Leon Panetta
Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938)[1] is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in several different public office positions, including Secretary of Defense, CIA Director, White House Chief of Staff, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and as a U.S. Representative from California.
Leon Panetta | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2011 | |
| 23rd United States Secretary of Defense | |
| In office July 1, 2011 – February 26, 2013 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Deputy | William J. Lynn III Ash Carter |
| Preceded by | Robert Gates |
| Succeeded by | Chuck Hagel |
| 3rd Director of the Central Intelligence Agency | |
| In office February 13, 2009 – June 30, 2011 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Deputy | Stephen Kappes Michael Morell |
| Preceded by | Michael Hayden |
| Succeeded by | David Petraeus |
| 18th White House Chief of Staff | |
| In office July 17, 1994 – January 20, 1997 | |
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Mack McLarty |
| Succeeded by | Erskine Bowles |
| 29th Director of the Office of Management and Budget | |
| In office January 21, 1993 – July 17, 1994 | |
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Richard Darman |
| Succeeded by | Alice Rivlin |
| Chair of the House Budget Committee | |
| In office January 3, 1989 – January 21, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | William H. Gray |
| Succeeded by | Martin Olav Sabo |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California | |
| In office January 3, 1977 – January 21, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Burt Talcott (16th district) Cal Dooley (17th district) |
| Succeeded by | Don Edwards (16th district) Sam Farr (17th district) |
| Constituency | 16th district (1977–1993) 17th district (1993) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Leon Edward Panetta June 28, 1938 Monterey, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic (1971–present) |
| Other political affiliations | Republican (before 1971) |
| Spouse | Sylvia Varni |
| Children | 3, including Jimmy |
| Education | Santa Clara University (BA, JD) |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1964–1966 |
| Rank | First Lieutenant |
| Awards | Army Commendation Medal |
Panetta was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1993. He served under President Bill Clinton as Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1993 to 1994 and as White House Chief of Staff from 1994 to 1997. He co-founded the Panetta Institute for Public Policy in 1997 and served as a Distinguished Scholar to Chancellor Charles B. Reed of the California State University System and as a professor of public policy at Santa Clara University.
In January 2009, newly elected President Barack Obama nominated Panetta for the post of Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[2][3] Panetta was confirmed by the Senate in February 2009. As director of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the operation that brought down Osama bin Laden. On April 28, 2011, Obama announced the nomination of Panetta as Defense Secretary, to replace the retiring Robert Gates. In June the Senate confirmed Panetta unanimously and he assumed the office on July 1, 2011.[4][5] David Petraeus took over as CIA Director on September 6, 2011.[6]
Since retiring as Secretary of Defense in 2013, Panetta has served as chairman of The Panetta Institute for Public Policy, located at California State University, Monterey Bay, a campus of the California State University that he helped establish during his tenure as congressman.[7] The institute is dedicated to motivating and preparing people for lives of public service and helping them to become more knowledgeably engaged in the democratic process. He also serves on a number of boards and commissions and frequently writes and lectures on public policy issues.
Early life, education, and military service
Panetta was born in Monterey, California, the son of Carmelina Maria (Prochilo) and Carmelo Frank Panetta, Italian immigrants from Siderno in Calabria, Italy. In the 1940s, the Panetta family owned a restaurant in Monterey.[8]
He was raised in the Monterey area, and attended two Catholic grammar schools: San Carlos School (Monterey) and Junípero Serra School (Carmel). He attended Monterey High School, a public school where he became involved in student politics, and was a member of the Junior Statesmen of America.[9] As a junior, he was the vice president of the Student Body, and as a senior, he became its president.[10] In 1956, he entered Santa Clara University, California, and graduated magna cum laude in 1960 with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. In 1963, he received a Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law.
