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Second lieutenant

January 19, 2023

Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1 rank.

Australia

The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 1986.

In the colonial forces, which closely followed the practices of the British military, the rank of second lieutenant began to replace ranks such as ensign and cornet from 1871.

New appointments to the rank of second lieutenant ceased in the regular army in 1986.[1] Immediately prior to this change, the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea which closed in 1985. (Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D) are commissioned as lieutenants.).[2][3] The rank of second lieutenant is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions, university regiments and while under probation during training. Trainees undertaking Special Service Officer (SSO) training are also appointed at higher rank (as second lieutenants) than General Service Officer (GSO) trainees who start off at the rank of officer cadet (ADFA/Australian Army Reserve officer trainees) or staff cadet (Royal Military College, Duntroon).[4]

Ranks equivalent to second lieutenant are acting sub-lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy and pilot officer in the Royal Australian Air Force.

Canada

The Canadian Forces adopted the rank with insignia of a single gold ring around the service dress uniform cuff for both army and air personnel upon unification in 1968 until the late 2000s.[5][6] For a time, naval personnel used this rank but reverted to the Royal Canadian Navy rank of acting sub-lieutenant, though the CF green uniform was retained until the mid-1980s. Currently, the Canadian Army insignia for second lieutenant is a pip and the Royal Canadian Air Force insignia for lieutenant is one thick braid. The equivalent rank for the Royal Canadian Navy is acting sub-lieutenant. Also known as an Ensign in the Foot Guards units (Canadian Grenadier Guards & Governor General's Foot Guards).

France

A second-lieutenant is equivalent to a junior commissioned officer (the French army does not use the terms commissioned or non-commissioned). During classes at officer training schools such as Saint Cyr the cadets rise quickly through the non-commissioned ranks of private, corporal, sergeant and reach the rank of aspirant which is the first officer rank. After additional training at specialised schools they get the bar of second-lieutenant. The insignia consists of a metal-colored bar in accordance with the color of the ceremonial uniform buttons and hat symbol.

For example, for the infantry, gold being the metal of the ceremonial dress buttons, the symbol on the béret being a golden grenade with two crossed rifles, and the symbol on the képi being a single golden grenade, therefore the insignia of a sous-lieutenant is a gold-colored bar.

For cavalry or forest rangers (light infantry mobilised from the Water and Forests Corp), ceremonial dress buttons were silver, as was the hunting horn on the forest commissioned officer's képi, therefore the insignia of a sous-lieutenant is a silver-colored bar.

Indonesia

Main article: Indonesian military ranks

In Indonesia, "second lieutenant" is known as letnan dua (letda) which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military. Officers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces are commissioned through one of four major commissioning programs. Upon graduation the candidates are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, thus becoming commissioned officers. The four programs are:

  • National Armed Forces Academy (Akademi TNI): a four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers in the armed forces (Army: Military Academy, Navy: Naval Academy, Air Force: Air Force Academy);
  • Officer Candidate School: a 28-week program that is attended by senior NCOs or warrant officers from all services;
  • Career Officer Program for college graduates: a 7–8 month program that is designed to recruit civilian professionals (e.g., doctors, dentists, pharmacists, psychologists) into the armed forces;
  • Pilot Short Service School: a 34-month program to train pilots to serve in the armed forces.

New Zealand

Like many other Commonwealth countries, the rank structures of the New Zealand Defence Force usually follow British traditions. Hence the New Zealand Army maintains a rank of second lieutenant and the Royal New Zealand Air Force has its exact equivalent, pilot officer.

However, the Royal New Zealand Navy breaks with British tradition and uses the name ensign for its most junior commissioned officer rank (rather than the usual equivalents, such as acting sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant).

Pakistan

The Pakistan Army follows the British pattern of ranks. A second lieutenant is represented by one metal pip on each shoulder in case of "khaki uniform" and one diamond star on the chest in case of camouflage combat dress. However a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army is usually promoted to lieutenant 6 months after commissioning. Test for 2nd lieutenant is held every year twice in Pakistan. It is the smallest rank among commissioned officers.

Philippines

In the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the rank of second lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank used by the Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps. It stands below the rank of First Lieutenant.

