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Layla

May 05, 2023

This article is about the 1970 song. For the album on which it appears, see Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs. For the 2022 song, see Layla (DJ Robin & Schürze song). For other uses, see Layla (disambiguation).

"Layla" is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon, originally recorded with their band Derek and the Dominos, as the thirteenth track from their only studio album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (1970). Its contrasting movements were composed separately by Clapton and Gordon. The piano part has also been controversially credited to Rita Coolidge, Gordon's girlfriend at the time.

"Layla"
Side A of the 1972 UK single release
Single by Derek and the Dominos
from the album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs
B-side"I Am Yours"
ReleasedMarch 1971 (1971-03)
Recorded9 September 1970
StudioCriteria, Miami
GenreRock, Blues rock
Length
  • 7:04 (album version)
  • 2:43 (single version)
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Derek and the Dominos singles chronology
"Bell Bottom Blues"
(1970) 		"Layla"
(1971) 		"Why Does Love Got To Be So Sad"
(1973)
Audio
"Layla" by Derek and the Dominos on YouTube

The song was inspired by a love story that originated in 7th-century Arabia and later formed the basis of The Story of Layla and Majnun by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi,[1] a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton. The book moved Clapton profoundly, because it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful young girl, went crazy and so could not marry her.[2][3][4] The song was further inspired by Clapton's secret love for Pattie Boyd, the wife of his friend and fellow musician George Harrison. After Harrison and Boyd divorced, Clapton and Boyd eventually married.

"Layla"[5] has since its release experienced great critical and popular acclaim, and is often hailed as being among the greatest rock songs of all time. Two versions have achieved chart success, the first in 1972 and the second 20 years later as an acoustic Unplugged performance by Clapton. In 2004, "Layla" was ranked number 27 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and the acoustic version won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.

Background

In 1966, Beatles guitarist George Harrison married Pattie Boyd, a model he met two years before during the filming of A Hard Day's Night. During the late 1960s, Clapton and Harrison became close friends. Clapton contributed uncredited (although openly acknowledged) guitar work on Harrison's song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" on the Beatles' self-titled double album (also known as the White Album), and Harrison co-wrote and played guitar on Cream's "Badge" from Goodbye. However, between his tenures in Cream and Blind Faith, Clapton fell in love with Boyd.[6]

The title of "Layla" was inspired by the story of Layla and Majnun, which Clapton had been told by his friend Ian Dallas,[6] who was in the process of converting to Islam. Nizami's tale, about a moon princess who was married off by her father to a man she did not love, resulting in Majnun's madness, struck a deep chord with Clapton.[7]

Boyd divorced Harrison in 1977 and married Clapton in 1979 during a concert stop in Tucson, Arizona.[8] Harrison was not bitter about the divorce and attended Clapton's wedding party with his former bandmates Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney.[9] During their relationship, Clapton wrote another love ballad for Boyd, "Wonderful Tonight" (1977).[10] Clapton and Boyd divorced in 1989.[11]

Writing and recording

After the break-up of Cream, Clapton tried his hand with several groups, including Blind Faith and the husband-and-wife duo Delaney & Bonnie. In the spring of 1970, he was told that some members of Delaney & Bonnie's back-up band, including bassist Carl Radle, drummer Jim Gordon and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, were leaving the group. Seizing the opportunity, Clapton formed a new group with Whitlock, Radle and Gordon.[12] Naming themselves Derek and the Dominos, the band "made our bones", according to Clapton, while backing Harrison on his first post-Beatles solo album, All Things Must Pass.[13]

During the recording of the Layla album, Duane Allman joined Clapton's fledgling band as a guest. Clapton and Allman, already mutual fans, were introduced by Tom Dowd at an Allman Brothers concert on 26 August 1970.[14][15] The two hit it off well and soon became good friends. Dowd said of their guitar-playing chemistry: "There had to be some sort of telepathy going on because I've never seen spontaneous inspiration happen at that rate and level. One of them would play something, and the other reacted instantaneously. Never once did either of them have to say, 'Could you play that again, please?' It was like two hands in a glove. And they got tremendously off on playing with each other."[16] Dowd was already famous for a variety of work and had worked with Clapton in his Cream days (Clapton once called him "the ideal recording man"); his work on the album would be another achievement. For the making of his biographical film Tom Dowd & the Language of Music, he remixed the original master tapes of "Layla",[17] saying, "There are my principles, in one form or another."[14][time needed]

Clapton originally wrote "Layla" as a ballad, with lyrics describing his unrequited love for Boyd, but the song became a "rocker" when, according to Clapton, Allman composed the song's signature riff.[16][18] With the band assembled and Dowd producing, "Layla" was recorded in its rock form. The recording of the first section consisted of sixteen tracks of which six were guitar tracks: a rhythm part by Clapton, three tracks of harmonies played by Clapton (the main power chord riff on both channels and two harmonies against that main riff, one on the left channel and one on the right channel), a track of solos by Allman (fretted solos with bent notes during the verses and a slide solo during the outro[19]), and one track with both Allman and Clapton playing duplicate solos (the 7-note "signature" riff doubled in two octaves and the 12-note "signature" riff doubled in unison).[16][20] According to Clapton, Allman played the first seven notes of the 12-note "signature" riff fretted and the last five notes on slide in standard tuning.[19] Each player used one input of the same two-input Fender Champ amplifier.[19][21]

Shortly afterwards, Clapton returned to the studio, where he heard Jim Gordon playing a piano piece he had composed separately. Impressed by the piece, Clapton convinced Gordon to allow it to be used as part of the song.[12] Though only Gordon has been credited with this part, according to Whitlock, "Jim took that piano melody from his ex-girlfriend Rita Coolidge. I know because in the D&B days I lived in John Garfield's old house in the Hollywood Hills and there was a guest house with an upright piano in it. Rita and Jim were up there in the guest house and invited me to join in on writing this song with them called 'Time' ... Her sister Priscilla wound up recording it with Booker T. Jones ... Jim took the melody from Rita's song and didn't give her credit for writing it. Her boyfriend ripped her off."[22] "Time" ended up on the 1973 album Chronicles by Booker T. and Priscilla Jones. Whitlock's story was echoed by Coolidge herself in her 2016 autobiography. The claim is also substantiated in Graham Nash's 2014 autobiography Wild Tales.

