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John Gurdon

January 01, 1970

This article is about the Nobel-winning biologist. For other people with the same name, see John Gurdon (disambiguation).

Sir John Bertrand Gurdon FRS (born 2 October 1933) is a British developmental biologist, best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation[2][3][4] and cloning.[1][5][6][7]

Sir
John Gurdon
FRS
Sir John Gurdon in 2012
Born
John Bertrand Gurdon

(1933-10-02) 2 October 1933 (age 90)
Dippenhall, Surrey, England
CitizenshipBritish
Alma materEton College
Christ Church, Oxford
Known forNuclear transfer, cloning
AwardsPaul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (1977)
William Bate Hardy Prize (1984)
Royal Medal (1985)
International Prize for Biology (1987)
Wolf Prize in Medicine (1989)
Edwin Grant Conklin Medal (2001)
Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (2009)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2012)
Scientific career
FieldsBiology and Developmental Biology
InstitutionsUniversity of Oxford
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
University of Cambridge
California Institute of Technology
ThesisNuclear transplantation in Xenopus (1960)
Doctoral advisorMichail Fischberg[1]
Doctoral studentsDouglas A. Melton
Edward M. De Robertis
Websitewww.zoo.cam.ac.uk/directory/john-gurdon

Awarded the Lasker Award in 2009, in 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells.[8]

Career edit

Gurdon attended Edgeborough prep school before Eton College, where he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his year group at biology, and was in the bottom set in every other science subject.[9] A schoolmaster wrote a report stating, "I believe he has ideas about becoming a scientist; on his present showing this is quite ridiculous."[10][11][12] Gurdon explains it is the only document he ever framed; he also told a reporter: "When you have problems like an experiment doesn't work, which often happens, it's nice to remind yourself that perhaps after all you are not so good at this job and the schoolmaster may have been right!"[13]

Gurdon went up to Christ Church, Oxford, to read classics then switched to zoology, graduating as MA. For his DPhil degree he studied nuclear transplantation in a frog species of the genus Xenopus,[14][15] supervised by Dr Michail Fischberg at Oxford University.[16] After pursuing further postdoctoral work at Caltech,[17] he returned to England where his early posts were in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford (1962–71).[18]

Gurdon spent much of his research career at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (1971–83) and then in the Department of Zoology (1983–present). In 1989, he became a founding member of the Wellcome/CRC Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer (later Wellcome/CR UK) at Cambridge, becoming its chairman until 2001. He served as a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics 1991–1995, then Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, from 1995 to 2002.

Gurdon married Jean Elizabeth Margaret Curtis, by whom he has a son and a daughter.[19]

Research edit

A video from an open-access article co-authored by Gurdon:[20] Animal view of different embryos developing in Xenopus laevis eggs: a diploid laevis x laevis is shown on the top, cleaving and entering gastrulation about 50 min earlier than haploid [laevis] x laevis (middle) and [laevis] x tropicalis cybrid (bottom) embryos.

Nuclear transfer edit

In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole.[21][22] This work was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells[23] and the successful induction of polyploidy in the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculatus, in 1956 by Har Swarup reported in Nature.[24] At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell. This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland.[25] They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody-producing lymphocyte (proof that it was fully differentiated) into an enucleated egg and obtained living tadpoles.

Gurdon's experiments captured the attention of the scientific community as it altered the notion of development and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today. The term clone[26] (from the ancient Greek word κλών (klōn, "twig")) had already been in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants. In 1963 the British biologist J. B. S. Haldane, in describing Gurdon's results, became one of the first to use the word "clone" in reference to animals.

Messenger RNA expression edit

Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of Xenopus (genus of highly aquatic frog) eggs and oocytes to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules,[27] a technique which has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded and to study their function.