Singapore

In Singapore, the rank of second lieutenant (2LT) is awarded to officer cadets who have graduated from the completion of their officer cadet course, and is the lowest commissioned rank in the Singapore Armed Forces, below the rank of lieutenant and above the rank of chief warrant officer. The rank insignia of a second lieutenant is a bar.[7]

United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries

The rank of second lieutenant (2Lt) was introduced throughout the British Army in 1877 to replace the short-lived rank of sub-lieutenant, although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, Fusilier and Rifle regiments. At first the rank bore no distinct insignia. In 1902, a single Bath star was introduced; the ranks of lieutenant and captain had their number of stars increased by one to (respectively) two and three. The rank is also used by the Royal Marines.

New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst, and continue with specific training with their units. Progression to lieutenant rank usually occurs after about a year. In the British armed forces, second lieutenant is a rank which is not used as a form of address. Instead a second lieutenant named, for example, Smith is addressed and referred to as Mr Smith, with the exception that the alternative titles ensign (Foot Guards) and cornet (in the Blues and Royals[8] and Queen's Royal Hussars[9]) are still used. In the Royal Air Force, the comparable rank is pilot officer. The Royal Navy has no exact equivalent rank, and a second lieutenant is senior to a Royal Navy midshipman but junior to a sub-lieutenant.

United States

 
 
 
 
Second lieutenant insignia of the United States Armed Forces. Clockwise from upper left: U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Space Force, U.S. Air Force

In the United States, second lieutenant is the normal entry-level rank for most commissioned officers in the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. It is equivalent to the rank of ensign in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps. In the Army and Marine Corps, a second lieutenant typically leads a platoon-size element (16 to 44 soldiers or marines). In the Army, until December 1917, the rank bore no insignia other than a brown sleeve braid on blouses and an officer's cap device and hat cord.[citation needed] In December 1917, a gold-colored bar similar to the silver-colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced. In US military slang, the rank is sometimes called "butterbar" in reference to the insignia.[10]

Gallery

Army

Marines

Navy

Air Force

Space Force

See also

References

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ . Australian Army. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  3. ^ . Defence Jobs. Defence Force Recruiting. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  5. ^ Navy marks centennial by reinstating 'executive curl' "Navy marks centennial by reinstating 'executive curl' | CTV News". 2 May 2010. from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  6. ^ Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British-style ranks and designations "Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British-style ranks and designations". Toronto Star. 8 July 2013. from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  7. ^ "CMPB | Ranks and drill commands". Central Manpower Base (CMPB). Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  8. ^ "The Household Cavalry Command Structure - Forms of Address". householdcavalry.info. Enasec Ltd. from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016. In The Blues And Royals, the most junior Officer rank (equivalent to 2nd Lieutenant) is known as "Cornet".
  9. ^ "The Armed Forces".
  10. ^ Dalzell, Tom (2009). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Taylor & Francis. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-415-37182-7.
  11. ^ a b . Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  12. ^ "U.S. Army Ranks". army.mil. United States Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  13. ^ . mndf.gov.mv (in Divehi). Maldives National Defence Force. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  14. ^ a b "De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht" (PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  15. ^ "Ranks". marines.mil. U.S. Marine Corps. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Postos e Graduações". marinha.mil.br (in Portuguese). Brazilian Navy. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  17. ^ a b . tni.mil.id (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  18. ^ "Rank Insignia". afm.gov.mt. Armed Forces of Malta. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Grados Militares". ccffaa.mil.pe (in Spanish). Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Os Postos". marinha.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  21. ^ a b "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  22. ^ a b "SAF Rank Insignias". mindef.gov.sg. Ministry of Defence (Singapore). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Postos e Graduações". fab.mil.br (in Portuguese). Brazilian Air Force. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Ranks and appointment". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 23 November 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  25. ^ "Flyvevåbnets Gradstegn" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  26. ^ "Insignias". mide.gob.do (in Spanish). Ministry of Defense (Dominican Republic). Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  27. ^ . military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  28. ^ "Defense Act of 2008" (PDF). 3 September 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  29. ^ . paf.mil.ph. Philippine Air Force. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  30. ^ "RDF Insignia". mod.gov.rw. Government of the Republic of Rwanda. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  31. ^ . af.mil.za. Department of Defence (South Africa). Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  32. ^ "Air Force Instruction 36-2903" (PDF). Department of the Air Force. 25 June 2021. p. 108. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  33. ^ Hudson, Rex A.; Meditz, Sandra W., eds. (1992). "Chapter 5. National Security". Uruguay: A Country Study (PDF) (2nd ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 222–223. ISBN 0-8444-0737-2. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