"Layla"'s second movement (the "Piano Exit") was recorded roughly a week after the first, with Gordon playing his piano part, Clapton playing acoustic guitar and slide guitar, and Allman playing electric and bottleneck slide guitar.[16][20] After Dowd spliced the two movements together,[16] "Layla" was complete.

 

The opening five bars to the guitar part of "Layla"


Due to the circumstances of its composition, "Layla" is defined by two movements, each marked by a riff. The first movement, which was recorded in the key of D minor for choruses and C-sharp minor for verses,[23] is centred around the "signature riff", a guitar piece using hammer-ons, pull-offs and power chords. The first section contains the overdub-heavy slide guitar solo, played by Allman. By placing his slide at points beyond the end of the fretboard, Allman was able to play notes at a higher pitch than could be played with standard technique. Dowd referred to this as "notes that aren't on the instrument."[14][time needed]

The second movement is commonly referred to as the "Piano Exit".[24] Originally played in C major, the tape speed of the coda was increased slightly during mixing. The resulting pitch is somewhere between C and C sharp. The piano interlude at the end of the song is augmented by an acoustic guitar, and is also the accompaniment to the outro-solo. The same melody is also played on Allman's slide guitar an octave higher. Gordon does not improvise or deviate from the piano part; Clapton and Allman are the ones who improvise the melody. The song ends with Allman playing his signature high-pitched "bird call" on his slide guitar.[16] This portion is featured prominently in the film Goodfellas.

Clapton commented on the song:[25]

"Layla" is a difficult one, because it's a difficult song to perform live. You have to have a good complement of musicians to get all of the ingredients going, but when you've got that ... It's difficult to do as a quartet, for instance, because there are some parts you have to play and sing completely opposing lines, which is almost impossible to do. If you've got a big band, which I will have on the tour, then it will be easy to do something like "Layla" – and I'm very proud of it. I love to hear it. It's almost like it's not me. It's like I'm listening to someone that I really like. Derek and The Dominos was a band I really liked – and it's almost like I wasn't in that band. It's just a band that I'm a fan of. Sometimes, my own music can be like that. When it's served its purpose to being good music, I don't associate myself with it any more. It's like someone else. It's easy to do those songs then.

Pattie Boyd later reflected: "I think that he was amazingly raw at the time ... He's such an incredible musician that he's able to put his emotions into music in such a way that the audience can feel it instinctively. It goes right through you."[26]

Personnel

Beyond the original album

Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs opened to lacklustre sales as the Derek and the Dominos album never actually reached the music charts in the United Kingdom, possibly in part because Clapton's name was found only on the back cover. In addition, the song's length proved prohibitive for radio airplay.[5] As a result, a shortened version of the song, consisting of the first 2:43 of Part I, was released as a single in March 1971 by Atco Records in the United States. The version peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. When "Layla" was re-released on the 1972 compilations The History of Eric Clapton and Duane Allman's An Anthology and then released the full 7:10 version (including the "Piano Exit" that formed Part II) as a single, it charted at number seven in the United Kingdom and reached number 10 in the United States. With good sales figures, the Billboard magazine was able to rank the Rock single as the 60th best-selling song in 1972.

In 1982, "Layla" was re-released as a single in the United Kingdom, and peaked at number four. This time the whole seven-minute single charted, containing the trailing two-thirds which is instrumental only. Critical opinion since has been overwhelmingly positive. Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll, wrote that "there are few moments in the repertoire of recorded rock where a singer or writer has reached so deeply into himself that the effect of hearing them is akin to witnessing a murder or a suicide... to me 'Layla' is the greatest of them."[5] Marsh listed "Layla" at number 156 in his The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made.[27]

In May 1980, "Layla" was covered by the London Symphony Orchestra, but without the lyrics, being recorded at EMI Studio One, Abbey Road, London.[28] A similar version has been performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.[29] On 20 September 1983, a benefit show called the ARMS Charity Concert for Multiple Sclerosis at the Royal Albert Hall in London featured a jam with Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page performing "Layla".[30] Clapton, Beck, and Page were the Yardbirds' successive lead guitarists from 1963 to 1968.[31]

In 2003, the Allman Brothers Band began playing the song in concert. Warren Haynes sang the vocal, Gregg Allman played the piano part, and Derek Trucks played Duane Allman's guitar parts during the coda. The performances were seen as a tribute not only to Allman, but also to producer Tom Dowd, who had died the previous year.[32] Eric Clapton recorded yet a third version. "Layla" appears as track seven on Play the Blues: Live from Jazz at Lincoln Center.[33] Personnel on this version include Wynton Marsalis (vocals, trumpet), Eric Clapton (vocals, guitar), Victor Goines (clarinet), Marcus Printup (trumpet), Chris Crenshaw (trombone, vocals), Don Vappie (banjo), Chris Stainton (keyboards), Dan Nimmer (piano), Carlos Henriquez (bass), and Ali Jackson (drums).

