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Yoo Byung-eun

February 16, 2024

Yoo Byung-eun (Korean: 유병언; Hanja: 兪炳彥) was a South Korean businessman, inventor, religious leader, and photographer. He was also known by his art name Ahae.[3]

Yoo Byung-eun
Born11 February 1941
Kyoto, Empire of Japan
Died12 June 2014 (aged 73)
Suncheon, South Korea
NationalitySouth Korean
Other names"Ahae", "The Millionaire with no Face"
Alma materSeonggwang High School
Occupation(s)Pastor,[1] inventor, businessman, photographer
Known forMV Sewol
Korean name
Hangul
유병언
Hanja
兪炳彥[2]
Revised RomanizationYu Byeongeon
McCune–ReischauerYu Pyŏngŏn
Websitewww.ahae.com
www.ahaenews.com
In this Korean name, the family name is Yoo.

Yoo became the focus of Park Geun-hye's administration shortly after the sinking of MV Sewol in April 2014. Yoo and other Korean nationals were used as scapegoats in a nation-wide propaganda campaign designed to manage public opinion after the disaster.[4][5] In official documents from the Blue House, the Defense Security Command (DSC) identified Yoo as a target to distract the public from its dissent over the Korean Coast Guard's failure to rescue passengers from the ferry.[6][7] Yoo, who retired from his board position at Chonghaejin in 1997, was targeted in official communications prior to the conclusion of any investigation to manage public outrage and maintain government stability.[7][8] During the campaign to find and discredit Yoo, the government purposely fed several large media companies information designed to focus public interest onto the manhunt for Yoo instead of the cause of the ferry sinking. In addition, the DSC performed illegal wiretaps, which has drawn comparisons to 2002 National Intelligence Service illegal wiretapping scandal.[9] After a nationwide manhunt that was broadly reported on, Yoo's body was found in an orchard, the cause of death not known.[10]

Early life and education edit

Yoo was born in Kyoto, Japan to Korean parents on 11 February 1941.[11] Yoo's family returned to Korea following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945 and settled in Daegu, where Yoo graduated from Seonggwang High School.[12]

Career edit

Religious call edit

According to the U.S.-based non-profit organization Evangelical Media Group created by Yoo in 2001,[13] "he first began to live for the sake of the gospel in 1961," and that he "worked as an inventor and businessman to support the spreading of the gospel all over the world".[14] Yoo was one of 11 students admitted to the Good News Mission Bible school established in Korea by American and English missionaries, but he was expelled.[15] He founded what later became the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea, also known as the Salvation Sect,[16] in 1962 with his father-in-law, Pastor Kwon Shin-chan (권신찬; 1923–96).[17][18] The church was held to be a cult by a conservative Christian denomination, the General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches, in 1992.[19]

Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp. edit

Yoo, while still serving as a pastor, got his start in business when acquiring the bankrupt textile company Samwoo Trading Co. (삼우무역) in 1976.[20][21] He took over as CEO in 1978, and turned it into a toy manufacturing and export company.[22][23] Yoo went into shipping when he founded Semo Corp. (주식회사 세모) in 1979,[24] a holding company that came to span shipping, shipbuilding, domestic ferry businesses, electronics, real estate, cosmetics, paint, stuffed toys, pewter, and various other ventures.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Semo started operating ferries on Seoul's Han River in 1986, two years before the city held the Summer Olympics.[32][33][34]

Odaeyang mass suicide edit

Yoo came to public attention in connection with the Odaeyang mass suicide in 1987. Police were investigating accusations against a 48-year-old woman, Park Soon-ja, saying that she had swindled ₩8.9 billion (~US$8.7 million) from about 220 people.[35][36] Odeyang Trading Co. was a firm that established by Park who used to attend Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea and Jehovah's Witnesses in the past.[37] Yoo has denied any link to the group.[38] On 29 August 1987, thirty-two members of the sect who believed in doomsday, including Park Soon-ja and her three children, were found dead, bound and gagged.[39][40] Police assumed the event was a murder–suicide pact, and the prosecution initially suspected that Yoo was linked to the case;[41][42] but he was never charged, and the police closed the case as a mass suicide.[43][44][45][46] After six people, including a former follower of Park named Kim Do-hyun,[47] surrendered to authorities on 10 July 1991,[48] the case was reopened and found money transactions between Odaeyang Trading Co. and a member of Evangelical Baptist Church. However, the money transactions revealed that they had nothing to do with Odaeyang Trading Co. case, and private loan of Odaeyang Trading Co. Those were normal payment remittances of goods between Park and the member of Evangelical Baptist Church before establishment of Odaeyang Trading Co.[49][50][51] Yoo was arrested and, in 1992, convicted of "habitual fraud under the mask of religion" for his role in colluding with one of his employees to collect donations from church members in the amount of ₩1.2 billion (~US$1.15 million) and invest them in his businesses. He served a 4-year prison term.[52][53][54][55][56][57] In November 2014, report says Incheon District Prosecutor's Office confirm in May there was no connection between Yoo and Odaeyang incident.[58][59]

Semo Corp. bankruptcy edit

By 1990, Semo Corp. had 1,800 employees,[60] but the ferry businesses suffered maritime accidents. In 1990, 14 Semo workers were killed when their cruise ship on the Han River was hit by another ship.[52][61] The company was cleared of any liability for the incident.[32] Semo grew into the biggest ferry operator by 1994, operating 30 ships,[62][63][64] and once had nearly 3,000 employees.[29]

Semo Group filed for bankruptcy with more than ₩300 billion (~US$294 million) in debts amidst the 1997 Asian financial crisis, in the wake of a series of highly publicized scandals, citing business diversification as the cause of a cash shortage that had fuelled a rise in debts in its bankruptcy protection petition, and was liquidated.[32][57][65]

After Semo's bankruptcy, Yoo's family continued to operate ferry businesses under the names of other companies, including one that eventually became Chonghaejin Marine, and grew to become the monopolistic operator of ferries linking Incheon and Jeju.[66][67][68]

Chonghaejin Marine Company Ltd. was set up two years later on 24 February 1999, a day before a court approved the restructuring of the bankrupt Semo, and became a key entity to consolidate Semo's shipping business, taking over ships and assets held by Semo Marine, and had its debts written off.[19][32][65][68][69][70]

Other ventures edit

According to Chaebul.com, an online information provider on large businesses, Yoo and his family own 30 business operators, with 13 doing business abroad such as in the U.S., Hong Kong and France. Their combined assets amount to some ₩500 billion (~US$480 million).[65] The collective assets of the 13 overseas operations surged to ₩166.5 billion (~US$158 million) at the end of 2013.[70] In France in 2012, Yoo made headlines prior to his photo exhibition in the Tuileries Garden at The Louvre when he through his public relations company, Ahae Press, bought the abandoned village of Courbefy for €520,000 (US$663,000, ₩767.5 million).[71][72][73][74][75] Yoo had seen it on CNN,[76] and wanted to set up an "environmental, artistic and cultural" project in the village.[77][78][79] Yoo has a wide range of other business interests according to official documents and information on company websites.[14] He owns a plantation in the United States called 123Farm,[80][81] one of the largest organic lavender farms in California started in 2001 at the site of the Highland Springs Resort,[82] a 2,400 acres (970 ha; 3.8 sq mi) property consisting of a 56-room hotel, conference center, and restaurants. Yoo was chairman of the board of the company that bought the resort in May 1990 for US$6.75 million.[83] I-One-I Holdings subsidiary Dapanda owns 9.9 percent of the Highland Springs Conference and Training Centre at the resort, according to regulatory filings.[84][85]

Inventions edit

As an inventor, Yoo holds multiple patents, one being for a colonic irrigation system,[86] for which he received an International Federation of Inventors' Associations' prize at the 2006 Seoul International Invention Fair.[87] The invention is marketed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Germany, South Korea, Philippines, and Malaysia by NaeClear,[88] and is sold in South Korea by the company Dapanda. It "arose from the concept of Hemato-Centric Health, which revolves around the blood as being the center of life." supposedly a concept created by Yoo and his non-profit research organization Hemato-Centric Life Institute (New York) chaired by his younger son Keith H. Yoo (Yoo Hyuk-kee, 유혁기; born 1972);[89][90] sponsored by NaeClear Co., Ltd. and daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design Inc., Yoo delivered keynote speeches at the 2010–13 Hemato-Centric Life Forum meetings in Seoul organized by Hemato-Centric Life Foundation.[91][92][93]

Ahae edit

Ahae (아해), which means "child" in old Korean language, was a nickname used in reference to Yoo in correspondence on an Evangelical Baptist Church website EBC World.[94] Through his PR companies Ahae Press, Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, Yoo has exhibited and marketed himself as the photographer who goes by the name Ahae.[95][84] Yoo was unknown as a photographer before 2011.[96][97][98][99]

The project titled Through My Window began in early spring 2009 and continued for 4 years, during which time Yoo allegedly took about 2.7 million photographs, all through one window, which equates to a rate of roughly one photo every 60 seconds. The collection mainly consists of natural scenes shot through the window of Yoo's own studio. The location is the rural commune belonging to the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Geumsuwon" (금수원) east of Anseong south of Seoul, where Yoo lived.[100][101]

Yoo first exhibited Through My Window in the Vanderbilt Hall of Grand Central Terminal, New York City, in April 2011; co-produced by daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design, it was organized by Hemato-Centric Life Institute,[102] and sponsored by Highland Springs Resort[103] and Bear Family Green Club.[104][105][106] His exhibition Through My Window: Vibrancy and Serenity was on display on the same location in October 2011.[107][108] Yoo did not attend the exhibition that was unveiled by his second son, Yoo Hyuk-kee, known outside South Korea as Keith H. Yoo.[109] Keith, as CEO of Ahae Press, curated his father's exhibitions.[110][111][112][113]

As a travelling exhibition, Through My Window was then on display in Europe at the National Gallery in Prague,[114] Clarence House Gardens, Lancaster House, and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London,[115][116] Vremena Goda Galleries in Moscow,[110][117] Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia in Florence,[118][119] and in Magazzini del Sale, Venice.[120]

 
"Ahae" etched in stone at the Louvre in Paris, as one of its patrons.[121][122][123]

From June to August 2012, Through My Window (De ma fenêtre) was displayed in a 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2), four-story bespoke exhibition pavilion erected in the Tuileries Garden, that is administratively attached to The Louvre, in Paris.[124][125][126] English film composer Ilan Eshkeri was commissioned to write a twelve-part tone poem. Pre-recorded in Abbey Road Studios by the London Metropolitan Orchestra the 46 minutes composition played alongside the exhibition, and was later released on Blu-ray Disc.[127][128][129][130] For the gala dinner in the exhibition pavilion on 25 June 2012 Keith H. Yoo had commissioned British composer Michael Nyman to write a 26 minutes long piano quintet in four movements titled Through the Only Window. The work was subsequently recorded by Nyman Quintet in the Abbey Road Studios, and released on Nyman's record label.[131][132][133] Hervé Barbaret, deputy to former director of The Louvre Henri Loyrette, disclosed to L'Express in 2014 that "The Louvre did not pay a penny to organize this event. The artist paid the production entirely and paid a little more than €500,000 (~US$700.000, ~₩700 million) to exhibit himself in the Tuileries".[134] Ahae further donated €1.1 million (~US$1.5 million, ~₩1.5 billion) to the Louvre.[135][136][137][138]

French magazine A nous Paris in its 25 June 2012 edition asked Keith H. Yoo the question: "The exhibition is a significant cost. Do you have any sponsors?" To which Keith answered: "No. We are funding everything with the money from our different companies. We are not interested in outside pressure and want to enjoy total freedom."[139]

For his second solo exhibition in France, Fenêtre sur l'extraordinaire (Window on the Extraordinary), Ahae rented the Orangerie Hall of the Palace of Versailles from 25 June to 9 September 2013.[140][141][142] To mark the end of the exhibition, Michael Nyman was again commissioned, and wrote a 32-minute symphony in four movements for the occasion, Symphony No. 6 "AHAE", representing the four seasons in nature as depicted by Ahae. French composer Nicolas Bacri was commissioned to write a 29-minute symphonic piece, his opus 130, titled "Ahae's Day (Four Images for Orchestra)". The London Symphony Orchestra was hired to premiere both pieces at L'Opéra of the Palace of Versailles in Paris on 8 September 2013.[143] Both pieces were recorded for a planned future release.[144][145][146] Ahae was the sole patron of the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau (Water Theatre Grove) (fr) currently being recreated with sculptures by Jean-Michel Othoniel in the area of the Gardens of Versailles, donating €1.4 million (~US$1.9 million, ~₩1.9 billion).[135][147][148][149] Catherine Pégard, head of the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles who administer the Palace of Versailles, disclosed that the exhibition was on a sponsorship basis, saying "The artist himself wanted to rent the Orangerie. But we never communicate the numbers." Spurred by investigative reporting initially published by Bernard Hasquenoph, French Le Monde and British The Times wrote that Ahae gave €5 million (~US$6.8 million, ~₩6.9 billion) to Versailles.[150][151][152][153][154][155]

Financial Times in its review of the Versailles exhibition wrote:

The scene that is the subject of Ahae's images looks, on the face of it, pretty unremarkable. A couple of murky ponds sit in a field which backs on to a fairly uninteresting looking wood. But such is the focus of Ahae's gaze that the viewer comes to know the fauna on the patch – from the fierce great tits who stare defiantly into the camera to the thuggish magpies and the beleaguered egrets and herons who bow to assaults by their neighbours like ageing professors hounded by skinheads.

— Catherine Milner, The Extraordinary within the Ordinary, Versailles – review, Financial Times[111]

The Economist wrote:

At first glance, the view from Ahae's window appears unimpressive. Yet these images reward patience. Ahae's forensic attention to detail reveals the stoicism, dignity and minor dramas of the animals going about their daily business, and raises these pictures to the realm of poetry.

— C.M., Nature photography in Versailles: Seoulful visions, The Economist[156]

Parisian newspapers Le Monde and Libération, several French art magazines, as well as Korean expatriates in France in an open letter on 12 June to French Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti, Catherine Pégard, president of the Château de Versailles, Henri Loyrette, ex-president of the Louvre and co-president of the French-Korean Year, and Bruno Ory-Lavollé, director of the Forest Festival in Compiègne, have raised their concerns over French cultural institutions accepting self-financed exhibitions in return for donations.[99][123][134][152][157][158][159][160][161][162] La Croix on 3 July wrote that French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius would write to Versailles to demand the termination of the Ahae sponsorship there.[163][164]

Ahae, through his company Ahae Press, was a patron of the Forest Festival, a classical music festival in the forests of Compiègne, northern France. His photographs were to be projected during a gala concert at Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne on 4 July 2014. The sponsorship commitment was €10,000 (~US$13,640, ~₩13.9 million).[165][166][167] Following the open letter on 12 June from Korean expatriates in France to, among others, Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti and the director of the Forest Festival, and subsequent talks between the festival and the Ministry of Culture, Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on 30 June gave written notice to the festival suggesting the projection should be renounced "out of sensitivity and respect for the Korean people mourning [following the sinking of Sewol], in particular the families of the young victims, and in the interest of the Festival and of France"; the projection and the sponsorship was cancelled on 2 July.[123][163][164][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175]

An Ahae exhibition produced by Ahae Press titled Les échos du temps de près et de loin (Echos of Time: Far and Near) for the opening season of the new Philharmonie de Paris was scheduled for 5 May to 28 September 2015, and a concert sponsored by Ahae Press on 15 June 2015 in Philharmonie de Paris featuring Nyman's Symphony No. 6 "Ahae" and Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" was announced; both have been cancelled.[176][177]

French newspaper La Croix in a comment to the sinking of the MV Sewol wrote:

This businessman with a murky past had used his fortune to exhibit at The Louvre. ... The crew [of the Sewol] was mainly made up of followers of the church of Yoo; temporary, often renewed and who were unfamiliar with their ship. The investigation also revealed that the owner had only spent 541,000 won ($521; €400) on crew training, including evacuation drills for its employees in 2013. Its wealthy owner had other priorities ... he used his fortune to organize worldwide exhibitions of his landscape photographs.

— Frédéric Ojardias, Corée, le scandaleux propriétaire du ferry naufragé, La Croix[178][179]

France Info commented:

In the Tuileries as at Versailles Ahae himself had financed his own exhibitions. ... In 2013, the company spent $500 in costs for training their crews, an amount that pales in comparison to the wealth of the owner of the shipping company. However, one of the main causes of the tragedy was precisely the total lack of preparation of the crew in case of disaster.

— Pierrick de Morel, Corée du Sud: qui est Yoo Byung-Eun, propriétaire du ferry naufragé?, France Info[180]
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The sinking of the Sewol edit

Main article: Sinking of the MV Sewol

The ferry Sewol capsized and sank on 16 April 2014. It was carrying 476 people, mostly secondary school students from Danwon High School who were travelling from Incheon towards Jeju.[181] The sinking resulted in 304 deaths, and is the worst ferry disaster in South Korea since 14 December 1970, when the sinking of the ferry Namyoung cost 326 people out of 338 their lives.[182][183][184] Sewol was operated by the company Chonghaejin Marine.