January 19, 2023
second, lieutenant, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Second lieutenant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces comparable to NATO OF 1 rank Contents 1 Australia 2 Canada 3 France 4 Indonesia 5 New Zealand 6 Pakistan 7 Philippines 8 Singapore 9 United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries 10 United States 11 Gallery 11 1 Army 11 2 Marines 11 3 Navy 11 4 Air Force 11 5 Space Force 12 See also 13 ReferencesAustralia EditThe rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 1986 In the colonial forces which closely followed the practices of the British military the rank of second lieutenant began to replace ranks such as ensign and cornet from 1871 New appointments to the rank of second lieutenant ceased in the regular army in 1986 1 Immediately prior to this change the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School Portsea which closed in 1985 Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy ADFA and the Royal Military College Duntroon RMC D are commissioned as lieutenants 2 3 The rank of second lieutenant is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions university regiments and while under probation during training Trainees undertaking Special Service Officer SSO training are also appointed at higher rank as second lieutenants than General Service Officer GSO trainees who start off at the rank of officer cadet ADFA Australian Army Reserve officer trainees or staff cadet Royal Military College Duntroon 4 Ranks equivalent to second lieutenant are acting sub lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy and pilot officer in the Royal Australian Air Force Canada EditThe Canadian Forces adopted the rank with insignia of a single gold ring around the service dress uniform cuff for both army and air personnel upon unification in 1968 until the late 2000s 5 6 For a time naval personnel used this rank but reverted to the Royal Canadian Navy rank of acting sub lieutenant though the CF green uniform was retained until the mid 1980s Currently the Canadian Army insignia for second lieutenant is a pip and the Royal Canadian Air Force insignia for lieutenant is one thick braid The equivalent rank for the Royal Canadian Navy is acting sub lieutenant Also known as an Ensign in the Foot Guards units Canadian Grenadier Guards amp Governor General s Foot Guards France EditA second lieutenant is equivalent to a junior commissioned officer the French army does not use the terms commissioned or non commissioned During classes at officer training schools such as Saint Cyr the cadets rise quickly through the non commissioned ranks of private corporal sergeant and reach the rank of aspirant which is the first officer rank After additional training at specialised schools they get the bar of second lieutenant The insignia consists of a metal colored bar in accordance with the color of the ceremonial uniform buttons and hat symbol For example for the infantry gold being the metal of the ceremonial dress buttons the symbol on the beret being a golden grenade with two crossed rifles and the symbol on the kepi being a single golden grenade therefore the insignia of a sous lieutenant is a gold colored bar For cavalry or forest rangers light infantry mobilised from the Water and Forests Corp ceremonial dress buttons were silver as was the hunting horn on the forest commissioned officer s kepi therefore the insignia of a sous lieutenant is a silver colored bar Indonesia EditMain article Indonesian military ranks In Indonesia second lieutenant is known as letnan dua letda which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military Officers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces are commissioned through one of four major commissioning programs Upon graduation the candidates are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant thus becoming commissioned officers The four programs are National Armed Forces Academy Akademi TNI a four year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts sciences and professions preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers in the armed forces Army Military Academy Navy Naval Academy Air Force Air Force Academy Officer Candidate School a 28 week program that is attended by senior NCOs or warrant officers from all services Career Officer Program for college graduates a 7 8 month program that is designed to recruit civilian professionals e g doctors dentists pharmacists psychologists into the armed forces Pilot Short Service School a 34 month program to train pilots to serve in the armed forces New Zealand EditLike many other Commonwealth countries the rank structures of the New Zealand Defence Force usually follow British traditions Hence the New Zealand Army maintains a rank of second lieutenant and the Royal New Zealand Air Force has its exact equivalent pilot officer However the Royal New Zealand Navy breaks with British