In 1964, he joined the United States Army as a Second Lieutenant, where he served as an officer in Army Military Intelligence, and received the Army Commendation Medal.[11] In 1966, he was discharged as a First Lieutenant.[12]
Political career
Early political career
Panetta started in politics in 1966 as a legislative assistant to Republican Senator Thomas Kuchel, the United States Senate Minority Whip from California, whom Panetta has called "a tremendous role model".[13]
In 1969 he became the assistant to Robert H. Finch, Secretary of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under the Nixon administration. Soon thereafter he was appointed Director of the Office for Civil Rights.[14]
Panetta chose to enforce civil rights and equal education laws over the objection of President Nixon, who wanted enforcement to move slowly in keeping with his strategy to gain political support among Southern whites.[15] Robert Finch and Assistant Secretary John Veneman supported Panetta and refused to fire him, threatening to resign if forced to do so.[16] Eventually forced out of office in 1970, Panetta left Washington to work as Executive Assistant for John Lindsay, the then-Republican Mayor of New York City (Lindsay would switch parties the following year.) Panetta wrote about his Nixon administration experience in his 1971 book Bring Us Together.[17]
He moved back to Monterey to practice law at Panetta, Thompson & Panetta from 1971 to 1976.[18]
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
Like Lindsay, Panetta switched to the Democratic Party in 1971, citing his belief that the Republican Party was moving away from the political center.[19] In 1976, Panetta was elected to the U.S. Congress to represent California's then-16th congressional district, unseating incumbent Republican Burt Talcott with 53% of the vote. He would never face another contest nearly that close, and was reelected eight times.[20][21][22] (With a few boundary adjustments, the 16th district became the 17th district after the 1990 census and is the 20th district today. It consists of all of Monterey and San Benito Counties, plus most of Santa Cruz County, including the city of Santa Cruz. At the time of Panetta's first election, it also included the northern part of San Luis Obispo County.)
Tenure
During his time in Congress, Panetta concentrated mostly on budget issues, civil rights, education, healthcare, agriculture, immigration, and environmental protection, particularly preventing oil drilling off the California coast. He wrote the Hunger Prevention Act (Public Law 100–435) of 1988 and the Fair Employment Practices Resolution. He was the author of legislation establishing the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary,[23] and legislation providing Medicare coverage for hospice care. Working with Chancellor Barry Munitz of CSU, he helped establish CSU Monterey Bay at the former Fort Ord military base.
He also attempted to form the Big Sur National Scenic Area with Senator Alan Cranston.[24] The bill would have created a 700,000 acres (280,000 ha) scenic area administered by the U.S. Forest Service. It budgeted $100 million to buy land from private land owners, up to $30 million for easements and management programs, and created a state plan for a zone about 75 miles (121 km) long and 5 miles (8.0 km) wide along the Big Sur coast.
The bill was opposed by California Senator S. I. Hayakawa, development interests, and Big Sur residents. Local residents mocked the plan as 'Panetta's Pave 'n' Save,' and raised a fund of more than $100,000 to lobby against the proposal.[25][26] The legislation was blocked by Hayakawa in the Energy Committee and did not reach a vote.[27][28][29]
Budget Committee
A member of the House Committee on the Budget from 1979 to 1989, and its chairman from 1989 to 1993, Panetta played a key role in the 1990 Budget Summit.[30][31]
Committee assignments
His positions included:
- Chairman of the U.S. House Committee on the Budget
- Chairman of the Agriculture Committee's Subcommittee on Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations, and Nutrition
- Chairman of the Administration Committee's Subcommittee on Personnel and Police
- Chairman of the created by the U.S. House Select Committee on Hunger
- Vice Chairman of the Caucus of Vietnam-Era Veterans in Congress
- Member of the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies.
Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Though elected to a ninth term in 1992, Panetta left the House at the beginning of 1993, after President-elect Bill Clinton selected him to serve as Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget. In that role he developed the budget package that would eventually result in the balanced budget of 1998.[citation needed]
White House Chief of Staff
In 1994, President Clinton became increasingly concerned about a lack of order and focus in the White House, an issue that stretched from foreign to domestic policy and political matters. President Clinton, who had vowed to run a professional operation, asked Panetta to become his new chief of staff, replacing Mack McLarty. According to author Nigel Hamilton, "Panetta replaced McLarty for the rest of Clinton's first term—and the rest is history. To be a great leader, a modern president must have a great chief of staff—and in Leon Panetta, Clinton got the enforcer he deserved."[32] Panetta was appointed White House Chief of Staff on July 17, 1994, and he held that position until January 20, 1997. He was a key negotiator of the 1996 budget, which was another important step toward bringing the budget into balance.[33][34]
Director of the CIA
Nomination
On January 5, 2009, President-elect Barack Obama announced his intention to nominate Panetta to the post of Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[2]
At the time of his selection, journalists and politicians raised concerns about Panetta's limited experience in intelligence, aside from his two-year service as a military intelligence officer in the 1960s. California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, the Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, expressed concerns that she was not consulted about the Panetta appointment and stated her belief that "the Agency is best-served by having an intelligence professional in charge at this time."[35]
Former CIA officer Ishmael Jones stated that Panetta was a wise choice, because of his close personal connection to the President and lack of exposure to the CIA bureaucracy.[36][37] Also, Washington Post columnist David Ignatius said that Panetta did have exposure to intelligence operations as Director of the OMB and as Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton, where he "sat in on the daily intelligence briefings as chief of staff, and he reviewed the nation's most secret intelligence-collection and covert-action programs in his previous post as director of the Office of Management and Budget".[38]
On February 12, 2009, Panetta was confirmed in the full Senate by voice vote.[39]
Tenure
On February 19, 2009, Panetta was sworn in as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency by Vice President Joe Biden before an audience of CIA employees. Panetta reportedly received a "rock star welcome" from his new subordinates.[40]
As CIA Director, Panetta traveled extensively to intelligence outposts around the world and worked with international leaders to confront threats of Islamic extremism and Taliban. In 2010, working with the Senate Intelligence Committee, he conducted a secret review of the use of torture by the CIA (euphemistically referred to as "enhanced interrogation techniques") during the administration of George W. Bush. The review, which came to be known by 2014 as the "Panetta Review," yielded a series of memoranda that, according to The New York Times, "cast a particularly harsh light" on the Bush-era interrogation program.[41] The Times notes "The effort to write the exhaustive history of the C.I.A.’s detention operations was fraught from the beginning. President Obama officially ended the program during his first week in office in 2009. The intelligence committee announced its intention to take a hard look at the program, but there was little appetite inside the [Obama] White House to accede to the committee’s request for all classified C.I.A. cables related to it." The findings of the Panetta Review reportedly aligned with much of what the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture[41] found in its factual accounting. Both reports were largely seen as an effort in fact-finding and prevention, but not a governmental path towards some possible project of accountability or punishment for past interrogation or torture.
Panetta supported the Obama administration's campaign of U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan, which he identified as the "most effective weapon" against senior al-Qaeda leadership.[42][43] Drone strikes increased significantly under Panetta, with as many as 50 suspected al-Qaeda militants being killed in May 2009 alone.[44][45]
As Director of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the hunt for terrorist leader Osama bin Laden, and played a key role in the operation in which bin Laden was killed on May 1, 2011.[46][47]
Under Panetta, the CIA advanced workplace rights and benefits for LGBT employees; the agency, for the first time, implemented policies extending benefits to same-sex partners of employees.[48]
Secretary of Defense (2011–2013)
Nomination
On April 28, 2011, President Obama announced the nomination of Panetta as United States Secretary of Defense as a replacement for retiring Secretary Robert Gates. On June 21, 2011, the Senate confirmed Panetta in an unusual 100–0 vote.[49] He was sworn in on July 1, 2011.
Tenure
One of Panetta's first major acts as Defense Secretary was to jointly certify with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that the military was prepared to repeal "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", which triggered final repeal after 60 days.
In August 2011, Panetta publicly warned that deeper cuts in the defense budget risked hollowing out the military and would hamper Pentagon efforts to deal with rising powers such as China, North Korea, and Iran and he urged Congress not to go beyond the roughly $500 billion in defense cuts required over the next decade under the debt reduction bill signed by President Barack Obama. Working with military and civilian leaders at the Department of Defense, Panetta developed a new defense strategy for the 21st century.
Funding the United States military, in the face of tightening budget constraints, became an ongoing theme of Panetta's tenure. He also warned that future service members may see changes in retirement benefits, and that the military healthcare system may need reforms, to rein in costs, while also ensuring quality care.[50]
Another major issue during Panetta's tenure as Defense Secretary was the Obama administration's diplomatic effort to dissuade Iran from developing nuclear weapons. In January 2012, Panetta stated that nuclear weapons development was a "red line" that Iran would not be allowed to cross—and that the United States was keeping all options, including military ones, open to completely prevent it. He said that Iran would not be allowed to block the Straits of Hormuz.
