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Wikipedia

Prabowo Subianto

March 04, 2023

Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (born 17 October 1951) is an Indonesian politician, businessman and former army lieutenant general who is the currently-appointed Minister of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia.[1][2] He is the son of Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, an Indonesian economist, and Dora Sigar. He is the former husband of Titiek Suharto, the late President Suharto's second daughter. They were married in 1983 and divorced in 1998 during the Indonesian political crisis.[3]

Lieutenant General (Ret.)
Prabowo Subianto
Official portrait, 2019
26th Minister of Defense
Assumed office
23 October 2019
PresidentJoko Widodo
Preceded byRyamizard Ryacudu
Leader of Gerindra
Assumed office
20 September 2014
Preceded bySuhardi
22nd Commander of Kostrad
In office
20 March 1998 – 22 May 1998
PresidentSuharto
Preceded bySoegijono
Succeeded byJohny Lumintang
15th General Commander of Kopassus
In office
1 December 1995 – 20 March 1998
PresidentSuharto
Preceded bySubagyo Hadi Siswoyo
Succeeded byMuchdi Purwopranjono
Personal details
Born
Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo

(1951-10-17) 17 October 1951 (age 71)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Political partyGerindra
Other political
affiliations		Golkar (until 2008)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1983; div. 1998)​
ChildrenDidit Hediprasetyo
RelativesRahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo (nephew)
Alma materIndonesian Military Academy
Signature
Website
Military service
Allegiance Indonesia
Branch/service Indonesian Army
Years of service1974–1998
Rank Lieutenant General
UnitKopassus
CommandsKopassus
Kostrad
Battles/wars

Prabowo graduated from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1970 and served in the Special Forces (Kopassus) until his appointment as chief of the Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad) in 1998. That same year, he was dishonorably discharged from the military and subsequently banned from entering the United States because of alleged human rights violations. He has been described as nationalist-right[disambiguation needed].[4][5][6]

In early 2008, Prabowo's inner circle, including Fadli Zon, established the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra). In the 2009 presidential election, he ran unsuccessfully for the vice-presidency as Megawati Sukarnoputri's running mate.[7] He contested the 2014 presidential election[8] and was defeated by Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo, which he initially disputed.[9] He made another unsuccessful run for the presidency in 2019 with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party.[10][11] His refusal to accept the result saw his followers stage protests that sparked deadly riots in Jakarta.[12]

On 10 October 2021, Gerindra announced Prabowo as their candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election.[13] In June 2022, Prabowo initially declined the party's nomination, stating that he wanted to give the opportunity to another politician to run for the presidency.[14][15] Despite his declining the bid, Gerindra insisted on his nomination.[16] On 12 August 2022, Prabowo announced that he accepted Gerindra's nomination to contest the 2024 presidential election.[17]

Family background

 
Prabowo, 12 years old (standing right), with his siblings and grandparents, Margono Djojohadikusumo and Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo

Prabowo's father, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, was an economist who served as former President Suharto's minister for the economy and minister for research and technology.[18] Sumitro named Prabowo after his own younger brother, a martyr hero who died in a battle against the Japanese in Lengkong, Tangerang during the Indonesian National Revolution.[19] Prabowo's mother, Dora Maria Sigar, was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent, who originated from the Sigar-Maengkom family in Langowan, North Sulawesi.[20]

Prabowo has two older sisters, Bintianingsih and Mayrani Ekowati, and one younger brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo. Hashim's pribumi conglomerate business interests stretch from Indonesia to Canada and Russia.[21] Between 1966 and 1968, the family lived in London, where Prabowo attended and graduated from The American School in London.[22] Sumitro subsequently encouraged his son to attend a military academy. One of Prabowo's role models was Turkish military figure Atatürk, and according to peers and observers, Prabowo was talented with a passion for stratagems and had an appetite for political power.[19]

Prabowo's grandfather, Margono Djojohadikusumo, was the founder of Bank Negara Indonesia, the first leader of Indonesia's Provisional Supreme Advisory Council (Dewan Pertimbangan Agung Sementara), and a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan ).[23]

Prabowo married Suharto's daughter, Siti Hediati Hariyadi, in 1983. They have a son, Didit Hediprasetyo, who lived in Boston before settling in Paris to pursue a career in design. Prabowo is uncle to Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo.[24]

Military career

Prabowo enrolled in Indonesia's Military Academy in Magelang in 1970.[25] He graduated in 1974 with others who would gain senior leadership positions such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.[25]

In 1976, Prabowo served in the Indonesian National Army Special Force Kopassus and was assigned as the commander of Group 1 Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha (Kopassandha), which was one of the Indonesian Army's Nanggala commando units in East Timor, the former Portuguese territory that Indonesia had invaded the previous year.[25] Prabowo, then 26 years old, was the youngest Nanggala commander.[25] Prabowo led the mission to capture the vice president of Fretilin, who was the first Prime Minister of East Timor, Nicolau dos Reis Lobato.[25] Guiding Prabowo was Antonio Lobato – Nicolau's younger brother. On 31 December 1978, Prabowo's company found and fatally shot Nicolau in the stomach as he was being escorted in Maubisse, fifty kilometres south of Dili.[25]

In 1985 Prabowo attended the Advanced Infantry Officers Course at Fort Benning, in the United States for commando training.[26] In the early 1990s, as the commander of Kopassus Group 3, the now Major General Prabowo attempted to crush the East Timorese independence movement by using irregular troops (hooded "ninja" gangs dressed in black and operating at night) and, in main towns and villages, militias trained and directed by Kopassus commanders. Human rights abuses rose. The Army's 1997 campaign was called Operation Eradicate.[27]

In 1996, Prabowo led the Mapenduma Operation in the mountainous terrain of Papua, Indonesia. The goal of the operation was the release of 11 scientific researchers, who had been taken hostage by the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The researchers were five Indonesians, four Britons, one Dutchman and his pregnant German wife. Two of the Indonesian male hostages were killed shortly before the rescue operation. The mission involved covert support from British Military Attache and SAS veteran Colonel Ivor Helberg.[28] Following the hostage transfer, Kopassus under Prabowo began a reprisal campaign against villages perceived to support OPM, in one incident at Geselema village attacking the villagers with a military helicopter disguised as a Red Cross helicopter.[29]

On 20 March 1998, Prabowo was appointed head of the 27,000-strong Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad), that Suharto had commanded in 1965.[30]

Role in 1998 riots and the Fall of Suharto

Less than three months after his appointment as head of Kostrad, on the first day of the May 1998 riots, Prabowo urged the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Wiranto, to let him bring his Strategic Reserve units from outside Jakarta into the city to help restore order.[31] Hundreds of men trained by Kopassus (Prabowo's former command) were flown from Dili to Yogyakarta in chartered planes, and then on to Jakarta by train.[32] Prabowo publicly urged Indonesians to join him to fight "traitors to the nation".[33] On the morning of 14 May, Kopassus troops escorted young thugs from Lampung in southern Sumatra into the capital.[34] Thus Prabowo was accused of using his contacts in his former command to import and create trouble, while Wiranto had declined to give Prabowo's current command, Kostrad, permission to quell the existing trouble, in line with classic Javanese tactic to stir chaos to discredit a rival and/or seize power.[32]