tradition and uses the name ensign for its most junior commissioned officer rank rather than the usual equivalents such as acting sub lieutenant or second lieutenant Pakistan EditThe Pakistan Army follows the British pattern of ranks A second lieutenant is represented by one metal pip on each shoulder in case of khaki uniform and one diamond star on the chest in case of camouflage combat dress However a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army is usually promoted to lieutenant 6 months after commissioning Test for 2nd lieutenant is held every year twice in Pakistan It is the smallest rank among commissioned officers Philippines EditIn the Armed Forces of the Philippines the rank of second lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank used by the Philippine Army Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps It stands below the rank of First Lieutenant Singapore EditIn Singapore the rank of second lieutenant 2LT is awarded to officer cadets who have graduated from the completion of their officer cadet course and is the lowest commissioned rank in the Singapore Armed Forces below the rank of lieutenant and above the rank of chief warrant officer The rank insignia of a second lieutenant is a bar 7 United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries EditThe rank of second lieutenant 2Lt was introduced throughout the British Army in 1877 to replace the short lived rank of sub lieutenant although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery Royal Engineers Fusilier and Rifle regiments At first the rank bore no distinct insignia In 1902 a single Bath star was introduced the ranks of lieutenant and captain had their number of stars increased by one to respectively two and three The rank is also used by the Royal Marines New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst and continue with specific training with their units Progression to lieutenant rank usually occurs after about a year In the British armed forces second lieutenant is a rank which is not used as a form of address Instead a second lieutenant named for example Smith is addressed and referred to as Mr Smith with the exception that the alternative titles ensign Foot Guards and cornet in the Blues and Royals 8 and Queen s Royal Hussars 9 are still used In the Royal Air Force the comparable rank is pilot officer The Royal Navy has no exact equivalent rank and a second lieutenant is senior to a Royal Navy midshipman but junior to a sub lieutenant United States Edit Second lieutenant insignia of the United States Armed Forces Clockwise from upper left U S Army U S Marine Corps U S Space Force U S Air Force In the United States second lieutenant is the normal entry level rank for most commissioned officers in the Army Marine Corps Air Force and Space Force It is equivalent to the rank of ensign in the Navy Coast Guard Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps In the Army and Marine Corps a second lieutenant typically leads a platoon size element 16 to 44 soldiers or marines In the Army until December 1917 the rank bore no insignia other than a brown sleeve braid on blouses and an officer s cap device and hat cord citation needed In December 1917 a gold colored bar similar to the silver colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced In US military slang the rank is sometimes called butterbar in reference to the insignia 10 Gallery EditArmy Edit Second lieutenant Botswana Ground Force 11 Second lieutenant United States Army 12 Marines Edit Segundo tenente fuzileiro naval Brazilian Marine Corps Letnan dua Indonesian Marine Corps Second lieutenantލ ފ ޓ ނ ނ ޓ Maldivian Marine Corps 13 2e Luitenant Netherlands Marine Corps 14 Segundo tenente fuzileiro Portuguese Marine Corps Second lieutenant Royal Marines United Kingdom Second lieutenant United States Marine Corps 15 Navy Edit Segundo tenente Brazilian Navy 16 Segundo tenente Navy of Guinea Bissau Letnan dua Indonesian Navy 17 Second lieutenant Kenya Navy Second lieutenant Malawi Navy Second lieutenantލ ފ ޓ ނ ނ ޓ Maldivian Coast Guard Second lieutenantSekond logutenent Maritime Squadron of Malta 18 Segundo tenente Mozambique Naval Command Teniente segundo Peruvian Navy 19 Segundo tenente Portuguese Navy 20 Segundo tenente Coast Guard of Sao Tome and Principe Second lieutenant Seychelles Coast Guard 21 Second lieutenant Republic of Singapore Navy 22 Segundo tenente Timor Leste Naval Component Air Force Edit Second lieutenant Botswana Defence Force Air Wing 11 Segundo tenente Brazilian Air Force 23 Second lieutenantSous lieutenant Royal Canadian Air Force 24 Sekondlojtnant Royal Danish Air Force 25 Segundo teniente Dominican Air Force 26 Letnan dua Indonesian Air Force 17 Second lieutenantDara leifteanant Irish Air Corps 27 Second lieutenant Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing Second lieutenant Kenya Air Force Second lieutenant Lesotho Air Squadron Second lieutenant Liberian