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Demographics of India

India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population. According to the UN estimates, India has overtaken China in having the largest population in the world with population of 1,425,775,850 at the end of April 2023.[5][6]

Demographics of India
India population pyramid in 2020
Population 1,425,775,850[1] (2023 est.)
Density473.42 people per.km2 (2021 est.)[2]
Growth rate0.68% (2022 est.)[2]
Birth rate16.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)[2]
Death rate6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)[2]
Life expectancy 72.0 years (2023 est.)[2]
 • male70.5 years (2023 est.)
 • female73.6 years (2023 est.)
Fertility rate 2.00 children born per woman (2023)[2]
Infant mortality rate29.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2018)[3]
Age structure
0–14 years25.68% (male 183,695,000/female 166,295,000) (2021 est.)
15–64 years67.49% (male 472,653,000/female 447,337,000) (2021 est.)
65 and over6.83% (male 44,275,000/female 48,751,000) (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
Total1.06 male(s)/female (2023)[4]
At birth1.1 male(s)/female (2023)[4]
Under 151.11 male(s)/female (2023)[4]
15–64 years1.07 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
65 and over0.85 male(s)/female (2023)[4]
Nationality
Major ethnicSee Ethnic groups of India
Language
OfficialSee Languages of India
Spoken

Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to 1.2 billion, reaching the billion mark in 2000. India overtook China to become the most populous country at the end of April 2023.[7] As of the UN data released in April 2023,[8] India has surpassed China to become the world's most populous nation. According to the UN's World Population dashboard, India's population now stands at slightly over 1.428 billion, edging past China's population of 1.425 billion people, as reported by the news agency Bloomberg.[9] its population is set to reach 1.7 billion by 2050.[10][11] In 2017 its population growth rate was 0.98%, ranking 112th in the world; in contrast, from 1972 to 1983, India's population grew by an annual rate of 2.3%.[12]

In 2022, the median age of an Indian was 28.7 years,[13] compared to 38.4 for China and 48.6 for Japan; and, by 2030; India's dependency ratio will be just over 0.4.[14] However, the number of children in India peaked more than a decade ago and is now falling. The number of children under the age of five peaked in 2007, and since then the number has been falling. The number of Indians under 15 years old peaked slightly later (in 2011) and is now also declining.[15]

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups,[16] and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates: the Nihali language,[17] spoken in parts of Maharashtra, and the Burushaski language, spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir. 1,000,000 people in India are Anglo-Indians and 700,000 United States citizens are living in India.[18] They represent over 0.1% of the total population of India. Overall, only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.[19]

The sex ratio was 944 females for 1000 males in 2016, and 940 per 1000 in 2011.[20] This ratio has been showing an upwards trend for the last two decades after a continuous decline in the 20th century.[21]

History edit

 
Historical population of India and China since 1100 with projection to 2100

Prehistory to early 19th century edit

The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[22][23]

Year Maddison (2001)[24] Clark (1967)[25][26][27] Biraben (1979)[26][28][29] Durand (1974)[30][26] McEvedy (1978)[31][26] Aggregate average Period Average
 % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
Population % growth
/ century
10,000 BC 100,000 100,000 Stone Age 3.9
4000 BC 1,000,000 3.9 1,000,000 3.9
2000 BC 6,000,000 9.4 6,000,000 9.4 Bronze Age 9.4
500 BC 25,000,000 10 25,000,000 10 Iron Age 10.2
400 BC 30,000,000 26,600,000 6.3 28,300,000 13.2
200 BC 55,000,000 35.4 30,000,000 6.3 42,500,000 22.5 Maurya era 22.5
1 AD 75,000,000 70,000,000 46,000,000 –9.3 75,000,000 34,000,000 6.5 60,000,000 18.8 Classical
era
5.3
200 75,000,000 0 72,500,000 1.7 45,000,000 –1.1 75,000,000 0 39,000,000 7.1 61,300,000 1.1
400 75,000,000 0 75,000,000 1.7 32,000,000 –18.6 75,000,000 0 45,000,000 7.4 60,400,000 –0.7
500 75,000,000 0 75,000,000 0 33,000,000 3.1 75,000,000 0 48,000,000 6.5 61,200,000 1.3
600 75,000,000 0 75,000,000 0 37,000,000 12.1 75,000,000 0 51,000,000 6.5 62,600,000 2.3 Early
medieval
era
1.9
700 75,000,000 0 75,000,000 0 50,000,000 35.1 75,000,000 0 56,500,000 10.3 66,300,000 5.9
800 75,000,000 0 75,000,000 0 43,000,000 –16.3 75,000,000 0 62,000,000 10.3 66,000,000 –0.5
900 75,000,000 0 72,500,000 –3.5 38,000,000 –13.2 75,000,000 0 69,500,000 11.4 66,000,000 0
1000 75,000,000 0 70,000,000 –3.5 40,000,000 5.3 75,000,000 0 77,000,000 11.4 67,400,000 2.1
1100 81,000,000 8 72,500,000 3.5 51,000,000 27.5 81,300,000 8.4 80,000,000 3.9 73,200,000 8.6 Late
medieval
era
8.1
1200 87,500,000 8 75,000,000 3.5 65,100,000 27.5 88,200,000 8.4 83,000,000 3.8 79,800,000 9
1300 94,500,000 8 75,000,000 0 83,000,000 27.5 95,700,000 8.4 88,000,000 6 87,200,000 9.3
1400 102,000,000 8 77,000,000 3.3 88,800,000 7 103,700,000 8.4 94,000,000 6.8 92,900,000 7
1500 110,000,000 8 79,000,000 3.3 95,000,000 7 112,500,000 8.4 100,000,000 6.4 99,300,000 7
1600 135,000,000 22.8 100,000,000 26.6 145,000,000 52.6 135,800,000 20.7 130,000,000 30 129,200,000 30.1 Mughal era 31.9
1650 150,000,000 22.2 150,000,000 125 160,000,000 20.7 149,100,000 20.7 145,000,000 24.4 150,800,000 36.2
1700 165,000,000 22.2 200,000,000 77.8 175,000,000 20.7 163,900,000 20.7 160,000,000 21.8 172,800,000 31.3
1750 182,100,000 21.8 200,000,000 0 182,700,000 9 180,000,000 20.7 170,000,000 12.9 183,000,000 12.1 Colonial
era
12.2
1800 200,900,000 21.8 190,000,000 –10.8 190,700,000 9 185,000,000 18.4 190,400,000 8
1820 209,000,000 21.8 190,000,000 0 194,000,000 9 200,000,000 47.7 198,300,000 22

The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate,[32] before population growth slowed down in the classical era up to 500 AD, and then became largely stagnant during the early medieval era era up to 1000 AD.[24][26] The population growth rate then increased in the late medieval era (during the Delhi Sultanate) from 1000 to 1500.[24][26]

Under the Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge,[32] due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production.[33] 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India[34] and contemporary Europe[34] up until the 19th century.[35] These estimates by Abraham Eraly[34] and Paolo Malanima[35] have been criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations and estimates urbanisation of the Mughal Empire to be less than 9% of the population.[36]

Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe.[37] By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871.[38] Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships.[34] A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people,[34] with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people[39] and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people.[40] Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707).[37]

Late 19th century to early 20th century edit

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire years. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation.[41]

Years 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1902[41]
Total Fertility Rate in India 5.95 5.92 5.89 5.86 5.82 5.79 4.38 5.76 5.76 5.75 5.75 5.75
Years 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930[41]
Total Fertility Rate in India 5.761 5.77 5.78 5.79 5.8 5.81 5.82 5.83 5.85 5.86

Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950

Years 1881 1891 1901 1905 1911 1915 1921 1925 1931 1935 1941 1950[42]
Life expectancy in India 25.4 24.3 23.5 24.0 23.2 24.0 24.9 27.6 29.3 31.0 32.6 35.4

The population of India under the British Raj (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) according to censuses:

Census year Population Growth (%)
1871[43] 238,830,958
1881[44] 253,896,330 6.3
1891[43] 287,223,431 13.1
1901[43] 293,550,310 2.2
1911[45] 315,156,396 7.4
1921[45] 318,942,480 1.2
1931[45] 352,837,778 10.6
1941[45] 388,997,955 10.2

Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai (Bombay), and Kolkata (Calcutta).[46]

Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunisation. Suggestions that it was the benefits of colonialism are refuted by academic thinking: "There can be no serious, informed belief… that… late colonial era mortality diminished and population grew rapidly because of improvements in income, living standards, nutrition, environmental standards, sanitation or health policies, nor was there a cultural transformation…".[47]

Salient features edit

 
Crude birth rate trends in India
(per 1000 people, national average)[48][49][50]
 
Infant mortality rate trends in India
(per 1000 births, under age 1, national average)

India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population[51] lived in about 638,000 villages[52] and the remaining 27.8%[51] lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[53]

India's population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010.[54] However, because Africa's population growth is nearly double that of India, it is expected to surpass both China and India by 2025.[citation needed]

Comparative demographics edit

Comparative demographics
Category Global ranking References
Area 7th [55]
Population 1st [55]
Population growth rate 102nd of 212 in 2010[56]
Population density 24th of 212 in 2010[56]
Male to Female ratio, at birth 12th of 214 in 2009[57]

List of states and union territories by demographics edit

Population growth of India per decade[58]
Census year Population Change (%)
1951 361,088,003
1961 439,235,000 21.6
1971 548,160,000 24.8
1981 683,329,000 24.7
1991 846,387,888 23.9
2001 1,028,737,436 21.5
2011 1,210,193,422 17.7
Population distribution by states/union territories (2011)
Rank State/UT Population[59] Percent (%) Male Female Difference between male and female Sex ratio Rural[60] Urban[60] Area[61] (km2) Density (per km2)
1 Uttar Pradesh 199,812,341 16.50 104,480,510 95,331,831 9,148,679 930 155,111,022 44,470,455 240,928 828
2 Maharashtra 112,374,333 9.28 58,243,056 54,131,277 4,111,779 929 61,545,441 50,827,531 307,713 365
3 Bihar 104,099,452 8.60 54,278,157 49,821,295 4,456,862 918 92,075,028 11,729,609 94,163 1,102
4 West Bengal 91,276,115 7.54 46,809,027 44,467,088 2,341,939 950 62,213,676 29,134,060 88,752 1,030
5 Madhya Pradesh 72,626,809 6.00 37,612,306 35,014,503 2,597,803 931 52,537,899 20,059,666 308,245 236
6 Tamil Nadu 72,147,030 5.96 36,137,975 36,009,055 128,920 996 37,189,229 34,949,729 130,058 555
7 Rajasthan 68,548,437 5.66 35,550,997 32,997,440 2,553,557 928 51,540,236 17,080,776 342,239 201
8 Karnataka 61,095,297 5.05 30,966,657 30,128,640 838,017 973 37,552,529 23,578,175 191,791 319
9 Gujarat 60,439,692 4.99 31,491,260 28,948,432 2,542,828 919 34,670,817 25,712,811 196,024 308
10 Andhra Pradesh 49,386,799 4.08 24,738,068 24,648,731 89,337 996 34,776,389 14,610,410 160,205 308
11 Odisha 41,974,218 3.47 21,212,136 20,762,082 450,054 979 34,951,234 6,996,124 155,707 269
12 Telangana 35,193,978 2.91 17,704,078 17,489,900 214,178 988 21,585,313 13,608,665 114,840 307
13 Kerala 33,406,061 2.76 16,027,412 17,378,649 −1,351,237 1084 17,445,506 15,932,171 38,863 859
14 Jharkhand 32,988,134 2.72 16,930,315 16,057,819 872,496 948 25,036,946 7,929,292 79,714 414
15 Assam 31,205,576 2.58 15,939,443 15,266,133 673,310 958 26,780,526 4,388,756 78,438 397
16 Punjab 27,743,338 2.29 14,639,465 13,103,873 1,535,592 895 17,316,800 10,387,436 50,362 550
17 Chhattisgarh 25,545,198 2.11 12,832,895 12,712,303 120,592 991 19,603,658 5,936,538 135,191 189
18 Haryana 25,351,462 2.09 13,494,734 11,856,728 1,638,006 879 16,531,493 8,821,588 44,212 573
19 Delhi (UT) 16,787,941 1.39 8,887,326 7,800,615 1,086,711 868 944,727 12,905,780 1,484 11,297
20 Jammu and Kashmir 12,541,302 1.04 6,640,662 5,900,640 740,022 889 9,134,820 3,414,106 222,236 56
21 Uttarakhand 10,086,292 0.83 5,137,773 4,948,519 189,254 963 7,025,583 3,091,169 53,483 189
22 Himachal Pradesh 6,864,602 0.57 3,481,873 3,382,729 99,144 972 6,167,805 688,704 55,673 123
23 Tripura 3,673,917 0.30 1,874,376 1,799,541 74,835 960 2,710,051 960,981 10,486 350
24 Meghalaya 2,966,889 0.25 1,491,832 1,475,057 16,775 989 2,368,971 595,036 22,429 132
25 Manipur 2,855,794 0.24 1,438,687 1,417,107 21,580 985 1,899,624 822,132 22,327 128
26 Nagaland 1,978,502 0.16 1,024,649 953,853 70,796 931 1,406,861 573,741 16,579 119
27 Goa 1,458,545 0.12 739,140 719,405 19,735 973 551,414 906,309 3,702 394
28 Arunachal Pradesh 1,383,727 0.11 713,912 669,815 44,097 938 1,069,165 313,446 83,743 17
29 Puducherry (UT) 1,247,953 0.10 612,511 635,442 −22,931 1037 394,341 850,123 479 2,598
30 Mizoram 1,097,206 0.09 555,339 541,867 13,472 976 529,037 561,997 21,081 52
31 Chandigarh (UT) 1,055,450 0.09 580,663 474,787 105,876 818 29,004 1,025,682 114 9,252
32 Sikkim 610,577 0.05 323,070 287,507 35,563 890 455,962 151,726 7,096 86
33 Andaman and Nicobar Islands (UT) 380,581 0.03 202,871 177,710 25,161 876 244,411 135,533 8,249 46
34 Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT) 343,709 0.03 193,760 149,949 43,811 774 183,024 159,829 491 698
35 Daman and Diu (UT) 243,247 0.02 150,301 92,946 57,355 618 60,331 182,580 112 2,169
36 Lakshadweep (UT) 64,473 0.01 33,123 31,350 1,773 946 14,121 50,308 32 2,013
Total (India) 1,210,854,977 100 623,724,248 586,469,174 35,585,741 943 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240 382

Religious demographics edit

The table below summarises India's demographics (excluding the Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent. The data are "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir. Missing citing/reference for "Changes in religious demagraphics over time" table below.

Religious populations' numbers (2011)[62]
Religion Population Percentage (%)
Hindus 966,378,868 79.80
Muslims 172,245,158 14.23
Christians 27,819,588 2.30
Sikhs 20,833,116 1.72
Buddhists 8,442,972 0.70
Jains 4,451,753 0.37
Others 7,937,734 0.66
Not Stated 2,867,303 0.24
Changes in religious demographics over time
Religious
group
Population
% 1951
Population
% 1961
Population
% 1971
Population
% 1981
Population
% 1991
Population
% 2001
Population
% 2011[63]
Hinduism 84.1% 83.45% 82.73% 82.30% 81.53% 80.46% 79.80%
Islam 9.8% 10.69% 11.21% 11.75% 12.61% 13.43% 14.23%
Christianity 2.3% 2.44% 2.60% 2.44% 2.32% 2.34% 2.30%
Sikhism 1.79% 1.79% 1.89% 1.92% 1.94% 1.87% 1.72%
Buddhism 0.74% 0.74% 0.70% 0.70% 0.77% 0.77% 0.70%
Jainism 0.46% 0.46% 0.48% 0.47% 0.40% 0.41% 0.37%
Zoroastrianism 0.13% 0.09% 0.09% 0.09% 0.08% 0.06% n/a
Others/Religion not specified 0.43% 0.43% 0.41% 0.42% 0.44% 0.72% 0.9%
Characteristics of religious groups[63]
Religious
group
Population (2011)
%
Growth
(2001–2011)[64][65]
Sex ratio (2011)
(total)[66]
Sex ratio (2011)
(rural)
Sex ratio (2011)
(urban)
Sex ratio (2011)
(child)[67]
Literacy (2011)
(%)[68]
Work participation (2011)
(%)[66][69]
Hinduism 79.80% 16.8% 939 946 921 913 73.3% 41.0%
Islam 14.23% 24.6% 951 957 941 943 68.5% 32.6%
Christianity 2.30% 15.5% 1023 1008 1046 958 84.5% 41.9%
Sikhism 1.72% 8.4% 903 905 898 828 75.4% 36.3%
Buddhism 0.70% 6.1% 965 960 973 933 81.3% 43.1%
Jainism 0.37% 5.4% 954 935 959 889 94.9% 35.5%
Others/Religion Not Specified 0.90% n/a 959 947 975 974 n/a n/a
 
Percentage of total population of India's administrative divisions made up by Muslims (2011)[70]

Neonatal and infant demographics edit

 
Male to female sex ratio for India, based on its official census data, from 1941 through 2011.[71] The data suggest the existence of high sex ratios before and after the arrival of ultrasound-based prenatal care and sex screening technologies in India.