Recent research edit

Gurdon's recent research has focused on analysing intercellular signalling factors involved in cell differentiation, and on elucidating the mechanisms involved in reprogramming the nucleus in transplantation experiments, including the role of histone variants,[28][29] and demethylation of the transplanted DNA.[30]

Politics and religion edit

Gurdon has stated that he is politically "middle of the road", and religiously agnostic because "there is no scientific proof either way". During his time as Master of Magdalene, Gurdon caused some controversy by suggesting that Fellows might occasionally be allowed to deliver "an address on anything they would like to talk about" in college chapel services.[31] In an interview with EWTN.com, Gurdon declared "I'm what you might call liberal-minded. I'm not a Roman Catholic. I'm a Christian, of the Church of England."[32]

Honours and awards edit

Gurdon was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1971, before appointment as Knight Bachelor in 1995.

Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978,[33] the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1980,[34] and the American Philosophical Society in 1983, since 2005 he has been an Honorary Member of the American Association of Anatomists.[35]

In 2004, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer was renamed the Gurdon Institute[36] in his honour. He was awarded the 2009 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award and in 2014 delivered the Harveian Oration at the Royal College of Physicians.[37] In 2017, Gurdon received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[38] A Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) and Fellow of the Zoological Society (FZS), he has received honorary doctorates including Hon DSc (Oxon) and Hon ScD (Cantab) as well as many other awards and medals.[17]

Nobel Prize edit

In 2012, Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent".[39] His Nobel Lecture was called "The Egg and the Nucleus: A Battle for Supremacy".