Troops under Prabowo's command kidnapped and tortured at least nine democracy activists in the months before the May 1998 Riots.[35] In one testimony, a former detainee told of being tortured for days in an unidentified location, allegedly a military camp where most of their time was spent blindfolded, while being forced to answer repeated questions, mainly concerning their political activities. The abuse included being punched, terrorised physically and mentally, and given electric shocks.[36] Later, in 2009, two of the nine men were candidates for Gerindra, Prabowo's political party, and another served as his media adviser.[37] Prabowo was also suspected of organising the kidnappings of another 13 activists (all of whom remain "missing") between February 1997 and May 1998.[38]

Later investigations into the May riots revealed that violence in Jakarta was the result of an internal struggle within the military elite to become Suharto's successor.[39] Many believed Prabowo, as Strategic Reserve commander, sought to become his father-in-law's successor and coveted the commander of the Armed Forces position held by General Wiranto, who was favoured to succeed Suharto. Together with Operations Commander for Greater Jakarta (Panglima Komando Operasi Jakarta Raya, Pangkoops Jaya) Major General Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, Prabowo aimed to terrorise opponents of the government and to show that Wiranto was "an incompetent commander who could not control disorder".[40][41] During August and September, the fact-finding team interviewed Prabowo, Sjafrie, and other military commanders regarding their movements during the Jakarta riots. Prabowo asserted that he was unsure of the precise movements of military forces in the capital and deferred to Sjafrie.[42] In its final report, the fact-finding team suspected that, on the night of 14 May, Prabowo met with several Armed Forces and prominent civilian figures at the Kostrad headquarters to discuss organization of the violence.[43] However, this was later refuted by several people who attended the meeting, including prominent human rights lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution and Joint Fact-Finding Team member Bambang Widjojanto.[44] Further testimonies by Prabowo[45] in the years following the investigation contradicted the team's report and led to scepticism of the team's allegations.[46]

On 21 May 1998, Suharto announced his resignation from the presidency and Vice President B. J. Habibie took over as president.

On the afternoon following Habibie's inauguration as president, Prabowo demanded of Habibie that he be put in charge of the Army in place of Wiranto. However, Habibie and Wiranto demoted Prabowo from Kostrad commander instead, and the following day, announced Wiranto's promotion to Minister of Defense and Security and the Indonesian National Armed Forces (ABRI, later renamed TNI) commander. A furious Prabowo went to the Presidential Palace packing a sidearm and with trucks of his Kostrad troops. On being blocked from entering the Habibie's office, he instead went to Suharto who rebuked him.[47][48] Prabowo was visited by Wiranto at his home over the weekend of 23–24 May and subsequently reassigned to a non-combat role at the Armed Forces Command and General Staff College in Bandung.[49]

Following an ABRI investigation,[50] Prabowo acknowledged responsibility for the kidnapping of the activists.[51] He was discharged from military service in August. He and Wiranto denied that the discharge was a result of disciplinary action.[52] In August 1998, the Dewan Kehormatan Perwira (Officers Council of Honor) tried and found Prabowo guilty of "misinterpreting orders" in the kidnapping of anti-Suharto activists in 1998.[50] He was discharged from military services and went into a voluntary exile in Jordan[52] where he knew that country's new young King Abdullah as a fellow commander of special forces.[51] In an interview with Asiaweek magazine in 2000, Prabowo said "I never threatened Habibie. I was not behind the riots. That is a great lie. I never betrayed Pak Harto. I never betrayed Habibie. I never betrayed my country...There was a certain group that wanted to make me a scapegoat, maybe to hide their involvement.""[50] Rights groups have long questioned Prabowo's eligibility to run for president, noting that he was discharged dishonorably from the Army in August 1998 for "misinterpreting orders" in the abduction of the democracy activists. While that was the military's official statement, observers have long believed that it was a coup conspiracy that saw Prabowo, then the commander of the Army Strategic Reserves, given his marching orders.[53]

As a 2014 presidential candidate, Prabowo's past came under renewed scrutiny, with many organizations calling for him to step down. A coalition, which consisted of Imparsial, Kontras, the Setara Institute, and the Human Rights Working Group (HRWG), combined under the Civil Society Coalition Against Forgetting, visited the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) in Jakarta on 7 May 2014 to urge the commission to re-investigate Prabowo.[54] A 27 June 2014 report indicated that an investigative journalist, Allan Nairn, had been threatened with arrest "for revealing the former general's role in human rights abuses."[55]

Business career

After being discharged from the military, Prabowo joined his brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo's business. He purchased Kiani Kertas, a paper pulp and plantation company based in Mangkajang, East Kalimantan.[56] Prior to Prabowo's purchase, Kiani was owned by Bob Hasan, a businessman close to former President Suharto.[56] Today, Prabowo's Nusantara Group controls 27 companies in Indonesia and abroad. Prabowo's companies include Nusantara Energy (oil and natural gas, coal), Tidar Kerinci Agung (palm oil plantations) and Jaladri Nusantara (fishery industry).[57]

Prabowo rebranded Kiani Kertas to Kertas Nusantara. The company was established in 1990 and is part of the Nusantara Energy. It controls an area of 3,400 hectares used for paper mills, employee housing, private schools, and various company facilities.[58] Kiani has been awarded ISO 900–2005 status as one of the highest quality management companies. It is reported that Kiani Kertas has been experiencing financial difficulties, and in early 2014, workers took to the streets to demand their wages which had not been paid in five months.[59]

Prabowo was the wealthiest presidential candidate in the 2009 election, with assets of Rp 1.5 trillion (about US$150 million) and US$7.5 million.[60]

In 2007, PT Ridlatama, whose majority stakeholder was British-based Churchill PLC, conducted a geo-survey eastern Kalimantan for coal. Two months after the survey yielded positive results, East Kutai officials granted mining licenses to Nusantara Energy (a subsidiary of the Nusantara Group, a conglomerate owned by Prabowo's family) to operate in the area surveyed by Ridlatama. In 2010, Ridlatama's license was revoked, effectively completing Nusantara's take over of Churchill's operations. Churchill appealed to the Supreme Court of Indonesia but lost the case. In 2012, Churchill filed a case against the government of Indonesia at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, demanding $2 billion in compensation. Indonesia argued that ICSID had no authority to arbitrate. In 2014 ICSID ruled that it had the authority and the case is still ongoing.[61][62][63][64]

In 2014, the regent of East Kutai, Isran Noor, publicly endorsed Prabowo as a presidential candidate.[65] He also considered pressing criminal charges against Churchill, alleging that Churchill forged its license.[66]

NGOs

 
Prabowo opens the 2011 Pencak Silat SEA Games tournament held in Taman Mini, Jakarta. He is the Chairman of Indonesia's pencak silat organization.
  • The Indonesian Farmers' Association was established in 1973 to advocate for the farmers' rights. Prabowo was elected President of HKTI in 2004,[67][68] and he was reappointed in 2010 for a second term.[69]
  • The Indonesian Traditional Market Traders Association (APPSI) is a non-profit organization advocating for the welfare of traders in Indonesia's traditional markets. Prabowo was elected as president of APPSI in 2008.[70]
  • Pencak silat is one of Indonesia's traditional martial arts. The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) oversees the regulation of the sport in Indonesia, develops athletes, and organises tournaments. Prabowo was elected as president of IPSI in 2004 and was re-elected in 2012 for a third consecutive term.[71]

Politics

Using his connections to President Suharto, Prabowo and his brother worked to silence journalistic and political critics in the 1990s. Hashim unsuccessfully pressured Goenawan Mohamad to sell his outspoken and banned Tempo magazine to him.[72] As a lieutenant colonel, Prabowo invited Gus Dur to his battalion headquarters in 1992 and warned him to stick to religion and to stay out of politics, or face unspecified actions if he continued to oppose the president.[73] He later warned the intellectual Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) to resign from the KIPP, the election monitoring unit set up by Goenawan Mohamad, which armed forces commander Feisal Tanjung had denounced as "obviously unconstitutional".[74]

In 2004, Prabowo was one of five contenders vying to become Golkar party's presidential candidate. He received the lowest number of votes, just 39, and was eliminated in the first round.[75] The second round of voting was won by Wiranto.