The table below represents the infant mortality rate trends in India, based on sex, over the last 15 years. In the urban areas of India, average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than average female infant mortality rates.[72]

Infant mortality rate trend (deaths per 1000) As per NFHS & UNICEF Data.
Year Male Female Total
1998[73] 69.8 73.5 71.6
2005[72] 56.3 58 57[74]
2009[75] 49 52
2014[76] 43.7 37.90 40.7[74]
2018[77] 29.95 29.88 29.94[77]

Some activists believe India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven – activists posit that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011.[78] These claims are controversial. Scientists who study human sex ratios and demographic trends suggest that a birth sex ratio between 1.08 and 1.12 can be due to natural factors, such as the age of mother at the baby's birth, the age of father at conception, number of babies per couple, economic stress, endocrinological factors, and others.[79] The 2011 census birth sex ratio in India, of 917 girls to 1000 boys, is similar to birth sex ratios (870–930 girls to 1000 boys) observed in Japanese, Chinese, Cuban, Filipino and Hawaiian ethnic groups in the United States between 1940 and 2005. They are also similar to birth sex ratios (below 900 girls to 1000 boys) observed in mothers of different age groups and gestation periods in the United States.[80][81]

Population within the age group of 0–6 edit

Population between age 0–6 by state/union territory[82]
State or UT code State or UT Total Male Female Difference
1 Jammu and Kashmir 2,008,670 1,080,662 927,982 152,680
2 Himachal Pradesh 763,864 400,681 363,183 37,498
3 Punjab 2,941,570 1,593,262 1,348,308 244,954
4 Chandigarh 117,953 63,187 54,766 8,421
5 Uttarakhand 1,328,844 704,769 624,075 80,694
6 Haryana 3,297,724 1,802,047 1,495,677 306,370
7 Delhi 1,970,510 1,055,735 914,775 140,960
8 Rajasthan 10,504,916 5,580,212 4,924,004 656,208
9 Uttar Pradesh 29,728,235 15,653,175 14,075,060 1,578,115
10 Bihar 18,582,229 9,615,280 8,966,949 648,331
11 Sikkim 61,077 31,418 29,659 1,759
12 Arunachal Pradesh 202,759 103,430 99,330 4,100
13 Nagaland 285,981 147,111 138,870 8,241
14 Manipur 353,237 182,684 170,553 12,131
15 Mizoram 165,536 83,965 81,571 2,394
16 Tripura 444,055 227,354 216,701 10,653
17 Meghalaya 555,822 282,189 273,633 8,556
18 Assam 4,511,307 2,305,088 2,206,219 98,869
19 West Bengal 10,112,599 5,187,264 4,925,335 261,929
20 Jharkhand 5,237,582 2,695,921 2,541,661 154,260
21 Odisha 5,035,650 2,603,208 2,432,442 170,766
22 Chhattisgarh 3,584,028 1,824,987 1,759,041 65,946
23 Madhya Pradesh 10,548,295 5,516,957 5,031,338 485,619
24 Gujarat 7,564,464 3,974,286 3,519,890 454,396
25 Daman and Diu 25,880 13,556 12,314 1,242
26 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 49,196 25,575 23,621 1,954
27 Maharashtra 12,848,375 6,822,262 6,026,113 796,149
28 Andhra Pradesh 8,642,686 4,448,330 4,194,356 253,974
29 Karnataka 6,855,801 3,527,844 3,327,957 199,887
30 Goa 139,495 72,669 66,826 5,843
31 Lakshadweep 7,088 3,715 3,373 342
32 Kerala 3,322,247 1,695,889 1,626,358 69,531
33 Tamil Nadu 6,894,821 3,542,351 3,352,470 189,881
34 Puducherry 127,610 64,932 62,678 2,254
35 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 39,497 20,094 19,403 691
Total (India) 158,789,287 82,952,135 75,837,152 7,114,983

Population above the age of seven edit

 
Life expectancy map of India, 2011–2016.[83]
Population above the age of seven by state/union territory[82]
State or UT code State or UT Total Male Female
1 Jammu and Kashmir
2 Himachal Pradesh
3 Punjab
4 Chandigarh
5 Uttarakhand
6 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274
7 Delhi 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050
8 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222
9 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002
10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341
11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050
13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025
14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439
15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104
16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464
17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706
18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126
19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012
20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889
21 Odisha 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238
22 Chhattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240
23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307
24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456
25 Daman and Diu 217,031 136,544 80,487
26 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 293,657 167,603 126,054
27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462
28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296
29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005
30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186
31 Lakshadweep 57,341 29,391 27,950
32 Kerala
33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617
34 Puducherry 1,116,854 545,553 571,301
35 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 340,447 182,236 158,211
Total (India) 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022

Literacy rate edit

 
Literacy rate map of India, 2011.[84]
Literacy rate by state/union territory[82]
State or UT code State or UT Overall (%) Male (%) Female (%)
1 Jammu and Kashmir 68.74 76.75 58.01
2 Himachal Pradesh 83.78 90.83 76.60
3 Punjab 86.60 81.48 71.34
4 Chandigarh 86.43 90.54 81.38
5 Uttarakhand 79.63 88.33 70.70
6 Haryana 76.64 85.38 66.77
7 Delhi 86.34 91.03 80.93
8 Rajasthan 67.06 80.51 52.66
9 Uttar Pradesh 69.72 79.24 59.26
10 Bihar 63.82 73.39 53.33
11 Sikkim 82.20 87.29 76.43
12 Arunachal Pradesh 66.95 73.69 59.57
13 Nagaland 80.11 83.29 76.69
14 Manipur 79.85 86.49 73.17
15 Mizoram 91.58 93.72 89.40
16 Tripura 87.75 92.18 83.15
17 Meghalaya 75.48 77.17 73.78
18 Assam 73.18 78.81 67.27
19 West Bengal 77.08 82.67 71.16
20 Jharkhand 67.63 78.45 56.21
21 Odisha 72.90 82.40 64.36
22 Chhattisgarh 71.04 81.45 60.59
23 Madhya Pradesh 70.63 80.53 60.02
24 Gujarat 79.31 87.23 70.73
25 Daman and Diu 87.07 91.48 79.59
26 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 77.65 86.46 65.93
27 Maharashtra 83.20 89.82 75.48
28 Andhra Pradesh[85] 67.35 74.77 59.96
29 Karnataka 75.60 82.85 68.13
30 Goa 87.40 92.81 81.84
31 Lakshadweep 92.28 96.11 88.25
32 Kerala 93.91 96.02 91.98
33 Tamil Nadu 80.33 86.81 73.86
34 Puducherry 86.55 92.12 81.22
35 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 86.27 90.11 81.84
Overall (India) 74.03 82.14 65.46

Linguistic demographics edit

Mother tongue languages of India (2011)

  Hindi (26.6%)
  Bengali (7.94%)
  Marathi (6.84%)
  Telugu (6.68%)
  Tamil (5.69%)
  Gujarati (4.55%)
  Urdu (4.19%)
  Bhojpuri (4.18%)
  Kannada (3.59%)
  Malayalam (2.87%)
  Others (26.87%)

According to the 2001 census, 41.03% of the Indians spoke Hindi natively, while the rest spoke Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Maithili, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and a variety of other languages. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues spoken in India. Of these, 22 languages are specified in the Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution, while 100 are non-specified.

The table below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results.

Languages of India by number of native speakers at the 2001 census[86]
Rank Language Speakers Percentage (%)
1 Hindi[note 1] 422,048,642 41.030
2 Bengali 83,369,769 8.110
3 Telugu 74,002,856 7.190
4 Marathi 71,936,894 6.990
5 Tamil 60,793,814 5.910
6 Urdu 51,536,111 5.010
7 Gujarati 46,091,617 4.480
8 Kannada 37,924,011 3.690
9 Malayalam 33,066,392 3.210
10 Odia 33,017,446 3.210
11 Punjabi 29,102,477 2.830
12 Assamese 13,168,484 1.280
13 Maithili 12,179,122 1.180
14 Bhili/Bhilodi 9,582,957 0.930
15 Santali 6,469,600 0.630
16 Kashmiri 5,527,698 0.540
17 Nepali 2,871,749 0.280
18 Gondi 2,713,790 0.260
19 Sindhi 2,535,485 0.250
20 Konkani 2,489,015 0.240
21 Dogri 2,282,589 0.220
22 Khandeshi 2,075,258 0.200
23 Kurukh 1,751,489 0.170
24 Tulu 1,722,768 0.170
25 Meitei (Manipuri) 1,466,705 0.140
26 Bodo 1,350,478 0.130
27 Khasi – Garo 1,128,575 0.112
28 Mundari 1,061,352 0.105
29 Ho 1,042,724 0.103
30 Tripuri 1,011,294 0.103

Largest cities of India edit

 
 
Largest cities or towns in India
Rank Name State/UT Pop. Rank Name State/UT Pop.
 
Mumbai
 
Delhi
1 Mumbai Maharashtra 12,478,447 11 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 2,920,067  
Bangalore
 
Hyderabad
2 Delhi Delhi 11,007,835 12 Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 2,901,474
3 Bangalore Karnataka 8,425,970 13 Nagpur Maharashtra 2,405,421
4 Hyderabad Telangana 6,809,970 14 Indore Madhya Pradesh 1,960 521
5 Ahmedabad Gujarat 5,570,585 15 Thane Maharashtra 1,818,872
6 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4,681,087 16 Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 1,795,648
7 Kolkata West Bengal 4,486,679 17 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 1,730,320
8 Surat Gujarat 4,462,002 18 Pimpri-Chinchwad Maharashtra 1,729,359
9 Pune Maharashtra 3,115,431 19 Patna Bihar 1,683,200
10 Jaipur Rajasthan 3,073,350 20 Ludhiana Punjab 1,613,878

Vital statistics edit

UN estimates edit

United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2022 revision – India[88]
Year Mid-year population Births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year Crude birth rate
(per 1000)
Crude death rate
(per 1000)
Natural change
(per 1000)
Total Fertility rate Infant mortality (per 1000) Life expectancy
1950 357,021,000 15,651,000 7,942,000 7,709,000 43.8 22.2 21.6 5.73 181.2 41.7
1951 364,922,000 16,042,000 8,171,000 7,871,000 44.0 22.4 21.6 5.77 180.1 41.7
1952 372,997,000 16,458,000 8,293,000 8,165,000 44.1 22.2 21.9 5.82 177.5 42.0
1953 381,228,000 16,857,000 8,442,000 8,415,000 44.2 22.1 22.1 5.87 175.3 42.2
1954 389,731,000 17,247,000 8,414,000 8,833,000 44.2 21.6 22.7 5.91 172.2 43.0
1955 398,578,000 17,549,000 8,468,000 9,081,000 44.0 21.2 22.8 5.91 169.7 43.4
1956 407,657,000 17,844,000 8,533,000 9,310,000 43.8 20.9 22.8 5.91 167.3 43.8
1957 416,935,000 18,128,000 8,618,000 9,510,000 43.5 20.7 22.8 5.91 165.0 44.1
1958 426,296,000 18,370,000 8,673,000 9,696,000 43.1 20.3 22.7 5.90 162.7 44.4
1959 435,900,000 18,593,000 8,688,000 9,905,000 42.6 19.9 22.7 5.89 160.3 44.9
1960 445,955,000 18,958,000 8,756,000 10,201,000 42.5 19.6 22.9 5.92 158.2 45.2
1961 456,352,000 19,301,000 8,874,000 10,427,000 42.3 19.4 22.8 5.94 156.4 45.4
1962 467,024,000 19,663,000 8,969,000 10,693,000 42.1 19.2 22.9 5.95 154.5 45.7
1963 477,934,000 20,031,000 9,064,000 10,966,000 41.9 19.0 22.9 5.97 152.7 45.9
1964 489,059,000 20,407,000 9,177,000 11,230,000 41.7 18.8 23.0 5.98 151.1 46.2
1965 500,114,000 20,679,000 9,824,000 10,855,000 41.3 19.6 21.7 5.94 156.4 45.0
1966 510,993,000 20,913,000 9,886,000 11,027,000 40.9 19.3 21.6 5.88 154.7 45.3
1967 521,987,000 21,193,000 9,963,000 11,231,000 40.6 19.1 21.5 5.83 153.1 45.7
1968 533,432,000 21,454,000 9,486,000 11,968,000 40.2 17.8 22.4 5.76 145.0 47.5
1969 545,315,000 21,704,000 9,551,000 12,154,000 39.8 17.5 22.3 5.68 143.3 47.9
1970 557,501,000 22,043,000 9,606,000 12,437,000 39.5 17.2 22.3 5.62 141.7 48.2
1971 569,999,000 22,483,000 9,658,000 12,825,000 39.4 16.9 22.5 5.57 139.9 48.6
1972 582,838,000 22,835,000 9,702,000 13,133,000 39.2 16.6 22.5 5.48 138.5 49.0
1973 596,107,000 23,230,000 9,701,000 13,529,000 39.0 16.3 22.7 5.40 136.3 49.5
1974 609,722,000 23,559,000 9,628,000 13,931,000 38.6 15.8 22.8 5.33 133.3 50.2
1975 623,524,000 23,660,000 9,592,000 14,068,000 37.9 15.4 22.6 5.20 130.7 50.8
1976 637,451,000 24,021,000 9,572,000 14,449,000 37.7 15.0 22.7 5.13 127.9 51.4
1977 651,686,000 24,042,000 9,555,000 14,487,000 36.9 14.7 22.2 5.01 124.9 51.9
1978 666,268,000 24,243,000 9,520,000 14,723,000 36.4 14.3 22.1 4.89 121.7 52.5
1979 681,248,000 24,699,000 9,515,000 15,184,000 36.3 14.0 22.3 4.81 118.4 53.1
1980 696,828,000 25,235,000 9,530,000 15,705,000 36.2 13.7 22.5 4.78 115.2 53.6
1981 712,869,000 25,683,000 9,532,000 16,151,000 36.0 13.4 22.7 4.70 112.1 54.2
1982 729,169,000 25,964,000 9,512,000 16,452,000 35.6 13.0 22.6 4.62 109.3 54.7
1983 745,827,000 26,329,000 9,487,000 16,842,000 35.3 12.7 22.6 4.57 106.7 55.3
1984 762,890,005 26,777,000 9,471,000 17,307,000 35.1 12.4 22.7 4.52 104.2 55.8
1985 780,242,000 27,001,000 9,444,000 17,558,000 34.6 12.1 22.5 4.43 101.8 56.3
1986 797,879,000 27,522,000 9,434,000 18,088,000 34.5 11.8 22.7 4.40 99.4 56.8
1987 815,716,000 27,478,000 9,400,000 18,077,000 33.7 11.5 22.2 4.31 97.0 57.3
1988 833,730,000 27,654,000 9,369,000 18,286,000 33.2 11.2 21.9 4.22 94.6 57.8
1989 852,013,000 27,733,000 9,335,000 18,398,000 32.5 11.0 21.6 4.13 92.2 58.2
1990 870,452,000 27,692,000 9,306,000 18,386,000 31.8 10.7 21.1 4.05 89.8 58.7
1991 888,942,000 27,937,000 9,295,000 18,642,000 31.4 10.5 21.0 3.96 87.6 59.1
1992 907,574,000 28,057,000 9,285,000 18,772,000 30.9 10.2 20.7 3.88 85.5 59.5
1993 926,351,000 28,055,000 9,283,000 18,772,000 30.3 10.0 20.3 3.80 83.5 59.8
1994 945,262,000 28,207,000 9,270,000 18,937,000 29.8 9.8 20.0 3.72 81.4 60.2
1995 964,279,000 28,314,000 9,269,000 19,044,000 29.4 9.6 19.7 3.65 79.3 60.6
1996 983,281,000 28,305,000 9,262,000 19,043,000 28.8 9.4 19.4 3.58 77.1 61.0
1997 1,002,335,000 28,341,000 9,251,000 19,090,000 28.3 9.2 19.0 3.51 74.8 61.4
1998 1,021,435,000 28,381,000 9,245,000 19,136,000 27.8 9.1 18.7 3.45 72.5 61.8
1999 1,040,500,000 28,365,000 9,235,000 19,130,000 27.3 8.9 18.4 3.38 70.2 62.2
2000 1,059,634,000 28,615,000 9,221,000 19,394,000 27.0 8.7 18.3 3.35 67.8 62.7
2001 1,078,971,000 28,843,000 9,235,000 19,608,000 26.7 8.6 18.2 3.30 65.4 63.1
2002 1,098,313,000 28,648,000 9,186,000 19,462,000 26.1 8.4 17.7 3.22 63.1 63.6
2003 1,117,415,000 28,356,000 9,150,000 19,206,000 25.4 8.2 17.2 3.12 60.8 64.1
2004 1,136,265,000 28,099,000 9,136,000 18,963,000 24.7 8.0 16.7 3.05 58.6 64.5
2005 1,154,639,000 27,646,000 9,096,000 18,550,000 23.9 7.9 16.1 2.96 56.3 65.0
2006 1,172,374,000 27,229,000 9,080,000 18,149,000 23.2 7.7 15.5 2.86 54.1 65.4
2007 1,189,692,000 27,030,000 9,095,000 17,935,000 22.7 7.6 15.1 2.78 51.9 65.8
2008 1,206,735,000 26,890,000 9,123,000 17,767,000 22.3 7.6 14.7 2.72 49.6 66.1
2009 1,223,640,000 26,848,000 9,154,000 17,694,000 21.9 7.5 14.5 2.67 47.4 66.5
2010 1,240,614,000 26,599,000 9,162,000 17,437,000 21.4 7.4 14.1 2.60 45.2 66.9
2011 1,257,621,191 26,342,000 9,139,000 17,203,000 20.9 7.3 13.7 2.54 43.0 67.4
2012 1,274,487,215 26,027,000 9,072,000 16,954,000 20.4 7.1 13.3 2.47 40.8 67.9
2013 1,291,132,063 25,740,000 8,987,000 16,753,000 19.9 7.0 13.0 2.41 38.7 68.5
2014 1,307,246,509 24,899,000 8,876,000 16,023,000 19.0 6.8 12.3 2.31 36.7 69.1
2015 1,322,866,505 24,828,000 8,826,000 16,003,000 18.8 6.7 12.1 2.29 34.7 69.6
2016 1,338,636,340 24,783,000 8,839,000 15,944,000 18.5 6.6 11.9 2.27 32.8 70.1
2017 1,354,195,680 24,254,000 8,928,000 15,326,000 17.9 6.6 11.3 2.20 31.1 70.5
2018 1,369,003,306 24,168,000 9,098,000 15,070,000 17.7 6.6 11.0 2.18 29.4 70.7
2019 1,383,112,050 23,583,000 9,281,000 14,302,000 17.0 6.7 10.3 2.11 27.9 70.9
2020 1,396,387,127 23,139,000 10,262,000 12,876,000 16.6 7.4 9.2 2.05 26.6 70.1
2021 1,407,563,842 23,114,000 13,300,000  9,814,000 16.4 9.4 7.0 2.03 25.5 67.2
2022 1,417,173,173 23,053,156 12,859,429 10,193,727 14.3 9.1 5.2 1.76