Charts

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[53] Platinum 600,000 

  Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Unplugged version

"Layla (Acoustic)"
 
Single by Eric Clapton
from the album Unplugged
B-side"Tears in Heaven (Acoustic)"
Released14 September 1992 (1992-09-14)
Recorded16 January 1992
GenreAcoustic rock[54]
Length4:46
LabelReprise
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Russ Titelman
Eric Clapton singles chronology
"Tears in Heaven"
(1992) 		"Layla (Acoustic)"
(1992) 		"Down & Out"
(1992)
Audio
"Layla" (1992 unplugged live) by Eric Clapton on YouTube
Audio sample

Recording

In 1992, Clapton was invited to play for the MTV Unplugged series. On 16 January 1992, he recorded an acoustic album, accompanied by a concert film, at the Bray Studios in Bray, Berkshire.[55] Although the production team and Clapton's staff liked the recordings, Clapton did not want to release either the album or the concert film. Finally, Clapton agreed to release the album in a limited edition. When Unplugged sold out, Clapton gave Warner Bros. and Reprise Records the permission to delete the limited album production. For the album, Clapton decided to record both new material like "Lonely Stranger" and old songs he grew up with such as "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" or enjoyed listening to or had written as an adult, like "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Layla".[56] Clapton, who plays acoustic guitar and sings on the live track, was backed by Andy Fairweather Low who played acoustic rhythm guitar, Nathan East on acoustic bass guitar and background vocals, Ray Cooper on percussion, Steve Ferrone on drums, Katie Kissoon and Tessa Niles on background vocals as well as Chuck Leavell on piano.[57] Pianist Chuck Leavell recalled that recording the acoustic version of "Layla" felt natural to him and liked that the band was given some space to play during the body of the song and not just during the reprise like it is on the original recording. "It gave us a chance to interpret the song in our way and it did work out well and it gave it a rebirth I think.", Leavell said.[58] The acoustic version of "Layla" was produced by Russ Titelman.[59]

Clapton recorded the acoustic version of "Layla" on a C.F. Martin & Co. steel-string acoustic guitar in OOO-42 style from 1939 which was hand built in Nazareth, Pennsylvania (No. OOO-42/73234). Clapton called this guitar one of the finest instruments he has ever used and called its sound "incredible". The auction house Christie's noted, "the guitar became one of the most enduring images of recent music history" being a part of the Unplugged album cover.[60] Christie's expert for the musical department Kerry Keane called the instrument "in the hands of Eric Clapton singly responsible for the repolarization of playing acoustic guitar today". When Keane played the guitar, he also remarked an "amazing" sound as the acoustic guitar seems to have a "wonderfully balanced tone [which is] loud and sweet at the same time with an incredible bass note."[61] The vintage instrument was estimated to sell for between $60,000 and $80,000 but was in the end sold for $791,500.[62]

Arrangement

Rhythm acoustic guitar player Andy Fairweather Low was invited by Clapton to his flat in Chelsea, London to work out the songs to be recorded for the Unplugged album in January 1992. During the process, Clapton suggested that it would be a good idea to do another version of "Layla". Fairweather Low agreed because he had wanted to release one himself as a big Derek and the Dominos fan. Clapton thought that the perfect arrangement for the rock anthem would be a shuffle because he always liked changing the tempo of a song and looking at something from a different angle.[58]

When Clapton was asked about the acoustic version of the song by the MTV Network, he replied: "'Layla' sort of mystified me. I have done it the same all these years and never ever considered trying to revamp it. And a lot of artists do that, you know? Bob Dylan for instance changes everything everytime he plays it and I thought this was another great opportunity to just take it off on a different path, to put it to a shuffle and for a start, making it acoustic denied all the riffs, really. They would have sounded a bit weak, I think, on the acoustic guitar, so it just seemed to become Jazzier somehow. And of course, I'm singing it a whole octave down. So it gives it a nice kind of atmosphere."[63]

The song was written in the key of D minor which Clapton recalled pushed him to the top of his singing range. When Clapton slowed it down, Fairweather Low suggested Clapton should sing the track a whole octave down. Clapton was pleased with the result as it sounded "nice" and "sort of Jazzy" to him.[58] The new arrangement slowed down and reworked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda. Because Clapton changed the arrangement so much, he decided to introduce this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating: "See if you can spot this one."[64]

Reception

AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that "Layla" seemed to be the Unplugged album's hit; he describes it as a "slow crawl through Derek & the Dominos' version, turning that anguished howl of pain into a cozy shuffle and the whole album proceeds at a similar amiable gait, taking its time and enjoying detours into old blues standards."[65] Journalist Steve Hochman called the acoustic version a "low-key but seductive recasting".[66] Music broadcaster VH1 thinks the Unplugged version revealed Clapton's guitar skills in the acoustic setting, which was particularly obvious on the reworking of "Layla" that "stressed Clapton's tender side without forfeitting intensity".[67] Entertainment Weekly journalists picked the tune as the mega hit off the Unplugged album. The critics especially liked Leavell's piano work on the song, saying that it "adds a smoky-jazz-joint torch-song ambience that's both expectation shattering and emotionally compelling to the tune".[68]

Charts

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[89] Gold 35,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[77] Gold  
United Kingdom (BPI)[101] Silver 200,000 
United States (RIAA) — 230,000[102]

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
  Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Critical reception and legacy

In 1970, Jamrock Entertainment listed "Layla" as the best song of the year.[103] In 1972, "Layla" was one of the most performed songs of the year,[104] and was already considered a "rock standard".[105] With its re-release in 1982, the song was again praised.[106][107] It is featured on a number of "greatest ever" lists. The song was chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of its "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll",[108] and Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 27 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[109] The Recording Industry Association of America ranked "Layla" at number 118 on their Songs of the Century on 7 March 2001.[110] Music critic Dave Marsh placed the tune at number two in his "Best Singles of the Year 1972" compilation.[111] Based on such rankings, Acclaimed Music lists the original version as the 61st most acclaimed song of all time, the most acclaimed song of 1970 and the 12th most acclaimed song of the 1970s.[112]

With its reworking in 1992 for the Unplugged album, "Layla" became an all-time hit song, as it won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1993,[113] and was broadcast nonstop in 1992 and 1993 on the radio, in stores, and on television around the globe.[114] In 1992, "Layla" was the most performed song of the year,[115] and won a BMI Broadcasting Award for radio and television appearances of the 1992 "Layla" for more than two million times in summer of 1994.[116] As of 2011, "Layla" had attained more than six million broadcasts on television and the radio or performances on other records and during live concerts.[117]

"Layla" was used in Goodfellas during the scene portraying the aftermath of the 1978 Lufthansa heist. Director Martin Scorsese planned out the sequence with the song specifically in mind, playing it on set to synchronise with the staging and camera movement.[118] The song also plays during the film's ending credits, after a cover of "My Way" by Sid Vicious.

