Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures.[1] The majority of petroleum is converted to petroleum products, which includes several classes of fuels.[2]
According to the composition of the crude oil and depending on the demands of the market, refineries can produce different shares of petroleum products. The largest share of oil products is used as "energy carriers", i.e. various grades of fuel oil and gasoline. These fuels include or can be blended to give gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, heating oil, and heavier fuel oils. Heavier (less volatile) fractions can also be used to produce asphalt, tar, paraffin wax, lubricating and other heavy oils. Refineries also produce other chemicals, some of which are used in chemical processes to produce plastics and other useful materials. Since petroleum often contains a few percent sulfur-containing molecules, elemental sulfur is also often produced as a petroleum product. Carbon, in the form of petroleum coke, and hydrogen may also be produced as petroleum products. The hydrogen produced is often used as an intermediate product for other oil refinery processes such as hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization.
A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil[3]
Oil refineries will blend various feedstocks, mix appropriate additives, provide short-term storage, and prepare for bulk loading to trucks, barges, product ships, and railcars.[4]
Gasses like propane and methane are stored within petroleum.
Liquid fuels blending (producing automotive and aviation grades of gasoline, kerosene, various aviation turbine fuels, and diesel fuels, adding dyes, detergents, antiknock additives, oxygenates, and anti-fungal compounds as required). Shipped by barge, rail, and tanker ship. May be shipped regionally in dedicated pipelines to point consumers, particularly aviation jet fuel to major airports, or piped to distributors in multi-product pipelines using product separators called pipeline inspection gauges ("pigs").
Lubricants (produces light machine oils, motor oils, and greases, adding viscosity stabilizers as required), usually shipped in bulk to an offsite packaging plant.
Paraffin wax, used in illumination (candlewax) and other uses. May be shipped in bulk to a site to prepare as packaged blocks.
Slack wax, a raw refinery output comprising a mixture of oil and wax used as a precursor for scale wax and paraffin wax and as-is in non-food products such as wax emulsions, construction board, matches, candles, rust protection, and vapour barriers.
Bulk tar shipping for offsite unit packaging for use in tar-and-gravel roofing or similar uses.
Asphalt, used as a binder for gravel to form asphalt concrete, which is used for paving roads, lots, etc. An asphalt unit prepares bulk asphalt for shipment.
^Walther W. Irion, Otto S. Neuwirth, "Oil Refining" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_051
^U.S. Energy Information Administration > Petroleum > Navigator > Refinery Yield
^de Oliveira, Angélica Amaral; da Silva, Verônica Lima; de Aguiar Pontes, Danilo; Almeida, Daniel Freire; Silva, Domingos Sérgio Araújo; Ferreira, José Marcos Moreira; Santos, Ronaldo Costa; Urquieta-Gonzalez, Ernesto Antonio; Pontes, Luiz Antônio Magalhães (2021-01-02). "Mesoporous HBeta zeolites application in the desulfurization of 2-methylthiophene". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 132: 401–416. doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01921-6. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 230109968.
^Gallegos-Hernández, Anayeli Yazmín; Martínez-Rosales, Merced; Rico, José L.; Avalos-Borja, M. (2020-11-27). "Improvement in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over supported NiMoW catalysts". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 132: 317–330. doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01909-2. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 227180445.
^Rodriguez, Mildred; Pinto-Castilla, Susana; Morgado-Vargas, Myloa; Betancourt, Paulino (2020-10-01). "Influence of arsenic on light cycle oil hydrodesulfurization over a CoMo catalyst". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 131 (1): 199–211. doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01856-y. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 221401324.
^ abSaito, Hikaru; Sekine, Yasushi (2020-06-02). "Catalytic conversion of ethane to valuable products through non-oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization". RSC Advances. 10 (36): 21427–21453. doi:10.1039/D0RA03365K. ISSN 2046-2069. PMC9054567. PMID 35518732.
^Csepei, Lénárd-István (2011). Kinetic studies of propane oxidation on Mo and V based mixed oxide catalysts. Berlin. doi:10.14279/depositonce-2972.
^Naumann d'Alnoncourt, Raoul; Csepei, Lénárd-István; Hävecker, Michael; Girgsdies, Frank; Schuster, Manfred E.; Schlögl, Robert; Trunschke, Annette (2014). "The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase-pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts". J. Catal. 311: 369–385. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.12.008. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-F434-5.