Census of India: sample registration system edit

 
Total fertility rate map: average births per woman by states and union territories, 2012[89]
 
Total fertility rate map: average births per woman by districts, 2011
Census of India: sample registration system[90][91][92][93]
Year Average population
Live births1 Deaths1 Natural change Crude birth rate
(per 1000)
Crude death rate
(per 1000)
Natural change
(per 1000)
Total fertility rate
1981 716,493,000 24,289,000 8,956,000 15,333,000 33.9 12.5 21.4 4.52
1982 733,152,000 24,781,000 8,725,000 16,056,000 33.8 11.9 21.9 4.5
1983 750,034,000 25,276,000 8,925,000 16,351,000 33.7 11.9 21.8 4.5
1984 767,147,000 26,006,000 9,666,000 16,340,000 33.9 12.6 21.3 4.5
1985 784,491,000 25,810,000 9,257,000 16,553,000 32.9 11.8 21.1 4.3
1986 802,052,000 26,147,000 8,903,000 17,244,000 32.6 11.1 21.5 4.15
1987 819,800,000 26,316,000 8,936,000 17,380,000 32.1 10.9 21.2 4.1
1988 837,700,000 26,388,000 9,215,000 17,173,000 31.5 11.0 20.5 4.0
1989 855,707,000 26,185,000 8,814,000 17,371,000 30.6 10.3 20.3 3.9
1990 873,785,000 26,388,000 8,476,000 17,912,000 30.2 9.7 20.5 3.8
1991 891,910,000 26,133,000 8,741,000 17,392,000 29.3 9.8 19.5 3.64
1992 910,065,000 26,392,000 9,192,000 17,200,000 29.0 10.1 18.9 3.6
1993 928,226,000 26,640,000 8,633,000 18,007,000 0 9.3 19.4 3.5
1994 946,373,000 27,161,000 8,801,000 18,360,000 28.7 9.3 19.4 3.5
1995 964,486,000 27,295,000 8,680,000 18,615,000 28.3 9.0 19.3 3.5
1996 982,553,000 26,824,000 8,745,000 18,079,000 27.3 8.9 18.4 3.40
1997 1,000,558,000 27,215,000 8,905,000 18,310,000 27.2 8.9 18.3 3.3
1998 1,018,471,000 26,989,000 9,166,000 17,823,000 26.5 9.0 17.5 3.2
1999 1,036,259,000 26,943,000 9,015,000 17,928,000 26.0 8.7 17.3 3.2
2000 1,053,898,000 27,191,000 8,958,000 18,233,000 25.8 8.5 17.3 3.2
2001 1,071,374,000 27,213,000 9,000,000 18,213,000 25.4 8.4 17.0 3.10
2002 1,088,694,000 27,217,000 8,818,000 18,399,000 25.0 8.1 16.9 3.0
2003 1,105,886,000 27,426,000 8,847,000 18,579,000 24.8 8.0 16.8 3.0
2004 1,122,991,000 27,064,000 8,422,000 18,642,000 24.1 7.5 16.6 2.9
2005 1,140,043,000 27,133,000 8,664,000 18,469,000 23.8 7.6 16.2 2.9
2006 1,157,039,000 27,190,000 8,678,000 18,512,000 23.5 7.5 16.0 2.79
2007 1,134,024,000 26,195,954 8,391,778 17,804,176 23.1 7.4 15.7 2.7
2008 1,150,196,000 26,224,469 8,511,450 17,713,019 22.8 7.4 15.4 2.6
2009 1,166,228,000 26,240,130 8,513,464 17,726,666 22.5 7.3 15.2 2.6
2010 1,182,108,000 26,124,587 8,511,178 17,613,409 22.1 7.2 14.9 2.5
2011 1,197,658,000 26,108,944 8,503,372 17,605,572 21.8 7.1 14.7 2.44
2012 1,212,827,000 26,197,063 8,489,789 17,707,274 21.6 7.0 14.6 2.38
2013 1,227,012,000 26,258,057 8,589,084 17,668,973 21.4 7.0 14.4 2.34
2014 1,243,542,000 25,904,377 8,264,730 17,639,647 21.0 6.7 14.3 2.32
2015 1,259,108,000 26,189,446 8,184,202 18,005,244 20.8 6.5 14.3 2.27
2016 1,273,986,000 25,989,314 8,153,510 17,835,804 20.4 6.4 14.0 2.26
2017[94] 1,288,522,000 26,028,144 8,117,689 17,910,455 20.2 6.3 13.9 2.18
2018 1,324,609,000 26,492,180 8,212,576 18,279,604 20.0 6.2 13.8 2.15
2019 1,338,995,000 24,820,886 7,641,076 17,179,810 18.5 5.7 12.8 2.08[95]
2020 1,353,378,000 24,222,444 8,115,882 16,106,562 17.9 6.0 11.9 2.00
1 The numbers of births and deaths were calculated from the birth and death rates and the average population.

Life expectancy edit

 
Life expectancy in India since 1881
 
Life expectancy in India since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 36.6
1955–1960 39.7
1960–1965 42.7
1965–1970 46.0
1970–1975 49.4
1975–1980 52.5
1980–1985 54.9
1985–1990 56.7
1990–1995 59.1
1995–2000 61.5
2000–2005 63.5
2005–2010 65.6
2010–2015 67.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects[96]

Structure of the population edit

Structure of the population (Census 9.II.2011)

Population by age group
Age group Male Female Total Percentage (%) Cumulative Percentage
0–4 58,632,074 54,174,704 112,806,778 9.32 9.32
5–9 66,300,466 60,627,660 126,928,126 10.48 19.8
10–14 69,418,835 63,290,377 132,709,212 10.96 30.76
15–19 63,982,396 56,544,053 120,526,449 9.95 40.71
20–24 57,584,693 53,839,529 111,424,222 9.20 49.91
25–29 51,344,208 50,069,757 101,413,965 8.38 58.29
30–34 44,660,674 43,934,277 88,594,951 7.32 65.61
35–39 42,919,381 42,221,303 85,140,684 7.03 72.64
40–44 37,545,386 34,892,726 72,438,112 5.98 78.62
45–49 32,138,114 30,180,213 62,318,327 5.15 83.77
50–54 25,843,266 23,225,988 49,069,254 4.05 87.82
55–59 19,456,012 19,690,043 39,146,055 3.23 91.05
60–64 18,701,749 18,961,958 37,663,707 3.11 94.16
65–69 12,944,326 13,510,657 26,454,983 2.18 96.34
70–74 9,651,499 9,557,343 19,208,842 1.59 97.93
75–79 4,490,603 4,741,900 9,232,503 0.76 98.69
80–84 2,927,040 3,293,189 6,220,229 0.51 99.2
85–89 1,120,106 1,263,061 2,383,167 0.20 99.4
90–94 652,465 794,069 1,446,534 0.12 99.52
95–99 294,759 338,538 633,297 0.05 99.57
100+ 289,325 316,453 605,778 0.05 99.62
Unknown 2,372,881 2,116,921 4,489,802 0.37 99.99
Total 623,270,258 587,584,719 1,210,854,977 100.00
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 194,351,375 178,092,741 372,444,116 30.76
15–64 394,175,879 373,559,847 767,735,726 63.40
65+ 32,370,123 33,815,210 66,185,333 5.47

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (03.III.2016) (Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census.):[97]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 664,184,000 626,890,000 1,291,074,000 100
0–4 62,872,000 56,038,000 118,910,000 9.21
5–9 61,499,000 56,969,000 118,468,000 9.18
10–14 65,142,000 59,682,000 124,824,000 9.67
15–19 67,223,000 60,871,000 128,094,000 9.92
20–24 63,521,000 57,356,000 120,877,000 9.36
25–29 57,272,000 53,357,000 110,629,000 8.57
30–34 50,782,000 49,250,000 100,032,000 7.75
35–39 45,318,000 44,787,000 90,105,000 6.98
40–44 41,280,000 40,497,000 81,777,000 6.33
45–49 36,602,000 35,107,000 71,709,000 5.55
50–54 30,738,000 29,016,000 59,754,000 4.63
55–59 24,403,000 23,307,000 47,710,000 3.70
60–64 19,133,000 19,288,000 38,421,000 2.98
65–69 15,198,000 16,114,000 31,312,000 2.43
70–74 11,002,000 11,723,000 22,725,000 1.76
75–79 7,703,000 8,367,000 16,070,000 1.24
80+ 4,496,000 5,161,000 9,657,000 0.75
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 189,513,000 172,689,000 362,202,000 28.05
15–64 436,272,000 412,836,000 849,108,000 65.77
65+ 38,399,000 41,365,000 79,764,000 6.18

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.III.2021) (Includes data for the Indian-held part of Jammu and Kashmir, the final status of which has not yet been determined. Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census.): [98]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 700 623 000 662 383 000 1 363 006 000 100
0–4 60 153 000 54 120 000 114 273 000 8.38
5–9 62 276 000 55 390 000 117 666 000 8.63
10–14 61 266 000 56 785 000 118 051 000 8.66
15–19 64 862 000 59 420 000 124 282 000 9.12
20–24 66 770 000 60 474 000 127 244 000 9.34
25–29 62 944 000 56 956 000 119 900 000 8.80
30–34 56 614 000 52 961 000 109 575 000 8.04
35–39 50 027 000 48 836 000 98 863 000 7.25
40–44 44 450 000 44 315 000 88 765 000 6.51
45–49 40 204 000 39 903 000 80 107 000 5.88
50–54 35 235 000 34 331 000 69 566 000 5.10
55–59 29 082 000 28 062 000 57 144 000 4.19
60–64 22 465 000 22 079 000 44 544 000 3.27
65-69 16 823 000 17 583 000 34 406 000 2.52
70-74 12 546 000 13 904 000 26 450 000 1.94
75-79 8 269 000 9 294 000 17 563 000 1.29
80+ 6 637 000 7 970 000 14 607 000 1.07
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 183 695 000 166 295 000 349 990 000 25.68
15–64 472 653 000 447 337 000 919 990 000 67.50
65+ 44 275 000 48 751 000 93 026 000 6.83

Fertility rate edit

From the Demographic Health Survey:[99]

 
TFR of India to 2016
Crude birth rate and total fertility rate (wanted fertility rate)
Year CBR – Total TFR – Total1 CBR – Urban TFR – Urban1 CBR – Rural TFR – Rural1
1992–1993 28.7 3.39 (2.64) 24.1 2.70 (2.09) 30.4 3.67 (2.86)
1998–1999 24.8 2.85 (2.13) 20.9 2.27 (1.73) 26.2 3.07 (2.28)
2005–2006 23.1 2.68 (1.90) 18.8 2.06 (1.60) 25.0 2.98 (2.10)
2015–2016 19.0 2.18 (1.8) 15.8 1.75 (1.5) 20.7 2.41 (1.9)
2019–2021 17.1 1.99 (1.6) 14.0 1.63 (1.4) 18.6 2.14 (1.7)
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate.
Total fertility rate (wanted fertility rate) by religion
Year Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Buddhist/Neo-Buddhist Jain Other
2019–2021 1.94 (1.6) 2.36 (1.8) 1.88 (1.7) 1.61 (1.4) 1.39 (1.2) 1.60 (1.5) 2.15 (1.7)
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate.
Crude birth rate and total fertility rate (wanted fertility rate) 2015–2016
State (Population 2011) CBR – Total TFR – Total1 CBR – Urban TFR – Urban1 CBR – Rural TFR – Rural1
Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) 22.6 2.74 (2.06) 18.6 2.08 (1.62) 24.0 2.99 (2.22)
Maharashtra (112 374 333) 16.6 1.87 (1.57) 15.5 1.68 (1.41) 17.5 2.06 (1.73)
Bihar (104 099 452) 27.1 3.41 (2.48) 20.4 2.42 (1.83) 28.0 3.56 (2.58)
West Bengal (91 276 115) 16.6 1.77 (1.53) 14.0 1.57 (1.38) 18.0 1.85 (1.58)
Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) 20.2 2.32 (1.82) 17.7 1.95 (1.61) 21.3 2.48 (1.91)
Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) 15.5 1.70 (1.51) 13.9 1.54 (1.38) 17.2 1.86 (1.63)
Rajasthan (68 548 437) 20.8 2.40 (1.81) 17.5 1.94 (1.52) 22.0 2.56 (1.91)
Karnataka (61 095 297) 15.9 1.81 (1.42) 15.2 1.65 (1.30) 16.5 1.92 (1.50)
Gujarat (60 439 692) 16.7 2.03 (1.54) 15.3 1.82 (1.39) 17.9 2.19 (1.64)
Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) 16.1 1.83 (1.64) 13.9 1.53 (1.39) 17.0 1.96 (1.75)
Odisha (41 974 218) 18.1 2.05 (1.69) 15.6 1.73 (1.50) 18.7 2.12 (1.72)
Telangana (35 193 978) 17.1 1.79 (1.59) 17.1 1.67 (1.53) 17.2 1.88 (1.64)
Kerala (33 406 061) 11.2 1.56 (1.47) 11.4 1.57 (1.47) 11.0 1.55 (1.46)
Jharkhand (32 988 134) 21.7 2.55 (2.06) 16.3 1.78 (1.47) 23.5 2.83 (2.27)
Assam (31 205 576) 19.5 2.21 (1.78) 13.2 1.45 (1.25) 20.5 2.34 (1.87)
Punjab (27 743 338) 13.8 1.62 (1.37) 13.5 1.59 (1.32) 14.0 1.63 (1.39)
Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) 20.7 2.23 (1.88) 17.9 1.78 (1.58) 21.5 2.37 (1.97)
Haryana (25 351 462) 18.7 2.05 (1.63) 16.3 1.78 (1.44) 20.2 2.22 (1.75)
Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) 17.7 2.01 (1.67) 13.9 1.58 (1.39) 19.4 2.18 (1.77)
Uttarakhand (10 086 292) 19.0 2.07 (1.60) 17.1 1.80 (1.43) 20.0 2.24 (1.71)
Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) 15.3 1.88 (1.55) 12.0 1.43 (1.15) 15.7 1.92 (1.59)
Tripura (3 673 917) 15.3 1.69 (1.55) 12.7 1.40 (1.34) 16.4 1.80 (1.62)
Meghalaya (2 966 889) 24.6 3.04 (2.79) 16.1 1.67 (1.57) 26.7 3.47 (3.18)
Manipur (2 855 794) 21.2 2.61 (2.33) 17.5 2.14 (1.96) 23.7 2.92 (2.57)
Nagaland (1 978 502) 21.4 2.74 (2.35) 16.3 1.78 (1.58) 24.1 3.38 (2.86)
Goa (1 458 545) 12.8 1.66 (1.37) 13.4 1.72 (1.37) 11.7 1.55 (1.37)
Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) 17.9 2.12 (1.64) 17.0 1.69 (1.26) 18.2 2.29 (1.79)
Mizoram (1 097 206) 18.7 2.26 (2.15) 16.9 1.97 (1.89) 21.2 2.71 (2.54)
Sikkim (610 577) 11.4 1.17 (0.88) 12.1 1.11 (0.82) 11.1 1.21 (0.91)
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate.
Crude birth rate and total fertility rate (wanted fertility rate) 2019–2021[100]
State (Population 2011) CBR – Total TFR – Total1 CBR – Urban TFR – Urban1 CBR – Rural TFR – Rural1
Uttar Pradesh (199 812 341) 20.5 2.35 (1.77) 16.7 1.88 (1.49) 21.8 2.50 (1.86)
Maharashtra (112 374 333) 13.8 1.71 (1.43) 12.6 1.50 (1.27) 15.0 1.89 (1.58)
Bihar (104 099 452) 25.9 2.98 (2.25) 20.4 2.35 (1.88) 27.0 3.11 (2.31)
West Bengal (91 276 115) 15.5 1.64 (1.42) 12.4 1.39 (1.24) 17.0 1.73 (1.48)
Madhya Pradesh (72 626 809) 17.2 1.99 (1.61) 13.7 1.61 (1.34) 18.5 2.12 (1.69)
Tamil Nadu (72 147 030) 13.7 1.76 (1.59) 12.7 1.61 (1.50) 14.6 1.89 (1.66)
Rajasthan (68 548 437) 18.7 2.01 (1.61) 15.3 1.67 (1.42) 19.8 2.11 (1.65)
Karnataka (61 095 297) 14.2 1.67 (1.38) 13.2 1.50 (1.25) 14.9 1.79 (1.46)
Gujarat (60 439 692) 15.0 1.86 (1.53) 13.3 1.65 (1.39) 16.3 2.0 (1.60)
Andhra Pradesh (49 386 799) 13.8 1.68 (1.55) 12.5 1.47 (1.36) 14.3 1.78 (1.64)
Odisha (41 974 218) 15.9 1.82 (1.52) 13.1 1.48 (1.26) 16.5 1.89 (1.57)
Telangana (35 193 978) 15.3 1.75 (1.55) 16.0 1.75 (1.57) 15.3 1.74 (1.54)
Kerala (33 406 061) 11.8 1.79 (1.68) 11.9 1.82 (1.71) 11.6 1.76 (1.65)
Jharkhand (32 988 134) 20.2 2.26 (1.87) 14.2 1.56 (1.32) 22.0 2.48 (2.04)
Assam (31 205 576) 16.8 1.87 (1.56) 13.1 1.50 (1.37) 17.4 1.93 (1.59)
Punjab (27 743 338) 13.3 1.63 (1.35) 12.1 1.55 (1.29) 14.0 1.68 (1.38)
Chhattisgarh (25 545 198) 16.4 1.82 (1.57) 13.6 1.42 (1.28) 17.2 1.94 (1.66)
Haryana (25 351 462) 16.4 1.91 (1.54) 14.1 1.65 (1.38) 17.5 2.04 (1.62)
Jammu and Kashmir (12 541 302) 13.1 1.41 (1.3)
Uttarakhand (10 086 292) 16.7 1.85 (1.46) 16.8 1.84 (1.47) 16.6 1.86 (1.47)
Himachal Pradesh (6 864 602) 12.7 1.66 (1.43) 11.2 1.43 (1.36) 12.9 1.69 (1.44)
Tripura (3 673 917) 14.5 1.70 (1.49) 11.0 1.39 (1.29) 15.8 1.81 (1.56)
Meghalaya (2 966 889) 24.2 2.91 (2.66) 14.8 1.57 (1.43) 26.5 3.31 (3.04)
Manipur (2 855 794) 17.4 2.17 (1.98) 14.7 1.84 (1.73) 19.1 2.38 (2.13)
Nagaland (1 978 502) 15.4 1.72 (1.57) 12.5 1.21 (1.13) 16.8 2.00 (1.82)
Goa (1 458 545) 10.3 1.30 (1.21) 10.3 1.26 (1.19) 10.3 1.36 (1.24)
Arunachal Pradesh (1 383 727) 16.0 1.80 (1.49) 14.8 1.44 (1.24) 16.2 1.88 (1.54)
Mizoram (1 097 206) 15.0 1.87 (1.78) 13.9 1.63 (1.56) 16.4 2.19 (2.08)
Sikkim (610 577) 10.2 1.05 (0.85) 7.8 0.71 (0.54) 11.7 1.32 (1.11)
Delhi 14.8 1.62 (1.29) 14.6 1.60 (1.27) 23.4 2.47 (2.06)
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman). 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate.