American record producer DJ Khaled sampled the Derek and the Dominos' arrangement of "Layla" in his 2021 song "I Did It" featuring American rappers Post Malone, Megan Thee Stallion, and Lil Baby.[119]

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Bibliography

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  • Boyd, Pattie; Junor, Penny (2008). Wonderful Tonight. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-45022-7.
  • Clapton, Eric (2007). Clapton: The Autobiography. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-385-51851-2.
  • Fuld, William J. (1998). The New Zealand Charts – A Red Chart? (2nd ed.). Fuld Pressings.
  • Gambaccini, Paul (1987). The Top 100 Rock "n" Roll Albums of All Time. Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-517-56561-2.
  • Keane, Kerry (2004). Crossroads Guitar Auction – Eric Clapton and Friends for the Crossroads Centre – Thursday 24 June 2004. Christie's New York. ASIN B000UVFW6G.
  • Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, New South Wales, Australia: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 978-0-646-11917-5.
  • Marsh, Dave (November 1982). The Book of Rock Lists. Dell Books. ISBN 978-0-440-57580-1.
  • Marsh, Dave (1999). The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made. New York: DaCapo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80901-9.
  • McKeen, William (2000). Rock and roll is here to stay: an anthology. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-04700-4.
  • Perrin, Jeff; Clapton, Eric (1996). The Best of Eric Clapton: A Step-by-Step Breakdown of His Playing Technique. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-0-7935-5801-8.
  • Santoro, Gene (1995). Dancing in Your Head: Jazz, Blues, Rock, and Beyond. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-195-10123-2.
  • Schumacher, Michael (2003). Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton. New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2466-5.
  • Tatsaku, Ren (December 2011). The Oricon Sales Report (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Oricon Style – Recording Industry Association of Japan.

Further reading

  • Coleman, Ray (1985). Clapton!. Warner Books. pp. 179–192.

