an escape mutation from a monoclonal antibody with the capability of neutralizing the spike protein variants of SARS CoV 2 30 31 This suggests that existing vaccines can and should be updated to counter the new strains without recourse to phased trials Janssen edit In January Johnson amp Johnson which held trials for its Janssen Ad26 COV2 S vaccine in South Africa reported the level of protection against moderate to severe COVID 19 infection was 72 in the United States but 64 in South Africa 32 33 Pfizer BioNTech edit On 17 February 2021 Pfizer announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by two thirds for the Beta variant whilst refraining from making claims about the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing illness as a result of this variant 34 On 16 March 2021 The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority SAHPRA approved the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine BNT162b2 for section 21 Emergency Use Authorisation 35 nbsp Pfizer BioNTech vaccine On 1 April 2021 an update on a South African vaccine trial stated that the vaccine was 100 effective so far i e vaccinated participants saw no cases with six of nine infections in the placebo control group being the Beta variant lineage B 1 351 36 However nine days later an Israeli study found that the variant was present even in people who had received both shots of the vaccine its prevalence a disproportionate eight fold increase amongst vaccinated individuals in comparison to wild strains 37 On 5 May 2021 a letter summarizing results from the Qatar National Study Group for COVID 19 Vaccination showed 75 effectiveness against infection with zero cases of severe disease 38 Oxford AstraZeneca edit On 6 February 2021 The Financial Times reported that provisional trial data from a study undertaken by South Africa s University of the Witwatersrand in conjunction with Oxford University demonstrated reduced efficacy of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccine AZD1222 against the Beta variant The study found that in a sample size of 2 000 the AZD1222 vaccine afforded only minimal protection in all but the most severe cases of COVID 19 39 On 7 February 2021 the South African government suspended the planned deployment of around 1 million doses of the vaccine whilst they examined the data and awaited advice on how to proceed 40 The South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the vaccine selling its supply to other African countries and switched its vaccination program to use the Janssen COVID 19 vaccine 41 42 In July 2021 following increased incidence of Beta in France the United Kingdom a major user of the AstraZeneca vaccine placed additional restrictions on people travelling to the UK from France However the incidence in France is in its Indian Ocean territory of La Reunion 43 as pointed out by French politician and doctor Veronique Trillet Lenoir 44 Sinopharm BIBP edit Other African countries have begun the roll out the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine with Morocco Egypt The Seychelles and Zimbabwe starting the mass rollout 45 So far the vaccine has proven resistant to the Beta variant as demonstrated in Zimbabwe 46 On 2 February 2021 a preprint paper announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by 1 6 fold for the Beta variant 47 Moderna edit In February Moderna reported that the current vaccine mRNA 1273 produced only one sixth of the antibodies in response to the South African variant compared with the original virus They have even launched a trial of a new vaccine to tackle the Beta variant 48 Sputnik V edit The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority SAHPRA has confirmed that it has received documentation for the vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Institute in Russia 49 Sputnik V Gam COVID Vac is one of three Covid vaccines worldwide with an efficacy higher than 90 in symptomatic cases It was found to be slightly less effective however it worked better than its rivals 1 A three fold reduction in VNA was found against the beta variant 2 3 A small study of 12 samples published in the nature communications journal showed that the neutralising antibody response was about 6 1 times less against the beta variant 50 CoronaVac edit CoronaVac is yet to be approved for use by the South African Health Products Authority SAHPRA 51 So far Sinovac has offered to supply South Africa with 5 million doses of the vaccine 52 Covaxin edit Covaxin has been found to be effective against the beta variant although with a three fold reduction in neutralization CoviVac edit The CoviVac vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet 53 