Regional vital statistics edit

Birth rate, death rate, natural growth rate, and infant mortality rate, by state or UT(2010)[101]
State or UT Birth rate Death rate Natural growth rate Infant mortality rate
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 15.6 15.5 15.8 4.3 4.8 3.3 11.3 10.7 12.6 25 29 18
Andhra Pradesh 17.9 18.3 16.7 7.6 8.6 5.4 10.2 9.7 11.3 46 51 33
Arunachal Pradesh 20.5 22.1 14.6 5.9 6.9 2.3 14.6 15.2 12.3 31 34 12
Assam 23.2 24.4 15.8 8.2 8.6 5.8 14.9 15.8 10.1 58 60 36
Bihar 28.1 28.8 22.0 6.8 7.0 5.6 21.3 21.8 16.4 48 49 38
Chandigarh 15.6 21.6 15.0 3.9 3.7 3.9 11.6 17.9 11.0 22 20 23
Chhattisgarh 25.3 26.8 18.6 8.0 8.4 6.2 17.3 18.4 12.4 51 52 44
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 26.6 26.0 28.6 4.7 5.1 3.3 21.9 20.9 25.3 38 43 22
Daman and Diu 18.8 19.1 18.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 13.9 14.2 13.6 23 19 29
Delhi 17.8 19.7 17.5 4.2 4.6 4.1 13.6 15.0 13.4 30 37 29
Goa 13.2 12.6 13.7 6.6 8.1 5.7 6.6 4.5 8.0 10 10 10
Gujarat 21.8 23.3 19.4 6.7 7.5 5.5 15.1 15.8 14.0 44 51 30
Haryana 22.3 23.3 19.8 6.6 7.0 5.6 15.7 16.3 14.3 48 51 38
Himachal Pradesh 16.9 17.5 11.5 6.9 7.2 4.2 10.0 10.3 7.3 40 41 29
Jammu and Kashmir 18.3 19.5 13.5 5.7 5.9 4.7 12.6 13.6 8.8 43 45 32
Jharkhand 25.3 26.7 19.3 7.0 7.4 5.4 18.3 19.3 13.9 42 44 30
Karnataka 19.2 20.2 17.5 7.1 8.1 5.4 12.1 12.1 12.1 38 43 28
Kerala 14.8 14.8 14.8 7.0 7.1 6.7 7.8 7.7 8.1 13 14 10
Lakshadweep 14.3 15.5 13.2 6.4 6.1 6.7 8.0 9.5 6.5 25 23 27
Madhya Pradesh 27.3 29.2 20.5 8.3 9.0 6.0 18.9 20.2 14.5 62 67 42
Maharashtra 17.1 17.6 16.4 6.5 7.5 5.3 10.6 10.2 11.1 28 34 20
Manipur 14.9 14.8 15.3 4.2 4.3 4.0 10.7 10.5 11.3 14 15 9
Meghalaya 24.5 26.6 14.8 7.9 8.4 5.6 16.6 18.2 9.2 55 58 37
Mizoram 17.1 21.1 13.0 4.5 5.4 3.7 12.5 15.7 9.3 37 47 21
Nagaland 16.8 17.0 16.0 3.6 3.7 3.3 13.2 13.3 12.7 23 24 20
Odisha 20.5 21.4 15.2 8.6 9.0 6.6 11.9 12.4 8.6 61 63 43
Puducherry 16.7 16.7 16.7 7.4 8.2 7.0 9.3 8.5 9.6 22 25 21
Punjab 16.6 17.2 15.6 7.0 7.7 5.8 9.6 9.5 9.8 34 37 28
Rajasthan 26.7 27.9 22.9 6.7 6.9 6.0 20.0 20.9 16.9 55 61 31
Sikkim 17.8 18.1 16.1 5.6 5.9 3.8 12.3 12.3 12.3 30 31 19
Tamil Nadu 15.9 16.0 15.8 7.6 8.2 6.9 8.3 7.8 8.9 24 25 22
Tripura 14.9 15.6 11.5 5.0 4.8 5.7 9.9 10.8 5.8 27 29 19
Uttar Pradesh 28.3 29.2 24.2 8.1 8.5 6.3 20.2 20.7 17.9 61 64 44
Uttarakhand 19.3 20.2 16.2 6.3 6.7 5.1 13.0 13.5 11.1 38 41 25
West Bengal 16.8 18.6 11.9 6.0 6.0 6.3 10.7 12.6 5.6 31 32 25

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics edit

 
Map showing the population density in India, per 2011 Census.[102]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total population

1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA),[103] 1,210 million (2011 census),[104] 1,389,637,446 (May 2022 est.)[105]

Rural population:

62.2%; male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755

Age structure:

0–14 years: 27.34% (male 186,087,665/female 164,398,204)
15–24 years: 17.9% (male 121,879,786/female 107,583,437)
25–54 years: 41.08% (male 271,744,709/female 254,834,569)
55–64 years: 7.45% (male 47,846,122/female 47,632,532)
65+ years: 6.24% (male 37,837,801/female 42,091,086) (2017 est.)

Median age:

Total: 28.7 years

Male: 28 years

female: 29.5 years (2020 est.)[106]

Population growth rate :

0.67% (2022 est)[107]

Literacy rate

74% (age 7 and above, in 2011)[108]
81.4% (total population, age 15–25, in 2006)[109]

Per cent of population below poverty line:

22% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7.8%

Net migration rate:

0.00 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)[106]

Sex ratio:

At birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
Under 10 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
24–64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

Total population: 69.7 years
Male: 68.4 years
Female: 71.2 years (2020 est.)[106]

Total fertility rate:

2.35 (2020 est.)[106][110][111]

The TFR (total number of children born per women) by religion in 2005–2006 was: Hindus, 2.7; Muslims, 3.1; Christians, 2.4; and Sikhs, 2.0.[112]

Religious Composition:

Hindus 79.5%, Muslims 15%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)[106][113][114][115][116]

Scheduled castes and tribes:

Scheduled castes: 16.6% (2011 census);[117][118] scheduled tribes: 8.6% (2011 census)

Languages

See Languages of India and List of languages by number of native speakers in India. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million, and the second largest is Bengali with 238 million. 22 languages are recognised as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.[119][120]

Caste/Tribe edit

Caste and community statistics as recorded from "Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission" (SEBC) or Mandal Commission of 1979. This was completed in 1983.

India has chosen not to officially count caste population since then.

The following data are from the Mandal report:[citation needed]

Caste/Tribe demographics (1983)
Caste/Tribe population percentage notes
Total population 731,000,000 100% *Margin of error 0.34%
Scheduled castes and tribes 164,913,600 22.56%
Scheduled castes 110,015,500 15.05%
Scheduled tribes 54,898,100 7.51%
Non OBC/SC/ST Hindu castes/communities 128,509,800 17.58%
Brahmin (including Bhumihar) 40,351,200 5.52%
Kshtriya (Rajput) 28,509,000 3.90%
Maratha 16,155,100 2.21%
Jats 7,310,000 1%
Vaishya, Bania, etc. 13,742,800 1.88%
Kayasthas 7,821,700 1.07%
Others 14,620,000 2%
Non-Hindu communities and groups 121,346,000 16.6% Non-Hindu scheduled and OBC
Muslim (Non S.T) 81,798,900 11.19% 0.02%
Christian (Non S.T) 15,789,600 2.16% 0.44%
Sikh (Non scheduled) 12,207,700 1.67% 0.22%
Buddhist (Non S.T) 4,897,700 0.67% 0.03%
Jain (Non scheduled) 3,435,700 0.47%
Other backward classes and communities (OBC) 380,120,000 52% *OBC is a derived figure
Hindu OBC 318,716,000 43.60%
Non-Hindu OBC 61,404,000 8.40% *52% of Non-Hindus

Ethnic groups edit

The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India,[121] but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India).

According to a 2009 study published by Reich et al.., the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent and heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times (about 1,200–3,500 BP), known as Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI). ASI corresponds to the Dravidian-speaking population of southern India, whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo-Aryan-speaking population of northern India.[122][123] 700,000 people from the United States of any race live in India.[18] Between 300,000 and 1 million Anglo-Indians live in India.[124]

For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighbouring countries) see South Asian ethnic groups.

Linguistic groups in India chart[125][126]

  Indo-Aryan (75%)
  Dravidian (20%)
  Kolarian, Tibeto-Burman, Khasi, Tai and others (5%)

Genetics edit

Y-chromosome DNA edit

[127]

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarised as follows where haplogroups R-M420, H, R2, L and NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total chromosomes.[128]

  • H ~ 30%
  • R1a ~ 34%
  • R2 ~ 15%
  • L ~ 10%
  • NOP ~ 10% (Excluding R)
  • Other Haplogroups 15%

Mitochondrial DNA edit

[129]

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of Haplogroup M[130]

Autosomal DNA edit

 
Tripuri children preparing for a dance performance. The Tripuris are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group.

Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to seek insights into India's demographic and cultural diversity. These studies paint a complex and conflicting picture.

  • In a 2003 study, Basu, Majumder et al. have concluded on the basis of results obtained from mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal markers that "(1) there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India, indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small; (2) the tribal and the caste populations are highly differentiated; (3) the Austroasiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others; (4) a major wave of humans entered India through the northeast; (5) the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austroasiatic tribals, supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China, but the two groups of tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes; (6) the Dravidian speaking populations were possibly widespread throughout India but are regulated to South India now; (7) formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations; (8) the upper castes show closer genetic affinities with Central Asian populations, although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern India; (9) historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or sociocultural affinities."[131]
  • In a later 2010 review article, Majumder affirms some of these conclusions, introduces and revises some other. The ongoing studies, concludes Majumder, suggest India has served as the major early corridor for geographical dispersal of modern humans from out-of-Africa. The archaeological and genetic traces of the earliest settlers in India has not provided any conclusive evidence. The tribal populations of India are older than the non-tribal populations. The autosomal differentiation and genetic diversity within India's caste populations at 0.04 is significantly lower than 0.14 for continental populations and 0.09 for 31 world population sets studied by Watkins et al., suggesting that while tribal populations were differentiated, the differentiation effects within India's caste population was less than previously thought. Majumder also concludes that recent studies suggest India has been a major contributor to the gene pool of southeast Asia.[132][133]
  • Another study covering a large sample of Indian populations allowed Watkins et al. to examine eight Indian caste groups and four endogamous south Indian tribal populations. The Indian castes data show low between-group differences, while the tribal Indian groups show relatively high between-group differentiation. This suggests that people between Indian castes were not reproductively isolated, while Indian tribal populations experienced reproductive isolation and drift. Furthermore, the genetic fixation index data show historical genetic differentiation and segregation between Indian castes population is much smaller than those found in east Asia, Africa and other continental populations; while being similar to the genetic differentiation and segregation observed in European populations.[133]
  • In 2006, Sahoo et al. reported their analysis of genomic data on 936 Y-chromosomes representing 32 tribal and 45 caste groups from different regions of India. These scientists find that the haplogroup frequency distribution across the country, between different caste groups, was found to be predominantly driven by geographical, rather than cultural determinants. They conclude there is clear evidence for both large-scale immigration into ancient India of Sino-Tibetan speakers and language change of former Austroasiatic speakers, in the northeast Indian region.[134][135]
  • The genome studies conducted up until 2010 have been on relatively small population sets. Many are from just one southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana, which was part of the state until June 2014). Thus, any conclusions on demographic history of India must be interpreted with caution. A larger national genome study with demographic growth and sex ratio balances may offer further insights on the extent of genetic differentiation and segregation in India over the millenniums.[132]

Charts edit

See also edit

Government edit

Lists edit

Notes edit

References edit

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  15. ^ "India's population growth will come to an end: the number of children has already peaked". Our World in Data. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
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  17. ^ SIL International. "Ethnologue report for Language Isolate". Retrieved 11 October 2007.
  18. ^ a b . 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020.
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Bibliography edit

  • Arnold, David. Pandemic India: From Cholera to Covid-19 (Oxford University Press, 2022) online review
  • Chakravorty, Swastika, Srinivas Goli, and Kuriath S. James. "Family demography in India: Emerging patterns and its challenges." Sage Open 11.2 (2021): 21582440211008178. online
  • Chamie, Joseph; Mirkin, Barry (August 2017), Busting at the seams: India is unprepared for a near future when it will be the world's most populous country. Joseph Chamie is former director of the United Nations Population Division and Barry Mirkin is former chief of the Population Policy Section of the United Nations Population Division.
  • Chandrasekhar, S., and Ajay Sharma. "Urbanization and spatial patterns of internal migration in India." Spatial demography 3.2 (2015): 63-89. online
  • Sekher, T. V. "Rural demography of India." in International handbook of rural demography (Springer, Dordrecht, 2012) pp. 169-189.
  • Smith, Robert D., and Mohandas K. Mallath. "History of the growing burden of cancer in India: from antiquity to the 21st century." Journal of Global Oncology 5 (2019): 1-15. online
Medieval India
  • Lal, K. S. (1978). Growth of Muslim population in medieval India (A.D. 1000–1800). Delhi, Research Publications.
  • Lal, K. S. (1995). Growth of scheduled tribes and castes in medieval India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

External links edit

  • Census of India; government site with detailed data from 2001 census
  • Population of India as per Census India 2011
  • ; generates maps based on 2001 census figures
  • Demographic data for India; provides sources of demographic data for India
  • 2001 maps; provides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001
  • Population of India 2011 map; distribution of population amongst states and union territories
  • India's Demographic Outlook: Implications and Trends
  • "World Population Prospects": Country Profile – India
  • India comparing with China population projection graph Based on data from database of UN Population Division.