Ownership edit

Before his death, Yoo had widely been described as "the owner of" or "the de facto owner of" the sunken ferry Sewol, and was former chairman of Chonghaejin Marine.[14][33] Son Byong-ki, Yoo's lawyer, stated on 25 April that Yoo "has no financial ties to Chonghaejin or its subsidiaries."[185] A press release from Yoo's U.S. publicist, Ahae Press Inc., stated that "[Mr. Yoo] does not own any shares, direct or indirect, of Chonghaejin."[95] Financial filings confirmed that Yoo had no stake in the shipping company.[14]

Yoo was the head of the family who partially own Chonghaejin Marine, and is believed to have exercised influence through a web of company cross-shareholdings.[186][65][187] His two sons, Yoo Dae-kyun (유대균; born c. 1970), and second son Yoo Hyuk-kee, are controlling the shipping firm through a majority stake in the investment vehicle I-One-I Holdings as well as 13 unlisted affiliates which through a tangled web of ownership structure own each other, a structure prosecutors describe as pyramid-like, and ultimately is controlled by individuals― Yoo's two sons and seven of his friends.[17][57][69][188][189] Chung Sun-seop, editor of Chaebul.com, a website that analyses South Korea's chaebol business groups, said that "This kind of shadow management through his children or close aides is not uncommon among chaebol companies."[190]

On 23 April investigators of the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office raided the head office of Chonghaejin Marine, and some 20 offices of its affiliates, as well as the office of the Evangelical Baptist Church in Yongsan, central Seoul. Prosecutors suspected that funds from members of the religious group had been used in business operations of Chonghaejin Marine and Yoo Byung-eun.[42][191] The prosecution found more than 100 bogus companies, many of them set up and operated by followers of a Yoo's religious group, had paid Yoo and his two sons at least ₩100 billion (~US$97.1 million) for their "consulting services," and had purchased photos taken by Yoo.[192] Yoo's religious group denied cross-border transactions with affiliates of the ferry operator.[193] The Prosecution secured video footage of a lecture Yoo delivered to the sect's believers in April 2010, in which Yoo admitted to have registered properties under the names of other persons.[194]

A lawyer representing Yoo Dae-kyun and Yoo Hyuk-kee said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims."[179]

Leadership edit

Michael Ham, managing director of Ahae Press and co-director of Evangelical Media Group, in a press release 25 April 2014 said: "Mr. Yoo does not have any involvement in the management or day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine Co. ... I know that he has been spending every single day of the past four to five years focusing on his photography work."[95][135][195] Yoo's lawyer stated that Yoo had not been involved in corporate management since Semo went bankrupt in 1997.[192]

Contrary to the claims that Yoo Byung-eun was the owner and chairman of the Sewol ferry, it was later confirmed by the Press Arbitration Commission in Korea that he had retired from the executive board in 1997, had no ownership, and no involvement with the management of the ferry company.[196][197] Initially, investigators presented evidence indicating Yoo as the de facto leader of the company. One piece of evidence was a detailed list of all the company's staff prepared on 15 April 2014, a day before the sinking of the MV Sewol, which named Yoo as chairman of Chonghaejin Marine with employee number A99001, or employee No. 1 at the company, which was established in 1999.[196] They also discovered a pay stub that records a payment of ₩15 million (~US$14,700) monthly over more than a year.[198][199] They have also obtained testimony from others that Yoo was directly involved in managing the ferry operator.[196][197]

Sewol was remodeled between October 2012 and February 2013 to increase the number of passenger cabins and add a fifth floor, mainly used as an exhibition hall for photographs by Yoo (Ahae). The employee of Chonghaejin who was in charge of the refitting testified that he carried out the expansion under the direction of Yoo.[200]

On 20 May it was confirmed that the overloading and remodeling of the ship compromised its ability to maintain stability at the time of the accident.[200]

Allegations and charges edit

Based on the evidence, prosecutors concluded that Yoo was the one who directed operation and execution of business, and planned to hold Yoo vicariously liable for the acts of the operator's crew members. Accordingly, the prosecution was poised to cite "negligent homicide" in its application of criminal law against Yoo.[201][202]

Yoo was charged with embezzlement, breach of trust and tax evasion.[203] He is suspected of embezzling ₩128.9 billion (~US$125.8 million) from his companies, including ₩44.6 billion (~US$43.5 million) transferred overseas illegally, as part of a scheme to sell his nature photographs to his companies for tens of millions of won. He also owes an estimated ₩10.1 billion (~US$9.8 million) in taxes for the photos sold.[204] Prosecutors also found evidence that Yoo's family set up several paper companies with no consultants, which then collected some ₩20 billion (~US$19 million) in consulting fees from companies related to Semo Group over the last few years.[205][206] They are also looking into circumstantial evidence that Yoo's family has claimed commission fees of tens of billions of won from the related companies for the use of trademark rights for names like Sewol.[207]

On 30 June, the prosecution announced its intention to indict Yoo, irrespective of whether or not he was apprehended, citing "homicide by negligence" in the charges.[208]

Investigation edit

Yoo made no known public appearances after the Sewol sank.[209][210] Within the first week of investigation the Ministry of Justice banned Yoo, his eldest son Yoo Dae-kyun, and more than 60 other employees in various companies owned by Yoo or his sons from leaving South Korea.[69][70][179]

Son Byeong-gi, a lawyer representing both Yoo, Chonghaejin Marine, and I-One-I Holdings, said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims."[179]

The Park Geun-hye administration pledged to exercise the right to indemnity against Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine as soon as the state compensates victims' families. The combined damages from the sinking of the Sewol are estimated to reach ₩2 trillion (~US$1.9 billion).[211][212][213]

The accumulated value of the assets owned by Yoo and his family is estimated at over ₩240 billion (~US$235 million).[57][214][215] It includes an estimated ₩129.1 billion (~US$126.7 million) held by Yoo himself, ₩49.2 billion (~US$48.3 million) by eldest daughter Yoo Som-na, ₩5.6 billion (~US$5.5 million) by eldest son Yoo Dae-kyun, and ₩55.9 billion (~US$54.9 million) by the second son Yoo Hyuk-kee.[216]

Son Byeong-gi representing Yoo told the Chosun Ilbo on 24 April that reports that Yoo's assets total ₩240 billion were not true, but that Yoo had "voiced his willingness to donate his entire ₩10 billion (~US$9.8 million) estate due to his deep sorrow for those who lost their lives aboard the Sewol."[185] A prosecution official investigating Yoo's holdings said there was a "huge gap" between what the former chairman claimed he was worth and what investigators had found out so far. Son claimed on 25 April that he had been misunderstood and by ₩10 billion had meant "tens of billions" of won, and that Yoo was willing to donate his "entire" assets, whatever their size.[217] Son later resigned as lawyer for the family on 15 May.[218]

A financier of the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea was summoned for questioning on 24 April to trace deals between the sect and companies run by Yoo and his two sons.[19][219] Transcripts of land registers showed that four days later Yoo and his family signed over some 24 properties worth around ₩27 billion (~US$26 million) to the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea on 28 and 29 April.[220] On 13 May, the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office summoned Yoo to appear for questioning by 16 May,[221] but he failed to heed the call,[101][222] and was presumed hiding in the church compound Geumsuwon south of Seoul.[223] All of Yoo's children and a number of key suspects had ignored the summons.[224] Yoo failed to appear at a court hearing on 20 May.[211] On 22 May the Incheon District Court issued an arrest warrant and Korean authorities offered a ₩50 million (US$48,800) reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo.[203][52] On 25 May, the reward was raised tenfold to ₩500 million (US$488,000).[225][226]

Prosecutors warned on 24 May that anyone who helps Yoo in hiding faces up to three years in prison.[227] Four members of Yoo's religious group were arrested 25 May for assisting Yoo to escape detection by the police.[228][229] On 26 May, Yoo's religious group, in an apparent move to confuse investigators, said that Yoo might have returned early in the morning to Geumsuwon, the church commune in Anseong, Gyeonggi Province.[228] Geumsuwon is known as the main residence of Yoo.[230] A spokesperson for the sect later announced that Yoo had not returned, further saying, "We hope Yoo doesn't get arrested. A 100,000 followers will protect Yoo. Even if the entire congregation of 100,000 believers is arrested, we won't hand him over."[228][231] Lee Jae-ok, another member of Yoo's religious group, chairman of Yoo's Hemato-Centric Life Foundation,[101] and one of Yoo's close aides, was arrested on 26 May on charges of planning Yoo's life as a fugitive and helping him evade detection for weeks.[232][233]

President Park Geun-hye during a Cabinet meeting on 27 May ordered a quick arrest of the fugitive Yoo saying he and his family "is ridiculing the law and causing indignation among the people."[234] Beginning 27 May, police doubled the number of officers deployed for the search for Yoo from 24,000 to almost 50,000.[235]

Yoo Som-na edit

Yoo's eldest daughter, Yoo Som-na (유섬나; born 1966), was summoned for questioning multiple times by the prosecution, but evaded the office's investigation.[236][237] She headed the interior design and consulting firm Moreal Design with offices on New York's Park Avenue and in Seoul,[238] which has done design work for many of Semo's affiliates, Debauve & Gallais, Hemato-Centric Life Institute, and NaeClear, and has sponsored Yoo's photographic exhibitions.[239] On 9 May 2014, police raided the firm's office in southern Seoul on suspicion it had been involved in forming the family's slush funds and managing them in overseas accounts.[240][241] On 11 May, the authorities issued an arrest warrant for Som-na after she failed to appear for questioning.[101][218][242] Som-na had been staying in France since February 2013 on a temporary residence visa.[152][243] She is accused of embezzling ₩8 billion (US$7.8 million) from her affiliates including Dapanda since 2003, while working as the head of Moreal Design in Seoul.[232][244]

On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered Som-na to surrender her passport,[245] while the Ministry of Justice dispatched local investigators to France to discuss potential extradition.[227] French law enforcement authorities arrested Som-na under the international arrest warrant on 27 May in her Paris apartment, reportedly worth ₩2.5 billion (US$2.44 million), near Champs-Élysées.[246][247] The Ministry of Justice said that it would repatriate Som-na following a repatriation trial in France.[248] She appeared before a judge on 28 May,[249] who decided against releasing her on bail.[250] Through her French lawyer, Patrick Maisonneuve, Som-na said she was innocent of the charges brought against her.[251] An appeals court on 11 June rejected Som-na's request for bail, citing flight risk.[252] A renewed request to be released pending the extradition decision 17 September was rejected by a Paris judge on 9 July.[253][254] She was held at the Fresnes Prison and was projected to bring her extradition case to the French Supreme Court, or even to judicial authorities of the European Union, which could have delayed her repatriation up to one year.[255][256][257]

On 2 June 2017 the appeal on the extradition order for Yoo Som-na was rejected by the highest administrative court in France,[258] and on 7 June 2017, she was arrested by South-Korean officials at the Charles de Gaulle airport, aboard a plane from Korean Airlines bound for Korea.[259][260]

Eight aides edit

During the month of May, numerous persons were questioned and arrested, among them eight people who held top positions at subsidiary companies in Yoo's sphere of influence.

  • Song Kook-bin (송국빈; born c. 1952) was summoned for questioning on 30 April. He is CEO of Chonghaejin affiliate Dapanda, a direct-sales company distributing health supplements and cosmetics, and previously served as CEO of I-One-I Holdings. Yoo's first son, Dae-kyun, is the biggest shareholders of Dapanda. Dapanda holds a 16.2 percent stake in Chonhaeji, the largest shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine, the operator of the ferry Sewol.[261][262][263][264] Song was subsequently arrested, detained, and on 21 May indicted on charges of embezzling company funds and channeling the money to Yoo and his family, including suspicions of purchasing photographs taken by Yoo for as much as ₩50 million (~US$60,000) each, dealing significant damage to the company.[17][206][265][266]
  • Lee Jae-young (이재영; born c. 1952), Ahae Corp CEO, was arrested on 9 May, on charges of breach of trust and facilitating financial irregularities by buying millions of dollars worth of Yoo's photos at prices far higher than market value, thus funding his photography career.[267][268]
  • Lee Gang-se (이강세; born c. 1941), former Ahae Corp CEO, was questioned in early May over suspicions of aiding Yoo in the establishment of slush funds. Lee admitted that his former company, Ahae Corp, had paid bogus consultation fees to a shell company operated by Yoo, but said these actions were company custom and had taken place before he became CEO.[265][266][267] Lee allegedly received orders to invest Ahae Corp money in the firm Ahae Press France, a company established to publish Yoo's photographs.[269] Lee was arrested on 23 May and charged with extracting more than ₩1 billion (~US$1 million) from Ahae Corp through an illegal lending scheme.[270][271]
  • Park Seung-il (박승일; born c. 1959), auditor of I-One-I Holdings and Yoo's close aid was indicted on 23 May on charges of embezzling ₩12.6 billion (~US$12.4 million) in company money.[272][273]
  • Byeon Ki-choon (변기춘; born 1972), CEO of both Semo's shipbuilding unit Chonhaiji and of I-One-I Holdings, and Go Chang-hwan (고창환; born c. 1942), the CEO of Semo, were in early May suspected of causing tens of billions of won (tens of millions of dollars) in losses to their companies by paying large sums of company funds to purchase photographs by Yoo at excessively high prices and for consulting services from a paper company owned by Yoo's family.[263][267][274] They were indicted on 28 May on charges of inflicting ₩30.1 billion (~US$29.7 million) worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo's family create slush funds.[275]
  • Kim Dong-hwan (김동환; born c. 1964), auditor of Dapanda and senior executive at I-One-I Holdings, was arrested in mid May, and indicted on embezzlement charges on 29 May.[276][277]
  • Oh Kyung-seok (오경석; born c. 1961), CEO of Hemato-Centric Life Institute and in charge of selling Yoo's photography works, was indicted on embezzlement charges on 31 May.[276][278]

The criminal trial of the eight defendants started at Incheon District Court on 16 June, the eight being accused of embezzlement, breach of fiduciary duty and other instances of corruption, with prosecutors alleging that the defendants inflicted between ₩3 billion (~US$2.94 million) and ₩21 billion (~US$20.58 million) worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo's family create slush funds. Three of the defendants denied their charges, the others admitted to irregular intragroup trading, saying that they acted on the orders of Yoo's eldest son, Dae-kyun, and Yoo's close aide Kim Phil-bae, who both reportedly fled to the United States.[271][279][280][281][282][283]

Kwon Oh-kyun edit

Yoo's brother-in-law, Kwon Oh-kyun (권오균; born c. 1950), the younger brother to Yoo's wife, Kwon Yun-ja, was arrested at his home in southern Seoul on charges of negligence on 6 June. Kwon, a key leader of the Salvation Sect, is CEO of the construction firm Trigon Korea, a core affiliate of Chonghaejin Marine, and suspected of embezzling company funds to illicitly transfer to Yoo and Yoo's children.[284][285][286] On 8 June, a court warrant was issued to detain Kwon, inhibiting he fled the country or destroyed evidence.[287][288][289] Kwon became the first relative of Yoo to be indicted on 24 June. He is accused of funneling funds of nearly ₩29 billion (~US$28.4 million) into his business after taking out loans with assets of the Evangelical Baptist Church as collateral in 2010, according to prosecutors.[290][291]

Yoo Byung-il edit

Yoo's older brother, Yoo Byung-il (유병일; born c. 1939), was the first member of Yoo's family who, on 11 May, appeared for questioning. Byung-il was the managing director of the religious facility called Geumsuwon. Prosecutors said they believed that Byung-il had received consultation fees of ₩2.5 million (~US$2,400) from Chonghaejin Marine each month, and that they had testimonies that he had illegally intervened in the company's management.[242][292] Byung-il was arrested one month later on 13 June, near Geumsuwon.[293][294][295] The prosecution team requested and was granted a pretrial detention warrant for Byung-il on 16 June.[279][296] On 2 July Byung-il was indicted on embezzlement charges suspected of having received a combined ₩13 million (~US$129,000) from Chonghaejin Marine as consulting fees between June 2010 and April 2014.[297]

Shin Myung-hee edit

Shin Myung-hee (신명희; born c. 1950), a member of the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Mother Shin" by devotees of the sect, had been wanted by law enforcement authorities under suspicion of masterminding Yoo's escape, and on 13 June turned herself in to authorities in Suwon, Gyeonggi. Shin was detained and in July indicted on charges of playing a major role in helping Yoo evade capture.[297][298][299]

Oh Gabriel edit

An unnamed person acting for Yoo contacted the Embassy of France in Seoul in late May and asked about the possibility of Yoo seeking political asylum.[300] The embassy declined the request due to Yoo's status as a criminal suspect.[301][302][303][304] Local media outlets said Yoo's middleman also made asylum enquiries at the embassies of the Philippines, the Czech Republic, and Canada.[305][306]