EpiVacCorona edit The EpiVacCorona vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet 54 ZF2001 edit The ZF2001 vaccine Information is in the process of being delivered to the South African government 55 Novavax edit A study on the NVX CoV2373 Novavax vaccine showed 60 efficacy for HIV negative participants in South Africa compared to 90 efficacy in Britain 56 ImmunityBio edit The BioVac Institute a state backed South African vaccine company plans to use a deal it won to manufacture coronavirus vaccines The contract with American based ImmunityBio Inc is currently conducting phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa 57 ImmunityBio and BioVac plan to distribute the vaccines throughout South Africa and Africa 58 59 Epidemiology editResearchers and officials reported that the prevalence of the variant was higher among young people with no underlying health conditions and more frequently causes serious illness in such cases than other variants 60 61 The South African health department also indicated that the variant may be driving the second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic in the country as the variant spreads faster than other earlier variants of the virus 9 60 Statistics editCases by country Country Confirmed cases GISAID 1 as of 16 January 2024 Collection date nbsp Angola 401 22 April 2021 nbsp Argentina 1 24 April 2021 nbsp Aruba 4 10 April 2021 nbsp Australia 73 28 June 2021 nbsp Austria 260 8 June 2021 nbsp Bahrain 1 9 April 2021 nbsp Bangladesh 56 16 June 2021 nbsp Belgium 1 075 14 June 2021 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 11 February 2021 nbsp Botswana 342 27 June 2021 nbsp Brazil 6 5 April 2021 nbsp Brunei 1 20 January 2021 nbsp Bulgaria 2 9 June 2021 nbsp Cambodia 1 31 May 2021 nbsp Cameroon 9 1 March 2021 nbsp Canada 885 21 June 2021 nbsp Chile 4 22 May 2021 nbsp China 100 4 June 2021 nbsp Colombia 1 13 April 2021 nbsp Costa Rica 12 4 May 2021 nbsp Cote d Ivoire 1 6 March 2021 nbsp Croatia 41 nbsp Czech Republic 71 10 June 2021 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 20 April 2021 nbsp Denmark 121 29 June 2021 nbsp Djibouti 22 9 April 2021 nbsp Equatorial Guinea 43 1 April 2021 nbsp Estonia 37 23 April 2021 nbsp Eswatini 26 23 March 2021 nbsp Finland 1 123 21 May 2021 nbsp France 2 149 23 June 2021 nbsp French Guiana 2 7 April 2021 nbsp Gabon 4 21 February 2021 nbsp Georgia 1 23 May 2021 nbsp Germany 2 231 19 June 2021 nbsp Ghana 17 8 April 2021 nbsp Greece 19 29 April 2021 nbsp Guadeloupe 4 25 May 2021 nbsp Guam 3 28 April 2021 nbsp Guinea Bissau 1 1 February 2021 nbsp India 208 14 June 2021 nbsp Indonesia 10 2 June 2021 nbsp Iran 2 3 April 2021 nbsp Iraq 1 26 February 2021 nbsp Ireland 69 19 April 2021 nbsp Israel 240 28 May 2021 nbsp Italy 69 1 June 2021 nbsp Japan 89 13 June 2021 nbsp Jordan 2 18 April 2021 nbsp Kenya 178 31 May 2021 nbsp Kuwait 1 21 June 2021 nbsp Latvia 9 13 May 2021 nbsp Lesotho 14 18 January 2021 nbsp Lithuania 11 9 April 2021 nbsp Luxembourg 744 22 May 2021 nbsp Malawi 312 16 April 2021 nbsp Malaysia 161 10 June 2021 nbsp Malta 3 1 June 2021 nbsp Martinique 2 28 April 2021 nbsp Mauritius 7 12 March 2021 nbsp Mayotte 32 31 January 2021 nbsp Mexico 20 16 May 2021 nbsp Mozambique 328 22 April 2021 nbsp Namibia 9 nbsp Netherlands 693 27 May 2021 nbsp New Zealand 31 25 June 2021 nbsp North Macedonia 1 10 March 2021 nbsp Norway 362 11 June 2021 nbsp Pakistan 35 5 June 2021 nbsp Panama 2 12 January 2021 nbsp Philippines 1 213 8 April 2021 nbsp Poland 45 7 June 2021 nbsp Portugal 99 2 June 2021 nbsp Qatar 650 18 May 2021 nbsp Reunion 400 19 June 2021 nbsp Romania 7 26 May 2021 nbsp Russia 23 12 June 2021 nbsp Rwanda 39 15 June 2021 nbsp Saudi Arabia 3 15 April 2021 nbsp Singapore 100 25 June 2021 nbsp Sint Maarten 1 24 March 2021 nbsp Slovakia 31 27 May 2021 nbsp Slovenia 31 6 April 2021 nbsp Somalia 1 nbsp South Africa 6 154 21 June 2021 nbsp South Korea 19 17 April 2021 nbsp South Sudan 3 24 April 2021 nbsp Spain 588 18 June 2021 nbsp Sri Lanka 4 26 March 2021 nbsp Suriname 5 31 March 2021 nbsp Sweden 2 322 17 June 2021 nbsp Switzerland 225 22 June 2021 nbsp Taiwan 95 26 April 2021 nbsp Thailand 40 25 May 2021 nbsp Togo 2 5 February 2021 nbsp Tunisia 1 24 April 2021 nbsp Turkey 912 24 May 2021 nbsp Uganda 13 2 April 2021 nbsp United Arab Emirates 6 27 April 2021 nbsp United Kingdom 885 24 June 2021 nbsp USA 2 995 28 June 2021 nbsp Zambia 161 28 April 2021 nbsp Zimbabwe 331 26 February 2021 World 103 countries Total 28 380 Total as of 21 July 2021History editA genomics team led by the KwaZulu Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform KRISP at the University of KwaZulu Natal discovered the new variant 62 It was uncovered by