^Hävecker, Michael; Wrabetz, Sabine; Kröhnert, Jutta; Csepei, Lenard-Istvan; Naumann d'Alnoncourt, Raoul; Kolen'Ko, Yury V.; Girgsdies, Frank; Schlögl, Robert; Trunschke, Annette (2012). "Surface chemistry of phase-pure M1 MoVTeNb oxide during operation in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid". J. Catal. 285: 48–60. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2011.09.012. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-1BEB-F.
^Li, Guixian; Wu, Chao; Ji, Dong; Dong, Peng; Zhang, Yongfu; Yang, Yong (2020-04-01). "Acidity and catalyst performance of two shape-selective HZSM-5 catalysts for alkylation of toluene with methanol". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 129 (2): 963–974. doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01732-9. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 213601465.
^Horňáček, Michal; Hudec, Pavol; Jorík, Vladimír; Čaplovičová, Mária; Čaplovič, Ľubomír; Kaliňák, Michal; Smiešková, Agáta (2020-12-01). "Dehydroaromatization of methane over Mo/ZSM-5 zeolites: influence of aluminum distribution in the crystals". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 131 (2): 889–904. doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01887-5. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 222317054.
Media related to Petroleum by-products at Wikimedia Commons
January 07, 2023
petroleum, product, materials, derived, from, crude, petroleum, processed, refineries, unlike, petrochemicals, which, collection, well, defined, usually, pure, organic, compounds, petroleum, products, complex, mixtures, majority, petroleum, converted, petroleu. Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil petroleum as it is processed in oil refineries Unlike petrochemicals which are a collection of well defined usually pure organic compounds petroleum products are complex mixtures 1 The majority of petroleum is converted to petroleum products which includes several classes of fuels 2 A petrochemical refinery in Grangemouth Scotland According to the composition of the crude oil and depending on the demands of the market refineries can produce different shares of petroleum products The largest share of oil products is used as energy carriers i e various grades of fuel oil and gasoline These fuels include or can be blended to give gasoline jet fuel diesel fuel heating oil and heavier fuel oils Heavier less volatile fractions can also be used to produce asphalt tar paraffin wax lubricating and other heavy oils Refineries also produce other chemicals some of which are used in chemical processes to produce plastics and other useful materials Since petroleum often contains a few percent sulfur containing molecules elemental sulfur is also often produced as a petroleum product Carbon in the form of petroleum coke and hydrogen may also be produced as petroleum products The hydrogen produced is often used as an intermediate product for other oil refinery processes such as hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil 3 Contents 1 Specialty and by products 2 Petroleum by products 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksSpecialty and by products EditOil refineries will blend various feedstocks mix appropriate additives provide short term storage and prepare for bulk loading to trucks barges product ships and railcars 4 Gasses like propane and methane are stored within petroleum Liquid fuels blending producing automotive and aviation grades of gasoline kerosene various aviation turbine fuels and diesel fuels adding dyes detergents antiknock additives oxygenates and anti fungal compounds as required Shipped by barge rail and tanker ship May be shipped regionally in dedicated pipelines to point consumers particularly aviation jet fuel to major airports or piped to distributors in multi product pipelines using product separators called pipeline inspection gauges pigs Lubricants produces light machine oils motor oils and greases adding viscosity stabilizers as required usually shipped in bulk to an offsite packaging plant Paraffin wax used in illumination candle wax and other uses May be shipped in bulk to a site to prepare as packaged blocks Slack wax a raw refinery output comprising a mixture of oil and wax used as a precursor for scale wax and paraffin wax and as is in non food products such as wax emulsions construction board matches candles rust protection and vapour barriers Sulfur by product of sulfur removal 5 6 7 from petroleum which contain percent of organosulfur