 
Insignia of a Knight Bachelor

References edit

  1. ^ a b Williams, R. (2008). "Sir John Gurdon: Godfather of cloning". The Journal of Cell Biology. 181 (2): 178–179. doi:10.1083/jcb.1812pi. PMC 2315664. PMID 18426972.
  2. ^ Gurdon, J. B.; Byrne, J. A. (2003). "The first half-century of nuclear transplantation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8048–8052. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8048G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1337135100. PMC 166179. PMID 12821779.
  3. ^ Gurdon, J. B. (2006). "From Nuclear Transfer to Nuclear Reprogramming: The Reversal of Cell Differentiation". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 22: 1–22. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.090805.140144. PMID 16704337. S2CID 6185731.
  4. ^ Gurdon, J. B.; Melton, D. A. (2008). "Nuclear Reprogramming in Cells". Science. 322 (5909): 1811–1815. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1811G. doi:10.1126/science.1160810. PMID 19095934.
  5. ^ Kain, K. (2009). "The birth of cloning: An interview with John Gurdon". Disease Models and Mechanisms. 2 (1–2): 9–10. doi:10.1242/dmm.002014. PMC 2615171. PMID 19132124.
  6. ^ Gurdon, J. (2003). "John Gurdon". Current Biology. 13 (19): R759–R760. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.015. PMID 14521852. S2CID 12271157.
  7. ^ Gurdon, J. (2000). "Not a total waste of time. An interview with John Gurdon. Interview by James C Smith". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 44 (1): 93–99. PMID 10761853.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – 2012 Press Release". Nobel Media AB. 8 October 2012.
  9. ^ "Sir John Gurdon Biography and Interview". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  10. ^ "Sir John B. Gurdon – Biographical". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  11. ^ Gurdon Institute (25 August 2016), Gurdon Institute | John Gurdon's 'Journey of a lifetime' lecture, March 2016, retrieved 3 June 2017
  12. ^ . Western Gazette. 18 October 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  13. ^ Collins, Nick (8 October 2012). "Sir John Gurdon, Nobel Prize winner, was 'too stupid' for science at school". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  14. ^ Nuclear transplantation in Xenopus (Thesis). Thesis DPhil—University of Oxford. 1960.
  15. ^ Gurdon, John (1961). Studies on nucleocytoplasmic relationships during differentiation in vertebrates (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.(subscription required)
  16. ^ www.zoo.cam.ac.uk
  17. ^ a b Rodney Porter Lectures: Biography
  18. ^ www.chch.ox.ac.uk
  19. ^ www.burkespeerage.com
  20. ^ Narbonne, P.; Simpson, D. E.; Gurdon, J. B. (2011). Misteli, Tom (ed.). "Deficient Induction Response in a Xenopus Nucleocytoplasmic Hybrid". PLOS Biology. 9 (11): e1001197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001197. PMC 3217020. PMID 22131902.
  21. ^ Gurdon, J. B.; Elsdale, T. R.; Fischberg, M. (1958). "Sexually Mature Individuals of Xenopus laevis from the Transplantation of Single Somatic Nuclei". Nature. 182 (4627): 64–65. Bibcode:1958Natur.182...64G. doi:10.1038/182064a0. PMID 13566187. S2CID 4254765.
  22. ^ Gurdon, J. B. (1962). "The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles". Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. 10: 622–640. PMID 13951335.
  23. ^ Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King (May 1952). "Transplantation of Living Nuclei From Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 38 (5): 455–463. Bibcode:1952PNAS...38..455B. doi:10.1073/pnas.38.5.455. PMC 1063586. PMID 16589125.
  24. ^ Swarup H. Production of heteroploidy in the three-spined stickle back (Gasterosteus aculeatus L) Nature in 1956;178:1124–1125. doi: 10.1038/1781124a0; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v178/n4542/abs/1781124a0.html
  25. ^ Wabl, M. R.; Brun, R. B.; Du Pasquier, L. (1975). "Lymphocytes of the toad Xenopus laevis have the gene set for promoting tadpole development". Science. 190 (4221): 1310–1312. Bibcode:1975Sci...190.1310W. doi:10.1126/science.1198115. PMID 1198115. S2CID 23153308.
  26. ^ Gurdon, J. B.; Colman, A. (1999). "The future of cloning". Nature. 402 (6763): 743–746. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..743G. doi:10.1038/45429. PMID 10617195. S2CID 4302017.
  27. ^ Gurdon, J. B.; Lane, C. D.; Woodland, H. R.; Marbaix, G. (1971). "Use of Frog Eggs and Oocytes for the Study of Messenger RNA and its Translation in Living Cells". Nature. 233 (5316): 177–182. Bibcode:1971Natur.233..177G. doi:10.1038/233177a0. PMID 4939175. S2CID 4160808.
  28. ^ Jullien, J.; Astrand, C.; Halley-Stott, R. P.; Garrett, N.; Gurdon, J. B. (2010). "Characterization of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming by oocytes in which a linker histone is required for pluripotency gene reactivation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (12): 5483–5488. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5483J. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000599107. PMC 2851752. PMID 20212135.