whole genome sequencing Several genomic sequences from this lineage were submitted to the GISAID sequence database 63 better source needed On 23 December 2020 UK health minister Matt Hancock announced that two people who had travelled from South Africa to the UK were infected with the Beta variant 501 V2 variant 23 64 On 28 December the variant had been detected in two people in Switzerland 65 and in one in Finland 66 On 29 December the strain had been detected in a visitor from South Africa to Japan 67 and in one overseas traveller to Queensland Australia 68 On 30 December the variant was detected in Zambia 69 On 31 December it was also detected in France in a passenger returning from South Africa 70 On 2 January 2021 the first case of this variant was detected in South Korea 71 Austria reported their first case of this variant along with four cases of the Alpha variant on 4 January 72 The Republic of Botswana also detected their first case on 4 January 73 The People s Republic of China reported the first case of this variant in southern Guangdong province on 6 January 74 On 8 January 2021 the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 3 cases all linked to travel from South Africa 75 On the same day a case of reinfection with the new variant by a woman who had had COVID 19 was reported from Brazil the first such reinfection reported in the world 29 Canada reported the first case of this variant in Alberta on 9 January 76 and Israel reported four cases all of which were imported in people travelling from South Africa 77 New Zealand reported the first case of this variant on 10 January 78 79 On 12 January Germany reported the detection of the mutation in six people from three different households 80 The same day it was reported that the United Kingdom had a total of 29 cases two of which were previously reported 81 The following day Belgium reported the first case in a person from West Flanders with no travel history 82 Israel reported four further cases 83 and Taiwan reported the first case in a Swazi man in his 30s who had tested positive for COVID 19 on 1 January 84 On 14 January Germany detected a further case 85 and the following day Canada reported a second case of the mutation which was detected in the Canadian province of British Columbia 86 A further case was reported in Germany the same day 87 Denmark and Reunion reported their first cases on 16 January as Israel discovered a further four cases 88 89 90 On 17 January Israel reported another four cases bringing their total number of cases of this variant to 20 91 Two further cases were reported in The Netherlands on 18 January bringing the country s total to three 92 Ghana reported its first case of the variant on 19 January 93 On 23 January Panama detected its first case of the strain in a person from Zimbabwe who had travelled from South Africa 94 Also on 23 January Belgium reported at least 15 cases of the variant in Ostend 95 while 6 cases were confirmed in the Comoros 96 On 26 January the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 6 further cases 97 The United States reported its first cases of the variant on 28 January 2021 in the state of South Carolina 98 On 27 January Israel reported 3 more cases which were the first cases of the variant from samples that were collected in the community randomly without knowing the source of infection 99 Preliminary data reported by Africa CDC on 29 January indicated that the variant had reached Ghana 100 On 31 January Israel reported its first case of reinfection with the new variant by a man who returned from Turkey 101 On 1 February 2021 the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Health and Social Care reported the random detection of 11 cases of the variant where there was no connection to international travel 102 The same day the Canadian province of Ontario reported the first case of the variant in the Peel Region with a similar absence of travel history and no contact with anyone who had recently been abroad 103 On 8 February the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 2 further cases 104 On 8 February 2021 Austria detected the greatest outbreak of Beta variant in Europe so far A total of 293 confirmed cases and 200 suspected cases have been identified through sequencing most of them will be confirmed in all probability All of the cases were found in the Tirol region where nearly 9 of the positive PCR tests were identified as the Beta variant by sequencing 105 The active cases were estimated at around 140 After a week of public discussion and political pressure about a possible quarantine of Tirol the government of Austria abstained from isolating the areas of concern instead making