Yoo's eldest brother-in-law, Oh Gabriel (오갑렬; born c. 1955), married to Yoo's younger sister, Yoo Gyeong-hee (유경희; born c. 1958), was arrested with his wife on 19 June, allegedly for aiding Yoo's escape.[307] The arrest came following testimony provided by two key adherents of the Evangelical Baptist Church that were arrested earlier in June, saying Oh drove Yoo out of the religious group's commune, Geumsuwon, on 23 April after police surrounded the compound.[308] Oh, who served as the Korean ambassador to the Czech Republic from January 2010 through June 2013,[300][305] reportedly played a significant role in garnering support for Yoo's photo exhibitions in France.[309] Oh is currently under review by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs's disciplinary committee for allegations that he abused his authority to help Yoo hold a photo exhibition in France and other European countries.[300] The Prosecution suspect that Oh contacted the French Embassy on behalf of Yoo.[309] When questioned, Oh testified that Yoo's family and followers funded and gave him information about the authorities' movements.[308][310] Oh and his wife were released on 26 June reportedly with the expressed willingness to actively cooperate with the investigation and mediate the surrender of Yoo,[311] and because under Korean criminal law family members to a fugitive cannot be punished for hiding or aiding the suspect.[312][313]

Kwon Yun-ja edit

Yoo's wife, Kwon Yun-ja (권윤자; born c. 1942), was put on the nation's most wanted list in June. She has been the CEO of a door-to-door sales company, Dalgubeol (달구벌), in the southern city of Daegu.[284][314] Kwon was detained in an apartment in Bundang, Gyeonggi Province on 21 June and taken in for questioning on charges of embezzling funds from the Evangelical Baptist Church and her company, reportedly amounting to more than ₩1 billion (US$979,850) that had been handed over to her husband and her son to expand their business.[315][316][317][318] To keep her in custody, the prosecution asked on 23 June the Incheon District Court to issue an arrest warrant,[319][320] which was granted on 24 June.[321] On 14 July, prosecutors filed embezzlement charges against Kwon.[322]

Yoo Byung-ho edit

Yoo's younger brother, Yoo Byung-ho (유병호; born c. 1953), father-in-law of singer Park Jin-young, was arrested at his residence in Daegu on 22 June.[323][324] The Court issued a custody warrant on 24 June. Byung-ho is suspected of embezzlement, totaling at least ₩1 billion (~US$1 million), from Chonghaejin Marine's sister firms, and to have borrowed ₩3 billion (~US$2.8 million) from one of the family affiliates, and allegedly made members of the religious group pay back ₩1.5 billion (~US$1.4 million) on his behalf while the affiliate suffered losses of ₩1.5 billion (~US$1.4 million).[290][321][325][326]

Lee Seok-hwan edit

On 25 June Lee Seok-hwan (이석환; born c. 1949), considered Yoo's "right-hand man," was arrested in a parking lot in Suwon, south of Seoul, after avoiding a manhunt for weeks. An influential member of the Evangelical Baptist Church, Lee is suspected of helping Yoo avoid arrest. A court-issued warrant on Lee was sought on 27 June.[311][327][328][329]

Ongoing investigation edit

In mid June 2014, Chonhaiji Co. Ltd., a ship block maker controlled by Yoo's sons, and the major shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine Company with 39.4%, lodged its application for receivership at the Changwon District Court. Chonhaiji had ₩34.8 billion (~US$34.19 million) in outstanding debt to main creditor Korea Development Bank.[330][331]

On 27 June, the Government of South Korea had calculated the costs in connection with the sinking of the ferry Sewol to ₩403.1 billion (~US$397.8 million), and lodged a claim to any properties held directly or by proxy by Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine at the Seoul Central District Court to cover compensation payments for the victims.[332][333][334] The Court on 4 July ordered the sequestration of assets owned by Yoo Byung-eun, four officials of Chonghaejin Marine, and eight crew members aboard Sewol.[335]

Yoo while on the run purchased around 60,000 square metres (650,000 sq ft) of land near a property in South Jeolla Province where he sought refuge in May, according to prosecutors. He paid ₩250 million (~US$247,000) and registered it under the names of the married couple, members of his religious group, who run a rest stop and restaurant near Suncheon and are suspected of aiding Yoo's escape from the law. The Incheon District Court on 2 July ordered in its third decision to temporarily seize an additional ₩10.2 billion (~US$10 million) worth of assets owned by Yoo and his family, including the newly acquired property as well as 10 stores in Gangnam District, Seoul, valued at ₩8.5 billion (~US$8.4 million), an apartment owned by Yoo's son Hyuk-kee valued at ₩1.5 billion (~US$1.48 million), and cameras confiscated from a restaurant run by his other son Dae-kyun valued at ₩22 million (~US$21,700).[335][336][337][338][339]

Yoo Dae-kyun

Yoo's first son, Yoo Dae-kyun, was involved in the day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine.[340] He was the biggest shareholder of four affiliates of the family businesses, including the holding company of the operator of Sewol, I-One-I Holdings.[240] Prosecutors found evidence proving that Dae-kyun received monthly wages from affiliates that he did not own shares of.[242] He is suspected of collecting billions of won in "consulting fees" from the firms and creating a slush fund. Dae-gyun also registered the name "Ohamana" for a sister ferry of the Sewol.[276] Dae-gyun was wanted on a string of corruption charges and irregularities that are believed to have contributed to the sinking of the Sewol.[275]

Dae-kyun bought an airplane ticket to France and was reportedly spotted at Incheon International Airport on 19 April, but didn't board the plane.[305][340] He was supposed to appear for questioning at the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office, but failed to show up.[341] Prosecutors obtained an arrest warrant for Dae-kyun on 13 May, but investigators were unable to find him.[342] He was placed on the most-wanted list amid fears that he would flee the country.[222][223] The Court approved on 20 May a proposal by the Prosecution and the National Tax Service to place real estate assets worth ₩20 billion (~US$19 million) under confiscation. Among the properties was land in the Seocho District and Gangnam District of southern Seoul and two business offices in Gangnam-gu. All properties had been registered in the name of Yoo Dae-kyun.[211][212] On 22 May, the Korean authorities labeled Yoo Byung-eun and Yoo Dae-kyun as fugitives,[343] and initially offered a ₩50 million (~US$48,800) reward for Yoo and a ₩30 million (~US$29,300) reward for Dae-kyun for information leading to their arrest.[203][52] On 25 May, the rewards were raised to ₩500 million (~US$488,000) for the older Yoo and to ₩100 million (~US$97,600) for the son,[344] the largest amount ever offered by an investigative authority as a reward in South Korea.[345]

Yoo Hyuk-kee

Yoo's second son, Yoo Hyuk-kee, reportedly was involved in the day-to-day managing of Chonghaejin Marine.[209] Hyuk-kee, apart from his stake in I-One-I Holdings, owned some 10 percent stake in Ahae Corp., a paint manufacturing company, and a stake in Ahae Press Corp.[53] As CEO of Ahae Press Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, he built up his fathers image as a talented photographer, and curated his exhibitions.[110][111][136][346] Hyuk-kee had been summoned for questioning by 8 May, but ignored the summonses.[206][276][341] On 23 May, an Interpol Red Notice was issued.[245] He is suspected of helping his father establish a slush fund through paper companies.[206][347]

Hyuk-kee, who is known outside Korea as Keith H. Yoo, is a permanent U.S. resident and was in Westchester, New York at the time of the sinking of the Sewol.[348] He reportedly attempted to make his way to France but didn't get on his booked flight.[305] Hyuk-kee and his wife allegedly owned at least three apartments in Manhattan and near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, then estimated to be worth around US$6.2 million (~₩6.3 billion). The prosecutors asked the United States Department of Homeland Security's Investigations Directorate to track down real estate and deposits under the names of the siblings or affiliates of the family business.[243][272]

Press Arbitration Commission Corrections Related to Yoo Byung-eun edit

In 2014, the PAC (Press Arbitration Commission) of Korea received a historic number of arbitration cases (19,048), about 7 to 8 times more than a typical year. Out of these cases, 16,117 claims were filed by the family of Yoo Byung-eun and the Evangelical Baptist Church following reports from the Sewol ferry disaster.[349] Out of these filings, 96.19% (15,503 claims) were accepted by the 5 panel arbitration committee.[350] Most correction claims involved press reports that mentioned the following: Yoo Byung-eun is the de facto owner of the ferry, Geumsuwon (church location) is Yoo Byung-Eun's property, Lee Jun-seok and crew of the Sewol ferry are members of the Evanglical Baptist Church, Evanglical Baptist Church is connected to Odaeyang.[349] Many of these false reports occurred when the press redirected public sentiment towards President Park stemming from the ferry disaster over to Yoo Byung-Eun and the Salvation Group. This mitigated press coverage for investigation on the cause of the accident and disaster management.[351][352]

Personal life edit

Yoo was known, due to his reclusiveness, as "the millionaire with no face."[186] He married Kwon Yun-ja (권윤자; born c. 1942), the daughter of Kwon Shin-chan, in 1966.[353] He had four children with her:[245][354] daughter Yoo Sum-na (유섬나 or Ennette Yoo; born 1966),[355] daughter Yoo Sang-na (유상나; born c. 1968),[356][357] son Yoo Dae-kyun (유대균; born c. 1970), and second son Yoo Hyuk-kee (유혁기 or Keith H. Yoo; born 1972).[136][232]

Death edit

South Korean authorities initially offered a ₩50 million (~US$48,800) reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo.[203][52] On 25 May 2014, the reward was raised tenfold to ₩500 million (~US$488,000).[225][226]

In June 2014, South Korean police discovered Yoo's heavily decomposed body in a plum field in Suncheon, a city about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of Seoul.[358] Yoo was wearing an "expensive Italian jacket", and surrounding his body was "a copy of a book he had written, an empty bottle of a shark liver oil health tonic manufactured by a Yoo family company and several empty bottles of alcohol".[359] Initially, the police believed that the body belonged to a homeless man,[359] but further investigation in July 2014 based on analysis of DNA, dental, and fingerprint evidence confirmed that the body was Yoo's.[360]

An investigation into Yoo's cause of death was inconclusive because the body was too decomposed.[360][361] According to Lee Han-Young, the head of the Central Legal Medical Center, no evidence of alcohol, poison, or external force was found.[360]

Bibliography edit

  • Yoo, Byung-eun (2004). (PDF). New York: Evangelical Media Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014.
  • Yoo, Byung-eun (2004). (PDF). New York: Evangelical Media Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014.
  • Yoo, Byung-eun (2004). (PDF). New York: Evangelical Media Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014.
  • Yoo, B. E. (1 August 2008). While Reading Through John's Gospel 1. Evangelical Media Group. ISBN 978-1-60668-007-0.
  • Yoo, B. E. (1 August 2008). While Reading Through John's Gospel 2. Evangelical Media Group. ISBN 978-1-60668-008-7.
  • Ahae; Milan Knížák; Keith H. Yoo (2011). Through My Window: Photography by Ahae. Ahae Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-9833658-7-7.
  • Ahae (28 June 2012). De ma fenêtre: Jardin des Tuileries — musée du Louvre (in French). Editions Assouline. ISBN 978-2-7594-0602-9.
  • Ahae; Milan Knížák; Iosif Bakštejn (2012). So Simple, So Beautiful, So Perfect: Book on Ahae. KANT. ISBN 978-80-7437-077-9.[100]
  • Ahae (11 July 2013). Ahae, château de Versailles: Fenêtre sur l'extraordinaire. Editions Assouline. ISBN 978-2-7594-0637-1.