  29. ^ Pasque, V.; Gillich, A.; Garrett, N.; Gurdon, J. B. (2011). "Histone variant macroH2A confers resistance to nuclear reprogramming". The EMBO Journal. 30 (12): 2373–2387. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.144. PMC 3116279. PMID 21552206.
  30. ^ Simonsson, S.; Gurdon, J. (2004). "DNA demethylation is necessary for the epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (10): 984–990. doi:10.1038/ncb1176. PMID 15448701. S2CID 23201099.
  31. ^ Johnny Michael (11 October 2012). . upublish.info. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013.
  32. ^ Ann Schneible (4 December 2013). "Nobel Prize Winner Participates at Vatican Conference".
  33. ^ "John Bertrand Gurdon". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  34. ^ "John B. Gurdon". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  35. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  36. ^ "The Gurdon Institute". Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  37. ^ . Royal College of Physicians. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  38. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  39. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012". NobelPrize.org. 8 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Gurdon.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to John Gurdon.
  • Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 20 August 2008 (video)
  • including Chapter 1: John B Gurdon (1989) (pdf, 6 Mb)
  • Cloning and Stem Cell Discoveries Earn Nobel in Medicine (New York Times, 8 October 2012)
  • His ("The Egg and the Nucleus: A Battle for Supremacy") and Yamanaka's 2012 Nobel Lectures on YouTube (7 December 2012)
  • Sir John B. Gurdon on Nobelprize.org  
Academic offices
Preceded by Fullerian Professor of Physiology
1985–1991 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge
1994–2002 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
john, gurdon, this, article, about, nobel, winning, biologist, other, people, with, same, name, disambiguation, john, bertrand, gurdon, born, october, 1933, british, developmental, biologist, best, known, pioneering, research, nuclear, transplantation, cloning. This article is about the Nobel winning biologist For other people with the same name see John Gurdon disambiguation Sir John Bertrand Gurdon FRS born 2 October 1933 is a British developmental biologist best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation 2 3 4 and cloning 1 5 6 7 SirJohn GurdonFRSSir John Gurdon in 2012BornJohn Bertrand Gurdon 1933 10 02 2 October 1933 age 90 Dippenhall Surrey EnglandCitizenshipBritishAlma materEton CollegeChrist Church OxfordKnown forNuclear transfer cloningAwardsPaul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 1977 William Bate Hardy Prize 1984 Royal Medal 1985 International Prize for Biology 1987 Wolf Prize in Medicine 1989 Edwin Grant Conklin Medal 2001 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 Scientific careerFieldsBiology and Developmental BiologyInstitutionsUniversity of OxfordMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUniversity of CambridgeCalifornia Institute of TechnologyThesisNuclear transplantation in Xenopus 1960 Doctoral advisorMichail Fischberg 1 Doctoral studentsDouglas A MeltonEdward M De RobertisWebsitewww wbr zoo wbr cam wbr ac wbr uk wbr directory wbr john gurdon Awarded the Lasker Award in 2009 in 2012 he and Shinya Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells 8 Contents 1 Career 2 Research 2 1 Nuclear transfer 2 2 Messenger RNA expression 2 3 Recent research 3 Politics and religion 4 Honours and awards 4 1 Nobel Prize 5 References 6 External linksCareer editGurdon attended Edgeborough prep school before Eton College where he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his year group at biology and was in the bottom set in every other science subject 9 A schoolmaster wrote a report stating I believe he has ideas about becoming a scientist on his present showing this is quite ridiculous 10 11 12 Gurdon explains it is the only document he ever framed he also told a reporter When you have problems like an experiment doesn t work which often happens it s nice to remind yourself that perhaps after all you are not so good at this job and the schoolmaster may have been right 13 Gurdon went up to Christ Church Oxford to read classics then switched to zoology graduating as MA For his DPhil degree he studied nuclear transplantation in a frog species of the genus Xenopus 14 15 supervised by Dr Michail Fischberg at Oxford University 16 After pursuing further postdoctoral work at Caltech 17 he returned to England where his early posts were in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford 1962 71 18 Gurdon spent much of his research career at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology 1971 83 and then in the Department of Zoology 1983 present In 1989 he became a founding member of the Wellcome CRC Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer later Wellcome CR UK at Cambridge becoming its chairman until 2001 He served as a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics 1991 1995 then Master of Magdalene College Cambridge from 1995 to 2002 Gurdon married