Air Wing 28 Second lieutenant Malawi Air Force Tweede luitenant Royal Netherlands Air Force 14 Second lieutenant Papua New Guinea Air Element Second lieutenant Philippine Air Force 29 Second lieutenant Rwandan Air Force 30 Second lieutenant Republic of Singapore Air Force 22 Second lieutenant Seychelles Air Force 21 Second lieutenantTweede luitenant South African Air Force 31 Second lieutenant Tanzania Air Force Command Second lieutenant Uganda Air Force Second lieutenant United States Air Force 32 Teniente segundo Uruguayan Air Force 33 Second lieutenant Zambian Air Force Space Force Edit Second lieutenant United States Space Force See also EditBritish Army officer rank insignia Comparative military ranks Cornet military rank U S Army officer rank insignia Military ranks of Ukraine Podporuchik Unterleutnant Leutnant South African military ranksReferences Edit Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 17 February 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Commissioned Officer Ranks Australian Army Archived from the original on 8 August 2016 Retrieved 18 August 2016 General Service Officer Defence Jobs Defence Force Recruiting Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 Retrieved 18 August 2016 Commissioned Officer Ranks Australian Army Archived from the original on 15 January 2019 Retrieved 15 January 2019 Navy marks centennial by reinstating executive curl Navy marks centennial by reinstating executive curl CTV News 2 May 2010 Archived from the original on 26 October 2014 Retrieved 26 October 2014 Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British style ranks and designations Canadian Army goes back to the future with return to British style ranks and designations Toronto Star 8 July 2013 Archived from the original on 28 June 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 CMPB Ranks and drill commands Central Manpower Base CMPB Retrieved 26 November 2018 The Household Cavalry Command Structure Forms of Address householdcavalry info Enasec Ltd Archived from the original on 25 March 2016 Retrieved 18 November 2016 In The Blues And Royals the most junior Officer rank equivalent to 2nd Lieutenant is known as Cornet The Armed Forces Dalzell Tom 2009 The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English Taylor amp Francis p 154 ISBN 978 0 415 37182 7 a b Ranks Government of Botswana Archived from the original on 26 August 2016 Retrieved 22 September 2016 U S Army Ranks army mil United States Army Retrieved 27 May 2021 ރ ނ ކ ސ ޓ ރ ކ ޗ ރ mndf gov mv in Divehi Maldives National Defence Force Archived from the original on 29 February 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2021 a b De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht PDF in Dutch Ministry of Defence Netherlands 19 December 2016 Retrieved 18 March 2021 Ranks marines mil U S Marine Corps Retrieved 13 June 2021 Postos e Graduacoes marinha mil br in Portuguese Brazilian Navy 11 July 2017 Retrieved 7 May 2021 a b Pangkat Harian tni mil id in Indonesian Indonesian National Armed Forces Archived from the original on 24 November 2020 Retrieved 4 June 2021 Rank Insignia afm gov mt Armed Forces of Malta Retrieved 26 May 2021 Grados Militares ccffaa mil pe in Spanish Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru Retrieved 29 May 2021 Os Postos marinha pt in Portuguese Retrieved 26 February 2021 a b Rank structure spdf sc Seychelles People s Defence Forces Retrieved 4 June 2021 a b SAF Rank Insignias mindef gov sg Ministry of Defence Singapore Retrieved 7 June 2021 Postos e Graduacoes fab mil br in Portuguese Brazilian Air Force Retrieved 7 May 2021 Ranks and appointment canada ca Government of Canada 23 November 2017 Retrieved 28 May 2021 Flyvevabnets Gradstegn PDF forsvaret dk in Danish Danish Defence 2021 Retrieved 26 May 2021 Insignias mide gob do in Spanish Ministry of Defense Dominican Republic Retrieved 28 May 2021 Air Corps Rank Markings military ie Defence Forces Ireland Archived from the original on 25 April 2016 Retrieved 26 May 2021 Defense Act of 2008 PDF 3 September 2008 p 8 Retrieved 20 November 2017 Ranks paf mil ph Philippine Air Force Archived from the original on 18 October 2020 Retrieved 27 May 2021 RDF Insignia mod gov rw Government of the Republic of Rwanda Retrieved 12 June 2021 Rank Insignia af mil za Department of Defence South Africa Archived from the original on 1 January 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2021 Air Force Instruction 36 2903 PDF Department of the Air Force 25 June 2021 p 108 Retrieved 14 August 2021 Hudson Rex A Meditz Sandra W eds 1992 Chapter 5 National Security Uruguay A Country Study PDF 2nd ed Federal Research Division Library of Congress pp 222 223 ISBN 0 8444 0737 2 Retrieved 13 June 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Second lieutenant amp oldid 1132036347, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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