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February 16, 2024
byung, korean, 유병언, hanja, 兪炳彥, south, korean, businessman, inventor, religious, leader, photographer, also, known, name, ahae, born11, february, 1941kyoto, empire, japandied12, june, 2014, aged, suncheon, south, koreanationalitysouth, koreanother, names, ahae. Yoo Byung eun Korean 유병언 Hanja 兪炳彥 was a South Korean businessman inventor religious leader and photographer He was also known by his art name Ahae 3 Yoo Byung eunBorn11 February 1941Kyoto Empire of JapanDied12 June 2014 aged 73 Suncheon South KoreaNationalitySouth KoreanOther names Ahae The Millionaire with no Face Alma materSeonggwang High SchoolOccupation s Pastor 1 inventor businessman photographerKnown forMV SewolKorean nameHangul유병언Hanja兪炳彥 2 Revised RomanizationYu ByeongeonMcCune ReischauerYu PyŏngŏnWebsitewww wbr ahae wbr com www wbr ahaenews wbr comIn this Korean name the family name is Yoo Yoo became the focus of Park Geun hye s administration shortly after the sinking of MV Sewol in April 2014 Yoo and other Korean nationals were used as scapegoats in a nation wide propaganda campaign designed to manage public opinion after the disaster 4 5 In official documents from the Blue House the Defense Security Command DSC identified Yoo as a target to distract the public from its dissent over the Korean Coast Guard s failure to rescue passengers from the ferry 6 7 Yoo who retired from his board position at Chonghaejin in 1997 was targeted in official communications prior to the conclusion of any investigation to manage public outrage and maintain government stability 7 8 During the campaign to find and discredit Yoo the government purposely fed several large media companies information designed to focus public interest onto the manhunt for Yoo instead of the cause of the ferry sinking In addition the DSC performed illegal wiretaps which has drawn comparisons to 2002 National Intelligence Service illegal wiretapping scandal 9 After a nationwide manhunt that was broadly reported on Yoo s body was found in an orchard the cause of death not known 10 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Religious call 2 2 Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp 2 3 Odaeyang mass suicide 2 4 Semo Corp bankruptcy 2 5 Other ventures 2 6 Inventions 2 7 Ahae 3 The sinking of the Sewol 3 1 Ownership 3 2 Leadership 3 3 Allegations and charges 3 4 Investigation 3 4 1 Yoo Som na 3 4 2 Eight aides 3 4 3 Kwon Oh kyun 3 4 4 Yoo Byung il 3 4 5 Shin Myung hee 3 4 6 Oh Gabriel 3 4 7 Kwon Yun ja 3 4 8 Yoo Byung ho 3 4 9 Lee Seok hwan 3 4 10 Ongoing investigation 3 5 Press Arbitration Commission Corrections Related to Yoo Byung eun 4 Personal life 5 Death 6 Bibliography 7 References 8 External linksEarly life and education editYoo was born in Kyoto Japan to Korean parents on 11 February 1941 11 Yoo s family returned to Korea following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945 and settled in Daegu where Yoo graduated from Seonggwang High School 12 Career editReligious call edit According to the U S based non profit organization Evangelical Media Group created by Yoo in 2001 13 he first began to live for the sake of the gospel in 1961 and that he worked as an inventor and businessman to support the spreading of the gospel all over the world 14 Yoo was one of 11 students admitted to the Good News Mission Bible school established in Korea by American and English missionaries but he was expelled 15 He founded what later became the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea also known as the Salvation Sect 16 in 1962 with his father in law Pastor Kwon Shin chan 권신찬 1923 96 17 18 The church was held to be a cult by a conservative Christian denomination the General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches in 1992 19 Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp edit Yoo while still serving as a pastor got his start in business when acquiring the bankrupt textile company Samwoo Trading Co 삼우무역 in 1976 20 21 He took over as CEO in 1978 and turned it into a toy manufacturing and export company 22 23 Yoo went into shipping when he founded Semo Corp 주식회사 세모 in 1979 24 a holding company that came to span shipping shipbuilding domestic ferry businesses electronics real estate cosmetics paint stuffed toys pewter and various other ventures 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Semo started operating ferries on Seoul s Han River in 1986 two years before the city held the Summer Olympics 32 33 34 Odaeyang mass suicide edit Yoo came to public attention in connection with the Odaeyang mass suicide in 1987 Police were investigating accusations against a 48 year old woman Park Soon ja saying that she had swindled 8 9 billion US 8 7 million from about 220 people 35 36 Odeyang Trading Co was a firm that established by Park who used to attend Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea and Jehovah s Witnesses in the past 37 Yoo has denied any link to the group 38 On 29 August 1987 thirty two members of the sect who believed in doomsday including Park Soon ja and her three children were found dead bound and gagged 39 40 Police assumed the event was a murder suicide pact and the prosecution initially suspected that Yoo was linked to the case 41 42 but he was never charged and the police closed the case as a mass suicide 43 44 45 46 After six people including a former follower of Park named Kim Do hyun 47 surrendered to authorities on 10 July 1991 48 the case was reopened and found money transactions between Odaeyang Trading Co and a member of Evangelical Baptist Church However the money transactions revealed that they had nothing to do with Odaeyang Trading Co case and private loan of Odaeyang Trading Co Those were normal payment remittances of goods between Park and the member of Evangelical Baptist Church before establishment of Odaeyang Trading Co 49 50 51 Yoo was arrested and in 1992 convicted of habitual fraud under the mask of religion for his role in colluding with one of his employees to collect donations from church members in the amount of 1 2 billion US 1 15 million and invest them in his businesses He served a 4 year prison term 52 53 54 55 56 57 In November 2014 report says Incheon District Prosecutor s Office confirm in May there was no connection between Yoo and Odaeyang incident 58 59 Semo Corp bankruptcy edit By 1990 Semo Corp had 1 800 employees 60 but the ferry businesses suffered maritime accidents In 1990 14 Semo workers were killed when their cruise ship on the Han River was hit by another ship 52 61 The company was cleared of any liability for the incident 32 Semo grew into the biggest ferry operator by 1994 operating 30 ships 62 63 64 and once had nearly 3 000 employees 29 Semo Group filed for bankruptcy with more than 300 billion US 294 million in debts amidst the 1997 Asian financial crisis in the wake of a series of highly publicized scandals citing business diversification as the cause of a cash shortage that had fuelled a rise in debts in its bankruptcy protection petition and was liquidated 32 57 65 After Semo s bankruptcy Yoo s family continued to operate ferry businesses under the names of other companies including one that eventually became Chonghaejin Marine and grew to become the monopolistic operator of ferries linking Incheon and Jeju 66 67 68 Chonghaejin Marine Company Ltd was set up two years later on 24 February 1999 a day before a court approved the restructuring of the bankrupt Semo and became a key entity to consolidate Semo s shipping business taking over ships and assets held by Semo Marine and had its debts written off 19 32 65 68 69 70 Other ventures edit According to Chaebul com an online information provider on large businesses Yoo and his family own 30 business operators with 13 doing business abroad such as in the U S Hong Kong and France Their combined assets amount to some 500 billion US 480 million 65 The collective assets of the 13 overseas operations surged to 166 5 billion US 158 million at the end of 2013 70 In France in 2012 Yoo made headlines prior to his photo exhibition in the Tuileries Garden at The Louvre when he through his public relations company Ahae Press bought the abandoned village of Courbefy for 520 000 US 663 000 767 5 million 71 72 73 74 75 Yoo had seen it on CNN 76 and wanted to set up an environmental artistic and cultural project in the village 77 78 79 Yoo has a wide range of other business interests according to official documents and information on company websites 14 He owns a plantation in the United States called 123Farm 80 81 one of the largest organic lavender farms in California started in 2001 at the site of the Highland Springs Resort 82 a 2 400 acres 970 ha 3 8 sq mi property consisting of a 56 room hotel conference center and restaurants Yoo was chairman of the board of the company that bought the resort in May 1990 for US 6 75 million 83 I One I Holdings subsidiary Dapanda owns 9 9 percent of the Highland Springs Conference and Training Centre at the resort according to regulatory filings 84 85 Inventions edit As an inventor Yoo holds multiple patents one being for a colonic irrigation system 86 for which he received an International Federation of Inventors Associations prize at the 2006 Seoul International Invention Fair 87 The invention is marketed in the United States Canada Mexico Germany South Korea Philippines and Malaysia by NaeClear 88 and is sold in South Korea by the company Dapanda It arose from the concept of Hemato Centric Health which revolves around the blood as being the center of life supposedly a concept created by Yoo and his non profit research organization Hemato Centric Life Institute New York chaired by his younger son Keith H Yoo Yoo Hyuk kee 유혁기 born 1972 89 90 sponsored by NaeClear Co Ltd and daughter Yoo Som na s company Moreal Design Inc Yoo delivered keynote speeches at the 2010 13 Hemato Centric Life Forum meetings in Seoul organized by Hemato Centric Life Foundation 91 92 93 Ahae edit Ahae 아해 which means child in old Korean language was a nickname used in reference to Yoo in correspondence on an Evangelical Baptist Church website EBC World 94 Through his PR companies Ahae Press Inc in New York Ahae Press France in Paris and Ahae Press Ltd UK in London Yoo has exhibited and marketed himself as the photographer who goes by the name Ahae 95 84 Yoo was unknown as a photographer before 2011 96 97 98 99 The project titled Through My Window began in early spring 2009 and continued for 4 years during which time Yoo allegedly took about 2 7 million photographs all through one window which equates to a rate of roughly one photo every 60 seconds The collection mainly consists of natural scenes shot through the window of Yoo s own studio The location is the rural commune belonging to the Evangelical Baptist Church called Geumsuwon 금수원 east of Anseong south of Seoul where Yoo lived 100 101 Yoo first exhibited Through My Window in the Vanderbilt Hall of Grand Central Terminal New York City in April 2011 co produced by daughter Yoo Som na s company Moreal Design it was organized by Hemato Centric Life Institute 102 and sponsored by Highland Springs Resort 103 and Bear Family Green Club 104 105 106 His exhibition Through My Window Vibrancy and Serenity was on display on the same location in October 2011 107 108 Yoo did not attend the exhibition that was unveiled by his second son Yoo Hyuk kee known outside South Korea as Keith H Yoo 109 Keith as CEO of Ahae Press curated his father s exhibitions 110 111 112 113 As a travelling exhibition Through My Window was then on display in Europe at the National Gallery in Prague 114 Clarence House Gardens Lancaster House and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London 115 116 Vremena Goda Galleries in Moscow 110 117 Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia in Florence 118 119 and in Magazzini del Sale Venice 120 nbsp Ahae etched in stone at the Louvre in Paris as one of its patrons 121 122 123 From June to August 2012 Through My Window De ma fenetre was displayed in a 12 000 square feet 1 100 m2 four story bespoke exhibition pavilion erected in the Tuileries Garden that is administratively attached to The Louvre in Paris 124 125 126 English film composer Ilan Eshkeri was commissioned to write a twelve part tone poem Pre recorded in Abbey Road Studios by the London Metropolitan Orchestra the 46 minutes composition played alongside the exhibition and was later released on Blu ray Disc 127 128 129 130 For the gala dinner in the exhibition pavilion on 25 June 2012 Keith H Yoo had commissioned British composer Michael Nyman to write a 26 minutes long piano quintet in four movements titled Through the Only Window The work was subsequently recorded by Nyman Quintet in the Abbey Road Studios and released on Nyman s record label 131 132 133 Herve Barbaret deputy to former director of The Louvre Henri Loyrette disclosed to L Express in 2014 that The Louvre did not pay a penny to organize this event The artist paid the production entirely and paid a little more than 500 000 US 700 000 700 million to exhibit himself in the Tuileries 134 Ahae further donated 1 1 million US 1 5 million 1 5 billion to the Louvre 135 136 137 138 French magazine A nous Paris in its 25 June 2012 edition asked Keith H Yoo the question The exhibition is a significant cost Do you have any sponsors To which Keith answered No We are funding everything with the money from our different companies We are not interested in outside pressure and want to enjoy total freedom 139 For his second solo exhibition in France Fenetre sur l extraordinaire Window on the Extraordinary Ahae rented the Orangerie Hall of the Palace of Versailles from 25 June to 9 September 2013 140 141 142 To mark the end of the exhibition Michael Nyman was again commissioned and wrote a 32 minute symphony in four movements for the occasion Symphony No 6 AHAE representing the four seasons in nature as depicted by Ahae French composer Nicolas Bacri was commissioned to write a 29 minute symphonic piece his opus 130 titled Ahae s Day Four Images for Orchestra The London Symphony Orchestra was hired to premiere both pieces at L Opera of the Palace of Versailles in Paris on 8 September 2013 143 Both pieces were recorded for a planned future release 144 145 146 Ahae was the sole patron of the Bosquet du Theatre d Eau Water Theatre Grove fr currently being recreated with sculptures by Jean Michel Othoniel in the area of the Gardens of Versailles donating 1 4 million US 1 9 million 1 9 billion 135 147 148 149 Catherine Pegard head of the Public Establishment of the Palace Museum and National Estate of Versailles who administer the Palace of Versailles disclosed that the exhibition was on a sponsorship basis saying The artist himself wanted to rent the Orangerie But we never communicate the numbers Spurred by investigative reporting initially published by Bernard Hasquenoph French Le Monde and British The Times wrote that Ahae gave 5 million US 6 8 million 6 9 billion to Versailles 150 151 152 153 154 155 Financial Times in its review of the Versailles exhibition wrote The scene that is the subject of Ahae s images looks on the face of it pretty unremarkable A couple of murky ponds sit in a field which backs on to a fairly uninteresting looking wood But such is the focus of Ahae s gaze that the viewer comes to know the fauna on the patch from the fierce great tits who stare defiantly into the camera to the thuggish magpies and the beleaguered egrets and herons who bow to assaults by their neighbours like ageing professors hounded by skinheads Catherine Milner The Extraordinary within the Ordinary Versailles review Financial Times 111 The Economist wrote At first glance the view from Ahae s window appears unimpressive Yet these images reward patience Ahae s forensic attention to detail reveals the stoicism dignity and minor dramas of the animals going about their daily business and raises these pictures to the realm of poetry C M Nature photography in Versailles Seoulful visions The Economist 156 Parisian newspapers Le Monde and Liberation several French art magazines as well as Korean expatriates in France in an open letter on 12 June to French Minister of Culture Aurelie Filippetti Catherine Pegard president of the Chateau de Versailles Henri Loyrette ex president of the Louvre and co president of the French Korean Year and Bruno Ory Lavolle director of the Forest Festival in Compiegne have raised their concerns over French cultural institutions accepting self financed exhibitions in return for donations 99 123 134 152 157 158 159 160 161 162 La Croix on 3 July wrote that French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius would write to Versailles to demand the termination of the Ahae sponsorship there 163 164 Ahae through his company Ahae Press was a patron of the Forest Festival a classical music festival in the forests of Compiegne northern France His photographs were to be projected during a gala concert at Theatre Imperial de Compiegne on 4 July 2014 The sponsorship commitment was 10 000 US 13 640 13 9 million 165 166 167 Following the open letter on 12 June from Korean expatriates in France to among others Minister of Culture Aurelie Filippetti and the director of the Forest Festival and subsequent talks between the festival and the Ministry of Culture Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on 30 June gave written notice to the festival suggesting the projection should be renounced out of sensitivity and respect for the Korean people mourning following the sinking of Sewol in particular the families of the young victims and in the interest of the Festival and of France the projection and the sponsorship was cancelled on 2 July 123 163 164 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 An Ahae exhibition produced by Ahae Press titled Les echos du temps de pres et de loin Echos of Time Far and Near for the opening season of the new Philharmonie de Paris was scheduled for 5 May to 28 September 2015 and a concert sponsored by Ahae Press on 15 June 2015 in Philharmonie de Paris featuring Nyman s Symphony No 6 Ahae and Beethoven s Symphony No 6 Pastorale was announced both have been cancelled 176 177 French newspaper La Croix in a comment to the sinking of the MV Sewol wrote This businessman with a murky past had used his fortune to exhibit at The Louvre The crew of the Sewol was mainly made up of followers of the church of Yoo temporary often renewed and who were unfamiliar with their ship The investigation also revealed that the owner had only spent 541 000 won 521 400 on crew training including evacuation drills for its employees in 2013 Its wealthy owner had other priorities he used his fortune to organize worldwide exhibitions of his landscape photographs Frederic Ojardias Coree le scandaleux proprietaire du ferry naufrage La Croix 178 179 France Info commented In the Tuileries as at Versailles Ahae himself had financed his own exhibitions In 2013 the company spent 500 in costs for training their crews an amount that pales in comparison to the wealth of the owner of the shipping company However one of the main causes of the tragedy was precisely the total lack of preparation of the crew in case of disaster Pierrick de Morel Coree du Sud qui est Yoo Byung Eun proprietaire du ferry naufrage France Info 180 Gallery nbsp Tuileries Garden 2012 nbsp Tuileries Garden 2012 nbsp Tuileries Garden 2012 nbsp Tuileries Garden 2012 nbsp Tuileries Garden 2012 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013 nbsp Versailles 2013The sinking of the Sewol editMain article Sinking of the MV Sewol The ferry Sewol capsized and sank on 16 April 2014 It was carrying 476 people mostly secondary school students from Danwon High School who were travelling from Incheon towards Jeju 181 The sinking resulted in 304 deaths and is the worst ferry disaster in South Korea since 14 December 