Jean Elizabeth Margaret Curtis by whom he has a son and a daughter 19 Research edit source source source source source source source A video from an open access article co authored by Gurdon 20 Animal view of different embryos developing in Xenopus laevis eggs a diploid laevis x laevis is shown on the top cleaving and entering gastrulation about 50 min earlier than haploid laevis x laevis middle and laevis x tropicalis cybrid bottom embryos Nuclear transfer edit In 1958 Gurdon then at the University of Oxford successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole 21 22 This work was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells 23 and the successful induction of polyploidy in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculatus in 1956 by Har Swarup reported in Nature 24 At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland 25 They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody producing lymphocyte proof that it was fully differentiated into an enucleated egg and obtained living tadpoles Gurdon s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community as it altered the notion of development and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today The term clone 26 from the ancient Greek word klwn klōn twig had already been in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants In 1963 the British biologist J B S Haldane in describing Gurdon s results became one of the first to use the word clone in reference to animals Messenger RNA expression edit Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of Xenopus genus of highly aquatic frog eggs and oocytes to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules 27 a technique which has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded and to study their function Recent research edit Gurdon s recent research has focused on analysing intercellular signalling factors involved in cell differentiation and on elucidating the mechanisms involved in reprogramming the nucleus in transplantation experiments including the role of histone variants 28 29 and demethylation of the transplanted DNA 30 Politics and religion editGurdon has stated that he is politically middle of the road and religiously agnostic because there is no scientific proof either way During his time as Master of Magdalene Gurdon caused some controversy by suggesting that Fellows might occasionally be allowed to deliver an address on anything they would like to talk about in college chapel services 31 In an interview with EWTN com Gurdon declared I m what you might call liberal minded I m not a Roman Catholic I m a Christian of the Church of England 32 Honours and awards editGurdon was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society FRS in 1971 before appointment as Knight Bachelor in 1995 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978 33 the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1980 34 and the American Philosophical Society in 1983 since 2005 he has been an Honorary Member of the American Association of Anatomists 35 In 2004 the Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer was renamed the Gurdon Institute 36 in his honour He was awarded the 2009 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award and in 2014 delivered the Harveian Oration at the Royal College of Physicians 37 In 2017 Gurdon received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement 38 A Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences FMedSci and Fellow of the Zoological Society FZS he has received honorary doctorates including Hon DSc Oxon and Hon ScD Cantab as well as many other awards and medals 17 Nobel Prize edit In 2012 Gurdon was awarded jointly with Shinya Yamanaka the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent 39 His Nobel Lecture was called The Egg and the Nucleus A Battle for Supremacy nbsp Insignia of a Knight BachelorReferences edit a b Williams R 2008 Sir John Gurdon Godfather of cloning The Journal of Cell Biology 181 2 178 179 doi 10 1083 jcb 1812pi PMC 2315664 PMID 18426972 Gurdon J B Byrne J A 2003 The first half century of nuclear transplantation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 14 8048 8052 Bibcode 2003PNAS 100 8048G doi 10 1073 pnas 1337135100 PMC 166179 PMID 12821779 Gurdon J B 2006 From Nuclear Transfer to Nuclear Reprogramming The Reversal of Cell Differentiation Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 22 1 22 doi 10 1146 annurev cellbio 22 090805 140144 PMID 16704337 S2CID 6185731 Gurdon J B Melton D A 2008 Nuclear Reprogramming in Cells Science 322 5909 1811 1815 Bibcode 2008Sci 322 1811G doi 10 1126 science 1160810 PMID 19095934 Kain K 2009 The birth of cloning An interview with John Gurdon Disease Models and Mechanisms 2 1 2 9 10 doi 10 1242 dmm 002014 PMC 2615171 PMID 19132124 Gurdon J 2003 John Gurdon Current Biology 13 19 R759 R760 doi 10 1016 j cub 2003 09 015 PMID 14521852 S2CID 12271157 Gurdon J 2000 Not a total waste of time An interview with John Gurdon Interview by James C Smith The International Journal of Developmental Biology 44 1 93 99 PMID 10761853 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 