Establishment of the Great Indonesia Movement Party

In early 2008, Prabowo's inner circle, including Fadli Zon, established the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), which nominated Prabowo for the presidency in the 2009 elections.[76] However, having won 26 out of 560 seats in the Indonesian parliament, the party did not have the required numbers, and Prabowo ran as a vice presidential candidate to Megawati Soekarnoputri, daughter of Indonesia's first president Sukarno. The pair, referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega–Pro, earned 27% of the vote and lost to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate, economist Boediono.[77]

2014 presidential election

See also: 2014 Indonesian presidential election

In November 2011, Prabowo announced his intention to run in the 2014 presidential elections.[78] Surveys published by the Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development (Puskaptis)[79] and by the Indonesian Survey Institute published on 23 February 2012[80] gave him the lead – but observers and activists cast doubt on the polls.[81]

In March 2012, Gerindra named Prabowo its 2014 presidential candidate.[82] The party's slogan was then changed to Gerindra Menang Prabowo Presiden (Gerindra Wins, Prabowo Becomes President).[83] Prabowo said he would run an investment-friendly administration if he won and that Indonesia needed more energy exploration. Furthermore, he said he had been in close contact with labour unions and believed rising worker discontent could be managed with a wise national budget.[84] He promised to use military-style efficiency to push through chronically delayed infrastructure projects, as well as to create jobs in the archipelago's backwaters by improving agricultural productivity.[85] Another pillar to Prabowo's platform was that he was solidly secular, and his party planned to protect the rights of minority religious groups in the Muslim-majority country.[85]

According to numerous quick counts after the 9 April legislative election, Gerinda came in third place, positioning Prabowo as one of two leading presidential candidates for the election to be held 9 July, the other being Jakarta governor, Joko Widodo.[86] On Tuesday, 20 May 2014, Golkar, along with the United Development Party (PPP), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the Crescent Star Party (PBB), officially endorsed Prabowo to run for the 2014 presidential election; the coalition collected 48.9% of votes and 52.1 seats in the parliament.[87] The day before, Prabowo had picked former Coordinating Minister for Economics Hatta Rajasa as his vice-presidential running mate.[88]

 
Prabowo accepts the Great Indonesia Party's nomination for the 2014 presidential election in Lembah Hambalang, on 17 March 2012[82]

On 22 July 2014, the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick counts were released, although the majority showed Jokowi ahead. He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia "fail[ing] in its duty to democracy" because of "massive cheating that is structured and systematic",[89] and stated that he and Hatta "exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional".[90] His speech, aired live, implied he would challenge the results in the Constitutional Court.[89] Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count.[91]

According to Douglas Ramage of the Jakarta-based Bower's Asia Group, this was the first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of an election was questioned; he declared the country was entering "uncharted territory".[90] The legality of a Prabowo challenge is questionable, as – if he withdrew – he is no longer considered a presidential candidate.[90] If he can make the challenge, according to The Jakarta Post, the gap between the two is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult.[92] Under the presidential election law, Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah ($10 million) fine for withdrawing.[89][90] Later that evening, Joko Widodo was officially announced as president and began to receive congratulations from world leaders.[93]

Following the announcement, the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0.3%, and the JSX Composite fell by 0.9%.[91] Observers denied Prabowo's allegations of cheating, finding that the elections were "generally fair and free"; Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was "no sign of significant fraud", and that Prabowo's withdrawal simply reflected "the real attitudes of the elite, who are not yet ready to accept losing".[94] On 21 August 2014, the Indonesian Constitutional Court rejected his claim of fraud, confirming his election loss.[95]

2019 presidential election

See also: Prabowo Subianto 2019 presidential campaign

On 12 April 2018, Prabowo announced he would contest Indonesia's 2019 presidential election if he could obtain sufficient support from other political parties.[96] Indonesian media had speculated on whether Prabowo would become a presidential candidate or a "king-maker" giving his support to another candidate.[97] Prabowo's brother Hashim in March 2018 said health and logistical factors had to be considered before the party announces a presidential candidate.[98]

In April 2018, John McBeth reported Maritime Coordinating Minister Luhut Panjaitan had held a series of meetings with Prabowo, culminating in the proposal of a joint Widodo-Prabowo ticket for the 2019 election. Luhut reportedly lost his enthusiasm after Prabowo allegedly said he would want to be in charge of the military and seven seats in any new cabinet.[99] Fadli Zon denied Luhut and Prabowo had discussed politics, claiming they merely spoke about Europe's move to limit imports of Indonesian palm oil. Gerindra official Andre Rosiade also dismissed the report as a hoax.[100]

On 10 August 2018, Prabowo registered at the KPU office for the 2019 presidential election with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, PKS, PAN, the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party.[10] The Democratic Party had wanted Prabowo to choose Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as his running mate.[101] Following the election, 'quick counts' conducted at polling stations by independent institutions authorised by the government indicated Widodo had won by a margin of about 10%, but Prabowo claimed victory, insisting a real count by his side showed he received 62% of the vote.[102] His unsubstantiated claims of widespread cheating prompted his supporters to stage protests in Jakarta, resulting in riots that left eight people dead and 737 injured.[103][104] The Constitutional Court in June 2019 unanimously rejected Prabowo's appeal against the election result.[105]

On 23 October 2019, Prabowo was inaugurated as Indonesia's Minister of Defense by president Joko Widodo.[106]

Minister of Defense

 
Prabowo with U.S. defense secretary Mark Esper
 
Prabowo with U.S. defense secretary Lloyd Austin in June 2022

Shortly after his inauguration, Prabowo began advocating for a "total people's war" doctrine for Indonesia's national defense.[107]

Following an incident in late 2019 where Chinese vessels violated Indonesian EEZ off the Natuna Islands, Prabowo called for a cautious response, referring to China as a "friendly nation",[108] for which he was criticised by netizens for being "too soft".[109] He also ordered the deployment of additional navy vessels in the region in response to the incident.[110]

Prabowo is planning to massively expand Indonesia's domestic ability to manufacture ammunition, as Indonesia's capacity to manufacture is only 450 million ammunition per year, despite a demand at one billion ammunition annually.[111] Prabowo is looking to strengthen Indonesia's military by acquiring newer fighter aircraft such as General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon from the United States and Dassault Rafale from France.[112]