In January 2013, shortly before his departure from the Defense Secretary post, Panetta announced that women would be allowed to enter all combat jobs in the military, citing an assessment phase in which "each branch of service will examine all its jobs and units not currently integrated and then produce a timetable for integrating them".[51]
Activities outside politics
Panetta and his wife Sylvia founded the Panetta Institute for Public Policy in December 1997 and served as co-directors there until 2009, when Panetta was appointed CIA director by President Obama. He has since returned to the institute in the role of chairman, while his wife serves as co-chair and CEO, supervising the institute's day-to-day operations. The institute is located at California State University, Monterey Bay, a campus Panetta was instrumental in creating on the site of the decommissioned Fort Ord Army base when he was a Congressman. Coincidentally, Panetta was stationed at Fort Ord in the 1960s during his service as an Army intelligence officer.
Panetta served on the board of the UC Santa Cruz Foundation, as a Distinguished Scholar to the Chancellor of California State University[53] and as a Presidential Professor at Santa Clara University. He was urged to consider running for Governor of California during the recall election in 2003 but declined in part because of the short time available to raise the necessary campaign funds.[54]
Panetta has long been an advocate for the world's oceans. In addition to introducing legislation and winning passage of ocean protections measures such as the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary during his time in Congress,[53][55][56] he was named chairman in 2003 of the Pew Oceans Commission, which in 2005 combined with the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy to establish the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. Panetta now co-chairs the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative with Admiral James D. Watkins, U.S. Navy (Ret.)[57] and continues to serve as a Commission member. Panetta also serves as an advocate and information source for other ocean organizations, including the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation[58] and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.[59]
In 2006, Panetta was part of the presidentially-appointed Iraq Study Group, or Baker Commission, which studied potential changes in U.S. policy in Iraq.[60][61]
In 2014, Panetta published his memoir Worthy Fights, in which he recounted his long career in public service. While overwhelmingly positive in his assessment of the Obama presidency, Panetta aired some disagreements in the book with the President's policies in Syria and Iraq. Panetta said: "By failing to persuade Iraq's leader to allow a continuing force of US troops, the commander in chief "created a vacuum . . . and it's out of that vacuum that ISIS began to breed."[62]
He regularly obtains fees for speaking engagements, including from the Carlyle Group.[63] He is also a supporter of Booz Allen Hamilton.[64][65]
After Secretary of Defense (2013–present)
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018) |
Panetta was a speaker on Day 3 of the 2016 Democratic National Convention in which Hillary Clinton was nominated to run as the Democratic candidate in the presidential election that year. Notably, his speech was booed by anti-war supporters of Bernie Sanders who protested his war record.[66]
Panetta told CBS News that Congress releasing the Nunes Memo, which purported to provide intelligence about the open Russia probe, could cause damage to national security.[67]
Panetta serves as an advisor to the COVID-19 Technology Task Force, a technology industry coalition founded in March 2020 collaborating on solutions to respond to and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.[68]
Panetta compared the Fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021 to the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961, saying that "President Kennedy took responsibility for what took place. I strongly recommend to President Biden that he take responsibility ... admit the mistakes that were made."[69]
In October 2020, Panetta signed a letter stating the Hunter Biden laptop controversy “has the classic earmarks of a Russian information operation.[70] Panetta joined 50 other former intelligence officials in signing the letter, which stated that the laptop abandoned by Hunter Biden contained "all the classic earmarks of a Russian disinformation operation," because it contained potentially damaging information to the Biden campaign. However, in 2022, several media outlets, including the New York Times and Washington Post, have confirmed the laptop's authenticity.[71]
In October 2022, Panetta joined the Council for Responsible Social Media project launched by Issue One to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of social media in the United States co-chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.[72][73]
Responsibilities
This section needs to be updated. (February 2017) |
Panetta has held positions within a number of institutions and corporations, including:
- Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, Commissioner and Co-Chair[74][75]
- Pew Oceans Commission, Commissioner and Chairman[76]
- Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, Co-Chair[77]
- Bread for the World, Board of Directors
- National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, Board of Directors[78]
- National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management, Board of Directors (2004–2009)
- New York Stock Exchange,
- Co-chairman of the Corporate Accountability and Listing Standards Committee
- Board of Directors (1997–present)
- Close Up Foundation, Board of Directors (1999–present)
- Connetics Investor Relations, Board of Directors (2000–present)[79]
- Fleishman-Hillard,[80]
- Co-chairman of the Corporate Accountability and Listing Standards Committee
- Co-chairman of the Corporate Credibility Advisory practice
- Member of the International Advisory Board
- Junior Statesmen Foundation Inc., Trustee (2004)
- Public Policy Institute of California, Board of Directors[81]
- Blue Shield of California, Board of Directors (2013–present)[82]
- Oracle Corporation, Board of Directors (2015–present)[83]
- Center for Tech Diplomacy at Purdue, Global Advisory Board (2021–present)[84]
In June 2002, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops appointed Panetta to their National Review Board,[85] which was created to look into the Catholic Church's sexual abuse scandal. This created controversy because of Panetta's pro-choice stance on abortion and other views seen as conflicting with those of the Church.