a formal plea to reduce movement in and out of the region and go for testing after visiting Tirol 106 Tirolean officials stated their intention to relax the lockdown rules in Tirol in keeping with the rest of Austria 107 On 22 February the Israeli Health Ministry stated that the variant had been genetically sequenced in just under 1 of 3 000 community samples 108 Later on Israel reported a total of 444 cases of the variant making it the highest infection rate in the world outside South Africa 109 On 25 February the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 4 further cases 110 By late February Turkey had 49 cases of the Beta variant 111 On 3 March 2021 the Philippines confirmed its first 6 new cases of the South African variant with 3 patients from Pasay with no travel history and 3 with travel histories from Qatar and UAE 112 On 5 March 2021 Romania reported its first two cases of the South African variant coming from two patients in Bucharest and Pitești 113 On 23 March 2021 Lithuania confirmed its first 2 new cases of the South African strain 1 in Kaunas county and 1 in Vilnius There are 10 more suspected cases of it The infected people said that they didn t travel anywhere 114 On 26 March there were 3 more cases confirmed which means that virus is successfully spreading inside On 1 April 2021 Malaysia detected its first cases of South African variant The health ministry reported two cases believed to originate from the Jalan Lima cluster involving an employee based at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport KLIA with other reported cases sparsely detected within Selangor 115 As of 1 April a total of nine cases involving the variant is reported 116 By 2 May a total of 48 cases has been detected in least 5 clusters and from contact tracing of which 20 were found in two clusters in Perak and Kelantan 117 On 12 April 2021 Turkey had 285 cases in 11 provinces 118 Extinction editIn March 2022 the World Health Organization listed the Alpha Beta and Gamma variants as previously circulating citing lack of any detected cases in the prior weeks and months 119 See also edit nbsp COVID 19 portal nbsp Medicine portal nbsp Viruses portal COVID 19 pandemic in South Africa COVID 19 vaccination in South Africa Variants of SARS CoV 2 Alpha Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu OmicronNotes edit Other names include 3 4 20H 501Y V2 formerly 20C 501Y V2 501Y V2 variant South African COVID 19 variantReferences edit a b c GISAID hCov19 Variants www gisaid org Retrieved 21 July 2021 Tracking SARS CoV 2 variants www who int Retrieved 1 June 2021 Emerging SARS CoV 2 Variants Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3 January 2021 For a list of sources see South African COVID 19 variant a b Tracking SARS CoV 2 variants www who int Retrieved 17 August 2022 Variants of concern CDGN Retrieved 17 August 2022 SA reaches grim milestone of 1 million Covid 19 cases www iol co za Retrieved 29 December 2020 Covid South Africa passes one million infections as cases surge BBC News 28 December 2020 Retrieved 29 December 2020 a b c d South Africa announces a new coronavirus variant The New York Times 18 December 2020 Retrieved 20 December 2020 N501Y has been found in other countries including the United Kingdom Houriiyah Tegally et al 22 December 2020 Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa medrxiv doi 10 1101 2020 12 21 20248640 Retrieved 10 March 2021 Spatiotemporal phylogeographic analysis suggests that the 501Y V2 lineage emerged in early August early July end August 2020 95 highest posterior density in Nelson Mandela Bay Tracking SARS CoV 2 variants www who int Retrieved 1 June 2021 TIMESOFINDIA COM 2 June 2021 Explained Why WHO named Covid 19 variants first found in India as Kappa and Delta The Times of India Retrieved 2 June 2021 Spike Variants Beta variant aka B 1 351 501Y V2 20C 501Y V2 and South African COVID 19 variant 24 June 2021 covdb stanford edu accessed 1 July 2021 a b Corum Jonathan Zimmer Carl 18 January 2021 Inside the B 1 1 7 Coronavirus Variant Updated Feb 18 2021 The New York Times Retrieved 23 February 2021 Corum Jonathan Zimmer Carl 24 February 2021 Coronavirus Variants and Mutations Section The B 1 351 Lineage www nytimes com Retrieved 25 February 2021 a b Abdool Karim Salim 19 December 2020 The 2nd Covid 19 wave in South Africa Transmissibility amp a 501 V2 variant Scribd CAPRISA p 11 Retrieved 24 December 2020 For a list of the symbols used for the a amino acids incorporated into protein under mRNA direction see Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides IUPAC IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature 1983 Archived from the original on 9 October 