compounds Bulk tar shipping for offsite unit packaging for use in tar and gravel roofing or similar uses Asphalt used as a binder for gravel to form asphalt concrete which is used for paving roads lots etc An asphalt unit prepares bulk asphalt for shipment Petroleum coke used in specialty carbon products such as certain types of electrodes or as solid fuel Petrochemicals or petrochemical feedstocks such as ethylene 8 propylene acrylic acid 9 10 11 and benzene toluene xylenes 8 12 13 BTX and others These organic compounds are turned into polymers plastics and pharmaceuticals among others Petroleum by products EditOver 6 000 items are made from petroleum waste by products including fertilizer flooring floor covering perfume insecticide petroleum jelly soap vitamins and some essential amino acids 14 Gallery Edit Sample of crude oil petroleum Cylinders of liquified petroleum gas Sample of gasoline Sample of kerosene Sample of diesel fuel Motor oil Pile of asphalt covered aggregate for formation into asphalt concrete Bitumen petroleum products Sulfur Different productsReferences Edit Standard Handbook Oil Spill Environmental Forensics 2016 doi 10 1016 c2015 0 00228 3 ISBN 9780128038321 Walther W Irion Otto S Neuwirth Oil Refining in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005 Wiley VCH Weinheim doi 10 1002 14356007 a18 051 U S Energy Information Administration gt Petroleum gt Navigator gt Refinery Yield Pan oil panoil in Retrieved 2020 10 09 de Oliveira Angelica Amaral da Silva Veronica Lima de Aguiar Pontes Danilo Almeida Daniel Freire Silva Domingos Sergio Araujo Ferreira Jose Marcos Moreira Santos Ronaldo Costa Urquieta Gonzalez Ernesto Antonio Pontes Luiz Antonio Magalhaes 2021 01 02 Mesoporous HBeta zeolites application in the desulfurization of 2 methylthiophene Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis 132 401 416 doi 10 1007 s11144 020 01921 6 ISSN 1878 5204 S2CID 230109968 Gallegos Hernandez Anayeli Yazmin Martinez Rosales Merced Rico Jose L Avalos Borja M 2020 11 27 Improvement in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over supported NiMoW catalysts Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis 132 317 330 doi 10 1007 s11144 020 01909 2 ISSN 1878 5204 S2CID 227180445 Rodriguez Mildred Pinto Castilla Susana Morgado Vargas Myloa Betancourt Paulino 2020 10 01 Influence of arsenic on light cycle oil hydrodesulfurization over a CoMo catalyst Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis 131 1 199 211 doi 10 1007 s11144 020 01856 y ISSN 1878 5204 S2CID 221401324 a b Saito Hikaru Sekine Yasushi 2020 06 02 Catalytic conversion of ethane to valuable products through non oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization RSC Advances 10 36 21427 21453 doi 10 1039 D0RA03365K ISSN 2046 2069 PMC 9054567 PMID 35518732 Csepei Lenard Istvan 2011 Kinetic studies of propane oxidation on Mo and V based mixed oxide catalysts Berlin doi 10 14279 depositonce 2972 Naumann d Alnoncourt Raoul Csepei Lenard Istvan Havecker Michael Girgsdies Frank Schuster Manfred E Schlogl Robert Trunschke Annette 2014 The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts J Catal 311 369 385 doi 10 1016 j jcat 2013 12 008 hdl 11858 00 001M 0000 0014 F434 5 Havecker Michael Wrabetz Sabine Krohnert Jutta Csepei Lenard Istvan Naumann d Alnoncourt Raoul Kolen Ko Yury V Girgsdies Frank Schlogl Robert Trunschke Annette 2012 Surface chemistry of phase pure M1 MoVTeNb oxide during operation in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid J Catal 285 48 60 doi 10 1016 j jcat 2011 09 012 hdl 11858 00 001M 0000 0012 1BEB F Li Guixian Wu Chao Ji Dong Dong Peng Zhang Yongfu Yang Yong 2020 04 01 Acidity and catalyst performance of two shape selective HZSM 5 catalysts for alkylation of toluene with methanol Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis 129 2 963 974 doi 10 1007 s11144 020 01732 9 ISSN 1878 5204 S2CID 213601465 Hornacek Michal Hudec Pavol Jorik Vladimir Caplovicova Maria Caplovic Ľubomir Kalinak Michal Smieskova Agata 2020 12 01 Dehydroaromatization of methane over Mo ZSM 5 zeolites influence of aluminum distribution in the crystals Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis 131 2 889 904 doi 10 1007 s11144 020 01887 5 ISSN 1878 5204 S2CID 222317054 144 of 6000 petroleum by productsExternal links Edit Media related to Petroleum by products at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Petroleum product amp oldid 1129583447, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