- Beacon Global Strategies, Senior Counselor (May 2014 – Present)[86] Defense Contractor |
Panetta is also a member of the Partnership for a Secure America's bipartisan Advisory Board. The Partnership is a non-profit organization based in Washington, DC that promotes bipartisan solutions to national security and foreign policy issues.
Panetta serves on the Advisory Board of the Committee to Investigate Russia.[87]
Personal life
Panetta is married to Sylvia Marie Varni, who administered his home district offices during his terms in Congress.[88][89] They live on his family's 12-acre (4.9 ha) walnut farm in the Carmel Valley, California. They have three sons and six grandchildren.[23] In 2016, their third son, Jimmy Panetta, a former Monterey County Deputy District Attorney, won election to his father's old congressional seat, now numbered as the 20th District.
Awards
- 1966: Army Commendation Medal
- 1969: Abraham Lincoln Award, National Education Association
- 1983: Foreign Language Advocate Award, Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.[90]
- 1983: Ralph B. Atkinson Award for Civil Liberties, Monterey County Chapter of the ACLU[91]
- 1984: A. Philip Randolph Award
- 1988: Golden Plow Award, American Farm Bureau Federation[92]
- 1991: President's Award, American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
- 1991: Coastal and Ocean Management Award, Coastal Zone Foundation
- 1993: Peter Burnett Award for Distinguished Public Service
- 1995: Distinguished Public Service Medal, Center for the Study of the Presidency
- 1997: Special Achievement Award for Public Service, National Italian American Foundation
- 2001: John H. Chafee Coastal Stewardship Award, Coastal America
- 2002: Law Alumni Special Achievement Award, Santa Clara University School of Law Alumni Association[93]
- 2003: Julius A. Stratton "Champion of the Coast" Award for Coastal Leadership
- 2005: Received an honorary Doctorate from University of Wisconsin–Parkside
- 2005: Received an honorary Doctorate of Public Service from Northeastern University[94]
- 2006: Paul Peck Award
- 2012: Intrepid Freedom Award, Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum[95]
- 2012: Golden Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement[96]
- 2014: Excellence in Policy, Peter Benchley Ocean Awards[97]
- 2015: Dwight D. Eisenhower Award, National Defense Industrial Association[98]
- 2018: Sylvanus Thayer Award from the United States Military Academy
- 2019: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
Books
- Panetta, Leon (2014). Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace. Penguin Press HC. ISBN 978-1594205965.
References
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- ^ . Associated Press. January 9, 2009. Archived from the original on January 28, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Leon E. Panetta - Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense - Historical Office.
- ^ "Obama bids farewell to defense secretary". NBC News. June 30, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
- ^ Quemener, Tangi (September 6, 2011). "Petraeus sworn in as new CIA chief". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
- ^ "The Panetta Institute for Public Policy |". panettainstitute.org. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
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- ^ Profile of Leon Panetta March 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Santa Clara University Law School, accessed April 28, 2011
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- ^ Waters, Michelle. "Leon Panetta '60, JD '63 spoke with POLITICO about Trump's foreign policy regarding North Korea". Santa Clara Law.
- ^ "The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ^ Gall, Peter; E, Panetta, Leon (1971). Bring us together: the Nixon team and the civil rights retreat ([1st ed.] ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
- ^ Study group member profile, Leon Panetta, published by Iraq Study Group, accessed April 28, 2011
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- ^ Opinion column, Democrats See Potential Gains, by Matt Pinkus, Congressional Quarterly, published in Eugene Register-Guard, August 23, 1976
- ^ Newspaper article, Democrats in Congress Keep Old Seats, Take 1 From GOP, Los Angeles Times, November 4, 1976
- ^ Newspaper article, State Democrats Gain By One Seat In Congress, by Associated Press, published in Modesto Bee, November 4, 1976
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-27., U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops
- ^ Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation, and Renewable (March 23, 1980). "The Big Sur Coast National Scenic Area Act: hearing before the Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Resources of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session, on S. 2551 ... April 24, 1980". U.S. G.P.O. – via Google Books.