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2018 Statement of the WHO Working Group on COVID 19 Animal Models WHO COM about the UK and South African SARS CoV 2 new variants PDF World Health Organization 22 December 2020 retrieved 23 December 2020 Lowe Derek 22 December 2020 The New Mutations In The Pipeline American Association for the Advancement of Science Retrieved 23 December 2020 I should note here that there s another strain in South Africa that is bringing on similar concerns This one has eight mutations in the Spike protein with three of them K417N E484K and N501Y that may have some functional role Expert reaction to South African variant of SARS CoV 2 Science Media Centre Retrieved 26 December 2020 Tegally Houriiyah Wilkinson Eduan Giovanetti Marta Iranzadeh Arash Fonseca Vagner Giandhari Jennifer et al 2020 Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa Report doi 10 1101 2020 12 21 20248640 S2CID 229348551 Novel mutation combination in spike receptor binding site Press release GISAID 21 December 2020 Archived from the original on 22 February 2021 Retrieved 23 December 2020 a b Expert reaction to South African variant of SARS CoV 2 as mentioned by Matt Hancock at the Downing Street press briefing Science Media Centre 23 December 2020 Retrieved 24 December 2020 The South African variant 501 V2 is characterised by N501Y E484K and K417N mutations in the S protein so it shares the N501Y mutation with the UK variant but the other two mutations are not found in the UK variant Similarly the South African variant does not contain the 69 70del mutation that is found in the UK variant Knapton Sarah 4 January 2021 South African variant may evade vaccines and testing warn scientists www telegraph co uk Carter Sarah 4 January 2021 COVID vaccines might not work as well on South African strain scientists warn CBS News Johannesburg a b UK scientists worry vaccines may not protect against S African coronavirus variant Reuters 4 January 2021 Retrieved 5 January 2021 New virus mutation raises vaccine questions France 24 Paris 13 January 2021 Retrieved 13 January 2021 Callaway Ewen 7 January 2021 Could new COVID variants undermine vaccines Labs scramble to find out Nature Retrieved 17 January 2021 Chief among those is another receptor binding domain mutation called E484K that de Oliveira s team has identified in the 501Y V2 variant a b South African coronavirus variant detected in reinfection case in Brazil www reuters com 8 January 2021 Retrieved 11 January 2021 Weisblum Yiska Schmidt Fabian Zhang Fengwen Dasilva Justin Poston Daniel Lorenzi Julio CC et al 20 October 2020 Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS CoV 2 spike protein variants eLife 9 doi 10 7554 eLife 61312 PMC 7723407 PMID 33112236 Brief report New Variant Strain of SARS CoV 2 Identified in Travelers from Brazil PDF Press release Japan NIID National Institute of Infectious Diseases 12 January 2021 Retrieved 16 January 2021 Emergency use authorization EUA of the Janssen COVID 19 vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 PDF Janssen COVID 19 Vaccine Authorization Food and Drug Administration 23 April 2021 Table 8 Johnson amp Johnson Announces Single Shot Janssen COVID 19 Vaccine Candidate Met Primary Endpoints in Interim Analysis of its Phase 3 ENSEMBLE Trial jnj com 29 January 2021 Retrieved 29 January 2021 Liu Yang Liu Jianying Xia Hongjie Zhang Xianwen Fontes Garfias Camila R Swanson Kena A et al 17 February 2021 Neutralizing Activity of BNT162b2 Elicited Serum Preliminary Report New England Journal of Medicine doi 10 1056 nejmc2102017 PMC 7944950 PMID 33596352 Staff Writer South Africa approves Pfizer Covid 19 vaccine for emergency use Retrieved 19 March 2021 Pfizer and BioNTech Confirm High Efficacy and No Serious Safety Concerns Through Up to Six Months Following Second Dose in Updated Topline Analysis of Landmark COVID 19 Vaccine Study Pfizer 1 April 2021 Retrieved 2 April 2021 South African variant may evade protection from Pfizer vaccine Israeli study says Reuters 11 April 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2021 Abu Raddad L J Chemaitelly H Butt A A 5 May 2021 Correspondence Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid 19 Vaccine against the B 1 1 7 and B 1 351 Variants New England Journal of Medicine 385 2 National Study Group for COVID 19 Vaccination 187 189 doi 10 1056 NEJMc2104974 PMC 8117967 PMID 33951357 Booth William Johnson Carolyn Y 7 February 2021 South Africa suspends Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine rollout after researchers report minimal protection against coronavirus variant The Washington Post London Retrieved 8 February 2021 South Africa will suspend use of