demographics, india, this, article, about, people, from, republic, india, other, uses, indian, india, most, populous, country, world, with, sixth, world, population, according, estimates, india, overtaken, china, having, largest, population, world, with, popul. This article is about the people from the republic of India For other uses see Indian India is the most populous country in the world with one sixth of the world s population According to the UN estimates India has overtaken China in having the largest population in the world with population of 1 425 775 850 at the end of April 2023 5 6 Demographics of IndiaIndia population pyramid in 2020Population1 425 775 850 1 2023 est Density473 42 people per km2 2021 est 2 Growth rate0 68 2022 est 2 Birth rate16 1 births 1 000 population 2023 est 2 Death rate6 6 deaths 1 000 population 2023 est 2 Life expectancy72 0 years 2023 est 2 male70 5 years 2023 est female73 6 years 2023 est Fertility rate2 00 children born per woman 2023 2 Infant mortality rate29 94 deaths 1 000 live births 2018 3 Age structure0 14 years25 68 male 183 695 000 female 166 295 000 2021 est 15 64 years67 49 male 472 653 000 female 447 337 000 2021 est 65 and over6 83 male 44 275 000 female 48 751 000 2021 est Sex ratioTotal1 06 male s female 2023 4 At birth1 1 male s female 2023 4 Under 151 11 male s female 2023 4 15 64 years1 07 male s female 2023 est 65 and over0 85 male s female 2023 4 NationalityMajor ethnicSee Ethnic groups of IndiaLanguageOfficialSee Languages of IndiaSpokenHindi 43 6 Bengali 8 Marathi 6 9 Telugu 6 8 Tamil 6 7 Gujarati 4 6 Urdu 4 2 Kannada 3 6 Odia 3 1 Malayalam 2 9 Punjabi 2 7 Assamese 1 3 Maithili 1 1 other 5 6 2011 4 Between 1975 and 2010 the population doubled to 1 2 billion reaching the billion mark in 2000 India overtook China to become the most populous country at the end of April 2023 7 As of the UN data released in April 2023 8 India has surpassed China to become the world s most populous nation According to the UN s World Population dashboard India s population now stands at slightly over 1 428 billion edging past China s population of 1 425 billion people as reported by the news agency Bloomberg 9 its population is set to reach 1 7 billion by 2050 10 11 In 2017 its population growth rate was 0 98 ranking 112th in the world in contrast from 1972 to 1983 India s population grew by an annual rate of 2 3 12 In 2022 the median age of an Indian was 28 7 years 13 compared to 38 4 for China and 48 6 for Japan and by 2030 India s dependency ratio will be just over 0 4 14 However the number of children in India peaked more than a decade ago and is now falling The number of children under the age of five peaked in 2007 and since then the number has been falling The number of Indians under 15 years old peaked slightly later in 2011 and is now also declining 15 India has more than two thousand ethnic groups 16 and every major religion is represented as are four major families of languages Indo European Dravidian Austroasiatic and Sino Tibetan languages as well as two language isolates the Nihali language 17 spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir 1 000 000 people in India are Anglo Indians and 700 000 United States citizens are living in India 18 They represent over 0 1 of the total population of India Overall only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India 19 The sex ratio was 944 females for 1000 males in 2016 and 940 per 1000 in 2011 20 This ratio has been showing an upwards trend for the last two decades after a continuous decline in the 20th century 21 Contents 1 History 1 1 Prehistory to early 19th century 1 2 Late 19th century to early 20th century 2 Salient features 2 1 Comparative demographics 2 2 List of states and union territories by demographics 2 3 Religious demographics 2 4 Neonatal and infant demographics 2 5 Population within the age group of 0 6 2 6 Population above the age of seven 2 7 Literacy rate 2 8 Linguistic demographics 3 Largest cities of India 4 Vital statistics 4 1 UN estimates 4 2 Census of India sample registration system 4 3 Life expectancy 4 4 Structure of the population 4 5 Fertility rate 4 6 Regional vital statistics 5 CIA World Factbook demographic statistics 6 Caste Tribe 7 Ethnic groups 8 Genetics 8 1 Y chromosome DNA 8 2 Mitochondrial DNA 8 3 Autosomal DNA 9 Charts 10 See also 10 1 Government 10 2 Lists 11 Notes 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 External linksHistory editSee also Economic history of India nbsp Historical population of India and China since 1100 with projection to 2100Prehistory to early 19th century edit See also Estimates of historical world population The following table lists estimates for the population of India including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh from prehistory up until 1820 It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates 22 23 Year Maddison 2001 24 Clark 1967 25 26 27 Biraben 1979 26 28 29 Durand 1974 30 26 McEvedy 1978 31 26 Aggregate average Period Average growth centuryPopulation growth century Population growth century Population growth century Population growth century Population growth century Population growth century10 000 BC 100 000 100 000 Stone Age 3 94000 BC 1 000 000 3 9 1 000 000 3 92000 BC 6 000 000 9 4 6 000 000 9 4 Bronze Age 9 4500 BC 25 000 000 10 25 000 000 10 Iron Age 10 2400 BC 30 000 000 26 600 000 6 3 28 300 000 13 2200 BC 55 000 000 35 4 30 000 000 6 3 42 500 000 22 5 Maurya era 22 51 AD 75 000 000 70 000 000 46 000 000 9 3 75 000 000 34 000 000 6 5 60 000 000 18 8 Classical era 5 3200 75 000 000 0 72 500 000 1 7 45 000 000 1 1 75 000 000 0 39 000 000 7 1 61 300 000 1 1400 75 000 000 0 75 000 000 1 7 32 000 000 18 6 75 000 000 0 45 000 000 7 4 60 400 000 0 7500 75 000 000 0 75 000 000 0 33 000 000 3 1 75 000 000 0 48 000 000 6 5 61 200 000 1 3600 75 000 000 0 75 000 000 0 37 000 000 12 1 75 000 000 0 51 000 000 6 5 62 600 000 2 3 Early medieval era 1 9700 75 000 000 0 75 000 000 0 50 000 000 35 1 75 000 000 0 56 500 000 10 3 66 300 000 5 9800 75 000 000 0 75 000 000 0 43 000 000 16 3 75 000 000 0 62 000 000 10 3 66 000 000 0 5900 75 000 000 0 72 500 000 3 5 38 000 000 13 2 75 000 000 0 69 500 000 11 4 66 000 000 01000 75 000 000 0 70 000 000 3 5 40 000 000 5 3 75 000 000 0 77 000 000 11 4 67 400 000 2 11100 81 000 000 8 72 500 000 3 5 51 000 000 27 5 81 300 000 8 4 80 000 000 3 9 73 200 000 8 6 Late medieval era 8 11200 87 500 000 8 75 000 000 3 5 65 100 000 27 5 88 200 000 8 4 83 000 000 3 8 79 800 000 91300 94 500 000 8 75 000 000 0 83 000 000 27 5 95 700 000 8 4 88 000 000 6 87 200 000 9 31400 102 000 000 8 77 000 000 3 3 88 800 000 7 103 700 000 8 4 94 000 000 6 8 92 900 000 71500 110 000 000 8 79 000 000 3 3 95 000 000 7 112 500 000 8 4 100 000 000 6 4 99 300 000 71600 135 000 000 22 8 100 000 000 26 6 145 000 000 52 6 135 800 000 20 7 130 000 000 30 129 200 000 30 1 Mughal era 31 91650 150 000 000 22 2 150 000 000 125 160 000 000 20 7 149 100 000 20 7 145 000 000 24 4 150 800 000 36 21700 165 000 000 22 2 200 000 000 77 8 175 000 000 20 7 163 900 000 20 7 160 000 000 21 8 172 800 000 31 31750 182 100 000 21 8 200 000 000 0 182 700 000 9 180 000 000 20 7 170 000 000 12 9 183 000 000 12 1 Colonial era 12 21800 200 900 000 21 8 190 000 000 10 8 190 700 000 9 185 000 000 18 4 190 400 000 81820 209 000 000 21 8 190 000 000 0 194 000 000 9 200 000 000 47 7 198 300 000 22The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10 000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate 32 before population growth slowed down in the classical era up to 500 AD and then became largely stagnant during the early medieval era era up to 1000 AD 24 26 The population growth rate then increased in the late medieval era during the Delhi Sultanate from 1000 to 1500 24 26 Under the Mughal Empire India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge 32 due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production 33 15 of the population lived in urban centres higher than the percentage of the population in 19th century British India 34 and contemporary Europe 34 up until the 19th century 35 These estimates by Abraham Eraly 34 and Paolo Malanima 35 have been criticised by Tim Dyson who considers them exaggerations and estimates urbanisation of the Mughal Empire to be less than 9 of the population 36 Under the reign of Akbar reigned 1556 1605 in 1600 the Mughal Empire s urban population was up to 17 million people larger than the urban population in Europe 37 By 1700 Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people larger than British India s urban population of 22 3 million in 1871 38 Nizamuddin Ahmad 1551 1621 reported that under Akbar s reign Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3 200 townships 34 A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter million and half million people 34 with larger cities including Agra in Agra Subah with up to 800 000 people 39 and Dhaka in Bengal Subah with over 1 million people 40 Mughal India also had a large number of villages with 455 698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb reigned 1658 1707 37 Late 19th century to early 20th century edit The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman It is based on fairly good data for the entire years Sources Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation 41 Years 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1902 41 Total Fertility Rate in India 5 95 5 92 5 89 5 86 5 82 5 79 4 38 5 76 5 76 5 75 5 75 5 75Years 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 41 Total Fertility Rate in India 5 761 5 77 5 78 5 79 5 8 5 81 5 82 5 83 5 85 5 86Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950 Years 1881 1891 1901 1905 1911 1915 1921 1925 1931 1935 1941 1950 42 Life expectancy in India 25 4 24 3 23 5 24 0 23 2 24 0 24 9 27 6 29 3 31 0 32 6 35 4The population of India under the British Raj including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh according to censuses Census year Population Growth 1871 43 238 830 958 1881 44 253 896 330 6 31891 43 287 223 431 13 11901 43 293 550 310 2 21911 45 315 156 396 7 41921 45 318 942 480 1 21931 45 352 837 778 10 61941 45 388 997 955 10 2Studies of India s population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population birth and death rates geographic distribution literacy the rural and urban divide cities of a million and the three cities with populations over eight million Delhi Greater Mumbai Bombay and Kolkata Calcutta 46 Mortality rates fell in the period 1920 45 primarily due to biological immunisation Suggestions that it was the benefits of colonialism are refuted by academic thinking There can be no serious informed belief that late colonial era mortality diminished and population grew rapidly because of improvements in income living standards nutrition environmental standards sanitation or health policies nor was there a cultural transformation 47 Salient features edit nbsp Crude birth rate trends in India per 1000 people national average 48 49 50 nbsp Infant mortality rate trends in India per 1000 births under age 1 national average India occupies 2 41 of the world s land area but supports over 18 of the world s population At the 2001 census 72 2 of the population 51 lived in about 638 000 villages 52 and the remaining 27 8 51 lived in more than 5 100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations 53 India s population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010 54 However because Africa s population growth is nearly double that of India it is expected to surpass both China and India by 2025 citation needed Comparative demographics edit Comparative demographics Category Global ranking ReferencesArea 7th 55 Population 1st 55 Population growth rate 102nd of 212 in 2010 56 Population density 24th of 212 in 2010 56 Male to Female ratio at birth 12th of 214 in 2009 57 List of states and union territories by demographics edit Main article List of States and Union Territories by demographics Population growth of India per decade 58 Census year Population Change 1951 361 088 003 1961 439 235 000 21 61971 548 160 000 24 81981 683 329 000 24 71991 846 387 888 23 92001 1 028 737 436 21 52011 1 210 193 422 17 7Population distribution by states union territories 2011 Rank State UT Population 59 Percent Male Female Difference between male and female Sex ratio Rural 60 Urban 60 Area 61 km2 Density per km2 1 Uttar Pradesh 199 812 341 16 50 104 480 510 95 331 831 9 148 679 930 155 111 022 44 470 455 240 928 8282 Maharashtra 112 374 333 9 28 58 243 056 54 131 277 4 111 779 929 61 545 441 50 827 531 307 713 3653 Bihar 104 099 452 8 60 54 278 157 49 821 295 4 456 862 918 92 075 028 11 729 609 94 163 1 1024 West Bengal 91 276 115 7 54 46 809 027 44 467 088 2 341 939 950 62 213 676 29 134 060 88 752 1 0305 Madhya Pradesh 72 626 809 6 00 37 612 306 35 014 503 2 597 803 931 52 537 899 20 059 666 308 245 2366 Tamil Nadu 72 147 030 5 96 36 137 975 36 009 055 128 920 996 37 189 229 34 949 729 130 058 5557 Rajasthan 68 548 437 5 66 35 550 997 32 997 440 2 553 557 928 51 540 236 17 080 776 342 239 2018 Karnataka 61 095 297 5 05 30 966 657 30 128 640 838 017 973 37 552 529 23 578 175 191 791 3199 Gujarat 60 439 692 4 99 31 491 260 28 948 432 2 542 828 919 34 670 817 25 712 811 196 024 30810 Andhra Pradesh 49 386 799 4 08 24 738 068 24 648 731 89 337 996 34 776 389 14 610 410 160 205 30811 Odisha 41 974 218 3 47 21 212 136 20 762 082 450 054 979 34 951 234 6 996 124 155 707 26912 Telangana 35 193 978 2 91 17 704 078 17 489 900 214 178 988 21 585 313 13 608 665 114 840 30713 Kerala 33 406 061 2 76 16 027 412 17 378 649 1 351 237 1084 17 445 506 15 932 171 38 863 85914 Jharkhand 32 988 134 2 72 16 930 315 16 057 819 872 496 948 25 036 946 7 929 292 79 714 41415 Assam 31 205 576 2 58 15 939 443 15 266 133 673 310 958 26 780 526 4 388 756 78 438 39716 Punjab 27 743 338 2 29 14 639 465 13 103 873 1 535 592 895 17 316 800 10 387 436 50 362 55017 Chhattisgarh 25 545 198 2 11 12 832 895 12 712 303 120 592 991 19 603 658 5 936 538 135 191 18918 Haryana 25 351 462 2 09 13 494 734 11 856 728 1 638 006 879 16 531 493 8 821 588 44 212 57319 Delhi UT 16 787 941 1 39 8 887 326 7 800 615 1 086 711 868 944 727 12 905 780 1 484 11 29720 Jammu and Kashmir 12 541 302 1 04 6 640 662 5 900 640 740 022 889 9 134 820 3 414 106 222 236 5621 Uttarakhand 10 086 292 0 83 5 137 773 4 948 519 189 254 963 7 025 583 3 091 169 53 483 18922 Himachal Pradesh 6 864 602 0 57 3 481 873 3 382 729 99 144 972 6 167 805 688 704 55 673 12323 Tripura 3 673 917 0 30 1 874 376 1 799 541 74 835 960 2 710 051 960 981 10 486 35024 Meghalaya 2 966 889 0 25 1 491 832 1 475 057 16 775 989 2 368 971 595 036 22 429 13225 Manipur 2 855 794 0 24 1 438 687 1 417 107 21 580 985 1 899 624 822 132 22 327 12826 Nagaland 1 978 502 0 16 1 024 649 953 853 70 796 931 1 406 861 573 741 16 579 11927 Goa 1 458 545 0 12 739 140 719 405 19 735 973 551 414 906 309 3 702 39428 Arunachal Pradesh 1 383 727 0 11 713 912 669 815 44 097 938 1 069 165 313 446 83 743 1729 Puducherry UT 1 247 953 0 10 612 511 635 442 22 931 1037 394 341 850 123 479 2 59830 Mizoram 1 097 206 0 09 555 339 541 867 13 472 976 529 037 561 997 21 081 5231 Chandigarh UT 1 055 450 0 09 580 663 474 787 105 876 818 29 004 1 025 682 114 9 25232 Sikkim 610 577 0 05 323 070 287 507 35 563 890 455 962 151 726 7 096 8633 Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT 380 581 0 03 202 871 177 710 25 161 876 244 411 135 533 8 249 4634 Dadra and Nagar Haveli UT 343 709 0 03 193 760 149 949 43 811 774 183 024 159 829 491 69835 Daman and Diu UT 243 247 0 02 150 301 92 946 57 355 618 60 331 182 580 112 2 16936 Lakshadweep UT 64 473 0 01 33 123 31 350 1 773 946 14 121 50 308 32 2 013 Total India 1 210 854 977 100 623 724 248 586 469 174 35 585 741 943 833 087 662 377 105 760 3 287 240 382Religious demographics edit Main article Religion in India The table below summarises India s demographics excluding the Mao Maram Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent The data are unadjusted without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir Missing citing reference for Changes in religious demagraphics over time table below Religious populations numbers 2011 62 Religion Population Percentage Hindus 966 378 868 79 80Muslims 172 245 158 14 23Christians 27 819 588 2 30Sikhs 20 833 116 1 72Buddhists 8 442 972 0 70Jains 4 451 753 0 37Others 7 937 734 0 66Not Stated 2 867 303 0 24 Changes in religious demographics over time Religiousgroup Population 1951 Population 1961 Population 1971 Population 1981 Population 1991 Population 2001 Population 2011 63 Hinduism 84 1 83 45 82 73 82 30 81 53 80 46 79 80 Islam 9 8 10 69 11 21 11 75 12 61 13 43 14 23 Christianity 2 3 2 44 2 60 2 44 2 32 2 34 2 30 Sikhism 1 79 1 79 1 89 1 92 1 94 1 87 1 72 Buddhism 0 74 0 74 0 70 0 70 0 77 0 77 0 70 Jainism 0 46 0 46 0 48 0 47 0 40 0 41 0 37 Zoroastrianism 0 13 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 08 0 06 n aOthers Religion not specified 0 43 0 43 0 41 0 42 0 44 0 72 0 9 Characteristics of religious groups 63 Religiousgroup Population 2011 Growth 2001 2011 64 65 Sex ratio 2011 total 66 Sex ratio 2011 rural Sex ratio 2011 urban Sex ratio 2011 child 67 Literacy 2011 68 Work participation 2011 66 69 Hinduism 79 80 16 8 939 946 921 913 73 3 41 0 Islam 14 23 24 6 951 957 941 943 68 5 32 6 Christianity 2 30 15 5 1023 1008 1046 958 84 5 41 9 Sikhism 1 72 8 4 903 905 898 828 75 4 36 3 Buddhism 0 70 6 1 965 960 973 933 81 3 43 1 Jainism 0 37 5 4 954 935 959 889 94 9 35 5 Others Religion Not Specified 0 90 n a 959 947 975 974 n a n a nbsp Percentage of total population of India s administrative divisions made up by Muslims 2011 70 Neonatal and infant demographics edit nbsp Male to female sex ratio for India based on its official census data from 1941 through 2011 71 The data suggest the existence of high sex ratios before and after the arrival of ultrasound based prenatal care and sex screening technologies in India The table below represents the infant mortality rate trends in India based on sex over the last 15 years In the urban areas of India average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than average female infant mortality rates 72 Infant mortality rate trend deaths per 1000 As per NFHS amp UNICEF Data Year Male Female Total1998 73 69 8 73 5 71 62005 72 56 3 58 57 74 2009 75 49 52 2014 76 43 7 37 90 40 7 74 2018 77 29 95 29 88 29 94 77 Some activists believe India s 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven activists posit that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011 78 These claims are controversial Scientists who study human sex ratios and demographic trends suggest that a birth sex ratio between 1 08 and 1 12 can be due to natural factors such as the age of mother at the baby s birth the age of father at conception number of babies per couple economic stress endocrinological factors and others 79 The 2011 census birth sex ratio in India of 917 girls to 1000 boys is similar to birth sex ratios 870 930 girls to 1000 boys observed in Japanese Chinese Cuban Filipino and Hawaiian ethnic groups in the United States between 1940 and 2005 They are also similar to birth sex ratios below 900 girls to 1000 boys observed in mothers of different age groups and gestation periods in the United States 80 81 Population within the age group of 0 6 edit Population between age 0 6 by state union territory 82 State or UT code State or UT Total Male Female Difference1 Jammu and Kashmir 2 008 670 1 080 662 927 982 152 6802 Himachal Pradesh 763 864 400 681 363 183 37 4983 Punjab 2 941 570 1 593 262 1 348 308 244 9544 Chandigarh 117 953 63 187 54 766 8 4215 Uttarakhand 1 328 844 704 769 624 075 80 6946 Haryana 3 297 724 1 802 047 1 495 677 306 3707 Delhi 1 970 510 1 055 735 914 775 140 9608 Rajasthan 10 504 916 5 580 212 4 924 004 656 2089 Uttar Pradesh 29 728 235 15 653 175 14 075 060 1 578 11510 Bihar 18 582 229 9 615 280 8 966 949 648 33111 Sikkim 61 077 31 418 29 659 1 75912 Arunachal Pradesh 202 759 103 430 99 330 4 10013 Nagaland 285 981 147 111 138 870 8 24114 Manipur 353 237 182 684 170 553 12 13115 Mizoram 165 536 83 965 81 571 2 39416 Tripura 444 055 227 354 216 701 10 65317 Meghalaya 555 822 282 189 273 633 8 55618 Assam 4 511 307 2 305 088 2 206 219 98 86919 West Bengal 10 112 599 5 187 264 4 925 335 261 92920 Jharkhand 5 237 582 2 695 921 2 541 661 154 26021 Odisha 5 035 650 2 603 208 2 432 442 170 76622 Chhattisgarh 3 584 028 1 824 987 1 759 041 65 94623 Madhya Pradesh 10 548 295 5 516 957 5 031 338 485 61924 Gujarat 7 564 464 3 974 286 3 519 890 454 39625 Daman and Diu 25 880 13 556 12 314 1 24226 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 49 196 25 575 23 621 1 95427 Maharashtra 12 848 375 6 822 262 6 026 113 796 14928 Andhra Pradesh 8 642 686 4 448 330 4 194 356 253 97429 Karnataka 6 855 801 3 527 844 3 327 957 199 88730 Goa 139 495 72 669 66 826 5 84331 Lakshadweep 7 088 3 715 3 373 34232 Kerala 3 322 247 1 695 889 1 626 358 69 53133 Tamil Nadu 6 894 821 3 542 351 3 352 470 189 88134 Puducherry 127 610 64 932 62 678 2 25435 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 39 497 20 094 19 403 691 Total India 158 789 287 82 952 135 75 837 152 7 114 983Population above the age of seven edit nbsp Life expectancy map of India 2011 2016 83 Population above the age of seven by state union territory 82 State or UT code State or UT Total Male Female1 Jammu and Kashmir 2 Himachal Pradesh 3 Punjab 4 Chandigarh 5 Uttarakhand 6 Haryana 22 055 357 11 703 083 10 352 2747 Delhi 14 782 725 7 920 675 6 862 0508 Rajasthan 58 116 096 30 039 874 28 076 2229 Uttar Pradesh 169 853 242 88 943 240 80 910 00210 Bihar 85 222 408 44 570 067 40 652 34111 Sikkim 546 611 290 243 256 36812 Arunachal Pradesh 1 179 852 616 802 563 05013 Nagaland 1 694 621 878 596 816 02514 Manipur 2 368 519 1 187 080 1 181 43915 Mizoram 925 478 468 374 457 10416 Tripura 3 226 977 1 644 513 1 582 46417 Meghalaya 2 408 185 1 210 479 1 197 70618 Assam 26 657 965 13 649 839 13 008 12619 West Bengal 81 235 137 41 740 125 39 495 01220 Jharkhand 27 728 656 14 235 767 13 492 88921 Odisha 36 911 708 18 598 470 18 313 23822 Chhattisgarh 21 956 168 11 002 928 10 953 24023 Madhya Pradesh 62 049 270 32 095 963 29 953 30724 Gujarat 52 889 452 27 507 996 25 381 45625 Daman and Diu 217 031 136 544 80 48726 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 293 657 167 603 126 05427 Maharashtra 99 524 597 51 539 135 47 985 46228 Andhra Pradesh 76 022 847 38 061 551 37 961 29629 Karnataka 54 274 903 27 529 898 26 745 00530 Goa 1 318 228 668 042 650 18631 Lakshadweep 57 341 29 391 27 95032 Kerala 33 Tamil Nadu 65 244 137 32 616 520 32 627 61734 Puducherry 1 116 854 545 553 571 30135 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 340 447 182 236 158 211 Total India 1 051 404 135 540 772 113 510 632 022Literacy rate edit nbsp Literacy rate map of India 2011 84 Literacy rate by state union territory 82 State or UT code State or UT Overall Male Female 1 Jammu and Kashmir 68 74 76 75 58 012 Himachal Pradesh 83 78 90 83 76 603 Punjab 86 60 81 48 71 344 Chandigarh 86 43 90 54 81 385 Uttarakhand 79 63 88 33 70 706 Haryana 76 64 85 38 66 777 Delhi 86 34 91 03 80 938 Rajasthan 67 06 80 51 52 669 Uttar Pradesh 69 72 79 24 59 2610 Bihar 63 82 73 39 53 3311 Sikkim 82 20 87 29 76 4312 Arunachal Pradesh 66 95 73 69 59 5713 Nagaland 80 11 83 29 76 6914 Manipur 79 85 86 49 73 1715 Mizoram 91 58 93 72 89 4016 Tripura 87 75 92 18 83 1517 Meghalaya 75 48 77 17 73 7818 Assam 73 18 78 81 67 2719 West Bengal 77 08 82 67 71 1620 Jharkhand 67 63 78 45 56 2121 Odisha 72 90 82 40 64 3622 Chhattisgarh 71 04 81 45 60 5923 Madhya Pradesh 70 63 80 53 60 0224 Gujarat 79 31 87 23 70 7325 Daman and Diu 87 07 91 48 79 5926 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 77 65 86 46 65 9327 Maharashtra 83 20 89 82 75 4828 Andhra Pradesh 85 67 35 74 77 59 9629 Karnataka 75 60 82 85 68 1330 Goa 87 40 92 81 81 8431 Lakshadweep 92 28 96 11 88 2532 Kerala 93 91 96 02 91 9833 Tamil Nadu 80 33 86 81 73 8634 Puducherry 86 55 92 12 81 2235 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 86 27 90 11 81 84 Overall India 74 03 82 14 65 46Linguistic demographics edit Main article List of languages by number of native speakers in India Mother tongue languages of India 2011 Hindi 26 6 Bengali 7 94 Marathi 6 84 Telugu 6 68 Tamil 5 69 Gujarati 4 55 Urdu 4 19 Bhojpuri 4 18 Kannada 3 59 Malayalam 2 87 Others 26 87 According to the 2001 census 41 03 of the Indians spoke Hindi natively while the rest spoke Assamese Bengali Gujarati Maithili Kannada Malayalam Marathi Odia Punjabi Tamil Telugu Urdu and a variety of other languages There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues spoken in India Of these 22 languages are specified in the Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution while 100 are non specified The table below excludes Mao Maram Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results Languages of India by number of native speakers at the 2001 census 86 Rank Language Speakers Percentage 1 Hindi note 1 422 048 642 41 0302 Bengali 83 369 769 8 1103 Telugu 74 002 856 7 1904 Marathi 71 936 894 6 9905 Tamil 60 793 814 5 9106 Urdu 51 536 111 5 0107 Gujarati 46 091 617 4 4808 Kannada 37 924 011 3 6909 Malayalam 33 066 392 3 21010 Odia 33 017 446 3 21011 Punjabi 29 102 477 2 83012 Assamese 13 168 484 1 28013 Maithili 12 179 122 1 18014 Bhili Bhilodi 9 582 957 0 93015 Santali 6 469 600 0 63016 Kashmiri 5 527 698 0 54017 Nepali 2 871 749 0 28018 Gondi 2 713 790 0 26019 Sindhi 2 535 485 0 25020 Konkani 2 489 015 0 24021 Dogri 2 282 589 0 22022 Khandeshi 2 075 258 0 20023 Kurukh 1 751 489 0 17024 Tulu 1 722 768 0 17025 Meitei Manipuri 1 466 705 0 14026 Bodo 1 350 478 0 13027 Khasi Garo 1 128 575 0 11228 Mundari 1 061 352 0 10529 Ho 1 042 724 0 10330 Tripuri 1 011 294 0 103Largest cities of India editFor a more comprehensive list see List of cities in India by population Largest cities or towns in India 2011 Census of India 87 Rank Name State UT Pop Rank Name State UT Pop nbsp Mumbai nbsp Delhi 1 Mumbai Maharashtra 12 478 447 11 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 2 920 067 nbsp Bangalore nbsp Hyderabad2 Delhi Delhi 11 007 835 12 Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 2 901 4743 Bangalore Karnataka 8 425 970 13 Nagpur Maharashtra 2 405 4214 Hyderabad Telangana 6 809 970 14 Indore Madhya Pradesh 1 960 5215 Ahmedabad Gujarat 5 570 585 15 Thane Maharashtra 1 818 8726 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4 681 087 16 Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 1 795 6487 Kolkata West Bengal 4 486 679 17 Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 1 730 3208 Surat Gujarat 4 462 002 18 Pimpri Chinchwad Maharashtra 1 729 3599 Pune Maharashtra 3 115 431 19 Patna Bihar 1 683 20010 Jaipur Rajasthan 3 073 350 20 Ludhiana Punjab 1 613 878Vital statistics editUN estimates edit United Nations World Population Prospects The 2022 revision India 88 Year Mid year population Births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year Crude birth rate per 1000 Crude death rate per 1000 Natural change per 1000 Total Fertility rate Infant mortality per 1000 Life expectancy1950 357 021 000 15 651 000 7 942 000 7 709 000 43 8 22 2 21 6 5 73 181 2 41 71951 364 922 000 16 042 000 8 171 000 7 871 000 44 0 22 4 21 6 5 77 180 1 41 71952 372 997 000 16 458 000 8 293 000 8 165 000 44 1 22 2 21 9 5 82 177 5 42 01953 381 228 000 16 857 000 8 442 000 8 415 000 44 2 22 1 22 1 5 87 175 3 42 21954 389 731 000 17 247 000 8 414 000 8 833 000 44 2 21 6 22 7 5 91 172 2 43 01955 398 578 000 17 549 000 8 468 000 9 081 000 44 0 21 2 22 8 5 91 169 7 43 41956 407 657 000 17 844 000 8 533 000 9 310 000 43 8 20 9 22 8 5 91 167 3 43 81957 416 935 000 18 128 000 8 618 000 9 510 000 43 5 20 7 22 8 5 91 165 0 44 11958 426 296 000 18 370 000 8 673 000 9 696 000 43 1 20 3 22 7 5 90 162 7 44 41959 435 900 000 18 593 000 8 688 000 9 905 000 42 6 19 9 22 7 5 89 160 3 44 91960 445 955 000 18 958 000 8 756 000 10 201 000 42 5 19 6 22 9 5 92 158 2 45 21961 456 352 000 19 301 000 8 874 000 10 427 000 42 3 19 4 22 8 5 94 156 4 45 41962 467 024 000 19 663 000 8 969 000 10 693 000 42 1 19 2 22 9 5 95 154 5 45 71963 477 934 000 20 031 000 9 064 000 10 966 000 41 9 19 0 22 9 5 97 152 7 45 91964 489 059 000 20 407 000 9 177 000 11 230 000 41 7 18 8 23 0 5 98 151 1 46 21965 500 114 000 20 679 000 9 824 000 10 855 000 41 3 19 6 21 7 5 94 156 4 45 01966 510 993 000 20 913 000 9 886 000 11 027 000 40 9 19 3 21 6 5 88 154 7 45 31967 521 987 000 21 193 000 9 963 000 11 231 000 40 6 19 1 21 5 5 83 153 1 45 71968 533 432 000 21 454 000 9 486 000 11 968 000 40 2 17 8 22 4 5 76 145 0 47 51969 545 315 000 21 704 000 9 551 000 12 154 000 39 8 17 5 22 3 5 68 143 3 47 91970 557 501 000 22 043 000 9 606 000 12 437 000 39 5 17 2 22 3 5 62 141 7 48 21971 569 999 000 22 483 000 9 658 000 12 825 000 39 4 16 9 22 5 5 57 139 9 48 61972 582 838 000 22 835 000 9 702 000 13 133 000 39 2 16 6 22 5 5 48 138 5 49 01973 596 107 000 23 230 000 9 701 000 13 529 000 39 0 16 3 22 7 5 40 136 3 49 51974 609 722 000 23 559 000 9 628 000 13 931 000 38 6 15 8 22 8 5 33 133 3 50 21975 623 524 000 23 660 000 9 592 000 14 068 000 37 9 15 4 22 6 5 20 130 7 50 81976 637 451 000 24 021 000 9 572 000 14 449 000 37 7 15 0 22 7 5 13 127 9 51 41977 651 686 000 24 042 000 9 555 000 14 487 000 36 9 14 7 22 2 5 01 124 9 51 91978 666 268 000 24 243 000 9 520 000 14 723 000 36 4 14 3 22 1 4 89 121 7 52 51979 681 248 000 24 699 000 9 515 000 15 184 000 36 3 14 0 22 3 4 81 118 4 53 11980 696 828 000 25 235 000 9 530 000 15 705 000 36 2 13 7 22 5 4 78 115 2 53 61981 712 869 000 25 683 000 9 532 000 16 151 000 36 0 13 4 22 7 4 70 112 1 54 21982 729 169 000 25 964 000 9 512 000 16 452 000 35 6 13 0 22 6 4 62 109 3 54 71983 745 827 000 26 329 000 9 487 000 16 842 000 35 3 12 7 22 6 4 57 106 7 55 31984 762 890 005 26 777 000 9 471 000 17 307 000 35 1 12 4 22 7 4 52 104 2 55 81985 780 242 000 27 001 000 9 444 000 17 558 000 34 6 12 1 22 5 4 43 101 8 56 31986 797 879 000 27 522 000 9 434 000 18 088 000 34 5 11 8 22 7 4 40 99 4 56 81987 815 716 000 27 478 000 9 400 000 18 077 000 33 7 11 5 22 2 4 31 97 0 57 31988 833 730 000 27 654 000 9 369 000 18 286 000 33 2 11 2 21 9 4 22 94 6 57 81989 852 013 000 27 733 000 9 335 000 18 398 000 32 5 11 0 21 6 4 13 92 2 58 21990 870 452 000 27 692 000 9 306 000 18 386 000 31 8 10 7 21 1 4 05 89 8 58 71991 888 942 000 27 937 000 9 295 000 18 642 000 31 4 10 5 21 0 3 96 87 6 59 11992 907 574 000 28 057 000 9 285 000 18 772 000 30 9 10 2 20 7 3 88 85 5 59 51993 926 351 000 28 055 000 9 283 000 18 772 000 30 3 10 0 20 3 3 80 83 5 59 81994 945 262 000 28 207 000 9 270 000 18 937 000 29 8 9 8 20 0 3 72 81 4 60 21995 964 279 000 28 314 000 9 269 000 19 044 000 29 4 9 6 19 7 3 65 79 3 60 61996 983 281 000 28 305 000 9 262 000 19 043 000 28 8 9 4 19 4 3 58 77 1 61 01997 1 002 335 000 28 341 000 9 251 000 19 090 000 28 3 9 2 19 0 3 51 74 8 61 41998 1 021 435 000 28 381 000 9 245 000 19 136 000 27 8 9 1 18 7 3 45 72 5 61 81999 1 040 500 000 28 365 000 9 235 000 19 130 000 27 3 8 9 18 4 3 38 70 2 62 22000 1 059 634 000 28 615 000 9 221 000 19 394 000 27 0 8 7 18 3 3 35 67 8 62 72001 1 078 971 000 28 843 000 9 235 000 19 608 000 26 7 8 6 18 2 3 30 65 4 63 12002 1 098 313 000 28 648 000 9 186 000 19 462 000 26 1 8 4 17 7 3 22 63 1 63 62003 1 117 415 000 28 356 000 9 150 000 19 206 000 25 4 8 2 17 2 3 12 60 8 64 12004 1 136 265 000 28 099 000 9 136 000 18 963 000 24 7 8 0 16 7 3 05 58 6 64 52005 1 154 639 000 27 646 000 9 096 000 18 550 000 23 9 7 9 16 1 2 96 56 3 65 02006 1 172 374 000 27 229 000 9 080 000 18 149 000 23 2 7 7 15 5 2 86 54 1 65 42007 1 189 692 000 27 030 000 9 095 000 17 935 000 22 7 7 6 15 1 2 78 51 9 65 82008 1 206 735 000 26 890 000 9 123 000 17 767 000 22 3 7 6 14 7 2 72 49 6 66 12009 1 223 640 000 26 848 000 9 154 000 17 694 000 21 9 7 5 14 5 2 67 47 4 66 52010 1 240 614 000 26 599 000 9 162 000 17 437 000 21 4 7 4 14 1 2 60 45 2 66 92011 1 257 621 191 