1970 when the sinking of the ferry Namyoung cost 326 people out of 338 their lives 182 183 184 Sewol was operated by the company Chonghaejin Marine Ownership edit Before his death Yoo had widely been described as the owner of or the de facto owner of the sunken ferry Sewol and was former chairman of Chonghaejin Marine 14 33 Son Byong ki Yoo s lawyer stated on 25 April that Yoo has no financial ties to Chonghaejin or its subsidiaries 185 A press release from Yoo s U S publicist Ahae Press Inc stated that Mr Yoo does not own any shares direct or indirect of Chonghaejin 95 Financial filings confirmed that Yoo had no stake in the shipping company 14 Yoo was the head of the family who partially own Chonghaejin Marine and is believed to have exercised influence through a web of company cross shareholdings 186 65 187 His two sons Yoo Dae kyun 유대균 born c 1970 and second son Yoo Hyuk kee are controlling the shipping firm through a majority stake in the investment vehicle I One I Holdings as well as 13 unlisted affiliates which through a tangled web of ownership structure own each other a structure prosecutors describe as pyramid like and ultimately is controlled by individuals Yoo s two sons and seven of his friends 17 57 69 188 189 Chung Sun seop editor of Chaebul com a website that analyses South Korea s chaebol business groups said that This kind of shadow management through his children or close aides is not uncommon among chaebol companies 190 On 23 April investigators of the Incheon District Prosecutors Office raided the head office of Chonghaejin Marine and some 20 offices of its affiliates as well as the office of the Evangelical Baptist Church in Yongsan central Seoul Prosecutors suspected that funds from members of the religious group had been used in business operations of Chonghaejin Marine and Yoo Byung eun 42 191 The prosecution found more than 100 bogus companies many of them set up and operated by followers of a Yoo s religious group had paid Yoo and his two sons at least 100 billion US 97 1 million for their consulting services and had purchased photos taken by Yoo 192 Yoo s religious group denied cross border transactions with affiliates of the ferry operator 193 The Prosecution secured video footage of a lecture Yoo delivered to the sect s believers in April 2010 in which Yoo admitted to have registered properties under the names of other persons 194 A lawyer representing Yoo Dae kyun and Yoo Hyuk kee said on 22 April that If there is any legal responsibility the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims 179 Leadership edit Michael Ham managing director of Ahae Press and co director of Evangelical Media Group in a press release 25 April 2014 said Mr Yoo does not have any involvement in the management or day to day operations of Chonghaejin Marine Co I know that he has been spending every single day of the past four to five years focusing on his photography work 95 135 195 Yoo s lawyer stated that Yoo had not been involved in corporate management since Semo went bankrupt in 1997 192 Contrary to the claims that Yoo Byung eun was the owner and chairman of the Sewol ferry it was later confirmed by the Press Arbitration Commission in Korea that he had retired from the executive board in 1997 had no ownership and no involvement with the management of the ferry company 196 197 Initially investigators presented evidence indicating Yoo as the de facto leader of the company One piece of evidence was a detailed list of all the company s staff prepared on 15 April 2014 a day before the sinking of the MV Sewol which named Yoo as chairman of Chonghaejin Marine with employee number A99001 or employee No 1 at the company which was established in 1999 196 They also discovered a pay stub that records a payment of 15 million US 14 700 monthly over more than a year 198 199 They have also obtained testimony from others that Yoo was directly involved in managing the ferry operator 196 197 Sewol was remodeled between October 2012 and February 2013 to increase the number of passenger cabins and add a fifth floor mainly used as an exhibition hall for photographs by Yoo Ahae The employee of Chonghaejin who was in charge of the refitting testified that he carried out the expansion under the direction of Yoo 200 On 20 May it was confirmed that the overloading and remodeling of the ship compromised its ability to maintain stability at the time of the accident 200 Allegations and charges edit Based on the evidence prosecutors concluded that Yoo was the one who directed operation and execution of business and planned to hold Yoo vicariously liable for the acts of the operator s crew members Accordingly the prosecution was poised to cite negligent homicide in its application of criminal law against Yoo 201 202 Yoo was charged with embezzlement breach of trust and tax evasion 203 He is suspected of embezzling 128 9 billion US 125 8 million from his companies including 44 6 billion US 43 5 million transferred overseas illegally as part of a scheme to sell his nature photographs to his companies for tens of millions of won He also owes an estimated 10 1 billion US 9 8 million in taxes for the photos sold 204 Prosecutors also found evidence that Yoo s family set up several paper companies with no consultants which then collected some 20 billion US 19 million in consulting fees from companies related to Semo Group over the last few years 205 206 They are also looking into circumstantial evidence that Yoo s family has claimed commission fees of tens of billions of won from the related companies for the use of trademark rights for names like Sewol 207 On 30 June the prosecution announced its intention to indict Yoo irrespective of whether or not he was apprehended citing homicide by negligence in the charges 208 Investigation edit Yoo made no known public appearances after the Sewol sank 209 210 Within the first week of investigation the Ministry of Justice banned Yoo his eldest son Yoo Dae kyun and more than 60 other employees in various companies owned by Yoo or his sons from leaving South Korea 69 70 179 Son Byeong gi a lawyer representing both Yoo Chonghaejin Marine and I One I Holdings said on 22 April that If there is any legal responsibility the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims 179 The Park Geun hye administration pledged to exercise the right to indemnity against Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine as soon as the state compensates victims families The combined damages from the sinking of the Sewol are estimated to reach 2 trillion US 1 9 billion 211 212 213 The accumulated value of the assets owned by Yoo and his family is estimated at over 240 billion US 235 million 57 214 215 It includes an estimated 129 1 billion US 126 7 million held by Yoo himself 49 2 billion US 48 3 million by eldest daughter Yoo Som na 5 6 billion US 5 5 million by eldest son Yoo Dae kyun and 55 9 billion US 54 9 million by the second son Yoo Hyuk kee 216 Son Byeong gi representing Yoo told the Chosun Ilbo on 24 April that reports that Yoo s assets total 240 billion were not true but that Yoo had voiced his willingness to donate his entire 10 billion US 9 8 million estate due to his deep sorrow for those who lost their lives aboard the Sewol 185 A prosecution official investigating Yoo s holdings said there was a huge gap between what the former chairman claimed he was worth and what investigators had found out so far Son claimed on 25 April that he had been misunderstood and by 10 billion had meant tens of billions of won and that Yoo was willing to donate his entire assets whatever their size 217 Son later resigned as lawyer for the family on 15 May 218 A financier of the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea was summoned for questioning on 24 April to trace deals between the sect and companies run by Yoo and his two sons 19 219 Transcripts of land registers showed that four days later Yoo and his family signed over some 24 properties worth around 27 billion US 26 million to the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea on 28 and 29 April 220 On 13 May the Incheon District Prosecutors Office summoned Yoo to appear for questioning by 16 May 221 but he failed to heed the call 101 222 and was presumed hiding in the church compound Geumsuwon south of Seoul 223 All of Yoo s children and a number of key suspects had ignored the summons 224 Yoo failed to appear at a court hearing on 20 May 211 On 22 May the Incheon District Court issued an arrest warrant and Korean authorities offered a 50 million US 48 800 reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo 203 52 On 25 May the reward was raised tenfold to 500 million US 488 000 225 226 Prosecutors warned on 24 May that anyone who helps Yoo in hiding faces up to three years in prison 227 Four members of Yoo s religious group were arrested 25 May for assisting Yoo to escape detection by the police 228 229 On 26 May Yoo s religious group in an apparent move to confuse investigators said that Yoo might have returned early in the morning to Geumsuwon the church commune in Anseong Gyeonggi Province 228 Geumsuwon is known as the main residence of Yoo 230 A spokesperson for the sect later announced that Yoo had not returned further saying We hope Yoo doesn t get arrested A 100 000 followers will protect Yoo Even if the entire congregation of 100 000 believers is arrested we won t hand him over 228 231 Lee Jae ok another member of Yoo s religious group chairman of Yoo s Hemato Centric Life Foundation 101 and one of Yoo s close aides was arrested on 26 May on charges of planning Yoo s life as a fugitive and helping him evade detection for weeks 232 233 President Park Geun hye during a Cabinet meeting on 27 May ordered a quick arrest of the fugitive Yoo saying he and his family is ridiculing the law and causing indignation among the people 234 Beginning 27 May police doubled the number of officers deployed for the search for Yoo from 24 000 to almost 50 000 235 Yoo Som na edit Yoo s eldest daughter Yoo Som na 유섬나 born 1966 was summoned for questioning multiple times by the prosecution but evaded the office s investigation 236 237 She headed the interior design and consulting firm Moreal Design with offices on New York s Park Avenue and in Seoul 238 which has done design work for many of Semo s affiliates Debauve amp Gallais Hemato Centric Life Institute and NaeClear and has sponsored Yoo s photographic exhibitions 239 On 9 May 2014 police raided the firm s office in southern Seoul on suspicion it had been involved in forming the family s slush funds and managing them in overseas accounts 240 241 On 11 May the authorities issued an arrest warrant for Som na after she failed to appear for questioning 101 218 242 Som na had been staying in France since February 2013 on a temporary residence visa 152 243 She is accused of embezzling 8 billion US 7 8 million from her affiliates including Dapanda since 2003 while working as the head of Moreal Design in Seoul 232 244 On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered Som na to surrender her passport 245 while the Ministry of Justice dispatched local investigators to France to discuss potential extradition 227 French law enforcement authorities arrested Som na under the international arrest warrant on 27 May in her Paris apartment reportedly worth 2 5 billion US 2 44 million near Champs Elysees 246 247 The Ministry of Justice said that it would repatriate Som na following a repatriation trial in France 248 She appeared before a judge on 28 May 249 who decided against releasing her on bail 250 Through her French lawyer Patrick Maisonneuve Som na said she was innocent of the charges brought against her 251 An appeals court on 11 June rejected Som na s request for bail citing flight risk 252 A renewed request to be released pending the extradition decision 17 September was rejected by a Paris judge on 9 July 253 254 She was held at the Fresnes Prison and was projected to bring her extradition case to the French Supreme Court or even to judicial authorities of the European Union which could have delayed her repatriation up to one year 255 256 257 On 2 June 2017 the appeal on the extradition order for Yoo Som na was rejected by the highest administrative court in France 258 and on 7 June 2017 she was arrested by South Korean officials at the Charles de Gaulle airport aboard a plane from Korean Airlines bound for Korea 259 260 Eight aides edit During the month of May numerous persons were questioned and arrested among them eight people who held top positions at subsidiary companies in Yoo s sphere of influence Song Kook bin 송국빈 born c 1952 was summoned for questioning on 30 April He is CEO of Chonghaejin affiliate Dapanda a direct sales company distributing health supplements and cosmetics and previously served as CEO of I One I Holdings Yoo s first son Dae kyun is the biggest shareholders of Dapanda Dapanda holds a 16 2 percent stake in Chonhaeji the largest shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine the operator of the ferry Sewol 261 262 263 264 Song was subsequently arrested detained and on 21 May indicted on charges of embezzling company funds and channeling the money to Yoo and his family including suspicions of purchasing photographs taken by Yoo for as much as 50 million US 60 000 each dealing significant damage to the company 17 206 265 266 Lee Jae young 이재영 born c 1952 Ahae Corp CEO was arrested on 9 May on charges of breach of trust and facilitating financial irregularities by buying millions of dollars worth of Yoo s photos at prices far higher than market value thus funding his photography career 267 268 Lee Gang se 이강세 born c 1941 former Ahae Corp CEO was questioned in early May over suspicions of aiding Yoo in the establishment of slush funds Lee admitted that his former company Ahae Corp had paid bogus consultation fees to a shell company operated by Yoo but said these actions were company custom and had taken place before he became CEO 265 266 267 Lee allegedly received orders to invest Ahae Corp money in the firm Ahae Press France a company established to publish Yoo s photographs 269 Lee was arrested on 23 May and charged with extracting more than 1 billion US 1 million from Ahae Corp through an illegal lending scheme 270 271 Park Seung il 박승일 born c 1959 auditor of I One I Holdings and Yoo s close aid was indicted on 23 May on charges of embezzling 12 6 billion US 12 4 million in company money 272 273 Byeon Ki choon 변기춘 born 1972 CEO of both Semo s shipbuilding unit Chonhaiji and of I One I Holdings and Go Chang hwan 고창환 born c 1942 the CEO of Semo were in early May suspected of causing tens of billions of won tens of millions of dollars in losses to their companies by paying large sums of company funds to purchase photographs by Yoo at excessively high prices and for consulting services from a paper company owned by Yoo s family 263 267 274 They were indicted on 28 May on charges of inflicting 30 1 billion US 29 7 million worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo s family create slush funds 275 Kim Dong hwan 김동환 born c 1964 auditor of Dapanda and senior executive at I One I Holdings was arrested in mid May and indicted on embezzlement charges on 29 May 276 277 Oh Kyung seok 오경석 born c 1961 CEO of Hemato Centric Life Institute and in charge of selling Yoo s photography works was indicted on embezzlement charges on 31 May 276 278 The criminal trial of the eight defendants started at Incheon District Court on 16 June the eight being accused of embezzlement breach of fiduciary duty and other instances of corruption with prosecutors alleging that the defendants inflicted between 3 billion US 2 94 million and 21 billion US 20 58 million worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo s family create slush funds Three of the defendants denied their charges the others admitted to irregular intragroup trading saying that they acted on the orders of Yoo s eldest son Dae kyun and Yoo s close aide Kim Phil bae who both reportedly fled to the United States 271 279 280 281 282 283 Kwon Oh kyun edit Yoo s brother in law Kwon Oh kyun 권오균 born c 1950 the younger brother to Yoo s wife Kwon Yun ja was arrested at his home in southern Seoul on charges of negligence on 6 June Kwon a key leader of the Salvation Sect is CEO of the construction firm Trigon Korea a core affiliate of Chonghaejin Marine and suspected of embezzling company funds to illicitly transfer to Yoo and Yoo s children 284 285 286 On 8 June a court warrant was issued to detain Kwon inhibiting he fled the country or destroyed evidence 287 288 289 Kwon became the first relative of Yoo to be indicted on 24 June He is accused of funneling funds of nearly 29 billion US 28 4 million into his business after taking out loans with assets of the Evangelical Baptist Church as collateral in 2010 according to prosecutors 290 291 Yoo Byung il edit Yoo s older brother Yoo Byung il 유병일 born c 1939 was the first member of Yoo s family who on 11 May appeared for questioning Byung il was the managing director of the religious facility called Geumsuwon Prosecutors said they believed that Byung il had received consultation fees of 2 5 million US 2 400 from Chonghaejin Marine each month and that they had testimonies that he had illegally intervened in the company s management 242 292 Byung il was arrested one month later on 13 June near Geumsuwon 293 294 295 The prosecution team requested and was granted a pretrial detention warrant for Byung il on 16 June 279 296 On 2 July Byung il was indicted on embezzlement charges suspected of having received a combined 13 million US 129 000 from Chonghaejin Marine as consulting fees between June 2010 and April 2014 297 Shin Myung hee edit Shin Myung hee 신명희 born c 1950 a member of the Evangelical Baptist Church called Mother Shin by devotees of the sect had been wanted by law enforcement authorities under suspicion of masterminding Yoo s escape and on 13 June turned herself in to authorities in Suwon Gyeonggi Shin was detained and in July indicted on charges of playing a major role in helping Yoo evade capture 297 298 299 Oh Gabriel edit An unnamed person acting for Yoo contacted the Embassy of France in Seoul in late May and asked about the possibility of Yoo seeking political asylum 300 The embassy declined the request due to Yoo s status as a criminal suspect 301 302 303 304 Local media outlets said Yoo s middleman also made asylum enquiries at the embassies of the Philippines the Czech Republic and Canada 305 306 Yoo s eldest brother in law Oh Gabriel 오갑렬 born c 1955 married to Yoo s younger sister Yoo Gyeong hee 유경희 born c 1958 was arrested with his wife on 19 June allegedly for aiding Yoo s escape 307 The arrest came following testimony provided by two key adherents of the Evangelical Baptist Church that were arrested earlier in June saying Oh drove Yoo out of the religious group s commune Geumsuwon on 23 April after police surrounded the compound 308 Oh who served as the Korean ambassador to the Czech Republic from January 2010 through June 2013 300 305 reportedly played a significant role in garnering support for Yoo s photo exhibitions in France 309 Oh is currently under review by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs s disciplinary committee for allegations that he abused his authority to help Yoo hold a photo exhibition in France and other European countries 300 The Prosecution suspect that Oh contacted the French Embassy on behalf of Yoo 309 When questioned Oh testified that Yoo s family and followers funded and gave him information about the authorities movements 308 310 Oh and his wife were released on 26 June reportedly with the expressed willingness to actively cooperate with the investigation and mediate the surrender of Yoo 311 and because under Korean criminal law family members to a fugitive cannot be punished for hiding or aiding the suspect 312 313 Kwon Yun ja edit Yoo s wife