Despite the controversy of his inaction in Natuna Island, a poll by Indo Barometer on early January show that Prabowo is the most popular minister in Jokowi's cabinet.[113]

In October 2020, Prabowo visited the United States despite his previous ban from entering the country, in his capacity as Minister of Defense after being invited by his US counterpart Mark Esper and a visa was issued for him. Several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, had previously called for the Trump administration to cancel the visit.[114] Prior to this, Prabowo also visited China in December 2019.[115]

2024 presidential election

See also: Prabowo Subianto 2024 presidential campaign

On 7 January 2023, Prabowo launched his presidential campaign.[116]

Controversies

Paradise Papers

See also: Paradise Papers

In November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in "Paradise Papers" allegations.[117]

Ghost Fleet

On 18 September 2017, at the launch of a book on his father's political economy theory, Prabowo made a speech warning Indonesia could break apart in 2030. "In other countries, they have made studies, where the Republic of Indonesia has been declared no more in 2030," he said. A video clip of the speech was posted to Gerindra's official Facebook page on 18 March 2018. When asked which studies Prabowo was referring to, Gerindra official Elnino M. Husein Mohi said, "Prabowo has read various writings of people that are outside the country, intellectual observers that exist. You can also see them online."[118] It was subsequently revealed the "studies" were actually a 2015 science-fiction war novel called Ghost Fleet by American authors August Cole and P.W. Singer. A note by the authors at the start of the book states: "The following was inspired by real-world trends and technologies. But, ultimately, it is a work of fiction, not prediction."[119] Bemused by Prabowo citing the book, Singer posted on Twitter: "Indonesian opposition leader cites #GhostFleet in fiery campaign speeches... There have been many unexpected twists and turns from this book experience, but this may take the cake."[120]

Haiti gaffe

In late 2018, Prabowo was ridiculed after erroneously stating that Haiti, a republic in the Caribbean, is an African country. In a speech made on 23 December 2018 in Solo, Central Java, Prabowo said the Indonesian government had driven part of Indonesia's wealth offshore. "If this continues to go on, Indonesia will continue to be impoverished," he said. "We, Indonesians, are on par with African impoverished countries such as Rwanda, Haiti, and small islands like Kiribati, which we don't even know where it's located," he added.[121]

2019 presidential debate

On 17 January 2019, in the first debate between the candidates in Indonesia's April 2019 presidential election, Prabowo said some Indonesian governors deserve higher salaries considering the size of their provinces. He gave the example of Central Java province, which he claimed is larger than Malaysia (in population) . Local media reports pointed out that Central Java is 32,544.12 square kilometres, while Malaysia is 330,323 square kilometres.[122] After the media reported on the error, Prabowo's campaign team claimed he had actually been referring to the population totals of Malaysia and Central Java.[123]

In the same debate, Prabowo claimed that terrorist attacks in Indonesia were caused by poverty and perpetrated by non-Muslims disguised as Muslims, sent by other countries and controlled by foreigners. Media reports refuted his claims, pointing out that some Indonesian terrorist bombers were not poor and were not manipulated by foreigners.[124]

Honours

 
Prabowo as chief of Indonesian Armed Forces Command and Staff School (Sesko ABRI) in his uniform with multiple decorations

As an Indonesian Army officer, Prabowo received the following awards and decorations:

National Honours

  •   Grand Meritorious Military Order Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama)
  •   Army Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama)
  •   Navy Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Jalasena Utama)
  •   Air Force Meritorius Service Star, 1 Class (Indonesian: Bintang Swa Bhuana Paksa Utama)
  •   Army Meritorius Service Star, 2nd Class (Indonesian: Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama)
  •   Grand Meritorious Military Order Star, 3rd Class (Indonesian: Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya)
  •   Army Meritorious Service Star, 3rd Class (Indonesian: Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya)
  •   Military Long Service Medal, 24 Years (Indonesian: Satyalancana Kesetiaan XIV Tahun)
  •   Military Operation Service Medal in Aceh (Indonesian: Satyalancana G.O.M VII)
  •   Military Instructor Service Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha)
  •    Military Operation Service Medal IX Raksaka Dharma (Indonesian: Satyalancana G.O.M. IX Raksaka Dharma) w/ 1 gold star
  •     Timor Military Campaign Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Seroja) w/ 2 gold star
  •   Role Model Medal (Indonesian: Satyalancana Wira Karya)

Foreign Honours

References

Citations

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  3. ^ Bellman, Eric (3 August 2012). "Indonesians Turn Gaze to Suharto-Era General". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  4. ^ "Sosok Prabowo di Mata Wamenhan: Super Nasionalis!", www.cnbcindonesia.com, 13 July 2020, retrieved 1 January 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  7. ^ . The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.
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  9. ^ . Indonesia News.Net. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
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Sources

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Prabowo Subianto.
  • ABC Foreign Correspondent: The Farmer Wants a Country
  • Jakarta Globe: Rebranding Brings Prabowo Into the Electoral Frame
  • Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia (Routledge Research on Southeast Asia)