26 342 000 9 139 000 17 203 000 20 9 7 3 13 7 2 54 43 0 67 42012 1 274 487 215 26 027 000 9 072 000 16 954 000 20 4 7 1 13 3 2 47 40 8 67 92013 1 291 132 063 25 740 000 8 987 000 16 753 000 19 9 7 0 13 0 2 41 38 7 68 52014 1 307 246 509 24 899 000 8 876 000 16 023 000 19 0 6 8 12 3 2 31 36 7 69 12015 1 322 866 505 24 828 000 8 826 000 16 003 000 18 8 6 7 12 1 2 29 34 7 69 62016 1 338 636 340 24 783 000 8 839 000 15 944 000 18 5 6 6 11 9 2 27 32 8 70 12017 1 354 195 680 24 254 000 8 928 000 15 326 000 17 9 6 6 11 3 2 20 31 1 70 52018 1 369 003 306 24 168 000 9 098 000 15 070 000 17 7 6 6 11 0 2 18 29 4 70 72019 1 383 112 050 23 583 000 9 281 000 14 302 000 17 0 6 7 10 3 2 11 27 9 70 92020 1 396 387 127 23 139 000 10 262 000 12 876 000 16 6 7 4 9 2 2 05 26 6 70 12021 1 407 563 842 23 114 000 13 300 000 9 814 000 16 4 9 4 7 0 2 03 25 5 67 22022 1 417 173 173 23 053 156 12 859 429 10 193 727 14 3 9 1 5 2 1 76Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues Census of India sample registration system edit nbsp Total fertility rate map average births per woman by states and union territories 2012 89 nbsp Total fertility rate map average births per woman by districts 2011Census of India sample registration system 90 91 92 93 Year Average population Live births1 Deaths1 Natural change Crude birth rate per 1000 Crude death rate per 1000 Natural change per 1000 Total fertility rate1981 716 493 000 24 289 000 8 956 000 15 333 000 33 9 12 5 21 4 4 521982 733 152 000 24 781 000 8 725 000 16 056 000 33 8 11 9 21 9 4 51983 750 034 000 25 276 000 8 925 000 16 351 000 33 7 11 9 21 8 4 51984 767 147 000 26 006 000 9 666 000 16 340 000 33 9 12 6 21 3 4 51985 784 491 000 25 810 000 9 257 000 16 553 000 32 9 11 8 21 1 4 31986 802 052 000 26 147 000 8 903 000 17 244 000 32 6 11 1 21 5 4 151987 819 800 000 26 316 000 8 936 000 17 380 000 32 1 10 9 21 2 4 11988 837 700 000 26 388 000 9 215 000 17 173 000 31 5 11 0 20 5 4 01989 855 707 000 26 185 000 8 814 000 17 371 000 30 6 10 3 20 3 3 91990 873 785 000 26 388 000 8 476 000 17 912 000 30 2 9 7 20 5 3 81991 891 910 000 26 133 000 8 741 000 17 392 000 29 3 9 8 19 5 3 641992 910 065 000 26 392 000 9 192 000 17 200 000 29 0 10 1 18 9 3 61993 928 226 000 26 640 000 8 633 000 18 007 000 0 9 3 19 4 3 51994 946 373 000 27 161 000 8 801 000 18 360 000 28 7 9 3 19 4 3 51995 964 486 000 27 295 000 8 680 000 18 615 000 28 3 9 0 19 3 3 51996 982 553 000 26 824 000 8 745 000 18 079 000 27 3 8 9 18 4 3 401997 1 000 558 000 27 215 000 8 905 000 18 310 000 27 2 8 9 18 3 3 31998 1 018 471 000 26 989 000 9 166 000 17 823 000 26 5 9 0 17 5 3 21999 1 036 259 000 26 943 000 9 015 000 17 928 000 26 0 8 7 17 3 3 22000 1 053 898 000 27 191 000 8 958 000 18 233 000 25 8 8 5 17 3 3 22001 1 071 374 000 27 213 000 9 000 000 18 213 000 25 4 8 4 17 0 3 102002 1 088 694 000 27 217 000 8 818 000 18 399 000 25 0 8 1 16 9 3 02003 1 105 886 000 27 426 000 8 847 000 18 579 000 24 8 8 0 16 8 3 02004 1 122 991 000 27 064 000 8 422 000 18 642 000 24 1 7 5 16 6 2 92005 1 140 043 000 27 133 000 8 664 000 18 469 000 23 8 7 6 16 2 2 92006 1 157 039 000 27 190 000 8 678 000 18 512 000 23 5 7 5 16 0 2 792007 1 134 024 000 26 195 954 8 391 778 17 804 176 23 1 7 4 15 7 2 72008 1 150 196 000 26 224 469 8 511 450 17 713 019 22 8 7 4 15 4 2 62009 1 166 228 000 26 240 130 8 513 464 17 726 666 22 5 7 3 15 2 2 62010 1 182 108 000 26 124 587 8 511 178 17 613 409 22 1 7 2 14 9 2 52011 1 197 658 000 26 108 944 8 503 372 17 605 572 21 8 7 1 14 7 2 442012 1 212 827 000 26 197 063 8 489 789 17 707 274 21 6 7 0 14 6 2 382013 1 227 012 000 26 258 057 8 589 084 17 668 973 21 4 7 0 14 4 2 342014 1 243 542 000 25 904 377 8 264 730 17 639 647 21 0 6 7 14 3 2 322015 1 259 108 000 26 189 446 8 184 202 18 005 244 20 8 6 5 14 3 2 272016 1 273 986 000 25 989 314 8 153 510 17 835 804 20 4 6 4 14 0 2 262017 94 1 288 522 000 26 028 144 8 117 689 17 910 455 20 2 6 3 13 9 2 182018 1 324 609 000 26 492 180 8 212 576 18 279 604 20 0 6 2 13 8 2 152019 1 338 995 000 24 820 886 7 641 076 17 179 810 18 5 5 7 12 8 2 08 95 2020 1 353 378 000 24 222 444 8 115 882 16 106 562 17 9 6 0 11 9 2 001 The numbers of births and deaths were calculated from the birth and death rates and the average population Life expectancy edit nbsp Life expectancy in India since 1881 nbsp Life expectancy in India since 1960 by genderPeriod Life expectancy inYears1950 1955 36 61955 1960 39 71960 1965 42 71965 1970 46 01970 1975 49 41975 1980 52 51980 1985 54 91985 1990 56 71990 1995 59 11995 2000 61 52000 2005 63 52005 2010 65 62010 2015 67 6Source UN World Population Prospects 96 Structure of the population edit Structure of the population Census 9 II 2011 Population by age group Age group Male Female Total Percentage Cumulative Percentage0 4 58 632 074 54 174 704 112 806 778 9 32 9 325 9 66 300 466 60 627 660 126 928 126 10 48 19 810 14 69 418 835 63 290 377 132 709 212 10 96 30 7615 19 63 982 396 56 544 053 120 526 449 9 95 40 7120 24 57 584 693 53 839 529 111 424 222 9 20 49 9125 29 51 344 208 50 069 757 101 413 965 8 38 58 2930 34 44 660 674 43 934 277 88 594 951 7 32 65 6135 39 42 919 381 42 221 303 85 140 684 7 03 72 6440 44 37 545 386 34 892 726 72 438 112 5 98 78 6245 49 32 138 114 30 180 213 62 318 327 5 15 83 7750 54 25 843 266 23 225 988 49 069 254 4 05 87 8255 59 19 456 012 19 690 043 39 146 055 3 23 91 0560 64 18 701 749 18 961 958 37 663 707 3 11 94 1665 69 12 944 326 13 510 657 26 454 983 2 18 96 3470 74 9 651 499 9 557 343 19 208 842 1 59 97 9375 79 4 490 603 4 741 900 9 232 503 0 76 98 6980 84 2 927 040 3 293 189 6 220 229 0 51 99 285 89 1 120 106 1 263 061 2 383 167 0 20 99 490 94 652 465 794 069 1 446 534 0 12 99 5295 99 294 759 338 538 633 297 0 05 99 57100 289 325 316 453 605 778 0 05 99 62Unknown 2 372 881 2 116 921 4 489 802 0 37 99 99Total 623 270 258 587 584 719 1 210 854 977 100 00Age group Male Female Total Percent0 14 194 351 375 178 092 741 372 444 116 30 7615 64 394 175 879 373 559 847 767 735 726 63 4065 32 370 123 33 815 210 66 185 333 5 47Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group 03 III 2016 Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census 97 Age Group Male Female Total Total 664 184 000 626 890 000 1 291 074 000 1000 4 62 872 000 56 038 000 118 910 000 9 215 9 61 499 000 56 969 000 118 468 000 9 1810 14 65 142 000 59 682 000 124 824 000 9 6715 19 67 223 000 60 871 000 128 094 000 9 9220 24 63 521 000 57 356 000 120 877 000 9 3625 29 57 272 000 53 357 000 110 629 000 8 5730 34 50 782 000 49 250 000 100 032 000 7 7535 39 45 318 000 44 787 000 90 105 000 6 9840 44 41 280 000 40 497 000 81 777 000 6 3345 49 36 602 000 35 107 000 71 709 000 5 5550 54 30 738 000 29 016 000 59 754 000 4 6355 59 24 403 000 23 307 000 47 710 000 3 7060 64 19 133 000 19 288 000 38 421 000 2 9865 69 15 198 000 16 114 000 31 312 000 2 4370 74 11 002 000 11 723 000 22 725 000 1 7675 79 7 703 000 8 367 000 16 070 000 1 2480 4 496 000 5 161 000 9 657 000 0 75Age group Male Female Total Percent0 14 189 513 000 172 689 000 362 202 000 28 0515 64 436 272 000 412 836 000 849 108 000 65 7765 38 399 000 41 365 000 79 764 000 6 18Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group 01 III 2021 Includes data for the Indian held part of Jammu and Kashmir the final status of which has not yet been determined Data are projections based on the 2011 Population Census 98 Age Group Male Female Total Total 700 623 000 662 383 000 1 363 006 000 1000 4 60 153 000 54 120 000 114 273 000 8 385 9 62 276 000 55 390 000 117 666 000 8 6310 14 61 266 000 56 785 000 118 051 000 8 6615 19 64 862 000 59 420 000 124 282 000 9 1220 24 66 770 000 60 474 000 127 244 000 9 3425 29 62 944 000 56 956 000 119 900 000 8 8030 34 56 614 000 52 961 000 109 575 000 8 0435 39 50 027 000 48 836 000 98 863 000 7 2540 44 44 450 000 44 315 000 88 765 000 6 5145 49 40 204 000 39 903 000 80 107 000 5 8850 54 35 235 000 34 331 000 69 566 000 5 1055 59 29 082 000 28 062 000 57 144 000 4 1960 64 22 465 000 22 079 000 44 544 000 3 2765 69 16 823 000 17 583 000 34 406 000 2 5270 74 12 546 000 13 904 000 26 450 000 1 9475 79 8 269 000 9 294 000 17 563 000 1 2980 6 637 000 7 970 000 14 607 000 1 07Age group Male Female Total Percent0 14 183 695 000 166 295 000 349 990 000 25 6815 64 472 653 000 447 337 000 919 990 000 67 5065 44 275 000 48 751 000 93 026 000 6 83Fertility rate edit From the Demographic Health Survey 99 nbsp TFR of India to 2016Crude birth rate and total fertility rate wanted fertility rate Year CBR Total TFR Total1 CBR Urban TFR Urban1 CBR Rural TFR Rural11992 1993 28 7 3 39 2 64 24 1 2 70 2 09 30 4 3 67 2 86 1998 1999 24 8 2 85 2 13 20 9 2 27 1 73 26 2 3 07 2 28 2005 2006 23 1 2 68 1 90 18 8 2 06 1 60 25 0 2 98 2 10 2015 2016 19 0 2 18 1 8 15 8 1 75 1 5 20 7 2 41 1 9 2019 2021 17 1 1 99 1 6 14 0 1 63 1 4 18 6 2 14 1 7 CBR crude birth rate per 1000 TFR total fertility rate number of children per woman 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate Total fertility rate wanted fertility rate by religion Year Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Buddhist Neo Buddhist Jain Other2019 2021 1 94 1 6 2 36 1 8 1 88 1 7 1 61 1 4 1 39 1 2 1 60 1 5 2 15 1 7 CBR crude birth rate per 1000 TFR total fertility rate number of children per woman 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate Crude birth rate and total fertility rate wanted fertility rate 2015 2016 State Population 2011 CBR Total TFR Total1 CBR Urban TFR Urban1 CBR Rural TFR Rural1Uttar Pradesh 199 812 341 22 6 2 74 2 06 18 6 2 08 1 62 24 0 2 99 2 22 Maharashtra 112 374 333 16 6 1 87 1 57 15 5 1 68 1 41 17 5 2 06 1 73 Bihar 104 099 452 27 1 3 41 2 48 20 4 2 42 1 83 28 0 3 56 2 58 West Bengal 91 276 115 16 6 1 77 1 53 14 0 1 57 1 38 18 0 1 85 1 58 Madhya Pradesh 72 626 809 20 2 2 32 1 82 17 7 1 95 1 61 21 3 2 48 1 91 Tamil Nadu 72 147 030 15 5 1 70 1 51 13 9 1 54 1 38 17 2 1 86 1 63 Rajasthan 68 548 437 20 8 2 40 1 81 17 5 1 94 1 52 22 0 2 56 1 91 Karnataka 61 095 297 15 9 1 81 1 42 15 2 1 65 1 30 16 5 1 92 1 50 Gujarat 60 439 692 16 7 2 03 1 54 15 3 1 82 1 39 17 9 2 19 1 64 Andhra Pradesh 49 386 799 16 1 1 83 1 64 13 9 1 53 1 39 17 0 1 96 1 75 Odisha 41 974 218 18 1 2 05 1 69 15 6 1 73 1 50 18 7 2 12 1 72 Telangana 35 193 978 17 1 1 79 1 59 17 1 1 67 1 53 17 2 1 88 1 64 Kerala 33 406 061 11 2 1 56 1 47 11 4 1 57 1 47 11 0 1 55 1 46 Jharkhand 32 988 134 21 7 2 55 2 06 16 3 1 78 1 47 23 5 2 83 2 27 Assam 31 205 576 19 5 2 21 1 78 13 2 1 45 1 25 20 5 2 34 1 87 Punjab 27 743 338 13 8 1 62 1 37 13 5 1 59 1 32 14 0 1 63 1 39 Chhattisgarh 25 545 198 20 7 2 23 1 88 17 9 1 78 1 58 21 5 2 37 1 97 Haryana 25 351 462 18 7 2 05 1 63 16 3 1 78 1 44 20 2 2 22 1 75 Jammu and Kashmir 12 541 302 17 7 2 01 1 67 13 9 1 58 1 39 19 4 2 18 1 77 Uttarakhand 10 086 292 19 0 2 07 1 60 17 1 1 80 1 43 20 0 2 24 1 71 Himachal Pradesh 6 864 602 15 3 1 88 1 55 12 0 1 43 1 15 15 7 1 92 1 59 Tripura 3 673 917 15 3 1 69 1 55 12 7 1 40 1 34 16 4 1 80 1 62 Meghalaya 2 966 889 24 6 3 04 2 79 16 1 1 67 1 57 26 7 3 47 3 18 Manipur 2 855 794 21 2 2 61 2 33 17 5 2 14 1 96 23 7 2 92 2 57 Nagaland 1 978 502 21 4 2 74 2 35 16 3 1 78 1 58 24 1 3 38 2 86 Goa 1 458 545 12 8 1 66 1 37 13 4 1 72 1 37 11 7 1 55 1 37 Arunachal Pradesh 1 383 727 17 9 2 12 1 64 17 0 1 69 1 26 18 2 2 29 1 79 Mizoram 1 097 206 18 7 2 26 2 15 16 9 1 97 1 89 21 2 2 71 2 54 Sikkim 610 577 11 4 1 17 0 88 12 1 1 11 0 82 11 1 1 21 0 91 CBR crude birth rate per 1000 TFR total fertility rate number of children per woman 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate Crude birth rate and total fertility rate wanted fertility rate 2019 2021 100 State Population 2011 CBR Total TFR Total1 CBR Urban TFR Urban1 CBR Rural TFR Rural1Uttar Pradesh 199 812 341 20 5 2 35 1 77 16 7 1 88 1 49 21 8 2 50 1 86 Maharashtra 112 374 333 13 8 1 71 1 43 12 6 1 50 1 27 15 0 1 89 1 58 Bihar 104 099 452 25 9 2 98 2 25 20 4 2 35 1 88 27 0 3 11 2 31 West Bengal 91 276 115 15 5 1 64 1 42 12 4 1 39 1 24 17 0 1 73 1 48 Madhya Pradesh 72 626 809 17 2 1 99 1 61 13 7 1 61 1 34 18 5 2 12 1 69 Tamil Nadu 72 147 030 13 7 1 76 1 59 12 7 1 61 1 50 14 6 1 89 1 66 Rajasthan 68 548 437 18 7 2 01 1 61 15 3 1 67 1 42 19 8 2 11 1 65 Karnataka 61 095 297 14 2 1 67 1 38 13 2 1 50 1 25 14 9 1 79 1 46 Gujarat 60 439 692 15 0 1 86 1 53 13 3 1 65 1 39 16 3 2 0 1 60 Andhra Pradesh 49 386 799 13 8 1 68 1 55 12 5 1 47 1 36 14 3 1 78 1 64 Odisha 41 974 218 15 9 1 82 1 52 13 1 1 48 1 26 16 5 1 89 1 57 Telangana 35 193 978 15 3 1 75 1 55 16 0 1 75 1 57 15 3 1 74 1 54 Kerala 33 406 061 11 8 1 79 1 68 11 9 1 82 1 71 11 6 1 76 1 65 Jharkhand 32 988 134 20 2 2 26 1 87 14 2 1 56 1 32 22 0 2 48 2 04 Assam 31 205 576 16 8 1 87 1 56 13 1 1 50 1 37 17 4 1 93 1 59 Punjab 27 743 338 13 3 1 63 1 35 12 1 1 55 1 29 14 0 1 68 1 38 Chhattisgarh 25 545 198 16 4 1 82 1 57 13 6 1 42 1 28 17 2 1 94 1 66 Haryana 25 351 462 16 4 1 91 1 54 14 1 1 65 1 38 17 5 2 04 1 62 Jammu and Kashmir 12 541 302 13 1 1 41 1 3 Uttarakhand 10 086 292 16 7 1 85 1 46 16 8 1 84 1 47 16 6 1 86 1 47 Himachal Pradesh 6 864 602 12 7 1 66 1 43 11 2 1 43 1 36 12 9 1 69 1 44 Tripura 3 673 917 14 5 1 70 1 49 11 0 1 39 1 29 15 8 1 81 1 56 Meghalaya 2 966 889 24 2 2 91 2 66 14 8 1 57 1 43 26 5 3 31 3 04 Manipur 2 855 794 17 4 2 17 1 98 14 7 1 84 1 73 19 1 2 38 2 13 Nagaland 1 978 502 15 4 1 72 1 57 12 5 1 21 1 13 16 8 2 00 1 82 Goa 1 458 545 10 3 1 30 1 21 10 3 1 26 1 19 10 3 1 36 1 24 Arunachal Pradesh 1 383 727 16 0 1 80 1 49 14 8 1 44 1 24 16 2 1 88 1 54 Mizoram 1 097 206 15 0 1 87 1 78 13 9 1 63 1 56 16 4 2 19 2 08 Sikkim 610 577 10 2 1 05 0 85 7 8 0 71 0 54 11 7 1 32 1 11 Delhi 14 8 1 62 1 29 14 6 1 60 1 27 23 4 2 47 2 06 CBR crude birth rate per 1000 TFR total fertility rate number of children per woman 1Number in parentheses represents the wanted fertility rate Regional vital statistics edit Birth rate death rate natural growth rate and infant mortality rate by state or UT 2010 101 State or UT Birth rate Death rate Natural growth rate Infant mortality rateTotal Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanAndaman and Nicobar Islands 15 6 15 5 15 8 4 3 4 8 3 3 11 3 10 7 12 6 25 29 18Andhra Pradesh 17 9 18 3 16 7 7 6 8 6 5 4 10 2 9 7 11 3 46 51 33Arunachal Pradesh 20 5 22 1 14 6 5 9 6 9 2 3 14 6 15 2 12 3 31 34 12Assam 23 2 24 4 15 8 8 2 8 6 5 8 14 9 15 8 10 1 58 60 36Bihar 28 1 28 8 22 0 6 8 7 0 5 6 21 3 21 8 16 4 48 49 38Chandigarh 15 6 21 6 15 0 3 9 3 7 3 9 11 6 17 9 11 0 22 20 23Chhattisgarh 25 3 26 8 18 6 8 0 8 4 6 2 17 3 18 4 12 4 51 52 44Dadra and Nagar Haveli 26 6 26 0 28 6 4 7 5 1 3 3 21 9 20 9 25 3 38 43 22Daman and Diu 18 8 19 1 18 3 4 9 4 9 4 8 13 9 14 2 13 6 23 19 29Delhi 17 8 19 7 17 5 4 2 4 6 4 1 13 6 15 0 13 4 30 37 29Goa 13 2 12 6 13 7 6 6 8 1 5 7 6 6 4 5 8 0 10 10 10Gujarat 21 8 23 3 19 4 6 7 7 5 5 5 15 1 15 8 14 0 44 51 30Haryana 22 3 23 3 19 8 6 6 7 0 5 6 15 7 16 3 14 3 48 51 38Himachal Pradesh 16 9 17 5 11 5 6 9 7 2 4 2 10 0 10 3 7 3 40 41 29Jammu and Kashmir 18 3 19 5 13 5 5 7 5 9 4 7 12 6 13 6 8 8 43 45 32Jharkhand 25 3 26 7 19 3 7 0 7 4 5 4 18 3 19 3 13 9 42 44 30Karnataka 19 2 20 2 17 5 7 1 8 1 5 4 12 1 12 1 12 1 38 43 28Kerala 14 8 14 8 14 8 7 0 7 1 6 7 7 8 7 7 8 1 13 14 10Lakshadweep 14 3 15 5 13 2 6 4 6 1 6 7 8 0 9 5 6 5 25 23 27Madhya Pradesh 27 3 29 2 20 5 8 3 9 0 6 0 18 9 20 2 14 5 62 67 42Maharashtra 17 1 17 6 16 4 6 5 7 5 5 3 10 6 10 2 11 1 28 34 20Manipur 14 9 14 8 15 3 4 2 4 3 4 0 10 7 10 5 11 3 14 15 9Meghalaya 24 5 26 6 14 8 7 9 8 4 5 6 16 6 18 2 9 2 55 58 37Mizoram 17 1 21 1 13 0 4 5 5 4 3 7 12 5 15 7 9 3 37 47 21Nagaland 16 8 17 0 16 0 3 6 3 7 3 3 13 2 13 3 12 7 23 24 20Odisha 20 5 21 4 15 2 8 6 9 0 6 6 11 9 12 4 8 6 61 63 43Puducherry 16 7 16 7 16 7 7 4 8 2 7 0 9 3 8 5 9 6 22 25 21Punjab 16 6 17 2 15 6 7 0 7 7 5 8 9 6 9 5 9 8 34 37 28Rajasthan 26 7 27 9 22 9 6 7 6 9 6 0 20 0 20 9 16 9 55 61 31Sikkim 17 8 18 1 16 1 5 6 5 9 3 8 12 3 12 3 12 3 30 31 19Tamil Nadu 15 9 16 0 15 8 7 6 8 2 6 9 8 3 7 8 8 9 24 25 22Tripura 14 9 15 6 11 5 5 0 4 8 5 7 9 9 10 8 5 8 27 29 19Uttar Pradesh 28 3 29 2 24 2 8 1 8 5 6 3 20 2 20 7 17 9 61 64 44Uttarakhand 19 3 20 2 16 2 6 3 6 7 5 1 13 0 13 5 11 1 38 41 25West