the coronavirus vaccine being developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca after researchers found it provided minimal protection against mild to moderate coronavirus infections caused by the new variant first detected in that country Covid South Africa halts AstraZeneca vaccine rollout over new variant BBC News 8 February 2021 Retrieved 12 February 2021 South Africa sells AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccines to other African countries Reuters 21 March 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2021 South Africa gets rid of 1 million AstraZeneca vaccine doses but why RFI 22 March 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2021 Just how widespread in France is the Beta variant of Covid 29 July 2021 Outcry grows over France amber plus move Independent co uk 18 July 2021 Other African countries are rapidly rolling out China s vaccine as SA awaits more data BusinessInsider Retrieved 20 March 2021 Covid South Africa variant now dominant in Zimbabwe BBC News 16 February 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2021 Huang Baoying Dai Lianpan Wang Hui Hu Zhongyu Yang Xiaoming Tan Wenjie Gao George F 2 February 2021 Neutralization of SARS CoV 2 VOC 501Y V2 by human antisera elicited by both inactivated BBIBP CorV and recombinant dimeric RBD ZF2001 vaccines bioRxiv 2021 02 01 429069 doi 10 1101 2021 02 01 429069 S2CID 231834094 Kuchler Hannah 25 January 2021 Moderna develops new vaccine to tackle mutant Covid strain Financial Times Retrieved 30 January 2021 Sahpra begins evaluation of Russia s Sputnik V vaccine for use in SA www iol co za Retrieved 20 March 2021 Basu Mohana 27 July 2021 Sputnik V found to be less effective against Beta variant in lab tests study says ThePrint Retrieved 15 December 2021 China s Sinovac offers SA 5 million vaccine doses within weeks 702 Retrieved 20 March 2021 Sinovac May Supply South Africa With 5 Million Vaccines Report Says Bloomberg com 18 March 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2021 Ellis Ralph Vaccine Not as Effective Against S African Variant WebMD Retrieved 20 March 2021 COVID 19 Latest global developments eNCA www enca com Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2021 South African SARS CoV 2 variant neutralized by two Chinese vaccines in case study News Medical net 4 February 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2021 Novavax COVID 19 Vaccine Demonstrates 89 3 Efficacy in UK Phase 3 Trial ir novavax com 28 January 2021 Archived from the original on 6 June 2021 Retrieved 30 January 2021 Covid 19 to Serve as Platform for South African Vaccine Industry Bloomberg com 19 March 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2021 Fisher Shamiela Nzimande excited about vaccine partnership between Biovac amp ImmunityBio ewn co za Retrieved 20 March 2021 Sguazzin Antony SA s BioVac to use deal with US based ImmunityBio to boost local vaccine creation CEO says Fin24 Retrieved 20 March 2021 a b Wroughton Lesley Bearak Max 18 December 2020 South Africa coronavirus Second wave fueled by new strain teen rage festivals The Washington Post Archived from the original on 27 December 2020 Retrieved 20 December 2020 Mkhize Dr Zwelini 18 December 2020 Update on Covid 19 18th December 2020 Press release South Africa COVID 19 South African Online Portal Retrieved 23 December 2020 Our clinicians have also warned us that things have changed and that younger previously healthy people are now becoming very sick South African scientists who discovered new Covid 19 variant share what they know www theconversation com 22 January 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2021 Risk Assessment Risk related to spread of new SARS CoV 2 variants of concern in the EU EEA www ecdc europa eu 29 December 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2021 This variant was first observed in samples from October and since then more than 300 cases with the 501 V2 variant have been confirmed by whole genome sequencing WGS in South Africa Sample Ian Grover Natalie 23 December 2020 South African Covid 19 variant has reached the UK says Matt Hancock The Guardian London Retrieved 4 January 2021 South African Covid variant discovered in Switzerland BusinessInsider Retrieved 29 December 2020 Update New UK South African variant Covid strains detected in Finland Yle News 28 December 2020 Retrieved 29 December 2020 South African coronavirus variant found in Japan News24 Retrieved 29 December 2020 First case of more contagious coronavirus strain detected in Australia 9 News 29 December 2020 Second COVID 19 wave confirmed in Zambia Xinhua News Agency 30 December 2020 France detects first case of South African strain of