External links

  • "Layla" (2014 live) by Eric Clapton on YouTube

May 05, 2023
layla, this, article, about, 1970, song, album, which, appears, other, assorted, love, songs, 2022, song, robin, schürze, song, other, uses, disambiguation, song, written, eric, clapton, gordon, originally, recorded, with, their, band, derek, dominos, thirteen. This article is about the 1970 song For the album on which it appears see Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs For the 2022 song see Layla DJ Robin amp Schurze song For other uses see Layla disambiguation Layla is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon originally recorded with their band Derek and the Dominos as the thirteenth track from their only studio album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs 1970 Its contrasting movements were composed separately by Clapton and Gordon The piano part has also been controversially credited to Rita Coolidge Gordon s girlfriend at the time Layla Side A of the 1972 UK single releaseSingle by Derek and the Dominosfrom the album Layla and Other Assorted Love SongsB side I Am Yours ReleasedMarch 1971 1971 03 Recorded9 September 1970StudioCriteria MiamiGenreRock Blues rockLength7 04 album version 2 43 single version LabelAtco US RSO PolydorSongwriter s Eric Clapton Jim GordonProducer s Tom Dowd Derek and the DominosDerek and the Dominos singles chronology Bell Bottom Blues 1970 Layla 1971 Why Does Love Got To Be So Sad 1973 Audio Layla by Derek and the Dominos on YouTubeThe song was inspired by a love story that originated in 7th century Arabia and later formed the basis of The Story of Layla and Majnun by the 12th century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi 1 a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton The book moved Clapton profoundly because it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful young girl went crazy and so could not marry her 2 3 4 The song was further inspired by Clapton s secret love for Pattie Boyd the wife of his friend and fellow musician George Harrison After Harrison and Boyd divorced Clapton and Boyd eventually married Layla 5 has since its release experienced great critical and popular acclaim and is often hailed as being among the greatest rock songs of all time Two versions have achieved chart success the first in 1972 and the second 20 years later as an acoustic Unplugged performance by Clapton In 2004 Layla was ranked number 27 on Rolling Stone s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and the acoustic version won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song Contents 1 Background 2 Writing and recording 3 Personnel 4 Beyond the original album 5 Charts 5 1 Weekly charts 5 2 Year end charts 6 Certifications 7 Unplugged version 7 1 Recording 7 2 Arrangement 7 3 Reception 7 4 Charts 7 4 1 Weekly charts 7 4 2 Year end charts 7 5 Certifications 8 Critical reception and legacy 9 References 9 1 Bibliography 10 Further reading 11 External linksBackground EditIn 1966 Beatles guitarist George Harrison married Pattie Boyd a model he met two years before during the filming of A Hard Day s Night During the late 1960s Clapton and Harrison became close friends Clapton contributed uncredited although openly acknowledged guitar work on Harrison s song While My Guitar Gently Weeps on the Beatles self titled double album also known as the White Album and Harrison co wrote and played guitar on Cream s Badge from Goodbye However between his tenures in Cream and Blind Faith Clapton fell in love with Boyd 6 The title of Layla was inspired by the story of Layla and Majnun which Clapton had been told by his friend Ian Dallas 6 who was in the process of converting to Islam Nizami s tale about a moon princess who was married off by her father to a man she did not love resulting in Majnun s madness struck a deep chord with Clapton 7 Boyd divorced Harrison in 1977 and married Clapton in 1979 during a concert stop in Tucson Arizona 8 Harrison was not bitter about the divorce and attended Clapton s wedding party with his former bandmates Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney 9 During their relationship Clapton wrote another love ballad for Boyd Wonderful Tonight 1977 10 Clapton and Boyd divorced in 1989 11 Writing and recording EditAfter the break up of Cream Clapton tried his hand with several groups including Blind Faith and the husband and wife duo Delaney amp Bonnie In the spring of 1970 he was told that some members of Delaney amp Bonnie s back up band including bassist Carl Radle drummer Jim Gordon and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock were leaving the group Seizing the opportunity Clapton formed a new group with Whitlock Radle and Gordon 12 Naming themselves Derek and the Dominos the band made our bones according to Clapton while backing Harrison on his first post Beatles solo album All Things Must Pass 13 During the recording of the Layla album Duane Allman joined Clapton s fledgling band as a guest Clapton and Allman already mutual fans were introduced by Tom Dowd at an Allman Brothers concert on 26 August 1970 14 15 The two hit it off well and soon became good friends Dowd said of their guitar playing chemistry There had to be some sort of telepathy going on because I ve never seen spontaneous inspiration happen at that rate and level One of them would play something and the other reacted instantaneously Never once did either of them have to say Could you play that again please It was like two hands in a glove And they got tremendously off on playing with each other 16 Dowd was already famous for a variety of work and had worked with Clapton in his Cream days Clapton once called him the ideal recording man his work on the album would be another achievement For the making of his biographical film Tom Dowd amp the Language of Music he remixed the original master tapes of Layla 17 saying There are my principles in one form or another 14 time needed Clapton originally wrote Layla as a ballad with lyrics describing his unrequited love for Boyd but the song became a rocker when according to Clapton Allman composed the song s signature riff 16 18 With the band assembled and Dowd producing Layla was recorded in its rock form The recording of the first section consisted of sixteen tracks of which six were guitar tracks a rhythm part by Clapton three tracks of harmonies played by Clapton the main power chord riff on both channels and two harmonies against that main riff one on the left channel and one on the right channel a track of solos by Allman fretted solos with bent notes during the verses and a slide solo during the outro 19 and one track with both Allman and Clapton playing duplicate solos the 7 note signature riff doubled in two octaves and the 12 note signature riff doubled in unison 16 20 According to Clapton Allman played the first seven notes of the 12 note signature riff fretted and the last five notes on slide in standard tuning 19 Each player used one input of the same two input Fender Champ amplifier 19 21 Shortly afterwards Clapton returned to the studio where he heard Jim Gordon playing a piano piece he had composed separately Impressed by the piece Clapton convinced Gordon to allow it to be used as part of the song 12 Though only Gordon has been credited with this part according to Whitlock Jim took that piano melody from his ex girlfriend Rita Coolidge I know because in the D amp B days I lived in John Garfield s old house in the Hollywood Hills and there was a guest house with an upright piano in it Rita and Jim were up there in the guest house and