Kwon Yun ja 권윤자 born c 1942 was put on the nation s most wanted list in June She has been the CEO of a door to door sales company Dalgubeol 달구벌 in the southern city of Daegu 284 314 Kwon was detained in an apartment in Bundang Gyeonggi Province on 21 June and taken in for questioning on charges of embezzling funds from the Evangelical Baptist Church and her company reportedly amounting to more than 1 billion US 979 850 that had been handed over to her husband and her son to expand their business 315 316 317 318 To keep her in custody the prosecution asked on 23 June the Incheon District Court to issue an arrest warrant 319 320 which was granted on 24 June 321 On 14 July prosecutors filed embezzlement charges against Kwon 322 Yoo Byung ho edit Yoo s younger brother Yoo Byung ho 유병호 born c 1953 father in law of singer Park Jin young was arrested at his residence in Daegu on 22 June 323 324 The Court issued a custody warrant on 24 June Byung ho is suspected of embezzlement totaling at least 1 billion US 1 million from Chonghaejin Marine s sister firms and to have borrowed 3 billion US 2 8 million from one of the family affiliates and allegedly made members of the religious group pay back 1 5 billion US 1 4 million on his behalf while the affiliate suffered losses of 1 5 billion US 1 4 million 290 321 325 326 Lee Seok hwan edit On 25 June Lee Seok hwan 이석환 born c 1949 considered Yoo s right hand man was arrested in a parking lot in Suwon south of Seoul after avoiding a manhunt for weeks An influential member of the Evangelical Baptist Church Lee is suspected of helping Yoo avoid arrest A court issued warrant on Lee was sought on 27 June 311 327 328 329 Ongoing investigation edit In mid June 2014 Chonhaiji Co Ltd a ship block maker controlled by Yoo s sons and the major shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine Company with 39 4 lodged its application for receivership at the Changwon District Court Chonhaiji had 34 8 billion US 34 19 million in outstanding debt to main creditor Korea Development Bank 330 331 On 27 June the Government of South Korea had calculated the costs in connection with the sinking of the ferry Sewol to 403 1 billion US 397 8 million and lodged a claim to any properties held directly or by proxy by Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine at the Seoul Central District Court to cover compensation payments for the victims 332 333 334 The Court on 4 July ordered the sequestration of assets owned by Yoo Byung eun four officials of Chonghaejin Marine and eight crew members aboard Sewol 335 Yoo while on the run purchased around 60 000 square metres 650 000 sq ft of land near a property in South Jeolla Province where he sought refuge in May according to prosecutors He paid 250 million US 247 000 and registered it under the names of the married couple members of his religious group who run a rest stop and restaurant near Suncheon and are suspected of aiding Yoo s escape from the law The Incheon District Court on 2 July ordered in its third decision to temporarily seize an additional 10 2 billion US 10 million worth of assets owned by Yoo and his family including the newly acquired property as well as 10 stores in Gangnam District Seoul valued at 8 5 billion US 8 4 million an apartment owned by Yoo s son Hyuk kee valued at 1 5 billion US 1 48 million and cameras confiscated from a restaurant run by his other son Dae kyun valued at 22 million US 21 700 335 336 337 338 339 Yoo Dae kyunYoo s first son Yoo Dae kyun was involved in the day to day operations of Chonghaejin Marine 340 He was the biggest shareholder of four affiliates of the family businesses including the holding company of the operator of Sewol I One I Holdings 240 Prosecutors found evidence proving that Dae kyun received monthly wages from affiliates that he did not own shares of 242 He is suspected of collecting billions of won in consulting fees from the firms and creating a slush fund Dae gyun also registered the name Ohamana for a sister ferry of the Sewol 276 Dae gyun was wanted on a string of corruption charges and irregularities that are believed to have contributed to the sinking of the Sewol 275 Dae kyun bought an airplane ticket to France and was reportedly spotted at Incheon International Airport on 19 April but didn t board the plane 305 340 He was supposed to appear for questioning at the Incheon District Prosecutors Office but failed to show up 341 Prosecutors obtained an arrest warrant for Dae kyun on 13 May but investigators were unable to find him 342 He was placed on the most wanted list amid fears that he would flee the country 222 223 The Court approved on 20 May a proposal by the Prosecution and the National Tax Service to place real estate assets worth 20 billion US 19 million under confiscation Among the properties was land in the Seocho District and Gangnam District of southern Seoul and two business offices in Gangnam gu All properties had been registered in the name of Yoo Dae kyun 211 212 On 22 May the Korean authorities labeled Yoo Byung eun and Yoo Dae kyun as fugitives 343 and initially offered a 50 million US 48 800 reward for Yoo and a 30 million US 29 300 reward for Dae kyun for information leading to their arrest 203 52 On 25 May the rewards were raised to 500 million US 488 000 for the older Yoo and to 100 million US 97 600 for the son 344 the largest amount ever offered by an investigative authority as a reward in South Korea 345 Yoo Hyuk keeYoo s second son Yoo Hyuk kee reportedly was involved in the day to day managing of Chonghaejin Marine 209 Hyuk kee apart from his stake in I One I Holdings owned some 10 percent stake in Ahae Corp a paint manufacturing company and a stake in Ahae Press Corp 53 As CEO of Ahae Press Inc in New York Ahae Press France in Paris and Ahae Press Ltd UK in London he built up his fathers image as a talented photographer and curated his exhibitions 110 111 136 346 Hyuk kee had been summoned for questioning by 8 May but ignored the summonses 206 276 341 On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued 245 He is suspected of helping his father establish a slush fund through paper companies 206 347 Hyuk kee who is known outside Korea as Keith H Yoo is a permanent U S resident and was in Westchester New York at the time of the sinking of the Sewol 348 He reportedly attempted to make his way to France but didn t get on his booked flight 305 Hyuk kee and his wife allegedly owned at least three apartments in Manhattan and near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris then estimated to be worth around US 6 2 million 6 3 billion The prosecutors asked the United States Department of Homeland Security s Investigations Directorate to track down real estate and deposits under the names of the siblings or affiliates of the family business 243 272 Press Arbitration Commission Corrections Related to Yoo Byung eun edit In 2014 the PAC Press Arbitration Commission of Korea received a historic number of arbitration cases 19 048 about 7 to 8 times more than a typical year Out of these cases 16 117 claims were filed by the family of Yoo Byung eun and the Evangelical Baptist Church following reports from the Sewol ferry disaster 349 Out of these filings 96 19 15 503 claims were accepted by the 5 panel arbitration committee 350 Most correction claims involved press reports that mentioned the following Yoo Byung eun is the de facto owner of the ferry Geumsuwon church location is Yoo Byung Eun s property Lee Jun seok and crew of the Sewol ferry are members of the Evanglical Baptist Church Evanglical Baptist Church is connected to Odaeyang 349 Many of these false reports occurred when the press redirected public sentiment towards President Park stemming from the ferry disaster over to Yoo Byung Eun and the Salvation Group This mitigated press coverage for investigation on the cause of the accident and disaster management 351 352 Personal life editYoo was known due to his reclusiveness as the millionaire with no face 186 He married Kwon Yun ja 권윤자 born c 1942 the daughter of Kwon Shin chan in 1966 353 He had four children with her 245 354 daughter Yoo Sum na 유섬나 or Ennette Yoo born 1966 355 daughter Yoo Sang na 유상나 born c 1968 356 357 son Yoo Dae kyun 유대균 born c 1970 and second son Yoo Hyuk kee 유혁기 or Keith H Yoo born 1972 136 232 Death editSouth Korean authorities initially offered a 50 million US 48 800 reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo 203 52 On 25 May 2014 the reward was raised tenfold to 500 million US 488 000 225 226 In June 2014 South Korean police discovered Yoo s heavily decomposed body in a plum field in Suncheon a city about 300 kilometres 190 mi south of Seoul 358 Yoo was wearing an expensive Italian jacket and surrounding his body was a copy of a book he had written an empty bottle of a shark liver oil health tonic manufactured by a Yoo family company and several empty bottles of alcohol 359 Initially the police believed that the body belonged to a homeless man 359 but further investigation in July 2014 based on analysis of DNA dental and fingerprint evidence confirmed that the body was Yoo s 360 An investigation into Yoo s cause of death was inconclusive because the body was too decomposed 360 361 According to Lee Han Young the head of the Central Legal Medical Center no evidence of alcohol poison or external force was found 360 Bibliography editYoo Byung eun 2004 God so Loved I PDF New York Evangelical Media Group Archived from the original PDF on 27 March 2014 Yoo Byung eun 2004 God so Loved II PDF New York Evangelical Media Group Archived from the original PDF on 27 March 2014 Yoo Byung eun 2004 The Anchor of the Soul PDF New York Evangelical Media Group Archived from the original PDF on 27 March 2014 Yoo B E 1 August 2008 While Reading Through John s Gospel 1 Evangelical Media Group ISBN 978 1 60668 007 0 Yoo B E 1 August 2008 While Reading Through John s Gospel 2 Evangelical Media Group ISBN 978 1 60668 008 7 Ahae Milan Knizak Keith H Yoo 2011 Through My Window Photography by Ahae Ahae Press Incorporated ISBN 978 0 9833658 7 7 Ahae 28 June 2012 De ma fenetre Jardin des Tuileries musee du Louvre in French Editions Assouline ISBN 978 2 7594 0602 9 Ahae Milan Knizak Iosif Bakstejn 2012 So Simple So Beautiful So Perfect Book on Ahae KANT ISBN 978 80 7437 077 9 100 Ahae 11 July 2013 Ahae chateau de Versailles Fenetre sur l extraordinaire Editions Assouline ISBN 978 2 7594 0637 1 References edit Hong Gil dong 25 April 2014 Ferry Disaster Tragedy brings Korea to a standstill The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 26 April 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2014 lt 정가낙수 gt 朴의원 오대양관련 또 자료공개 네이버 뉴스 in Korean News naver com 24 July 1991 Retrieved 22 May 2014 The root cause of calamity Delayed Gratification After Sewol Ferry Disaster Koreans Lower Trust in Government NBC News 19 August 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2023 무조건 막아라 청와대행 세월호 한겨레21 Retrieved 4 January 2023 前기무사의 세월호 관련 민간인 사찰 수사결과 www korea kr in Korean Retrieved 6 January 2023 a b Social Disasters Commission 2022 Public opinion wars and record manipulation Shifting public opinion to avoid responsibility Report of the Subcommittee on Fact finding of the April 16 Sewol Ferry Tragedy pg 189 par 2 http socialdisasterscommission co kr 22 Social Disasters Commission 2022 Attempts to change public opinion through the investigation of Yoo Byung eun Report of the Subcommittee on Fact finding of the April 16 Sewol Ferry Tragedy pg 341 par 2 3 http socialdisasterscommission co kr 22 DSC Document Explained In the aftermath of the Sewol tragedy the DSC wiretapped civilians in an attempt to arrest Yoo Byung Eun DSC Defense Security Command is a counterintelligence branch of the military https www korea kr news pressReleaseView do newsId 156302553 Forensic exam of Korea ferry owner s body inconclusive news yahoo com Retrieved 4 January 2023 現代宗教 in Korean 現代宗敎社 1985 p CCCXIII Retrieved 23 May 2014 녀중 차 남 유병 엔 1941 년 2 윌 11 일생 인재의 힘으로 앞서거니 뒤서거니 시사저널 in Korean Sisapress com 18 July 2012 Retrieved 23 May 2014 나기천 8 May 2014 유병언 차남 美서 후계작업 계열사 몰아줘 세상을 보는 눈 글로벌 미디어 세계닷컴 Segye Ilbo in Korean Segye com Retrieved 23 May 2014 a b c d Chance David 24 April 2014 From God com to photography Korea ferry founder has diverse interests Reuters Retrieved 23 May 2014 4 Formative Years of Good News Mission 2 Good News Mission 7 June 2012 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Park Sang hyun Yeara Ahn park 3 May 2014 It is not true that the Sewol s captain is unrelated to the Salvation Sect The Kukmin Daily Archived from the original on 13 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 a b c Park Ju min 21 May 2014 South Korean sect submits to search for founder linked to doomed ferry Reuters Retrieved 23 May 2014 현대종교 in Korean Hdjongkyo co kr Archived from the original on 23 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 a b c Kang Hyun kyung 26 April 2014 Salvation sect suspected of backing Yoo s business The Korea Times Retrieved 23 May 2014 Gordts Eline 23 April 2014 Prosecutors Raid Home of South Korean Ferry Owner HuffPost Retrieved 30 May 2014 삼우 三友 트레이딩 이사 7명으로 출범 Daum 미디어다음 in Korean Media daum net Yonhap 25 July 1991 Retrieved 29 May 2014 이서현 24 April 2014 세모 부도뒤 수천억대 그룹 재건 권력비호 비리 정조준 뉴스 동아닷컴 The Dong a Ilbo in Korean Retrieved 29 May 2014 lt 세월호참사 gt 유병언 구원파 신도 자금으로 사업 시작 연합뉴스 in Korean Yonhapnews co kr Yonhap 24 April 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 Welcome to Semo Semo co kr Retrieved 22 June 2014 Korean Trade Directory Korean Traders Association 1988 p 1227 세월호 침몰 유병언 계열사 임원 상당수 구원파 in Korean Huffingtonpost kr 23 April 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 J Carr S M A Barrow Whiteside R 1989 Major Companies of the Far East Graham amp Trotman p 362 ISBN 9781853334092 SKorea ferry disaster suspect s daughter arrested in Paris Worldbulletin net Worldbulletin News 28 May 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 a b Hyung Jin kim 26 May 2014 South Korea offers 500 000 reward for tips about missing billionaire Sewol ferry owner Yoo Byung eun National Post Associated Press Retrieved 29 May 2014 Major Companies of the Far East 1989 1990 East Asia Graham amp Trotman 1 August 1989 p 389 ISBN 9781853332968 Liang Yun Alan Bliault 26 May 2000 Theory amp Design of Air Cushion Craft Butterworth Heinemann pp 40 ISBN 978 0 08 051906 7 a b c d Kim Miyoung 22 April 2014 Company that owned ill fated South Korea ferry has chequered past Reuters Retrieved 29 May 2014 a b Kim Jung yoon 19 April 2014 Offices of Sewol owner searched Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 19 April 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 Asia Magazine Vol 28 Asia Magazines Ltd January 1990 p 221 Then rolling through the middle of the city is that metallic blue heaving cummerbund around its waist the Han River Some like Semo Cruises start at the main Olympic stadium where in the soft whisper of the winter wind amid an empty 33 Bodies Found in Attic After Apparent Murder Suicide Pact Apnewsarchive com 29 August 1987 Archived from the original on 21 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Asiaweek Asiaweek Limited September 1987 when thirteen employees of Park s Odaeyang Trading Co were arrested for assaulting three creditors who demanded repayment of more than 600 000 When police brought Park in for questioning about 13 7 million in unpaid loans she fell ill and was taken to hospital Foster Carter Aidan 22 May 2014 The many masks of Yoo Byung eun Asia Times Archived from the original on 22 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Per Liljas 24 April 2014 Korean Ferry Disaster Millionaire Sewol Owner Yoo Byung eun Probed Time Retrieved 9 June 2014 32 People Found Dead in South Korean Plant New York Times The New York Times South Korea Yongin South Korea Associated Press 30 August 1987 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Korea Annual Hapdong News Agency 1988 p 53 The body of Park Sun ja head of Odaeyang Trading Co and 32 other bodies were found by her husband Lee Ki jong 53 on the ceiling brainwashed by the self imposed woman cult leader were persuaded to commit suicide by voluntarily taking toxicant before she took her own life Hong Gil dong 21 May 2014 Ferry owner s hideout raided The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 21 June 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 a b Prosecution looks into cult in ferry accident probe Yonhap 24 April 2014 Archived from the original on 24 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Jun Kwanwoo 28 April 2014 Patriarch of Family That Controls Ferry Operator Ends Silence The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 19 May 2014 Authorities search ferry owner s offices as probe widens in South Korea KWGN TV 23 April 2014 Archived from the original on 19 May 2014 Retrieved 19 May 2014 오대양사건 유병언 세모 회장과 어떤 관계 檢 유병언 일가 집중 수사 The Odaeyang Incident What does it have to do with Yoo the former president of Semo Co The Prosecutors are investigating Seoul News in Korean 24 April 2014 Archived from the original on 20 May 2014 Retrieved 20 May 2014 Kim Da ye 21 May 2014 Yoo family gets away The Korea Times Retrieved 21 May 2014 한예지 18 April 2014 오대양 사건 뭐길래 청해진해운 최대 주주 유병언 전 회장 두 아들 눈길 in Korean TV Daily Retrieved 26 June 2014 임주영 3 June 2014 쫓고 쫓기는 검찰과 유병언 20년 전과 유사 in Korean Yonhap News Retrieved 26 June 2014 Ko Dong hwan 24 April 2014 Infidel Sewol captain and sailors devout Guwon faithfuls The Korea Times Retrieved 23 May 2014 Korea Newsreview 27 52 Vol 20 Korea Herald Incorporated 1991 p 9 The prosecution investigating the mysterious mass deaths of Odaeyang cult followers is seeking a former female secretary of Semo Co President Yoo Byung eun hoping she could give clues The prosecution alleged that Song served as a medium in the transfer of Odaeyang money to Semo Co Park said he had obtained evidence that Yoo known as de facto leader of Kuwonpa or Salvation sect was involved in the incident and that Kuwonpa staffers had financial transactions with Odaeyang president Park Sun ja and other officials 시사저널 Sisapress com 8 August 1991 Archived from the original on 17 May 2012 Retrieved 25 May 2014 a b c d e Kim Hyng jin 23 May 2014 Reward Offered for Missing South Korea Ferry Owner Associated Press Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 a b Watchdog widens probe in all affiliates of Sewol operator Yonhap 25 April 2014 Archived from the original on 24 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Sunken Ferry Owner s Malpractice Chonghaejin Marine Company under Suspicion of Offshore Tax Evasion BusinessKorea 23 April 2014 Archived from the original on 25 April 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Kim Mi young Jin Hyun joo 22 April 2014 Company that owned ill fated South Korea ferry has chequered past Reuters Retrieved 26 May 2014 Asiaweek 27 51 Vol 17 Asiaweek Limited 1991 ARRESTED Yoo Byung Eun 50 leader of a South Korean religious sect and president of Semo a trading company on fraud charges in Taejon Aug 1 Known as Jesus to members of the Evangelical Baptist Church also called the Kuwonpa Salvation sect Yoo is accused of swindling 1 5 million from 34 people between 1982 and 1986 Last month ten sect members confessed they had killed three colleagues whom police had wanted in connection with the deaths of 32 people a b c d Seo Ji eun 26 May 2014 Sects money and tragedy have history in Korea Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 구원파 및 유병언 회장 관련 정정 및 반론보도 News1 Korea 3 November 2014 Retrieved 10 November 2014 정정보도문 구원파 및 유병언 회장 오대양 사건과 무관 Sports dongA 30 October 2014 Retrieved 10 November 2014 Korean Business Directory Chamber of Commerce of Korea 1990 p 556 Leave no stones unturned in investigating ferry sinking incident The Dong a Ilbo 19 April 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 The Dock and Harbour Authority Vol 75 Foxlow