Covid 19 France24 31 December 2020 남아공 변이 코로나 첫 국내 확인 영국발 변이도 4건 추가 South Africa s mutant corona first confirmed in Korea 4 additional variations from UK in Korean Donga Ilbo 2 January 2021 British South African corornavirus sic mutations detected in Austria Reuters Berlin 4 January 2021 Retrieved 6 January 2021 Botswana government adjusts national lockdown regulations SABC News South Africa 4 January 2021 Retrieved 11 January 2021 the new strain of the COVID 19 virus known as 501V2 variant has been detected in Botswana Factbox Coronavirus variants first found in UK and South Africa spread worldwide Reuters 8 January 2021 Retrieved 16 January 2021 Statement from the National Public Health Emergency Team Friday 8 January Government of Ireland Department of Health 8 January 2021 Retrieved 8 January 2021 First case of South African COVID 19 variant detected in Canada dailyhive com 9 January 2021 Retrieved 11 January 2021 Israel records 4 cases of S African COVID 19 variant Ynet 9 January 2021 Retrieved 12 January 2021 coronavirus very contagious south africa variant now in new zealand www newshub co nz Martin Hannah Hunt Tom 10 January 2021 Covid 19 Health officials confirm 31 new cases of coronavirus first case of South African variant found Stuff website New Zealand Retrieved 13 January 2021 Gebauer Mathhias 12 January 2021 Coronavirus Sudafrikanische Virus Mutation auch in Deutschland nachgewiesen South African virus mutation also detected in Germany Der Spiegel in German Retrieved 13 January 2021 Mittlerweile gebe es sechs Virusnachweise bei sechs Personen aus drei Haushalten teilte das Ministerium mit There are now six virus detections in six people from three households the ministry said Sample Ian 12 January 2021 Public Health England steps up surveillance of South African Covid variant The Guardian London Retrieved 16 January 2021 Scientists are particularly concerned about the South African variant named B1351 At least 29 cases in the UK and three in Ireland have been recorded Alexander Verstraete 13 January 2021 Eerste geval met Zuid Afrikaanse coronavariant bevestigd in ons land net als 8 nieuwe gevallen van Britse variant First case with South African corona variant confirmed in our country as well as 8 new cases of British variant VRT Retrieved 13 January 2021 Four Additional Cases of the South African Variant Detected Ministry of Health Israel 13 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Taiwan reports first case of mutant South African Covid strain Taiwan News Taipei 13 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Corona Mutante aus Sudafrika in Hamburg entdeckt Corona mutant from South Africa discovered in Hamburg www t online de in German 14 January 2021 Retrieved 14 January 2021 Little Simon 15 January 2021 B C becomes 2nd province to identify South African COVID 19 variant Global News British Columbia Retrieved 15 January 2021 Sudafrika Corona Mutation jetzt auch in Hessen nachgewiesen South Africa Corona mutation now also detected in Hesse AerzteZeitung de in German 15 January 2021 Retrieved 16 January 2021 Status for udvikling af SARS CoV 2 Variants of Concern VOC i Danmark ssi dk in Danish Retrieved 4 March 2021 Yepes Manuel 16 January 2021 Covid un 1er cas de variant sud africain confirme a La Reunion Covid a 1st case of South African variant confirmed in Reunion Linfo re in French Retrieved 19 February 2021 Health Ministry reports 4 more cases of South African virus variant The Times of Israel 16 January 2021 Retrieved 16 January 2021 Gov t votes to require all Dubai returnees to isolate in COVID 19 hotels The Jerusalem Post 17 January 2021 Retrieved 17 January 2021 There are 20 known cases of the variant in the country that resulted from seven chains of infection Klaassen Niels 18 January 2021 Berekening van Nederlandse expertengroep Een op tien heeft nu Britse coronavariant mogelijk derde golf in maart Calculation of Dutch expert group One in ten now has British corona variant possibly third wave in March HLN in Dutch The Netherlands Retrieved 18 January 2021 Verder zijn er inmiddels drie gevallen van de Zuid Afrikaanse variant bekend een andere besmettelijke mutatie van het coronavirus Furthermore three cases of the South African variant another contagious mutation of the coronavirus are now known COVID 19 UK South Africa variants found in Ghana Senior Researcher Starr Fm 19 January 2021 Retrieved 12 February 2021 Panama detects first case of South Africa COVID 19 variant health ministry www reuters com 23 January 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2021 At least 15 sic cases of South African variant in Ostend VRT 23 January 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2021 