Press Release Nobel Media AB 8 October 2012 Sir John Gurdon Biography and Interview achievement org American Academy of Achievement Sir John B Gurdon Biographical nobelprize org Retrieved 3 June 2017 Gurdon Institute 25 August 2016 Gurdon Institute John Gurdon s Journey of a lifetime lecture March 2016 retrieved 3 June 2017 None of us should ever be written off Western Gazette 18 October 2012 Archived from the original on 30 November 2012 Retrieved 24 October 2012 Collins Nick 8 October 2012 Sir John Gurdon Nobel Prize winner was too stupid for science at school The Telegraph London Retrieved 29 April 2016 Nuclear transplantation in Xenopus Thesis Thesis DPhil University of Oxford 1960 Gurdon John 1961 Studies on nucleocytoplasmic relationships during differentiation in vertebrates DPhil thesis University of Oxford subscription required www zoo cam ac uk a b Rodney Porter Lectures Biography www chch ox ac uk www burkespeerage com Narbonne P Simpson D E Gurdon J B 2011 Misteli Tom ed Deficient Induction Response in a Xenopus Nucleocytoplasmic Hybrid PLOS Biology 9 11 e1001197 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 1001197 PMC 3217020 PMID 22131902 Gurdon J B Elsdale T R Fischberg M 1958 Sexually Mature Individuals of Xenopus laevis from the Transplantation of Single Somatic Nuclei Nature 182 4627 64 65 Bibcode 1958Natur 182 64G doi 10 1038 182064a0 PMID 13566187 S2CID 4254765 Gurdon J B 1962 The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 10 622 640 PMID 13951335 Robert Briggs and Thomas J King May 1952 Transplantation of Living Nuclei From Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs Eggs Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 38 5 455 463 Bibcode 1952PNAS 38 455B doi 10 1073 pnas 38 5 455 PMC 1063586 PMID 16589125 Swarup H Production of heteroploidy in the three spined stickle back Gasterosteus aculeatus L Nature in 1956 178 1124 1125 doi 10 1038 1781124a0 http www nature com nature journal v178 n4542 abs 1781124a0 html Wabl M R Brun R B Du Pasquier L 1975 Lymphocytes of the toad Xenopus laevis have the gene set for promoting tadpole development Science 190 4221 1310 1312 Bibcode 1975Sci 190 1310W doi 10 1126 science 1198115 PMID 1198115 S2CID 23153308 Gurdon J B Colman A 1999 The future of cloning Nature 402 6763 743 746 Bibcode 1999Natur 402 743G doi 10 1038 45429 PMID 10617195 S2CID 4302017 Gurdon J B Lane C D Woodland H R Marbaix G 1971 Use of Frog Eggs and Oocytes for the Study of Messenger RNA and its Translation in Living Cells Nature 233 5316 177 182 Bibcode 1971Natur 233 177G doi 10 1038 233177a0 PMID 4939175 S2CID 4160808 Jullien J Astrand C Halley Stott R P Garrett N Gurdon J B 2010 Characterization of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming by oocytes in which a linker histone is required for pluripotency gene reactivation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 12 5483 5488 Bibcode 2010PNAS 107 5483J doi 10 1073 pnas 1000599107 PMC 2851752 PMID 20212135 Pasque V Gillich A Garrett N Gurdon J B 2011 Histone variant macroH2A confers resistance to nuclear reprogramming The EMBO Journal 30 12 2373 2387 doi 10 1038 emboj 2011 144 PMC 3116279 PMID 21552206 Simonsson S Gurdon J 2004 DNA demethylation is necessary for the epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei Nature Cell Biology 6 10 984 990 doi 10 1038 ncb1176 PMID 15448701 S2CID 23201099 Johnny Michael 11 October 2012 John Gurdon on ethics politics religion and anti theism upublish info Archived from the original on 28 March 2013 Ann Schneible 4 December 2013 Nobel Prize Winner Participates at Vatican Conference John Bertrand Gurdon American Academy of Arts amp Sciences Retrieved 25 May 2022 John B Gurdon www nasonline org Retrieved 25 May 2022 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 25 May 2022 The Gurdon Institute Retrieved 26 July 2011 2014 Event listing from April onwards Royal College of Physicians Archived from the original on 7 June 2010 Retrieved 7 April 2014 Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement achievement org American Academy of Achievement The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 NobelPrize org 8 October 2012 Retrieved 8 October 2012 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Gurdon nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to John Gurdon Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 20 August 2008 video Wolf Prize in Medicine 1978 2008 edited by John Gurdon book including Chapter 1 John B Gurdon 1989 pdf 6 Mb Cloning and Stem Cell Discoveries Earn Nobel in Medicine New York Times 8 October 2012 His The Egg and the Nucleus A Battle for Supremacy and Yamanaka s 2012 Nobel Lectures on YouTube 7 December 2012 Sir John B Gurdon on Nobelprize org nbsp Academic offices Preceded bySir David Chilton Phillips Fullerian Professor of Physiology1985 1991 Succeeded byDame Anne McLaren Preceded bySir David Calcutt Master of Magdalene College Cambridge1994 2002 Succeeded byDuncan Robinson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Gurdon amp oldid 1195266796, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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