invited me to join in on writing this song with them called Time Her sister Priscilla wound up recording it with Booker T Jones Jim took the melody from Rita s song and didn t give her credit for writing it Her boyfriend ripped her off 22 Time ended up on the 1973 album Chronicles by Booker T and Priscilla Jones Whitlock s story was echoed by Coolidge herself in her 2016 autobiography The claim is also substantiated in Graham Nash s 2014 autobiography Wild Tales Layla s second movement the Piano Exit was recorded roughly a week after the first with Gordon playing his piano part Clapton playing acoustic guitar and slide guitar and Allman playing electric and bottleneck slide guitar 16 20 After Dowd spliced the two movements together 16 Layla was complete source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file The opening five bars to the guitar part of Layla Due to the circumstances of its composition Layla is defined by two movements each marked by a riff The first movement which was recorded in the key of D minor for choruses and C sharp minor for verses 23 is centred around the signature riff a guitar piece using hammer ons pull offs and power chords The first section contains the overdub heavy slide guitar solo played by Allman By placing his slide at points beyond the end of the fretboard Allman was able to play notes at a higher pitch than could be played with standard technique Dowd referred to this as notes that aren t on the instrument 14 time needed The second movement is commonly referred to as the Piano Exit 24 Originally played in C major the tape speed of the coda was increased slightly during mixing The resulting pitch is somewhere between C and C sharp The piano interlude at the end of the song is augmented by an acoustic guitar and is also the accompaniment to the outro solo The same melody is also played on Allman s slide guitar an octave higher Gordon does not improvise or deviate from the piano part Clapton and Allman are the ones who improvise the melody The song ends with Allman playing his signature high pitched bird call on his slide guitar 16 This portion is featured prominently in the film Goodfellas Clapton commented on the song 25 Layla is a difficult one because it s a difficult song to perform live You have to have a good complement of musicians to get all of the ingredients going but when you ve got that It s difficult to do as a quartet for instance because there are some parts you have to play and sing completely opposing lines which is almost impossible to do If you ve got a big band which I will have on the tour then it will be easy to do something like Layla and I m very proud of it I love to hear it It s almost like it s not me It s like I m listening to someone that I really like Derek and The Dominos was a band I really liked and it s almost like I wasn t in that band It s just a band that I m a fan of Sometimes my own music can be like that When it s served its purpose to being good music I don t associate myself with it any more It s like someone else It s easy to do those songs then Pattie Boyd later reflected I think that he was amazingly raw at the time He s such an incredible musician that he s able to put his emotions into music in such a way that the audience can feel it instinctively It goes right through you 26 Personnel EditEric Clapton lead vocals lead guitar rhythm guitar acoustic guitar Duane Allman lead guitar slide guitar Bobby Whitlock Hammond organ piano background vocals Carl Radle bass guitar Jim Gordon drums percussion piano Tom Dowd producer Howard Albert Ron Albert Mack Emerman Chuck Kirkpatrick Karl Richardson recording engineersBeyond the original album EditLayla and Other Assorted Love Songs opened to lacklustre sales as the Derek and the Dominos album never actually reached the music charts in the United Kingdom possibly in part because Clapton s name was found only on the back cover In addition the song s length proved prohibitive for radio airplay 5 As a result a shortened version of the song consisting of the first 2 43 of Part I was released as a single in March 1971 by Atco Records in the United States The version peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart When Layla was re released on the 1972 compilations The History of Eric Clapton and Duane Allman s An Anthology and then released the full 7 10 version including the Piano Exit that formed Part II as a single it charted at number seven in the United Kingdom and reached number 10 in the United States With good sales figures the Billboard magazine was able to rank the Rock single as the 60th best selling song in 1972 In 1982 Layla was re released as a single in the United Kingdom and peaked at number four This time the whole seven minute single charted containing the trailing two thirds which is instrumental only Critical opinion since has been overwhelmingly positive Dave Marsh in The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll wrote that there are few moments in the repertoire of recorded rock where a singer or writer has reached so deeply into himself that the effect of hearing them is akin to witnessing a murder or a suicide to me Layla is the greatest of them 5 Marsh listed Layla at number 156 in his The Heart of Rock amp Soul The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made 27 In May 1980 Layla was covered by the London Symphony Orchestra but without the lyrics being recorded at EMI Studio One Abbey Road London 28 A similar version has been performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 29 On 20 September 1983 a benefit show called the ARMS Charity Concert for Multiple Sclerosis at the Royal Albert Hall in London featured a jam with Eric Clapton Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page performing Layla 30 Clapton Beck and Page were the Yardbirds successive lead guitarists from 1963 to 1968 31 In 2003 the Allman Brothers Band began playing the song in concert Warren Haynes sang the vocal Gregg Allman played the piano part and Derek Trucks played Duane Allman s guitar parts during the coda The performances were seen as a tribute not only to Allman but also to producer Tom Dowd who had died the previous year 32 Eric Clapton recorded yet a third version Layla appears as track seven on Play the Blues Live from Jazz at Lincoln Center 33 Personnel on this version include Wynton Marsalis vocals trumpet Eric Clapton vocals guitar Victor Goines clarinet Marcus Printup trumpet Chris Crenshaw trombone vocals Don Vappie banjo Chris Stainton keyboards Dan Nimmer piano Carlos Henriquez bass and Ali Jackson drums Charts EditWeekly charts Edit Chart 1971 PeakpositionAustralia Kent Music Report 34 100Japanese Singles Chart 35 8Netherlands 40 Singles Chart 36 9Polish Singles Chart 37 3US Billboard Hot 100 38 51US Cash Box Singles 39 52Chart 1972 PeakpositionCanadian RPM 100 Singles 40 9Irish Singles Chart 41 10Netherlands 40 Singles Chart 36 12New Zealand Singles Chart 42 2Puerto Rican Singles Chart 43 1UK Singles Chart 44 7US Billboard Hot 100 45 10US Cash Box Singles 46 14US Record World Singles 47 12Chart 1982 PeakpositionIrish Singles Chart 41 4Japanese Singles Chart 35 9Polish Singles Chart 48 10UK Singles Chart 49 4Chart 2007 PeakpositionJapanese Singles Chart 35 189UK Singles Chart 50 113 Year end charts Edit Chart 1971 PositionJapanese Singles Chart 35 75Chart 1972 PositionNew Zealand Singles Chart 51 51US Billboard Hot 100 52 60Chart 1982 PositionJapanese Singles Chart 35 32Certifications EditRegion Certification Certified units salesUnited Kingdom BPI 53 Platinum 600 000 Sales streaming figures based