March 04, 2023
prabowo, subianto, djojohadikusumo, born, october, 1951, indonesian, politician, businessman, former, army, lieutenant, general, currently, appointed, minister, defense, republic, indonesia, sumitro, djojohadikusumo, indonesian, economist, dora, sigar, former,. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo born 17 October 1951 is an Indonesian politician businessman and former army lieutenant general who is the currently appointed Minister of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia 1 2 He is the son of Sumitro Djojohadikusumo an Indonesian economist and Dora Sigar He is the former husband of Titiek Suharto the late President Suharto s second daughter They were married in 1983 and divorced in 1998 during the Indonesian political crisis 3 Lieutenant General Ret Prabowo SubiantoOfficial portrait 201926th Minister of DefenseIncumbentAssumed office 23 October 2019PresidentJoko WidodoPreceded byRyamizard RyacuduLeader of GerindraIncumbentAssumed office 20 September 2014Preceded bySuhardi22nd Commander of KostradIn office 20 March 1998 22 May 1998PresidentSuhartoPreceded bySoegijonoSucceeded byJohny Lumintang15th General Commander of KopassusIn office 1 December 1995 20 March 1998PresidentSuhartoPreceded bySubagyo Hadi SiswoyoSucceeded byMuchdi PurwopranjonoPersonal detailsBornPrabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo 1951 10 17 17 October 1951 age 71 Jakarta IndonesiaPolitical partyGerindraOther politicalaffiliationsGolkar until 2008 SpouseTitiek Suharto m 1983 div 1998 wbr ChildrenDidit HediprasetyoRelativesRahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo nephew Alma materIndonesian Military AcademySignatureWebsiteArchived websiteMilitary serviceAllegiance IndonesiaBranch serviceIndonesian ArmyYears of service1974 1998RankLieutenant GeneralUnitKopassusCommandsKopassusKostradBattles warsOperation Lotus Insurgency in East Timor Insurgency in Papua Mapenduma hostage crisisPrabowo graduated from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1970 and served in the Special Forces Kopassus until his appointment as chief of the Strategic Reserve Command Kostrad in 1998 That same year he was dishonorably discharged from the military and subsequently banned from entering the United States because of alleged human rights violations He has been described as nationalist right disambiguation needed 4 5 6 In early 2008 Prabowo s inner circle including Fadli Zon established the Great Indonesia Movement Party Gerindra In the 2009 presidential election he ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency as Megawati Sukarnoputri s running mate 7 He contested the 2014 presidential election 8 and was defeated by Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo which he initially disputed 9 He made another unsuccessful run for the presidency in 2019 with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra the Prosperous Justice Party PKS the National Mandate Party PAN the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party 10 11 His refusal to accept the result saw his followers stage protests that sparked deadly riots in Jakarta 12 On 10 October 2021 Gerindra announced Prabowo as their candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election 13 In June 2022 Prabowo initially declined the party s nomination stating that he wanted to give the opportunity to another politician to run for the presidency 14 15 Despite his declining the bid Gerindra insisted on his nomination 16 On 12 August 2022 Prabowo announced that he accepted Gerindra s nomination to contest the 2024 presidential election 17 Contents 1 Family background 2 Military career 2 1 Role in 1998 riots and the Fall of Suharto 3 Business career 4 NGOs 5 Politics 5 1 Establishment of the Great Indonesia Movement Party 5 2 2014 presidential election 5 3 2019 presidential election 5 4 Minister of Defense 5 5 2024 presidential election 6 Controversies 6 1 Paradise Papers 6 2 Ghost Fleet 6 3 Haiti gaffe 6 4 2019 presidential debate 7 Honours 7 1 National Honours 7 2 Foreign Honours 8 References 8 1 Citations 8 2 Sources 9 Further readingFamily background Edit Prabowo 12 years old standing right with his siblings and grandparents Margono Djojohadikusumo and Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo Prabowo s father Sumitro Djojohadikusumo was an economist who served as former President Suharto s minister for the economy and minister for research and technology 18 Sumitro named Prabowo after his own younger brother a martyr hero who died in a battle against the Japanese in Lengkong Tangerang during the Indonesian National Revolution 19 Prabowo s mother Dora Maria Sigar was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent who originated from the Sigar Maengkom family in Langowan North Sulawesi 20 Prabowo has two older sisters Bintianingsih and Mayrani Ekowati and one younger brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo Hashim s pribumi conglomerate business interests stretch from Indonesia to Canada and Russia 21 Between 1966 and 1968 the family lived in London where Prabowo attended and graduated from The American School in London 22 Sumitro subsequently encouraged his son to attend a military academy One of Prabowo s role models was Turkish military figure Ataturk and according to peers and observers Prabowo was talented with a passion for stratagems and had an appetite for political power 19 Prabowo s grandfather Margono Djojohadikusumo was the founder of Bank Negara Indonesia the first leader of Indonesia s Provisional Supreme Advisory Council Dewan Pertimbangan Agung Sementara and a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan 23 Prabowo married Suharto s daughter Siti Hediati Hariyadi in 1983 They have a son Didit Hediprasetyo who lived in Boston before settling in Paris to pursue a career in design Prabowo is uncle to Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo 24 Military career EditPrabowo enrolled in Indonesia s Military Academy in Magelang in 1970 25 He graduated in 1974 with others who would gain senior leadership positions such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 25 In 1976 Prabowo served in the Indonesian National Army Special Force Kopassus and was assigned as the commander of Group 1 Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha Kopassandha which was one of the Indonesian Army s Nanggala commando units in East Timor the former Portuguese territory that Indonesia had invaded the previous year 25 Prabowo then 26 years old was the youngest Nanggala commander 25 Prabowo led the mission to capture the vice president of Fretilin who was the first Prime Minister of East Timor Nicolau dos Reis Lobato 25 Guiding Prabowo was Antonio Lobato Nicolau s younger brother On 31 December 1978 Prabowo s company found and fatally shot Nicolau in the stomach as he was being escorted in Maubisse fifty kilometres south of Dili 25 In 1985 Prabowo attended the Advanced Infantry Officers Course at Fort Benning in the United States for commando training 26 In the early 1990s as the commander of Kopassus Group 3 the now Major General Prabowo attempted to crush the East Timorese independence movement by using irregular troops hooded ninja gangs dressed in black and operating at night and in main towns and villages militias trained and directed by Kopassus commanders Human rights abuses rose The Army s 1997 campaign was called Operation Eradicate 27 In 1996 Prabowo led the Mapenduma Operation in the mountainous terrain of Papua Indonesia The goal of the operation was the release of 11 scientific researchers who had been taken hostage by the Free Papua Movement OPM The researchers were five Indonesians four Britons one Dutchman and his pregnant German wife Two of the Indonesian male hostages were killed shortly before the rescue operation The mission involved covert support from British Military Attache and SAS veteran Colonel Ivor Helberg 28 Following the hostage transfer Kopassus under Prabowo began a reprisal campaign against villages perceived to support OPM in one incident at Geselema village attacking the villagers with a military helicopter disguised as a Red Cross helicopter 29 On 20 March 1998 Prabowo was appointed head of the 27 000 strong Army Strategic Reserve Command Kostrad that Suharto had commanded in 1965 30 Role in 1998 riots and the Fall of Suharto Edit Less than three months after his appointment as head of Kostrad on the first day of the May 1998 riots Prabowo urged the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Wiranto to let him bring his Strategic Reserve units from outside Jakarta into the city to help restore order 31 Hundreds of men trained by Kopassus Prabowo s former command were flown from Dili to Yogyakarta in chartered planes and then on to Jakarta by train 32 Prabowo publicly urged Indonesians to join him to fight traitors to the nation 33 On the morning of 14 May Kopassus troops escorted young thugs from Lampung in southern Sumatra into the capital 34 Thus Prabowo was accused of using his contacts in his former command to import and create trouble while Wiranto had declined to give Prabowo s current command Kostrad permission to quell the existing trouble in line with classic Javanese tactic to stir chaos to discredit a rival and or seize power 32 Troops under Prabowo s command kidnapped and tortured at least nine democracy activists in the months before the May 1998 Riots 