Bengal 16 8 18 6 11 9 6 0 6 0 6 3 10 7 12 6 5 6 31 32 25CIA World Factbook demographic statistics edit nbsp Map showing the population density in India per 2011 Census 102 The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated Total population1 166 079 217 July 2009 est CIA 103 1 210 million 2011 census 104 1 389 637 446 May 2022 est 105 Rural population 62 2 male 381 668 992 female 360 948 755 Age structure 0 14 years 27 34 male 186 087 665 female 164 398 204 15 24 years 17 9 male 121 879 786 female 107 583 437 25 54 years 41 08 male 271 744 709 female 254 834 569 55 64 years 7 45 male 47 846 122 female 47 632 532 65 years 6 24 male 37 837 801 female 42 091 086 2017 est Median age Total 28 7 yearsMale 28 yearsfemale 29 5 years 2020 est 106 Population growth rate 0 67 2022 est 107 Literacy rate74 age 7 and above in 2011 108 81 4 total population age 15 25 in 2006 109 Per cent of population below poverty line 22 2006 est Unemployment rate 7 8 Net migration rate 0 00 migrant s 1 000 population 2020 est 106 Sex ratio At birth 1 12 male s female Under 10 years 1 13 male s female 15 24 years 1 13 male s female 24 64 years 1 06 male s female 65 years and over 0 9 male s female Total population 1 08 male s female 2017 est Life expectancy at birth Total population 69 7 years Male 68 4 years Female 71 2 years 2020 est 106 Total fertility rate 2 35 2020 est 106 110 111 The TFR total number of children born per women by religion in 2005 2006 was Hindus 2 7 Muslims 3 1 Christians 2 4 and Sikhs 2 0 112 Religious Composition Hindus 79 5 Muslims 15 Christian 2 3 Sikh 1 7 other and unspecified 2 2011 est 106 113 114 115 116 Scheduled castes and tribes Scheduled castes 16 6 2011 census 117 118 scheduled tribes 8 6 2011 census LanguagesSee Languages of India and List of languages by number of native speakers in India There are 216 languages with more than 10 000 native speakers in India The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million and the second largest is Bengali with 238 million 22 languages are recognised as official languages In India there are 1 652 languages and dialects in total 119 120 Caste Tribe editCaste and community statistics as recorded from Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission SEBC or Mandal Commission of 1979 This was completed in 1983 India has chosen not to officially count caste population since then The following data are from the Mandal report citation needed Caste Tribe demographics 1983 Caste Tribe population percentage notesTotal population 731 000 000 100 Margin of error 0 34 Scheduled castes and tribes 164 913 600 22 56 Scheduled castes 110 015 500 15 05 Scheduled tribes 54 898 100 7 51 Non OBC SC ST Hindu castes communities 128 509 800 17 58 Brahmin including Bhumihar 40 351 200 5 52 Kshtriya Rajput 28 509 000 3 90 Maratha 16 155 100 2 21 Jats 7 310 000 1 Vaishya Bania etc 13 742 800 1 88 Kayasthas 7 821 700 1 07 Others 14 620 000 2 Non Hindu communities and groups 121 346 000 16 6 Non Hindu scheduled and OBCMuslim Non S T 81 798 900 11 19 0 02 Christian Non S T 15 789 600 2 16 0 44 Sikh Non scheduled 12 207 700 1 67 0 22 Buddhist Non S T 4 897 700 0 67 0 03 Jain Non scheduled 3 435 700 0 47 Other backward classes and communities OBC 380 120 000 52 OBC is a derived figureHindu OBC 318 716 000 43 60 Non Hindu OBC 61 404 000 8 40 52 of Non HindusEthnic groups editSee also South Asian ethnic groups Ethnic relations in India Caste system in India Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia and Languages of India The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India 121 but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes see list of Scheduled Tribes in India According to a 2009 study published by Reich et al the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent and heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times about 1 200 3 500 BP known as Ancestral North Indians ANI and Ancestral South Indians ASI ASI corresponds to the Dravidian speaking population of southern India whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo Aryan speaking population of northern India 122 123 700 000 people from the United States of any race live in India 18 Between 300 000 and 1 million Anglo Indians live in India 124 For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India as well as neighbouring countries see South Asian ethnic groups Linguistic groups in India chart 125 126 Indo Aryan 75 Dravidian 20 Kolarian Tibeto Burman Khasi Tai and others 5 Genetics editSee also Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia Y chromosome DNA edit 127 Y Chromosome DNA Y DNA represents the male lineage The Indian Y chromosome pool may be summarised as follows where haplogroups R M420 H R2 L and NOP comprise generally more than 80 of the total chromosomes 128 H 30 R1a 34 R2 15 L 10 NOP 10 Excluding R Other Haplogroups 15 Mitochondrial DNA edit 129 Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage The Indian mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of Haplogroup M 130 Haplogroup M 60 Haplogroup UK 15 Haplogroup N 25 Excluding UK Autosomal DNA edit nbsp Tripuri children preparing for a dance performance The Tripuris are a Tibeto Burman ethnic group Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to seek insights into India s demographic and cultural diversity These studies paint a complex and conflicting picture In a 2003 study Basu Majumder et al have concluded on the basis of results obtained from mtDNA Y chromosome and autosomal markers that 1 there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small 2 the tribal and the caste populations are highly differentiated 3 the Austroasiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India providing support to one anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others 4 a major wave of humans entered India through the northeast 5 the Tibeto Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austroasiatic tribals supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China but the two groups of tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y chromosomal haplotypes 6 the Dravidian speaking populations were possibly widespread throughout India but are regulated to South India now 7 formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations 8 the upper castes show closer genetic affinities with Central Asian populations although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern India 9 historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or sociocultural affinities 131 In a later 2010 review article Majumder affirms some of these conclusions introduces and revises some other The ongoing studies concludes Majumder suggest India has served as the major early corridor for geographical dispersal of modern humans from out of Africa The archaeological and genetic traces of the earliest settlers in India has not provided any conclusive evidence The tribal populations of India are older than the non tribal populations The autosomal differentiation and genetic diversity within India s caste populations at 0 04 is significantly lower than 0 14 for continental populations and 0 09 for 31 world population sets studied by Watkins et al suggesting that while tribal populations were differentiated the differentiation effects within India s caste population was less than previously thought Majumder also concludes that recent studies suggest India has been a major contributor to the gene pool of southeast Asia 132 133 Another study covering a large sample of Indian populations allowed Watkins et al to examine eight Indian caste groups and four endogamous south Indian tribal populations The Indian castes data show low between group differences while the tribal Indian groups show relatively high between group differentiation This suggests that people between Indian castes were not reproductively isolated while Indian tribal populations experienced reproductive isolation and drift Furthermore the genetic fixation index data show historical genetic differentiation and segregation between Indian castes population is much smaller than those found in east Asia Africa and other continental populations while being similar to the genetic differentiation and segregation observed in European populations 133 In 2006 Sahoo et al reported their analysis of genomic data on 936 Y chromosomes representing 32 tribal and 45 caste groups from different regions of India These scientists find that the haplogroup frequency distribution across the country between different caste groups was found to be predominantly driven by geographical rather than cultural determinants They conclude there is clear evidence for both large scale immigration into ancient India of Sino Tibetan speakers and language change of former Austroasiatic speakers in the northeast Indian region 134 135 The genome studies conducted up until 2010 have been on relatively small population sets Many are from just one southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh including Telangana which was part of the state until June 2014 Thus any conclusions on demographic history of India must be interpreted with caution A larger national genome study with demographic growth and sex ratio balances may offer further insights on the extent of genetic differentiation and segregation in India over the millenniums 132 Charts editGraphs are unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues See also editCensus in British India Culture of India Non resident Indian and Overseas Citizen of India Demographics of Central Asia Female foeticide in India Hinduism in India Jainism in India Sikhism in India Islam in India Christianity in India Judaism in India Zoroastrianism in India Irreligion in India Government edit 2011 Census of India National Commission on PopulationLists edit List of states and union territories of India by fertility rate List of states and union territories of India by population List of cities in India by population List of metropolitan areas in India List of million plus urban agglomerations in IndiaNotes edit includes Bihari languages Bajri Rajasthani languages Pahari Awadhi language Bagheli Baghel Khan Language Banjari Language A total of 12 types References edit India overtakes China to become world s most populous country The Guardian 24 April 2023 a b c d e f Population amp Demography Data Explorer Our World in Data Retrieved 31 May 2023 Data Warehouse a b c d e SOUTH ASIAN INDIA Central Intelligence Agency Retrieved 11 April 2023 UN Population Census Estimats Marriner Katie India is overtaking China today as the world s most populous country according to this projection MarketWatch Retrieved 15 April 2023 India to overtake China as world s most populous country in April 2023 United Nations projects United Nations 24 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 India overtakes China to become world s most populous nation with 1 428 billion people UN The Economic Times 20 April 2023 ISSN 0013 0389 Retrieved 1 August 2023 India overtakes China to become world s most populous nation with 1 428 billion people UN The Economic Times 20 April 2023 ISSN 0013 0389 Retrieved 1 August 2023 Rick Gladstone 29 July 2015 India Will Be Most Populous Country Sooner Than Thought U N Says The New York Times Archived from the original on 3 January 2022 Retrieved 7 November 2016 United States Census Bureau International Data Base IDB Census gov Archived from the original on 25 June 2011 Retrieved 24 September 2011 Population growth annual World Bank Retrieved 20 January 2015 Median age The World Factbook cia gov Retrieved 16 May 2022 Basu Kaushik 25 July 2007 India s demographic dividend BBC News Retrieved 24 September 2011 India s population growth will come to an end the number of children has already peaked Our World in Data Retrieved 28 May 2021 US Department of State 17 April 2012 Background Note India SIL International Ethnologue report for Language Isolate Retrieved 11 October 2007 a b The United States and India Prosperity Through Partnership 26 October 2020 Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 Country Profile India PDF Library of Congress Federal Research Division Archived from the original PDF on 24 March 2009 Population PDF Government of India 2011 Census of India Archived from the original PDF on 10 January 2012 Sex Ratio Trend over Century in India Open Governance India Knoema Archived from the original on 16 January 2018 Retrieved 16 January 2018 Angus Maddison The World Economy Historical Statistics Statistical Appendix 2007 ggdc net Estimates cited are for the beginning of the 1st millennium year 0 the beginning of the 2nd millennium year 1000 and for the beginning each century since the 16th years 1820 and 1913 are given for the 19th and 20th century respectively as Maddison presents detailed estimates for these years and a projection for the year 2030 Maddison 27 July 2016 Growth of World Population GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820 PDF a b c Angus Maddison 2001 The World Economy A Millennial Perspective pages 241 242 OECD Development Centre Colin Clark 1977 Population Growth and Land Use Springer Science Business Media p 64 ISBN 9781349157754 a b c d e f Angus Maddison 2001 The World Economy A Millennial Perspective page 236 OECD Development Centre John D Durand 1974 Historical Estimates of World Population An Evaluation University of Pennsylvania Population Center Analytical and Technical Reports Number 10 page 9 Sing C Chew J 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843S doi 10 1073 pnas 0507714103 PMC 1347984 PMID 16415161 Artis Zelmenis 2014 Immigration for Indians to Europe history amp law Immigration World Guru 1 1 10 24 Bibliography editArnold David Pandemic India From Cholera to Covid 19 Oxford University Press 2022 online review Chakravorty Swastika Srinivas Goli and Kuriath S James Family demography in India Emerging patterns and its challenges Sage Open 11 2 2021 21582440211008178 onlineChamie Joseph Mirkin Barry August 2017 Busting at the seams India is unprepared for a near future when it will be the world s most populous country Joseph Chamie is former director of the United Nations Population Division and Barry Mirkin is former chief of the Population Policy Section of the United Nations Population Division Chandrasekhar S and Ajay Sharma Urbanization and spatial patterns of internal migration in India Spatial demography 3 2 2015 63 89 onlineSekher T V Rural demography of India in International handbook of rural demography Springer Dordrecht 2012 pp 169 189 Smith Robert D and Mohandas K Mallath History of the growing burden of cancer in India from antiquity to the 21st century Journal of Global Oncology 5 2019 1 15 onlineMedieval IndiaLal K S 1978 Growth of Muslim population in medieval India A D 1000 1800 Delhi Research Publications Lal K S 1995 Growth of scheduled tribes and castes in medieval India New Delhi Aditya Prakashan External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Demographics of India Census of India government site with detailed data from 2001 census Population of India as per Census India 2011 Census of India map generator generates maps based on 2001 census figures Demographic data for India provides sources of demographic data for India 2001 maps provides maps of social economic and demographic data of India in 2001 Population of India 2011 map distribution of population amongst states and union territories India s Demographic Outlook Implications and Trends World Population Prospects Country Profile India Aggregated demographic statistics from Indian and global data sources Demographic statistics for India online on Bluenomics India comparing with China population projection graph Based on data from database of UN Population Division Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Demographics of India amp oldid 1182684231, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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