on certification alone Unplugged version Edit Layla Acoustic Single by Eric Claptonfrom the album UnpluggedB side Tears in Heaven Acoustic Released14 September 1992 1992 09 14 Recorded16 January 1992GenreAcoustic rock 54 Length4 46LabelRepriseSongwriter s Eric Clapton Jim GordonProducer s Russ TitelmanEric Clapton singles chronology Tears in Heaven 1992 Layla Acoustic 1992 Down amp Out 1992 Audio Layla 1992 unplugged live by Eric Clapton on YouTubeAudio sample source source filehelpRecording Edit In 1992 Clapton was invited to play for the MTV Unplugged series On 16 January 1992 he recorded an acoustic album accompanied by a concert film at the Bray Studios in Bray Berkshire 55 Although the production team and Clapton s staff liked the recordings Clapton did not want to release either the album or the concert film Finally Clapton agreed to release the album in a limited edition When Unplugged sold out Clapton gave Warner Bros and Reprise Records the permission to delete the limited album production For the album Clapton decided to record both new material like Lonely Stranger and old songs he grew up with such as Nobody Knows You When You re Down and Out or enjoyed listening to or had written as an adult like San Francisco Bay Blues and Layla 56 Clapton who plays acoustic guitar and sings on the live track was backed by Andy Fairweather Low who played acoustic rhythm guitar Nathan East on acoustic bass guitar and background vocals Ray Cooper on percussion Steve Ferrone on drums Katie Kissoon and Tessa Niles on background vocals as well as Chuck Leavell on piano 57 Pianist Chuck Leavell recalled that recording the acoustic version of Layla felt natural to him and liked that the band was given some space to play during the body of the song and not just during the reprise like it is on the original recording It gave us a chance to interpret the song in our way and it did work out well and it gave it a rebirth I think Leavell said 58 The acoustic version of Layla was produced by Russ Titelman 59 Clapton recorded the acoustic version of Layla on a C F Martin amp Co steel string acoustic guitar in OOO 42 style from 1939 which was hand built in Nazareth Pennsylvania No OOO 42 73234 Clapton called this guitar one of the finest instruments he has ever used and called its sound incredible The auction house Christie s noted the guitar became one of the most enduring images of recent music history being a part of the Unplugged album cover 60 Christie s expert for the musical department Kerry Keane called the instrument in the hands of Eric Clapton singly responsible for the repolarization of playing acoustic guitar today When Keane played the guitar he also remarked an amazing sound as the acoustic guitar seems to have a wonderfully balanced tone which is loud and sweet at the same time with an incredible bass note 61 The vintage instrument was estimated to sell for between 60 000 and 80 000 but was in the end sold for 791 500 62 Arrangement Edit Rhythm acoustic guitar player Andy Fairweather Low was invited by Clapton to his flat in Chelsea London to work out the songs to be recorded for the Unplugged album in January 1992 During the process Clapton suggested that it would be a good idea to do another version of Layla Fairweather Low agreed because he had wanted to release one himself as a big Derek and the Dominos fan Clapton thought that the perfect arrangement for the rock anthem would be a shuffle because he always liked changing the tempo of a song and looking at something from a different angle 58 When Clapton was asked about the acoustic version of the song by the MTV Network he replied Layla sort of mystified me I have done it the same all these years and never ever considered trying to revamp it And a lot of artists do that you know Bob Dylan for instance changes everything everytime he plays it and I thought this was another great opportunity to just take it off on a different path to put it to a shuffle and for a start making it acoustic denied all the riffs really They would have sounded a bit weak I think on the acoustic guitar so it just seemed to become Jazzier somehow And of course I m singing it a whole octave down So it gives it a nice kind of atmosphere 63 The song was written in the key of D minor which Clapton recalled pushed him to the top of his singing range When Clapton slowed it down Fairweather Low suggested Clapton should sing the track a whole octave down Clapton was pleased with the result as it sounded nice and sort of Jazzy to him 58 The new arrangement slowed down and reworked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda Because Clapton changed the arrangement so much he decided to introduce this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating See if you can spot this one 64 Reception Edit AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that Layla seemed to be the Unplugged album s hit he describes it as a slow crawl through Derek amp the Dominos version turning that anguished howl of pain into a cozy shuffle and the whole album proceeds at a similar amiable gait taking its time and enjoying detours into old blues standards 65 Journalist Steve Hochman called the acoustic version a low key but seductive recasting 66 Music broadcaster VH1 thinks the Unplugged version revealed Clapton s guitar skills in the acoustic setting which was particularly obvious on the reworking of Layla that stressed Clapton s tender side without forfeitting intensity 67 Entertainment Weekly journalists picked the tune as the mega hit off the Unplugged album The critics especially liked Leavell s piano work on the song saying that it adds a smoky jazz joint torch song ambience that s both expectation shattering and emotionally compelling to the tune 68 Charts Edit Weekly charts Edit Chart 1992 1993 PeakpositionAustralian Singles Chart 69 7Belgium Flanders 30 Singles Chart 70 22Belgium Flanders 50 Singles Chart 71 19Canadian Adult Contemporary 72 4Canadian Singles Chart 73 1German Singles Chart 74 35Icelandic Singles Chart 75 5Irish Singles Chart 41 20Italian Singles Chart 76 8Japanese Singles Chart 77 1Netherlands 100 Singles Chart 78 8Netherlands 40 Singles Chart 79 4New Zealand Singles Chart 80 3Swiss Singles Chart 81 28UK Singles Chart 82 45US Billboard Hot 100 83 12US Adult Contemporary Billboard 84 8US Mainstream Rock Billboard 85 9US Mainstream Top 40 Billboard 86 4US Radio Songs Billboard 87 12US Cash Box Top 100 88 7 Year end charts Edit Chart 1992 PositionAustralian Singles Chart 89 28Belgium Flanders 50 Singles Chart 90 102Canadian Singles Chart 91 5Canadian Adult Contemporary 92 27German Singles Chart 93 196Japanese Singles Chart 77 25Netherlands 100 Singles Chart 94 40Netherlands 40 Singles Chart 95 40New Zealand Singles Chart 96 52Swiss Singles Chart 97 144US Billboard Hot 100 98 88US Billboard Radio Airplay 99 83Chart 1993 PositionIcelandic Singles Chart 100 52 Certifications Edit Region Certification Certified units salesAustralia ARIA 89 Gold 35 000 Japan RIAJ 77 Gold United Kingdom BPI 101 Silver 200 000 United States RIAA 230 000 102 Shipments figures based on certification alone Sales streaming figures based on certification alone Critical reception and legacy EditIn 1970 Jamrock Entertainment listed Layla as the best song of the year 103 In 1972 Layla was one of the most performed songs of the year 104 and was already considered a rock standard 105 With its re release in 1982 the song was again praised 106 107 It is featured on a number of greatest ever lists The song was chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of its 