35 In one testimony a former detainee told of being tortured for days in an unidentified location allegedly a military camp where most of their time was spent blindfolded while being forced to answer repeated questions mainly concerning their political activities The abuse included being punched terrorised physically and mentally and given electric shocks 36 Later in 2009 two of the nine men were candidates for Gerindra Prabowo s political party and another served as his media adviser 37 Prabowo was also suspected of organising the kidnappings of another 13 activists all of whom remain missing between February 1997 and May 1998 38 Later investigations into the May riots revealed that violence in Jakarta was the result of an internal struggle within the military elite to become Suharto s successor 39 Many believed Prabowo as Strategic Reserve commander sought to become his father in law s successor and coveted the commander of the Armed Forces position held by General Wiranto who was favoured to succeed Suharto Together with Operations Commander for Greater Jakarta Panglima Komando Operasi Jakarta Raya Pangkoops Jaya Major General Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin Prabowo aimed to terrorise opponents of the government and to show that Wiranto was an incompetent commander who could not control disorder 40 41 During August and September the fact finding team interviewed Prabowo Sjafrie and other military commanders regarding their movements during the Jakarta riots Prabowo asserted that he was unsure of the precise movements of military forces in the capital and deferred to Sjafrie 42 In its final report the fact finding team suspected that on the night of 14 May Prabowo met with several Armed Forces and prominent civilian figures at the Kostrad headquarters to discuss organization of the violence 43 However this was later refuted by several people who attended the meeting including prominent human rights lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution and Joint Fact Finding Team member Bambang Widjojanto 44 Further testimonies by Prabowo 45 in the years following the investigation contradicted the team s report and led to scepticism of the team s allegations 46 On 21 May 1998 Suharto announced his resignation from the presidency and Vice President B J Habibie took over as president On the afternoon following Habibie s inauguration as president Prabowo demanded of Habibie that he be put in charge of the Army in place of Wiranto However Habibie and Wiranto demoted Prabowo from Kostrad commander instead and the following day announced Wiranto s promotion to Minister of Defense and Security and the Indonesian National Armed Forces ABRI later renamed TNI commander A furious Prabowo went to the Presidential Palace packing a sidearm and with trucks of his Kostrad troops On being blocked from entering the Habibie s office he instead went to Suharto who rebuked him 47 48 Prabowo was visited by Wiranto at his home over the weekend of 23 24 May and subsequently reassigned to a non combat role at the Armed Forces Command and General Staff College in Bandung 49 Following an ABRI investigation 50 Prabowo acknowledged responsibility for the kidnapping of the activists 51 He was discharged from military service in August He and Wiranto denied that the discharge was a result of disciplinary action 52 In August 1998 the Dewan Kehormatan Perwira Officers Council of Honor tried and found Prabowo guilty of misinterpreting orders in the kidnapping of anti Suharto activists in 1998 50 He was discharged from military services and went into a voluntary exile in Jordan 52 where he knew that country s new young King Abdullah as a fellow commander of special forces 51 In an interview with Asiaweek magazine in 2000 Prabowo said I never threatened Habibie I was not behind the riots That is a great lie I never betrayed Pak Harto I never betrayed Habibie I never betrayed my country There was a certain group that wanted to make me a scapegoat maybe to hide their involvement 50 Rights groups have long questioned Prabowo s eligibility to run for president noting that he was discharged dishonorably from the Army in August 1998 for misinterpreting orders in the abduction of the democracy activists While that was the military s official statement observers have long believed that it was a coup conspiracy that saw Prabowo then the commander of the Army Strategic Reserves given his marching orders 53 As a 2014 presidential candidate Prabowo s past came under renewed scrutiny with many organizations calling for him to step down A coalition which consisted of Imparsial Kontras the Setara Institute and the Human Rights Working Group HRWG combined under the Civil Society Coalition Against Forgetting visited the National Commission on Human Rights Komnas HAM in Jakarta on 7 May 2014 to urge the commission to re investigate Prabowo 54 A 27 June 2014 report indicated that an investigative journalist Allan Nairn had been threatened with arrest for revealing the former general s role in human rights abuses 55 Business career EditAfter being discharged from the military Prabowo joined his brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo s business He purchased Kiani Kertas a paper pulp and plantation company based in Mangkajang East Kalimantan 56 Prior to Prabowo s purchase Kiani was owned by Bob Hasan a businessman close to former President Suharto 56 Today Prabowo s Nusantara Group controls 27 companies in Indonesia and abroad Prabowo s companies include Nusantara Energy oil and natural gas coal Tidar Kerinci Agung palm oil plantations and Jaladri Nusantara fishery industry 57 Prabowo rebranded Kiani Kertas to Kertas Nusantara The company was established in 1990 and is part of the Nusantara Energy It controls an area of 3 400 hectares used for paper mills employee housing private schools and various company facilities 58 Kiani has been awarded ISO 900 2005 status as one of the highest quality management companies It is reported that Kiani Kertas has been experiencing financial difficulties and in early 2014 workers took to the streets to demand their wages which had not been paid in five months 59 Prabowo was the wealthiest presidential candidate in the 2009 election with assets of Rp 1 5 trillion about US 150 million and US 7 5 million 60 In 2007 PT Ridlatama whose majority stakeholder was British based Churchill PLC conducted a geo survey eastern Kalimantan for coal Two months after the survey yielded positive results East Kutai officials granted mining licenses to Nusantara Energy a subsidiary of the Nusantara Group a conglomerate owned by Prabowo s family to operate in the area surveyed by Ridlatama In 2010 Ridlatama s license was revoked effectively completing Nusantara s take over of Churchill s operations Churchill appealed to the Supreme Court of Indonesia but lost the case In 2012 Churchill filed a case against the government of Indonesia at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes demanding 2 billion in compensation Indonesia argued that ICSID had no authority to arbitrate In 2014 ICSID ruled that it had the authority and the case is still ongoing 61 62 63 64 In 2014 the regent of East Kutai Isran Noor publicly endorsed Prabowo as a presidential candidate 65 He also considered pressing criminal charges against Churchill alleging that Churchill forged its license 66 NGOs Edit Prabowo opens the 2011 Pencak Silat SEA Games tournament held in Taman Mini Jakarta He is the Chairman of Indonesia s pencak silat organization The Indonesian Farmers Association was established in 1973 to advocate for the farmers rights Prabowo was elected President of HKTI in 2004 67 68 and he was reappointed in 2010 for a second term 69 The Indonesian Traditional Market Traders Association APPSI is a non profit organization advocating for the welfare of traders in Indonesia s traditional markets Prabowo was elected as president of APPSI in 2008 70 Pencak silat is one of Indonesia s traditional martial arts The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association IPSI oversees the regulation of the sport in Indonesia develops athletes and organises tournaments Prabowo was elected as president of IPSI in 2004 and was re elected in 2012 for a third consecutive term 71 Politics EditUsing his connections to President Suharto Prabowo and his brother worked to silence journalistic and political critics in the 1990s Hashim unsuccessfully pressured Goenawan Mohamad to sell his outspoken and banned Tempo magazine to him 72 As a lieutenant colonel Prabowo invited Gus Dur to his battalion headquarters in 1992 and warned him to stick to religion and to stay out of politics or face unspecified actions if he continued to oppose the president 73 He later warned the intellectual Nurcholish Madjid Cak Nur to resign from the KIPP the election monitoring unit set up by Goenawan Mohamad which armed forces commander Feisal Tanjung had denounced as obviously unconstitutional 74 In 2004 Prabowo was one of five contenders vying to become Golkar party s presidential candidate He received the lowest number of votes just 39 and was eliminated in the first round 75 The second round of voting was won by Wiranto Establishment of the Great Indonesia Movement Party Edit In early 2008 Prabowo s inner circle including Fadli Zon established the Great Indonesia Movement Party Gerindra which nominated Prabowo for the presidency in the 2009 