- ^ Lindsey, Robert; Times, Special to the New York (1986). "Plan for Big Sur Severely Restricts Development". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
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- ^ "As Budget Chief, Panetta May Be Frugal Deficit Foe", Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 1992
- ^ Hamilton, Nigel (2007). Bill Clinton: Mastering the Presidency. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-516-0.
- ^ Newspaper column, Clinton Is Winning On Balanced Budget, by Morton Kondracke, Pomeroy-Middleton Daily Sentinel, January 23, 1996
- ^ Newspaper article, Flexibility Shown in Budget Talks, by Associated Press, published in Williamson Daily News, September 17, 1996
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- ^ Ignatius, David (January 7, 2009). "A Surprise for Langley". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
- ^ "Senate confirms Panetta as CIA director". Associated Press. February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
- ^ "Leon Panetta Gets a Rock Star Welcome at CIA Headquarters". The Wall Street Journal. February 19, 2009.
- ^ a b Mazzetti, Mark (March 7, 2014). "Behind Clash Between C.I.A. and Congress, a Secret Report on Interrogations". The New York Times.
- ^ "CIA Pakistan Campaign Is Working, Director Says", Mark Mazzetti and Helene Cooper, New York Times, February 26, 2009, A15
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- ^ "25 Militants Are Killed In Attack In Pakistan". The New York Times. May 17, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
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- ^ Leon Panetta calls for 'relentless pressure on al-Qaida', The Guardian, January 18, 2013
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on July 6, 2008.
- ^ Newspaper article, Panetta Doesn't Seek Governorship, San Jose Mercury News, July 20, 2003
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- ^ National Marine Sanctuary Foundation – Leon Panetta August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ . News.mongabay.com. January 9, 2008. Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
- ^ Television news report transcript, Iraq Survey Group Report Released, by Kim Landers, the World Today, ABC (Australia), December 7, 2006
- ^ Newspaper article, Iraq Study Group to Present Report to Bush, by Brian Knowlton, New York Times, December 3, 2006
- ^ "Former CIA Director: Obama ‘lost his way’ on national security". New York Post. October 7, 2014.
- ^ "Panetta, Obama Choice for C.I.A. Chief, Discloses Finances", Mark Mazzetti. New York Times. February 4, 2009. Retrieved 5 feb 2017
- ^ "Pearl Harbor Offers Lessons for Today's Cyber Security Challenges", Mike McConnell. Booz Allen Hamilton. June 26, 2012. Retrieved 5 feb 2017
- ^ "SHELL GAME: A Military Whistleblowing Report to the U.S. Congress Exposing the Betrayal and Cover-Up by the U.S. Government of the Union Bank of Switzerland-Terrorist Threat Finance Connection to Booz Allen Hamilton and U.S. Central Command", 2LT Scott Bennett 11th Psychological Operations Battalion. p. 77. Retrieved 5 feb 2017
- ^ "Leon Panetta scorches Trump at DNC, as crowd boos and chants, 'No more war!'". Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ^ "Transcript: Former CIA Director Leon Panetta discusses GOP memo release". www.cbsnews.com.
- ^ Jacox, Madi. "Leadership". COVID-19 Technology Task Force. from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "Leon Panetta compares fall of Afghanistan to Bay of Pigs". The Hill. August 16, 2021.
- ^ "Hunter Biden story is Russian disinfo, dozens of former intel officials say". October 19, 2020.
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Further reading
- Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.
- "The Defense Secretary: An interview with Leon Panetta". CBS News. January 29, 2012.
- "Leon Panetta enters the 'No Spin Zone', Part 1". The O'Reilly Factor. Fox News. October 7, 2014.
- "Leon Panetta enters the 'No Spin Zone', Part 2". The O'Reilly Factor. Fox News. October 7, 2014.
- "Leon Panetta enters the 'No Spin Zone', Part 3". The O'Reilly Factor. Fox News. October 7, 2014.
External links
- Department of Defense biography
- at the Wayback Machine (archived May 27, 2010)
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Biography of Panetta, Hartnell University
- Profile at SourceWatch
- Conversations with History – Interview with Leon Panetta, UC Berkeley Institute of International Studies on YouTube
- The Panetta Institute for Public Policy
- Appearances on C-SPAN