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll 108 and Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 27 on their list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time 109 The Recording Industry Association of America ranked Layla at number 118 on their Songs of the Century on 7 March 2001 110 Music critic Dave Marsh placed the tune at number two in his Best Singles of the Year 1972 compilation 111 Based on such rankings Acclaimed Music lists the original version as the 61st most acclaimed song of all time the most acclaimed song of 1970 and the 12th most acclaimed song of the 1970s 112 With its reworking in 1992 for the Unplugged album Layla became an all time hit song as it won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1993 113 and was broadcast nonstop in 1992 and 1993 on the radio in stores and on television around the globe 114 In 1992 Layla was the most performed song of the year 115 and won a BMI Broadcasting Award for radio and television appearances of the 1992 Layla for more than two million times in summer of 1994 116 As of 2011 Layla had attained more than six million broadcasts on television and the radio or performances on other records and during live concerts 117 Layla was used in Goodfellas during the scene portraying the aftermath of the 1978 Lufthansa heist Director Martin Scorsese planned out the sequence with the song specifically in mind playing it on set to synchronise with the staging and camera movement 118 The song also plays during the film s ending credits after a cover of My Way by Sid Vicious American record producer DJ Khaled sampled the Derek and the Dominos arrangement of Layla in his 2021 song I Did It featuring American rappers Post Malone Megan Thee Stallion and Lil Baby 119 References Edit Seyed Gohrab A A 15 July 2009 Leyli o Majnun Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 27 November 2016 McKeen 2000 p 127 Santoro 1995 p 62 Clapton 2007 p 107 a b c Gambaccini 1987 p page needed a b Clapton 2007 p page needed Patterson Jean Autumn 1998 Crazy About Layla Eric Clapton Song Inspired by Nizami 12th century Azerbaijani Poet Azerbaijan International Retrieved 14 June 2011 Boyd amp Junor 2008 p page needed Edna Gundersen 10 April 2007 Clapton doesn t sing the blues in autobiography USA Today Retrieved 2 February 2013 Tony Grassi 31 July 2011 Pattie Boyd The Woman Behind Eric Clapton s Wonderful Tonight Guitar World Retrieved 2 February 2013 Claire Suddath 28 September 2010 George Harrison Eric Clapton and Pattie Boyd Time Archived from the original on 1 October 2010 Retrieved 2 February 2013 a b Williamson Nigel Derek and The Dominos Layla amp Other Assorted Retrieved 14 June 2011 White Timothy March 1990 Rollin amp Tumblin Spin p 36 a b c Moormann Mark 2003 Tom Dowd amp the Language of Music New York Force Entertainment OCLC 225191912 Eric Clapton Jams with the Allman Brothers Band 20 March 2009 Retrieved 17 April 2020 a b c d e f 100 Greatest Guitar Solos 14 Layla Eric Clapton Duane Allman Guitar World 28 October 2008 Archived from the original on 31 August 2009 Retrieved 15 September 2009 Derek Halsey Tom Dowd The Legendary Producer Dies on 27 October 2002 Gritz Archived from the original on 10 February 2005 Retrieved 14 June 2011 Schumacher 2003 p 151 a b c Guitar Player Magazine July 1985 pp 71 72 a b Original Criteria studio Track Identification Chart ToneQuest Report January February 2010 Vol 11 No 3 Layla s 40th The Where s Eric Interview With Bobby Whitlock Perrin amp Clapton 1996 p page needed Sold on Song Top 100 Layla BBC Radio 2 Retrieved 14 June 2011 Hrano Mike Eric Clapton The Mike Hrano Interview Retrieved 14 June 2011 Leopold Todd 3 February 2005 Harrison Clapton and their muse CNN Retrieved 14 June 2011 Marsh 1999 pp 109 110 London symphony orchestra Layla 1981 YouTube 9 April 2008 Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 Retrieved 18 March 2012 The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Layla YouTube Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 Retrieved 18 March 2012 Layla Eric Clapton The Stones Jeff Beck Jimmy Page Bram Schouten 7 March 2008 Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 Retrieved 29 June 2020 via YouTube The Yardbirds Happenings 35 Years Time Later Retrieved 14 June 2011 Collette Doug 17 February 2014 The Allman Brothers Band in Concert Beacon Theatre 2003 All About Jazz Retrieved 7 January 2017 Wynton Marsalis amp Eric Clapton play the blues sic LIVE FROM JAZZ AT LINCOLN CENTER 2011 Rhino Entertainment Company a Warner Music Group Company Kent 1993 p page needed a b c d e Tatsaku 2011 p 285 a b Derek and the Dominos Layla Dutch Top 40 in Dutch Netherlands Top 40 Retrieved 2 January 2016 Hits 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Acclaimed Music Retrieved 24 December 2021 Grammy Awards Best Rock Song National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Rock on the Net Retrieved 3 January 2016 Stein Sadie 15 May 2015 Listening to Layla The Paris Review Theparisreview org Retrieved 3 January 2016 BMI Salutes Lennon McCartney s Yesterday PDF Billboard Vol 105 no 47 20 November 1993 p 50 ISSN 0006 2510 Retrieved 3 January 2016 Complete List of BMI Song Winners PDF Billboard Vol 106 no 23 4 June 1994 p 24 ISSN 0006 2510 Retrieved 3 January 2016 Bonhams A Special Citation of Achievement certificate presented by the BMI to Eric Clapton Bonhams com 9 March 2011 Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 3 January 2016 Ebiri Bilge 16 April 2015 11 Things We Learned About Goodfellas From Saturday s Tribeca Q amp A Vulture Amorosi A D 30 April 2021 DJ Khaled Scores as Summer Party Host With Superstar Studded Khaled Khaled Album Review Variety Retrieved 20 January 2022 Bibliography Edit Armani Luciano December 2008 Premi della FIMI italiana FIMI certifications in Italian Milan Italy Boyd Pattie Junor Penny 2008 Wonderful Tonight Crown ISBN 978 0 307 45022 7 Clapton Eric 2007 Clapton The Autobiography New York Broadway Books ISBN 978 0 385 51851 2 Fuld William J 1998 The New Zealand Charts A Red Chart 2nd ed Fuld Pressings Gambaccini Paul 1987 The Top 100 Rock n Roll Albums of All Time Harmony Books ISBN 978 0 517 56561 2 Keane Kerry 2004 Crossroads Guitar Auction Eric Clapton and Friends for the Crossroads Centre Thursday 24 June 2004 Christie s New York ASIN B000UVFW6G Kent David 1993 Australian Chart Book 1970 1992 St Ives New South Wales Australia Australian Chart Book ISBN 978 0 646 11917 5 Marsh Dave November 1982 The Book of Rock Lists Dell Books ISBN 978 0 440 57580 1 Marsh Dave 1999 The Heart of Rock amp Soul The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made New York DaCapo Press ISBN 978 0 306 80901 9 McKeen William 2000 Rock and roll is here to stay an anthology W W Norton amp Company ISBN 978 0 393 04700 4 Perrin Jeff Clapton Eric 1996 The Best of Eric Clapton A Step by Step Breakdown of His Playing Technique Milwaukee Hal Leonard ISBN 978 0 7935 5801 8 Santoro Gene 1995 Dancing in Your Head Jazz Blues Rock and Beyond Oxford University Press US ISBN 978 0 195 10123 2 Schumacher Michael 2003 Crossroads The Life and Music of Eric Clapton New York Citadel Press ISBN 978 0 8065 2466 5 Tatsaku Ren December 2011 The Oricon Sales Report in Japanese Tokyo Japan Oricon Style Recording Industry Association of Japan Further reading EditColeman Ray 1985 Clapton Warner Books pp 179 192 External links Edit Layla 2014 live by Eric Clapton on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Layla amp oldid 1152454809, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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