elections 76 However having won 26 out of 560 seats in the Indonesian parliament the party did not have the required numbers and Prabowo ran as a vice presidential candidate to Megawati Soekarnoputri daughter of Indonesia s first president Sukarno The pair referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega Pro earned 27 of the vote and lost to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate economist Boediono 77 2014 presidential election Edit See also 2014 Indonesian presidential election In November 2011 Prabowo announced his intention to run in the 2014 presidential elections 78 Surveys published by the Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development Puskaptis 79 and by the Indonesian Survey Institute published on 23 February 2012 80 gave him the lead but observers and activists cast doubt on the polls 81 In March 2012 Gerindra named Prabowo its 2014 presidential candidate 82 The party s slogan was then changed to Gerindra Menang Prabowo Presiden Gerindra Wins Prabowo Becomes President 83 Prabowo said he would run an investment friendly administration if he won and that Indonesia needed more energy exploration Furthermore he said he had been in close contact with labour unions and believed rising worker discontent could be managed with a wise national budget 84 He promised to use military style efficiency to push through chronically delayed infrastructure projects as well as to create jobs in the archipelago s backwaters by improving agricultural productivity 85 Another pillar to Prabowo s platform was that he was solidly secular and his party planned to protect the rights of minority religious groups in the Muslim majority country 85 According to numerous quick counts after the 9 April legislative election Gerinda came in third place positioning Prabowo as one of two leading presidential candidates for the election to be held 9 July the other being Jakarta governor Joko Widodo 86 On Tuesday 20 May 2014 Golkar along with the United Development Party PPP the National Mandate Party PAN the Prosperous Justice Party PKS and the Crescent Star Party PBB officially endorsed Prabowo to run for the 2014 presidential election the coalition collected 48 9 of votes and 52 1 seats in the parliament 87 The day before Prabowo had picked former Coordinating Minister for Economics Hatta Rajasa as his vice presidential running mate 88 Prabowo accepts the Great Indonesia Party s nomination for the 2014 presidential election in Lembah Hambalang on 17 March 2012 82 On 22 July 2014 the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally Prabowo withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick counts were released although the majority showed Jokowi ahead He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia fail ing in its duty to democracy because of massive cheating that is structured and systematic 89 and stated that he and Hatta exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional 90 His speech aired live implied he would challenge the results in the Constitutional Court 89 Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count 91 According to Douglas Ramage of the Jakarta based Bower s Asia Group this was the first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of an election was questioned he declared the country was entering uncharted territory 90 The legality of a Prabowo challenge is questionable as if he withdrew he is no longer considered a presidential candidate 90 If he can make the challenge according to The Jakarta Post the gap between the two is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult 92 Under the presidential election law Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah 10 million fine for withdrawing 89 90 Later that evening Joko Widodo was officially announced as president and began to receive congratulations from world leaders 93 Following the announcement the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0 3 and the JSX Composite fell by 0 9 91 Observers denied Prabowo s allegations of cheating finding that the elections were generally fair and free Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was no sign of significant fraud and that Prabowo s withdrawal simply reflected the real attitudes of the elite who are not yet ready to accept losing 94 On 21 August 2014 the Indonesian Constitutional Court rejected his claim of fraud confirming his election loss 95 2019 presidential election Edit See also Prabowo Subianto 2019 presidential campaign On 12 April 2018 Prabowo announced he would contest Indonesia s 2019 presidential election if he could obtain sufficient support from other political parties 96 Indonesian media had speculated on whether Prabowo would become a presidential candidate or a king maker giving his support to another candidate 97 Prabowo s brother Hashim in March 2018 said health and logistical factors had to be considered before the party announces a presidential candidate 98 In April 2018 John McBeth reported Maritime Coordinating Minister Luhut Panjaitan had held a series of meetings with Prabowo culminating in the proposal of a joint Widodo Prabowo ticket for the 2019 election Luhut reportedly lost his enthusiasm after Prabowo allegedly said he would want to be in charge of the military and seven seats in any new cabinet 99 Fadli Zon denied Luhut and Prabowo had discussed politics claiming they merely spoke about Europe s move to limit imports of Indonesian palm oil Gerindra official Andre Rosiade also dismissed the report as a hoax 100 On 10 August 2018 Prabowo registered at the KPU office for the 2019 presidential election with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra PKS PAN the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party 10 The Democratic Party had wanted Prabowo to choose Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as his running mate 101 Following the election quick counts conducted at polling stations by independent institutions authorised by the government indicated Widodo had won by a margin of about 10 but Prabowo claimed victory insisting a real count by his side showed he received 62 of the vote 102 His unsubstantiated claims of widespread cheating prompted his supporters to stage protests in Jakarta resulting in riots that left eight people dead and 737 injured 103 104 The Constitutional Court in June 2019 unanimously rejected Prabowo s appeal against the election result 105 On 23 October 2019 Prabowo was inaugurated as Indonesia s Minister of Defense by president Joko Widodo 106 Minister of Defense Edit Prabowo with U S defense secretary Mark Esper Prabowo with U S defense secretary Lloyd Austin in June 2022 Shortly after his inauguration Prabowo began advocating for a total people s war doctrine for Indonesia s national defense 107 Following an incident in late 2019 where Chinese vessels violated Indonesian EEZ off the Natuna Islands Prabowo called for a cautious response referring to China as a friendly nation 108 for which he was criticised by netizens for being too soft 109 He also ordered the deployment of additional navy vessels in the region in response to the incident 110 Prabowo is planning to massively expand Indonesia s domestic ability to manufacture ammunition as Indonesia s capacity to manufacture is only 450 million ammunition per year despite a demand at one billion ammunition annually 111 Prabowo is looking to strengthen Indonesia s military by acquiring newer fighter aircraft such as General Dynamics F 16 Fighting Falcon from the United States and Dassault Rafale from France 112 Despite the controversy of his inaction in Natuna Island a poll by Indo Barometer on early January show that Prabowo is the most popular minister in Jokowi s cabinet 113 In October 2020 Prabowo visited the United States despite his previous ban from entering the country in his capacity as Minister of Defense after being invited by his US counterpart Mark Esper and a visa was issued for him Several human rights organizations including Amnesty International had previously called for the Trump administration to cancel the visit 114 Prior to this Prabowo also visited China in December 2019 115 2024 presidential election Edit See also Prabowo Subianto 2024 presidential campaign On 7 January 2023 Prabowo launched his presidential campaign 116 Controversies EditThis section may lend undue weight to certain ideas incidents or controversies Please help to create a more balanced presentation Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message April 2019 Paradise Papers Edit See also Paradise PapersIn November 2017 an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism cited his name in the list of politicians named in Paradise Papers allegations 117 Ghost Fleet Edit On 18 September 2017 at the launch of a book on his father s political economy theory Prabowo made a speech warning Indonesia could break apart in 2030 In other countries they have made studies where the Republic of Indonesia has been declared no more in 2030 he said A video clip of the speech was posted to Gerindra s official Facebook page on 18 March 2018 When asked which studies Prabowo was referring to Gerindra official Elnino M Husein Mohi said Prabowo has read various writings of people that are outside the country intellectual observers that exist You can also see them online 118 It was subsequently revealed the studies were actually a 2015 science fiction war