Publications Limited 1994 p 88 This ferry constructed by Semo Co Ltd at a new facility near Kosung was put into service by Semo s ferry s division on a route between Inchon and off lying islands This division operates a fleet of 30 ferries of which many are hydrofoils Fast Ferry International Vol 32 High Speed Surface Craft Limited 1993 p 13 Semo launches surface effect ship A 38m surface effect ship built in Korea by Semo Co and its ferry division fleet of almost 30 vessels includes eight fast ferries eight cruise boats and seven wharf floating restaurants on Seoul s Han River Asian Shipping Vol 169 180 Asia Trade Journals Limited 1993 p 106 Semo is a diversified group with a ferry division which owns and operates a fleet of 30 vessels including SESs hydrofoils ferries cruise boats and floating restaurants on Seoul s Han River Its shipbuilding division has been building specialist a b c d Lee Ji yoon 23 April 2014 Scandalous owner family of Sewol The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 21 June 2014 Retrieved 28 May 2014 Fast Ferry International Vol 43 High Speed Surface Craft Limited 2004 William H McAnally Ashish J Mehta January 2001 Coastal and Estuarine Fine Sediment Processes Gulf Professional Publishing pp 294 ISBN 978 0 444 50463 0 a b Find all political government leaders protecting Yoo Byeong eon The Dong a Ilbo 12 May 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 a b c Chonghaejin Marine s real owner hunted The Korea Times 22 April 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 a b c Hong Gil dong 24 April 2014 Travel ban slapped on ferry firm owner The Korea Herald Retrieved 29 May 2014 Courbefy le village fantome vendu a un artiste Courbefy the ghost town sold to an artist Sud Ouest in French Sudouest fr 22 May 2012 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Le hameau de Courbefy Haute Vienne adjuge 520 000 euros a l artiste Ahae The hamlet of Courbefy Haute Vienne awarded 520 000 euros to the artist Ahae Le Parisien in French Agence France Presse 21 May 2012 Archived from the original on 14 June 2015 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Courbefy un hameau abandonne vendu 520 000 euros a un artiste sud coreen Ahae Courbefy an abandoned hamlet sold for 520000 to a South Korean artist Ahae L Express in French 21 May 2012 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Lagier Franck 21 May 2012 Des Americains achetent Courbefy La Montagne in French lamontagne fr Retrieved 30 May 2014 Bouchez Yann 21 May 2012 Le hameau de Courbefy vendu pour 520 000 euros The hamlet of Courbefy sold for 520 000 euros Le Monde in French Retrieved 30 May 2014 de Mallevoue Delphine 23 July 2012 Un projet grandiose pour le hameau vendu aux encheres A grandiose project for the sold hamlet Le Figaro in French Retrieved 30 May 2014 Meltzer Steve 23 May 2012 American Landscape Photographer Buys An Entire French Village Cheap Imaging resource com Retrieved 30 May 2014 Morin Violaine 19 June 2014 Yoo Byung eun dit Ahae un bien encombrant mecene Yoo Byung eun aka Ahae a wealthy patron Le Figaro in French Retrieved 20 June 2014 Lee Hyo sik 16 June 2014 Yoo affects French town s fate The Korea Times Retrieved 20 June 2014 123 Farm 123 Farm Retrieved 30 May 2014 De ma fenetre Through my window Expo photo s dans au Jardin des Tuileries de Paris Korea Press Production le site de l agence de presse coreenne ACPP in French Korea press production com Retrieved 30 May 2014 Highland Springs Resort Hsresort com 6 September 2012 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Kim Yon se 23 April 2014 Mogul s home offices raided in ferry probe The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 a b 청해진해운 유병언 전 회장 활동명 딴 아해 어떤 기업 Money Today in Korean News mt co kr 22 April 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Keller Michelle 19 May 2006 Making the Guests Visit Greener Los Angeles Times Retrieved 30 May 2014 Colon hydrotherapy equipment for automatically supplying and blocking certain quantity and temperature of water and controlling water pressure spray strength and spray speed Patent ipexl com Retrieved 30 May 2014 IFIA Invention Show Seoul International Invention Fair COEX Seoul 7 11 December 2006 Invention ifia ch 11 December 2006 Retrieved 30 May 2014 더 나은 라이프스타일 내클리어 Naeclear com Retrieved 30 May 2014 Hemato Centric Life Institute Hcli com Retrieved 30 May 2014 Board of Directors Hemato Centric Life Institute 10 March 2012 Archived from the original on 10 March 2012 Retrieved 30 May 2014 2012 Seoul Hemato Centric Life Forum Hemato Centric Life Institute 28 October 2013 Archived from the original on 28 October 2013 Retrieved 30 May 2014 2013 Seoul Hemato Centric Life Forum Hemato Centric Life Institute 6 April 2013 Archived from the original on 28 October 2013 Retrieved 30 May 2014 박병역 24 April 2014 대한신보 인류시조성전건립회 Daehan Sindbo in Korean Daehansinbo com Retrieved 30 May 2014 www wbr ebcworld wbr org a b c Korean photographer AHAE and Ahae Press express profound sadness to Sewol ferry victims and condolences to the families of those lost and injured Press release New York Ahae Press Inc PR Newswire 25 April 2014 Archived from the original on 24 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Harris Garreth 22 May 2014 Artist linked to Korean ferry disaster The Art Newspaper Retrieved 31 May 2014 고미석 24 April 2014 사진작가 아해 처음 듣는 인물 뉴스 동아닷컴 The Dong a Ilbo Retrieved 31 May 2014 김지훈 23 May 2014 유병언 사진전 개최한 파리의 아해프레스 가봤더니 Money Today in Korean News mt co kr Retrieved 31 May 2014 a b Lesauvage Magali 10 June 2014 Mecene artiste gourou ennemi public l improbable affaire Ahae Patron artist guru public enemy the improbable Ahae case in French Exponaute com Retrieved 16 June 2014 a b Knizak Milan 2012 Book on Ahae KANT Karel Kerlicky p 295 ISBN 978 80 7437 077 9 a b c d Kim Connie 19 May 2014 Speculation about Sewol ho ferry owner s whereabouts rises again Arirang News Archived from the original on 19 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Events Hemato Centric Life Institute Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Highland Springs Resort Exhibition Hsresort com Retrieved 31 May 2014 Through My Window Photographs by Ahae Duggal Connect 22 April 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2014 Nature Photography Exhibit Opens in Vanderbilt Hall Today Grand Central Partnership 29 April 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2014 Ahae Exhibition Produced by Duggal at Grand Central Terminal Pdnonline com 18 April 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2014 Furlan Julia New Photo Exhibit by Ahae Opens in Grand Central Station WNYC Retrieved 21 May 2014 Through My Window Solo Exhibition of Photographs by Ahae October 2011 Art news Cassone Cassone art com Retrieved 21 May 2014 Artist Ahae Gives Bird s eye View Fashion Scoops Fashion Women s Wear Daily 13 October 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2014 a b c Jackson Stevens Anna The Fourth Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art 4th moscowbiennale ru Retrieved 1 June 2014 a b c Milner Catherine 2 July 2013 The Extraordinary within the Ordinary Versailles review Financial Times Retrieved 1 June 2014 A window on the extraordinary at Versailles Art Media Agency En artmediaagency com Retrieved 1 June 2014 Gosling Emily 27 June 2012 The Partners creates identity for Louvre exhibition Design Week Retrieved 1 June 2014 National Gallery displays Korean Ahae s photographs in European premiere Prague Monitor Czech News Agency 15 July 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2014 Ahae Press Exhibition Lancaster House Event Thinkeatdrink co uk Retrieved 31 May 2014 Rogers Mimi Fronczak 10 August 2011 Ahae Through My Window Galleries Night amp Day The Prague Post Praguepost cz Retrieved 21 May 2014 Ahae Exhibit Multimedia The Moscow Times Retrieved 21 May 2014 Ahae Through my window in Italian Artribune Retrieved 21 May 2014 Mariotti Roberto 11 December 2011 Arte e Arti articolo Through my window al MNAF in Italian Artearti net Retrieved 21 May 2014 Ai Magazzini del Sale di Venezia arriva il fotografo Ahae terza tappa di un tour di due anni E un milione e mezzo di fotografie The photographer Ahae is coming to Venice s Magazzini del Sale third leg of a two year tour And one and a half million of photos in Italian Exibart com 21 March 2012 Retrieved 21 May 2014 South Korea s most wanted man The Chronicle Herald Thechronicleherald ca 14 June 2014 Retrieved 15 June 2014 Hasquenoph Bernard 10 June 2014 Affaire Ahae je ne suis pas un fantome meme si Le Monde m oublie The Ahae Case I m no phantom although Le Monde forgets me in French louvrepourtous fr Retrieved 15 June 2014 a b c La Communaute alternative des Coreens a Paris The community of Koreans living in Paris 12 June 2014 공개편지 프랑스 문화부장관 전 루브르박물관 관장 베르사이유궁 대표에게 Open letter to The French Culture Minister former director of The Louvre Versailles Palace representative in French and Korean Pariscopain fr Retrieved 15 June 2014 Sumer Rose 14 November 2012 Exhibition Designed by NYIT Professor Prepares for 2013 Tour NYIT Nyit 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Michael Nyman Through The Only Window Music CD by Ahae Products Ahaeproducts com Retrieved 31 May 2014 a b Mathieu Beatrice 10 June 2014 Ahae artiste gangster et mecene du Louvre Ahae artist gangster and patron of the Louvre L Express in French Retrieved 16 June 2014 a b c Hasquenoph Bernard 29 August 2013 Ahae a Versailles le privilege de l argent Ahae at Versailles the privilege of money in French louvrepourtous fr Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2014 a b c Kim Da ye 23 May 2012 Yoo family has interacted with famous people The Korea Times Retrieved 23 May 2014 Rapport d Activite du Fonds de Dotation du Louvre pour 2012 Activity Report of the Endowment Fund of the Louvre 2012 PDF in French The Louvre Archived from the original PDF on 20 April 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Mecene Un entrepreneur et artiste coreen AHAE Montant 1 1 million d euros Affectation Sans affectation particuliere Patron A Korean entrepreneur and artist AHAE Amount 1 1 million euros Assignment No specific allocation AHAE De ma fenetre AHAE Through My Window PDF in French AHAE com Archived PDF from the original on 5 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Desprez Sonia 25 June 2012 Le reve de nature d Ahae Ahae s dream of nature A Nous Paris in French A Nous Paris SAS 571 24 25 Retrieved 1 June 2014 L exposition a un cout important Avez vous des mecenes Non Nous financons tout avec l argent de nos differentes societes Nous ne sommes pas interesses par les pressions exterieures et souhaitons jouir d une totale liberte Pegard Catherine AHAE The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary En chateauversailles fr Archived from the original on 21 May 2014 Retrieved 21 May 2014 Chaundy Bob 10 September 2013 The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary Ahae HuffPost Retrieved 21 May 2014 Rinn Natalie 25 June 2013 Simple Photos From South Korea Light Up the Grand Galleries of Versailles The New York Times Retrieved 3 June 2014 Alberge Dalya 23 June 2013 Rich Korean recluse hires the LSO to blow his trumpet The Sunday Times Archived from the original on 2 June 2014 Retrieved 1 June 2014 The 70 year old businessman known simply as Ahae has asked Michael Nyman to create a symphony for the occasion It will be performed at the Orangerie of the Chateau de Versailles the 17th century royal palace where several hundred of the 2 6m images captured by Ahae will go on display this week News Nyman Symphony No 6 premiere Music Sales Classical 6 September 2013 Archived from the original on 22 May 2014 Retrieved 31 May 2014 The Music Sales Group Michael Nyman Symphony No 6 AHAE Premier The Music Sales Group Archived from the original on 22 May 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2014 Bacri Nicolas Biographie En Nicolasbacri net Retrieved 31 May 2014 Un jardin contemporain pour le bosquet du theatre d eau A contemporary garden for the Water Theater Grove PDF in French Chateau de Versailles 28 January 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 17 June 2014 Retrieved 17 June 2014 Bosquet du Theatre d Eau Chateau de Versailles in French Chateauversailles fr Archived from the original on 18 December 2014 Retrieved 31 May 2014 Launet Eduard 27 March 2013 Versailles redebusque son bosquet Versailles re flushes its grove Liberation in French Retrieved 17 June 2014 Dernier acteur de cette reinterpretation le photographe poete peintre entrepreneur philanthrope etc et mecene coreen Ahae Ce septuagenaire tres choye par les institutions culturelles francaises a accepte de prendre en charge le cout du nouveau bosquet soit 1 4 million d euros L an dernier les photos d Ahae ont ete presentees dans une expo organisee dans le jardin des Tuileries Liberation du 5 August 2012 Elles le seront a nouveau cet ete dans l orangerie de Versailles Mathieu Beatrice Saubaber Delphine Mesmer Philippe Naufrage en Coree Monsieur Yoo gourou et voyou Shipwreck in Korea Mr Yoo guru and thug L Express in French Retrieved 12 July 2014 Iribarnegaray Leah 8 August 2013 A Versailles le mecene Ahae se met en scene At Versailles the patron Ahae takes the stage Liberation in French Retrieved 16 June 2014 a b c Jacques Follorou Mesmer Philippe 10 June 2014 Le proprietaire du ferry naufrage ennemi public a Seoul ami des musees a Paris The owner of the wrecked ferry public enemy in Seoul friend of museums in Paris Le Monde in French Retrieved 16 June 2014 Sage Adam 14 June 2014 How missing Korean ferry boss fooled the French elite The Times Retrieved 16 June 2014 Now Bernard Hasquenoph the editor of Louvre Pour Tous a website dedicated to the Louvre has revealed that Ahae donated 1 1 million 877 000 to the museum at the time of his exhibition He then gave 5 million to Versailles He turns up with his money and he pays prestigious places to exhibit his work and buys recognition Mr Hasquenoph said Rapport annuel d activite 2012 Annual activity report 2012 PDF in French Chateau de Versailles Archived PDF from the original on 15 July 2014 Retrieved 15 July 2014 Kleiber Marie Anne 14 July 2014 Versailles un theatre d eau et de perles Versailles a water theater and pearls Le Journal du Dimanche in French Retrieved 15 July 2014 Nature photography in Versailles Seoulful visions The Economist 15 July 2013 Retrieved 5 June 2014 Hasquenoph Bernard 15 June 2014 Au Louvre le naufrage du mecenat At the Louvre the sinking of patronage Liberation in French Retrieved 16 June 2014 Hasquenoph Bernard 13 June 2014 Affaire Ahae les Coreens de France interpellent Aurelie Filippetti Ahae Affaire The Koreans in France challenge Aurelie Filippetti in French louvrepourtous fr Retrieved 16 June 2014 Oui a l artiste Lee Ufan non a l affairiste Ahae Yes to the artist Lee Ufan not the wheeler Ahae Association d amitie franco coreenne in French Amitiefrancecoree org 16 June 2014 Retrieved 16 June 2014 Le Monde French people criticize Louvre for taking donation from Yoo The Dong a Ilbo 12 June 2014 Retrieved 16 June 2014 Un mecene bien encombrant Le Journal des Arts in French Lejournaldesarts fr 416 20 June 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 Touche Coule Atlantes amp Cariatides Atlantesetcariatides wordpress com 20 June 2014 Retrieved 26 June 2014 a b Hasquenoph Bernard 3 July 2014 Ahae annule au Festival des forets la lettre de Laurent Fabius Ahae canceled at the Forest Festival the letter of Laurent Fabius in French louvrepourtous fr Retrieved 3 July 2014 a b Gignoux Sabine 3 July 2014 Apres Compiegne Laurent Fabius va intervenir a Versailles contre Ahae After Compiegne Laurent Fabius will intervene against Ahae at Versailles La Croix in French Retrieved 3 July 2014 Concert de Gala Gala Concert in French festivaldesforets fr Archived from the original on 5 June 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 Guennec Pierrig 27 May 2014 Un mecene du Festival des forets recherche par la police coreenne A patron of the Forest Festival sought by the Korean police Le Courrier picard in French Courrier picard fr Archived from the original on 2 June 2014 Retrieved 1 June 2014 Hasquenoph Bernard 26 May 2014 Ahae mecene d un concert de gala au Theatre Imperial de Compiegne Ahae patron of a gala concert at the Theatre Imperial de Compiegne in French louvrepourtous fr Retrieved 1 June 2014 A Compiegne le mecene plonge le festival dans l embarras At Compiegne patron plunges the festival into embarrassment Courrier picard in French 1 July 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Debes Vicent 2 July 2014 COMPIEGNE Le Festival des forets coupe les ponts avec son mecene Compiegne The Forest Festival cut ties with their patron Courrier picard in French Retrieved 2 July 2014 Belingard Christian 2 July 2014 Le ministre des Affaires etrangeres Laurent Fabius intervient indirectement dans l affaire Ahae The Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius indirectly involved in the Ahae case France 3 Retrieved 2 July 2014 France Wants South Korea Ferry Owner Event Scrapped NDTV Agence France Presse 4 July 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Naufrage en Coree polemique a Compiegne Shipwreck in Korea Controversy at Compiegne Le Figaro in French 3 July 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Communique de presse Festival des Forets Concert du 4 juillet 2014 Press release Forest Festival Concert on 4 July 2014 PDF in French festivaldesforets fr 2 July 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 4 July 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Kim Yon se 6 July 2014 Ferry owner barred from holding French exhibit The Korea Herald Retrieved 7 July 2014 Kim Sarah Noh Jin ho 8 July 2014 France moves to call off event with Yoo s work Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 7 July 2014 Hasquenoph Bernard 14 May 2014 La Philharmonie de Paris maintiendra t elle une expo Ahae malgre l affaire du Sewol Will the Philharmonie de Paris still hold an Ahae exhibition despite the Sewol affair in French louvrepourtous fr Retrieved 1 June 2014 기사입력 24 May 2014 파리 필하모니 홈페이지서 유병언 사진전 사라진 이유 in Korean Biz heraldcorp com Retrieved 1 June 2014 Ojardias Frederic 27 April 2014 Coree le scandaleux proprietaire du ferry naufrage Korea the outrageous owner of the wrecked ferry La Croix in French Retrieved 1 June 2014 a b c d Nam In soo Lee Min jeong Kwaak Jeyup S 23 April 2014 South Korea Ferry Probe Cargo Was Three Times Recommended Maximum The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 1 June 2014 Chonghaejin s audit report for last year showed the company spent 541 000 won 521 on crew training including evacuation drills as it ran a 2013 operating loss of 785 million won In comparison Daea Express Shipping Co which runs four ferries on the one hour Incheon Deokjuk island route spent 11 14 million won on crew training last year de Morel Pierrick 24 April 2014 Coree du Sud qui est Yoo Byung Eun proprietaire du ferry naufrage South Korea who is Yoo Byung Eun owner of the wrecked ferry in French Franceinfo fr Retrieved 1 June 2014 Park Ju min 16 April 2014 More than 300 people missing after South Korea ferry sinks coast guard Reuters Withnall Adam 26 May 2014 South Korea ferry disaster Civilian divers scouring the Sewol wreckage are being paid by the body presidential office suggests The Independent Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 28 May 2014 Hong Gil dong 18 April 2014 Major disasters in Korea The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 12 June 2014 Retrieved 31 May 2014 Over 280 missing after South Korean ferry capsizes Reuters 16 April 2014 Archived from the original on 5 June 2014 a b Ferry Operator s Owner Ready to Give Away Fortune The Chosun Ilbo 25 April 2014 Retrieved 28 May 2014 a b Pearson Michael 24 April 2014 Meet the millionaire tied to South Korean ferry sinking probe