Martin Guillaume 23 January 2021 Comores la ministre de la Sante confirme la presence du variant sud africain 6 cas sur les 100 en 24h Comoros the Minister of Health confirms the presence of the South African variant 6 cases out of 100 in 24 hours in French Free Dom Archived from the original on 8 February 2021 Retrieved 19 February 2021 Statement from the National Public Health Emergency Team Tuesday 26 January Government of Ireland Department of Health 26 January 2021 Retrieved 26 January 2021 Chappell Bill 28 January 2021 South Carolina Reports 1st Known U S Cases Of Variant From South Africa NPR News Retrieved 28 January 2021 30 Cases of the South African Variant Detected So Far Ministry of Health 27 January 2021 Retrieved 20 January 2021 New SARS CoV 2 variants in Africa Africa CDC 29 January 2021 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Yanko Adir 31 January 2021 In first Israeli reinfected with S African COVID variant Ynet Retrieved 31 January 2021 Coronavirus UK must come down hard on South African variant BBC News London 1 February 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 First case of South African variant confirmed in Ontario as province reports 1 969 cases of COVID 19 CBC News Toronto 1 February 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Bowers Fergal 8 February 2021 829 new Covid 19 cases six further deaths 230 776 vaccinations RTE News and Current Affairs Retrieved 8 February 2021 Mutationen 293 Sudafrika Falle in Tirol bestatigt Mutations 293 South Africa cases confirmed in Tyrol www vienna at 8 February 2021 Retrieved 9 February 2021 Bundesregierung spricht Reisewarnung fur Tirol aus Federal government issues travel warning for Tyrol www bundeskanzleramt gv at 8 February 2021 Retrieved 9 February 2021 Oltermann Philip 8 February 2021 Austria warns against travel to Tirol after Bavaria threatens border closure The Guardian Berlin Retrieved 8 February 2021 Health Ministry 1 of 3 000 COVID samples found be South African variant The Times of Israel 22 February 2021 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Another 444 individuals have been found to be carrying the South African variant 4 children hospitalized in critical condition with COVID 19 Israel Hayom 25 February 2021 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Another 444 individuals have been found to be carrying the South African variant McGlynn Michelle 25 February 2021 Nphet confirm new variant B1525 detected in Ireland as 35 deaths and 613 cases confirmed Irish Examiner Retrieved 25 February 2021 No virus variant originated in Turkey Health ministe aa com tr Ankara 25 February 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2021 PH finds six cases of COVID 19 variant detected in South Africa more cases of UK variant and mutations CNN News Manila 2 March 2021 Archived from the original on 12 August 2021 Retrieved 13 March 2021 Primele cazuri de infectare cu tulpina SARS CoV 2 sud africană descoperite in Romania First cases of infection with the South African SARS CoV 2 strain discovered in Romania in Romanian Europa FM 5 March 2021 Retrieved 5 March 2021 Simonyte Lietuvoje nustatyta dar viena pavojinga koronaviruso atmaina jau rytoj galima tiketis karantino grieztinimu Simonyte Another dangerous strain of coronavirus detected in Lithuania quarantine tightening can be expected tomorrow www delfi lt 23 March 2021 Retrieved 23 March 2021 Health Ministry South African Covid 19 variant detected in Malaysia The Star www thestar com my Retrieved 2 April 2021 Reporters F M T 1 April 2021 9 Covid 19 cases involving South African variant found Free Malaysia Today FMT Archived from the original on 1 April 2021 Retrieved 2 April 2021 Kenyataan Akhbar KPK 2 Mei 2021 Situasi Semasa Jangkitan Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 COVID 19 di Malaysia in Malay From the Desk of the Director General of Health Malaysia 2 May 2021 Retrieved 3 May 2021 Aliyev Jeyhun Hamit Dilara 12 April 2021 Turkey 85 of new COVID 19 cases due to UK variant S Africa COVID variant seen in 285 people in 11 of Turkey s 81 provinces Brazil strain seen in 166 people Health minister www aa com tr Retrieved 24 April 2021 Rachael Rettner 23 March 2022 Coronavirus variants Facts about omicron delta and other COVID 19 mutants livescience com Retrieved 17 August 2022 External links editPANGO lineages New Variant Report Report on global distribution of lineage B 1 351 COG UK Report on SARS CoV 2 Spike mutations of interest in the UK Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SARS CoV 2 Beta variant amp oldid 1202650344, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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