novel called Ghost Fleet by American authors August Cole and P W Singer A note by the authors at the start of the book states The following was inspired by real world trends and technologies But ultimately it is a work of fiction not prediction 119 Bemused by Prabowo citing the book Singer posted on Twitter Indonesian opposition leader cites GhostFleet in fiery campaign speeches There have been many unexpected twists and turns from this book experience but this may take the cake 120 Haiti gaffe Edit In late 2018 Prabowo was ridiculed after erroneously stating that Haiti a republic in the Caribbean is an African country In a speech made on 23 December 2018 in Solo Central Java Prabowo said the Indonesian government had driven part of Indonesia s wealth offshore If this continues to go on Indonesia will continue to be impoverished he said We Indonesians are on par with African impoverished countries such as Rwanda Haiti and small islands like Kiribati which we don t even know where it s located he added 121 2019 presidential debate Edit On 17 January 2019 in the first debate between the candidates in Indonesia s April 2019 presidential election Prabowo said some Indonesian governors deserve higher salaries considering the size of their provinces He gave the example of Central Java province which he claimed is larger than Malaysia in population Local media reports pointed out that Central Java is 32 544 12 square kilometres while Malaysia is 330 323 square kilometres 122 After the media reported on the error Prabowo s campaign team claimed he had actually been referring to the population totals of Malaysia and Central Java 123 In the same debate Prabowo claimed that terrorist attacks in Indonesia were caused by poverty and perpetrated by non Muslims disguised as Muslims sent by other countries and controlled by foreigners Media reports refuted his claims pointing out that some Indonesian terrorist bombers were not poor and were not manipulated by foreigners 124 Honours Edit Prabowo as chief of Indonesian Armed Forces Command and Staff School Sesko ABRI in his uniform with multiple decorations As an Indonesian Army officer Prabowo received the following awards and decorations National Honours Edit Grand Meritorious Military Order Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama Army Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama Navy Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Jalasena Utama Air Force Meritorius Service Star 1 Class Indonesian Bintang Swa Bhuana Paksa Utama Army Meritorius Service Star 2nd Class Indonesian Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama Grand Meritorious Military Order Star 3rd Class Indonesian Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya Army Meritorious Service Star 3rd Class Indonesian Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya Military Long Service Medal 24 Years Indonesian Satyalancana Kesetiaan XIV Tahun Military Operation Service Medal in Aceh Indonesian Satyalancana G O M VII Military Instructor Service Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha Military Operation Service Medal IX Raksaka Dharma Indonesian Satyalancana G O M IX Raksaka Dharma w 1 gold star Timor Military Campaign Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Seroja w 2 gold star Role Model Medal Indonesian Satyalancana Wira Karya Foreign Honours Edit Ribbon Distinction Country Date Reference Commander of the National Order of Merit France 1997 125 126 Knight of the Royal Order of Sahametrei Cambodia Unknown Grand Cordon of the Order of Military Merit Jordan Unknown 127 128 Grand Commander of the Order of Malacca Malaysia 26 July 2022 129 References EditCitations Edit Kenalkan Prabowo Jadi Menhan Jokowi Beliau Lebih Tahu Tugasnya dari Saya We present Prabowo Subianto as the defense minister he knows hes tasks more than me Jokowi states Detik com 23 October 2019 Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 Indonesian President Jokowi announces new Cabinet The Straits Times 23 October 2019 Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 Bellman 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as Indonesia s defence minister The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 20 March 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Prabowo Kalau Terpaksa Kita Lakukan Perang Rakyat Semesta CNBC Indonesia in Indonesian 11 November 2019 Archived from the original on 11 November 2019 Retrieved 11 November 2019 Natuna conflict pits Prabowo against former allies The Jakarta Post 10 January 2020 Archived from the original on 10 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Ng Jefferson 15 January 2020 The Natuna Sea Incident How Indonesia Is Managing Its Bilateral Relationship With China The Diplomat Archived from the original on 16 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Minister Prabowo to deploy more ships to protect Natuna The Jakarta Post 22 January 2020 Archived from the original on 22 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Nufus Wilda Belanja Alutsista Prabowo Fokus Pengadaan Pesawat Tempur Produksi Peluru detiknews in Indonesian Archived from the original on 21 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Prabowo Incar Pesawat Tempur amp Kapal Selam Buat Pertahanan RI Ini Kecanggihannya merdeka com 29 January 2020 Archived from the original on 21 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Indo Barometer Prabowo Paling Populer di Kabinet Jokowi nasional in Indonesian Archived from the original on 21 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Paddock Richard C 14 October 2020 Indonesian Defense Chief Accused of Rights Abuses Will Visit Pentagon The New York Times Archived from the original on 22 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Prabowo kicks off first China working trip to discuss defense with Beijing The Jakarta Post 16 December 2019 Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Aryan Muhammad Hanafi Prabowo Resmikan Kantor Badan Pemenangan Presiden Gerindra Siap Hadapi 2024 detiknews in Indonesian Retrieved 8 January 2023 Explore The Politicians in the Paradise Papers ICIJ Archived from the original on 6 November 2017 Retrieved 6 December 2017 The study Prabowo said predicted Indonesia would dissolve by 2030 is actually a sci fi techno thriller called Ghost Fleet Coconuts Jakarta 21 March 2018 Archived from the original on 22 March 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2018 P W Singer August Cole 2015 Ghost Fleet A Novel of the Next World War Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ISBN 978 0 544 14284 8 Nugroho Bagus Prihantoro 22 March 2018 Penulis Novel Ghost Fleet Posting Foto Prabowo di Twitter detikcom Archived from the original on 23 March 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Afifa Laila 26 December 2018 Prabowo Likens Indonesia s Economy to African Country Haiti Tempo co Archived from the original on 28 December 2018 Retrieved 28 December 2018 Arnani Mela 17 January 2019 CEK FAKTA Prabowo Sebut Jawa Tengah Lebih Luas dari Malaysia Kompas com Archived from the original on 20 January 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2019 Tim Prabowo Jelaskan Maksud Jateng Lebih Besar dari Malaysia detikcom 19 January 2019 Archived from the original on 11 May 2019 Retrieved 11 May 2019 Kennedy Eddward S 18 January 2019 Debat Capres Kok Bisa Prabowo Sebut Teroris Dikirim Negara Asing tirto id Archived from the original on 20 January 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2019 Prabowo Kenang Momen Terima Medali Penghargaan Militer dari Prancis Prabowo Recalls the Moment of Receiving a Military Award Medal from France in Indonesian 31 March 2019 Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 Retrieved 16 December 2020 https web archive org web 20140712085408 http soedoetpandang files wordpress com 2014 03 prabowo 07 jpg Archived from the original on 12 July 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Prabowo Unggah Seragam Militer Bintang 3 Netter Salah Fokus Ucapkan Ulang Tahun di Hari yang Salah Prabowo Uploads 3 Star Military Uniform Netizens Are Incorrectly Focused on Saying Birthday on the Wrong Day in Indonesian 11 October 2016 Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 Retrieved 16 December 2020 https web archive org web 20220523162815 https cdn 2 tstatic net style foto bank images prabowo subianto 20161011 154702 jpg Archived from the original on 23 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Saat Prabowo Dianugerahi Gelar Kehormatan Datuk Seri Darjah Gemilang Seri Melaka in Indonesian 26 July 2022 Retrieved 26 July 2022 Sources Edit Friend T 2003 Indonesian Destinies Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 01137 6 Purdey Jemma 2006 Anti Chinese Violence in Indonesia 1996 1999 Honolulu HI University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 3057 1 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo Wikiquote has quotations related to Prabowo Subianto Asiaweek An Idealist s Rise And Fall ABC Foreign Correspondent The Farmer Wants a Country Jakarta Globe Rebranding Brings Prabowo Into the Electoral Frame Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia Routledge Research on Southeast Asia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prabowo Subianto amp oldid 1138569480, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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