CNN Retrieved 19 May 2014 Kim Narae 26 April 2014 Boy who raised alarm on doomed Korean ferry had no time to call parents Cornwall Standard Freeholder Retrieved 19 May 2014 Kim Da ye 30 April 2014 Who controls Semo Group The Korea Times Retrieved 29 May 2014 Park Eun jee 24 May 2014 Prosecutors warn anyone who helps Yoo escape Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Mundy Simon 21 May 2014 South Korean sect ends stand off over Sewol ferry disaster Financial Times Retrieved 29 May 2014 Prosecution raided sunken ferry operator affiliates Yonhap 23 April 2014 Retrieved 23 June 2014 a b Na Jeong ju 6 May 2014 Yoo used 100 bogus firms for embezzlement The Korea Times Archived from the original on 23 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Kang Seung woo 28 April 2014 Salvation sect stages protest rally The Korea Times Retrieved 23 June 2014 Sewol suspects assets to be seized Korea JoongAng Daily Yonhap 28 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Kim Da ye 29 April 2014 Yoo tries to protect reputation as photographer The Korea Times Retrieved 5 June 2014 a b c Investigators Confirm Ownership of Ferry Operator english chosun com Retrieved 24 December 2022 a b Yoo tried using clout in France koreajoongangdaily joins com 4 June 2014 Retrieved 24 December 2022 Yoo may face homicide charges koreatimes 9 May 2014 Retrieved 24 December 2022 Yoo directed Sewol remodeling testimony says koreajoongangdaily joins com 19 May 2014 Retrieved 24 December 2022 a b Jeong Hyo sik 20 May 2014 Yoo directed Sewol remodeling testimony says Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 21 May 2014 Kim Yon se 28 May 2014 Yoo ignored ferry s problems prosecution The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 22 June 2014 Retrieved 26 May 2014 Ferry Owner Deeply Involved in Operations The Chosun Ilbo 27 May 2014 Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b c d Lee Hyo sik 22 May 2014 Arrest warrant issued for Yoo The Korea Times Archived from the original on 22 May 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2014 Ferry Owner Put on Most Wanted List The Chosun Ilbo 23 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Kim Da ye 28 April 2014 Sewol owner s paper companies raided The Korea Times Retrieved 28 April 2014 a b c d Hong Gil dong 2 May 2014 Prosecution issues ultimatum to ferry owner family aides The Korea Herald Retrieved 30 May 2014 Head of Sunken Ferry Operator Appears for Probe as Suspect english kbs co kr 29 April 2014 Retrieved 29 April 2014 Prosecution seeks to indict fugitive Sewol owner The Korea Herald 30 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 a b Borowiec Steven 21 May 2014 Church compound raided in probe of South Korean ferry tragedy Los Angeles Times Retrieved 30 May 2014 Cowardly Ferry Owner Must Face the Law The Chosun Ilbo 14 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b c Hong Gil dong 20 May 2014 Sewol owner may have fled church compound The Korea Herald Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b W20 Billion of Ferry Owner s Properties Seized The Chosun Ilbo 20 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Why Seizing Ferry Owner s Assets Is Vital The Chosun Ilbo 22 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Prosecutors Investigate Foul Play at Ferry Operator The Chosun Ilbo 23 April 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Sewol owner s paper companies raided The Korea Times 28 April 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Hong Gil dong 24 April 2014 FSS seeks to freeze Sewol cash flows The Korea Herald Retrieved 30 May 2014 Mystery Surrounds Dubious Owner of Ferry Operator The Chosun Ilbo 28 April 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b Park Min woo 16 May 2014 Another arrest sought in hunt for South Korean ferry operator owner Reuters Retrieved 30 May 2014 Sewol Owner Yoo rudely uses ambassadors to show off his popularity Korea Post Koreapost com 28 May 2014 Archived from the original on 31 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Ferry Owner Signed Property Over to Cult The Chosun Ilbo 22 May 2014 Archived from the original on 24 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Ferry Owner Summoned for Questioning The Chosun Ilbo 14 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b Kim Da ye 14 May 2014 Cult followers in standoff with prosecution The Korea Times Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b Ferry Owner s Son on Most Wanted List The Chosun Ilbo 15 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Hong Gil dong 14 May 2014 Cult linked to ferry firm resists law The Korea Herald Retrieved 30 May 2014 a b Lee Hyo sik 24 May 2012 Cat and mouse game continues for Yoo clan The Korea Times Retrieved 25 May 2014 a b Lee Hyo sik 25 May 2014 Reward for Yoo raised 10 fold The Korea Times Retrieved 25 May 2014 a b Park Eun jee 24 May 2014 Prosecutors warn anyone who helps Yoo escape Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b c Kim Da ye 26 May 2014 Search for Yoo continues after raids The Korea Times Retrieved 27 May 2014 Fugitive Sewol ho ferry owner spotted in southern Korea Arirang News 26 May 2012 Archived from the original on 1 June 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 TV Actress Jeon Yang ja Close Aide to Yoo Byung eon I Will Obey Prosecutor s Summons Yonhap 22 May 2014 Archived from the original on 15 June 2015 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Moon Kim bong 27 May 2014 Sect announces it will not let Yoo be arrested Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b c Lee Hyo sik 24 May 2012 Interpol nabs Yoo s daughter in France The Korea Times Retrieved 29 May 2014 Manhunt for fugitive ferry owner closing in prosecution Yonhap 27 May 2014 Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 LEAD Park orders quick arrest of fugitive ferry owner Yonhap 27 May 2013 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Kim Da ye 1 June 2014 50 000 police officers mobilized to search for Yoo The Korea Times Retrieved 9 June 2014 Naufrage du Sewol le proprietaire somme de se presenter au bureau du procureur Sinking of Sewol the owner ordered to report to the prosecutor s office People s Daily in French 14 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Investigation into ferry accident continues Arirang News 4 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Archived copy Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Moreal Design Ahae Exhibition Produced by Duggal at Grand Central Terminal Pdnonline com Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b S Korean prosecutors to summon sunken ferry s suspected owner China Central Television 13 May 2014 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Hong Gil dong 9 May 2014 Sewol probe expands as victims anger boils over The Korea Herald Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b c Hong Gil dong 11 May 2014 Brother aide of ferry firm owner grilled over corruption The Korea Herald Retrieved 27 May 2014 a b Park Eun jee Jeong Hyo sik 23 May 2014 Hunt begins for Yoos assets abroad Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 27 May 2014 Lee Sung eun 29 May 2014 Yoo remains elusive as prosecutors narrow search Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 29 May 2014 a b c Hong Gil dong 23 May 2014 Yoo s children make Interpol s red notice list The Korea Herald Retrieved 27 May 2014 Hong Gil dong 27 May 2014 Sunken ferry owner s daughter detained in France The Korea Herald Retrieved 27 May 2014 Lee Hyo sik 24 May 2012 Interpol nabs Yoo s daughter in France The Korea Times Retrieved 27 May 2014 Ferry Owner s Daughter Arrested in France Korean Broadcasting System 27 May 2014 Retrieved 28 May 2014 Daughter of Fugitive South Korea Ferry Owner Arrested Faces Judge Voice of America 28 May 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 Fugitive Korean tycoon s daughter detained in Paris as part of Sewol investigation Australian Broadcasting Corporation Agence France Presse 29 May 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2014 Ferry Owner s Daughter Claims She Is Victim of Witch Hunt The Chosun Ilbo 30 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 French court denies bail for daughter of South Korean ferry family s head Reuters 11 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Daughter of S Korean tycoon linked to Sewol ferry stays jailed in France Asian Correspondent Associated Press 10 July 2014 Retrieved 10 July 2014 Lee Hyo sik 3 July 2014 French court to decide on whether to extradite Yoo s daughter in September The Korea Times Retrieved 15 July 2014 Hong Gil dong 12 June 2014 Yoo s daughter could appeal to EU The Korea Herald Retrieved 22 June 2014 Naufrage du traversier en Coree Yoo Som Na reste en detention en France Sinking of the ferry in Korea Yoo Som na remains in custody in France Journal de Quebec in French Agence France Presse 11 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Naufrage en Coree Qui est Yoo Byung Eun l homme le plus recherche de Coree du Sud Shipwreck in Korea Who is Yoo Byung Eun the most wanted man in South Korea 20 Minutes in French Agence France Presse 11 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 LEAD Woman linked to Sewol operator to be extradited from France Yonhap News Agency 2 June 2017 Retrieved 7 June 2017 LEAD Woman linked to Sewol operator arrested in France Yonhap News Agency 7 June 2017 Retrieved 7 June 2017 2nd LD Woman linked to Sewol operator arrested in France Yonhap News Agency 7 June 2017 Retrieved 7 June 2017 Ferry owner s close aide grilled over corruption allegations Yonhap 30 April 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Probe Reveals Coast Guard Official Worked at Semo Tbs seoul kr 1 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Kim Da ye 1 May 2014 Semo Group affiliates raided The Korea Times Retrieved 29 June 2014 페이지를 찾을 수 없습니다 English kbs co kr Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Park Eun jee 2 May 2014 Doomed Sewol carried three times its cargo limit Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b South Korea ferry disaster Probe finds ship lacked features for holding cargo in place The Straits Times 2 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b c Park Eun jee 8 May 2014 Seoul to ask FBI for help in tracking Yoo family Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 29 June 2014 South Korea s Leader and Media Face Scrutiny Over Ferry Disaster The New York Times 10 May 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Hong Gil dong 1 May 2014 Probe into ferry Sewol finds cargo mishandled The Korea Herald Retrieved 29 June 2014 3rd LD Prosecutors to question sunken ferry s suspected owner Yonhap 13 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Park Eun jee 17 June 2014 Trial begins for executives who ran Yoo s empire Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Extradition of Ferry Owner s Family Cronies Sought The Chosun Ilbo 26 May 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 Prosecution receives tip offs regarding fugitive Sewol owner Yonhap 23 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Prosecutors seek arrest warrants for ferry owner s aides Yonhap 7 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b 3rd LD Prosecution moves to seize Sewol owner family s assets Yonhap 28 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b c d Kim Da ye 12 May 2014 Yoo s children all snub prosecution s summonses The Korea Times Retrieved 9 June 2014 유병언 측근 김동환 다판다 감사 구속기소 News1 kr 29 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 檢 유병언 사진 고가강매 주도 측근 구속기소 연합뉴스 Yonhapnews co kr Yonhap 31 May 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Kim Da ye 16 June 2014 Yoo s second son masterminded embezzlement scheme The Korea Times Retrieved 25 June 2014 Sewol owner s close aides deny charges as trial opens Yonhap 16 June 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Yoo Byung eun s Aides Deny Charges Against Them During First Trial Today Tbsefm seoul kr 16 June 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 16 June 2014 Ferry firm unit chiefs admit payments to Yoo The Korea Herald Retrieved 29 June 2014 Park Eun jee 18 June 2014 One month on Yoo Byung eun remains elusive Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Hong Gil dong 19 June 2014 Sunken ferry owner s wife placed on wanted list The Korea Herald Retrieved 22 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 4 June 2014 Yoo s in law arrested for embezzlement The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 Ferry Owner s Brother in Law Arrested The Chosun Ilbo 5 June 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2014 Lee Hyo sik 8 June 2014 Yoo proves sly media user The Korea Times Retrieved 24 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 8 June 2014 Prosecutors set to summon Yoo s wife The Korea Herald Retrieved 24 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 15 June 2014 Prosecution speeds up probe into Yoo s relatives aides The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 a b Hong Gil dong 24 June 2014 Ferry owner s in law indicted for embezzlement The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 Fugitive Sewol owner s brother in law to stand trial Yonhap 24 June 2014 Retrieved 25 June 2014 Kim Bong moon 12 May 2014 Former politician questioned in case against Yoo Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 25 June 2014 McCoy Terrence 13 June 2014 The incredible South Korean hunt for the billionaire church leader who owned that ferry The Washington Post Retrieved 25 June 2014 Park Ju min 12 June 2014 South Korea sect talks of deer and fireflies startled by police raid Reuters Retrieved 25 June 2014 Kim Bong moon 14 June 2014 Sewol probe arrests Yoo s 75 year old brother Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 25 June 2014 Noh Jin ho 16 June 2014 Detention warrant requested for Yoo s brother Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 25 June 2014 a b Fugitive ferry owner s brother close aides to stand trial Yonhap 2 July 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Sewol owner s retreat raided The Korea Herald 11 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Brother of fugitive Yoo caught The Korea Times 13 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 a b c Lee Hyo sik 4 June 2014 Ex diplomat helped Yoo seek asylum The Korea Times Retrieved 4 June 2014 South Korean 73 linked to ferry disaster fails in asylum bid Yahoo News Yahoo News Reuters 3 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 LEAD Fugitive Sewol owner tries to seek asylum prosecution Yonhap 3 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Kim Da ye 3 June 2014 Yoo denied political asylum The Korea Times Retrieved 3 June 2014 S Korea ferry owner seeks asylum report The West Australian Yahoo News Agence France Presse 3 June 2014 Archived from the original on 7 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 a b c d Park Eun jee 5 June 2014 Yoo tried using clout in France Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 4 June 2014 Kim Da ye 6 June 2014 Yoo contacted 4 embassies for asylum The Korea Times Retrieved 7 June 2014 Noh Jin ho Kim Bong moon 21 June 2013 Prosecutors police shift their search for elder Yoo Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 22 June 2014 a b Park Eun jee 23 June 2014 Yoo s wife questioned after her arrest Korea JoongAng Daily Retrieved 22 June 2014 a b Hong Gil dong 3 June 2014 Arrest warrants issued for two ship inspectors The Korea Herald Retrieved 22 June 2014 Kim Da ye Chung Hyun chae 20 June 2014 Yoo s brother in law in custody The Korea Times Retrieved 22 June 2014 a b Hong Gil dong 26 June 2014 Prosecution pressures Yoo to turn himself in The Korea Herald Retrieved 27 June 2014 Ferry Owner s Brother Arrested The Chosun Ilbo 23 June 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Why Are Ferry Disaster Suspects Held on Different Charges The Chosun Ilbo 27 June 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2014 Fugitive Sewol Ferry Owner s Wife Put on Wanted List 24 7kpop com 19 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Fugitive ferry owner s wife under arrest for alleged embezzlement GlobalPost Yonhap 21 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 21 June 2014 Fugitive ferry owner s wife arrested The Korea Herald Retrieved 22 June 2014 S Korea ferry fugitive s wife is arrested Gulf Times Agence France Presse 22 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Park Ju min 22 June 2014 South Korea Sewol ferry disaster wife of most wanted businessman arrested The Independent Reuters Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 22 June 2014 Warrant sought for Sewol owner s wife The Korea Herald Retrieved 22 June 2014 Kim Da ye 24 June 2014 Arrest warrant sought for Yoo s wife The Korea Times Retrieved 24 June 2014 a b LEAD Fugitive Sewol owner s brother in law to stand trial Yonhap 24 June 2014 Retrieved 25 June 2014 Fugitive Korean ferry owner s wife charged News ninemsn com au Agence France Presse 14 July 2014 Retrieved 15 July 2014 Kim Se jeong 24 May 2012 Yoo s brother apprehended The Korea Times Retrieved 25 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 22 June 2014 Police detain fugitive ferry owner s brother The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 Hong Gil dong 23 June 2014 JYP Entertainment probed over Sewol The Korea Herald Retrieved 25 June 2014 Fugitive ferry owner s brother detained for alleged embezzlement Yonhap 25 June 2014 Retrieved 26 June 2014 Fugitive ferry owner s brother detained for alleged embezzlement Yonhap 25 June 2014 Retrieved 27 June 2014 Kim Se jeong 26 June 2014 Yoo believed to be using Viber to evade investigators The Korea Times Retrieved 27 June 2014 Arrest warrant sought for fugitive ferry owner s close aide Yonhap 27 June 2014 Retrieved 27 June 2014 Korean yard files TradeWinds 26 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Major shareholder of S Korean ferry operator applies for receivership Reuters 23 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 Gov t Lays Claim to Ferry Owner s Assets The Chosun Ilbo 27 June 2014 Retrieved 27 June 2014 Prosecutors look to seize assets of sunken ferry owner Arirang co kr 27 June 2014 Retrieved 27 June 2014 Gov t files for asset seizure against sunken ferry owner Yonhap 26 June 2014 Retrieved 2 July 2014 a b Court orders seizure of assets of those responsible for ferry disaster Yonhap 4 July 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Investigators Very close to finding Sewol ho ferry owner Arirang News 27 May 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Eldest Daughter of Yoo Byeong eon Arrested in Paris She Will Stand in a Local Trial if She Resists Extradition Kyunghyang Shinmun 28 May 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Ferry Owner Buys Land While on the Run The Chosun Ilbo 2 July 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 Hong Gil dong 9 July 2014 Prosecution to seek arrest warrant for ferry owner again The Korea Herald Retrieved 10 July 2014 a b Authorities still searching for owner of sunken Sewol ho ferry Arirang News 21 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 a b Ferry Owner s Children Go Underground The Chosun Ilbo 13 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Ferry Owner Cult Members Barricade Compound The Chosun Ilbo 15 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 LEAD Sewol owner put on wanted list Yonhap 22 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Bounty on Fugitive Ferry Owner s Head Increased The Chosun Ilbo 26 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Daughter of Fugitive South Korea Ferry Owner Arrested Faces Judge Voice of America 28 May 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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