Jatropha gossypiifolia, commonly known as bellyache bush, black physicnut or cotton-leaf physicnut, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.[2] The species is native to Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean islands, but is currently spread throughout the tropics.[3] It is declared noxious weed in Puerto Rico and is naturalised in northern Australia, including Queensland where it is listed as a Class 2 declared pest plant.[2][4] It grows to 2.5–4 m (8.2–13.1 ft) high. The three lobed leaves are purple and sticky when young and become bright green with age. The small red flowers with yellow centres appear in clusters. These are followed by cherry-sized seed pods that are poisonous.[4] Powdery mildew fungal disease was reported.[5]
There are many common names for Jatropha gossypiifolia including: bellyache-bush, black physicnut, and cotton-leaf physicnut in English; pinon negro, pinon colorado, and tua-tua in Spanish; medicinier noir and medicinier rouge in French; mamoninha and peao-roxo in Brazil; jarak ulung in Thailand, jarak merah and sibidigua in India.[6]
Several human and veterinary uses in traditional medicine are described for different parts (leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and latex) and preparations (infusion, decoction, and maceration, among others) based on this plant, by different routes (oral or topical). The most frequent reports concern its antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antiophidian, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, healing, antianemic, antidiabetic, and antihemorrhagic activities, among many other examples. Other uses are also related to this plant, such as biodiesel production, pesticide, insecticide, vermifuge, ornamentation, and even its use in religious rituals.[7]
'The American Instructor,' a reference book written by Benjamin Franklin, states it can be used as an abortion tonic, along with pennyroyal:[8][9][10]
Now I am upon Female Infirmities, it will not be unreasonable to touch upon a common Complaint among unmarried women, namely The Suppression of the Courses. This don’t only disparage their Complexions, but fills them besides with sundry Disorders. For this Misfortune, you must purge with Highland Flagg (commonly called Belly ach Root) a Week before you expect to be out of Order ; and repeat the same two Days after: the next Morning drink a Quarter of a Pint of Pennyroyal Water, or Decoction, and as much again at Night when you go to Bed. Continue this 9 Days running ; and after resting 3 Days, go on with it for 9 more. Ride out every fair Day, stir nimbly about your Affairs, and breathe as much as possible in the open Air.
— George Fisher, Anne Fisher (pub. Benjamin Franklin and D. Hall), The American Instructor, Or, Young Man's Best Companion (1758)
The herb has been traditionally used as an oral contraceptive and abortifacient, and ethanol extracts have effectiveness in reducing fertility in rats.[11] though the identity of the chemicals responsible for endocrine disruption are not yet known.
^Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Jatropha gossypiifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T18435590A148992608. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T18435590A148992608.en. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
^Félix-Silva, Juliana; Giordani, Raquel Brandt; Silva-Jr, Arnóbio Antonio da; Zucolotto, Silvana Maria; Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas (2014). "Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014: 369204. doi:10.1155/2014/369204. ISSN 1741-427X. PMC4070477. PMID 25002902.
^Farrel, Molly (2022-05-05). "Ben Franklin Put an Abortion Recipe in His Math Textbook". Slate. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Ibrahim, Nur (2022-05-16). "Did Ben Franklin Publish a Recipe in a Math Textbook on How to Induce Abortion?". Snopes.
^Feng, Emily (2022-05-18). "Benjamin Franklin gave instructions on at-home abortions in a book in the 1700s". npr.org.
^Jain, Sachin; Choudhary, Gajendra Pratap; Jain,Dinesh Kumar (2013). "Pharmacological Evaluation and Antifertility Activity of Jatropha gossypifolia in Rats". BioMed Research International. 2013: 125980. doi:10.1155/2013/125980. PMC3816027. PMID 24222894.
External linksedit
Media related to Jatropha gossypiifolia at Wikimedia Commons
Jatropha gossypiifolia in West African plants – A Photo Guide.
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jatropha, gossypiifolia, commonly, known, bellyache, bush, black, physicnut, cotton, leaf, physicnut, species, flowering, plant, spurge, family, euphorbiaceae, species, native, mexico, south, america, caribbean, islands, currently, spread, throughout, tropics,. Jatropha gossypiifolia commonly known as bellyache bush black physicnut or cotton leaf physicnut is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae 2 The species is native to Mexico South America and the Caribbean islands but is currently spread throughout the tropics 3 It is declared noxious weed in Puerto Rico and is naturalised in northern Australia including Queensland where it is listed as a Class 2 declared pest plant 2 4 It grows to 2 5 4 m 8 2 13 1 ft high The three lobed leaves are purple and sticky when young and become bright green with age The small red flowers with yellow centres appear in clusters These are followed by cherry sized seed pods that are poisonous 4 Powdery mildew fungal disease was reported 5 Jatropha gossypiifolia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Malpighiales Family Euphorbiaceae Genus Jatropha Species J gossypiifolia Binomial name Jatropha gossypiifoliaCarl Linnaeus There are many common names for Jatropha gossypiifolia including bellyache bush black physicnut and cotton leaf physicnut in English pinon negro pinon colorado and tua tua in Spanish medicinier noir and medicinier rouge in French mamoninha and peao roxo in Brazil jarak ulung in Thailand jarak merah and sibidigua in India 6 Contents 1 Medicinal use 2 Economic importance 3 Image gallery 4 References 5 External linksMedicinal use editSeveral human and veterinary uses in traditional medicine are described for different parts leaves stems roots seeds and latex and preparations infusion decoction and maceration among others based on this plant by different routes oral or topical The most frequent reports concern its antihypertensive anti inflammatory antiophidian analgesic antipyretic antimicrobial healing antianemic antidiabetic and antihemorrhagic activities among many other examples Other uses are also related to this plant such as biodiesel production pesticide insecticide vermifuge ornamentation and even its use in religious rituals 7 The American Instructor a reference book written by Benjamin Franklin states it can be used as an abortion tonic along with pennyroyal 8 9 10 Now I am upon Female Infirmities it will not be unreasonable to touch upon a common Complaint among unmarried women namely The Suppression of the Courses This don t only disparage their Complexions but fills them besides with sundry Disorders For this Misfortune you must purge with Highland Flagg commonly called Belly ach Root a Week before you expect to be out of Order and repeat the same two Days after the next Morning drink a Quarter of a Pint of Pennyroyal Water or Decoction and as much again at Night when you go to Bed Continue this 9 Days running and after resting 3 Days go on with it for 9 more Ride out every fair Day stir nimbly about your Affairs and breathe as much as possible in the open Air George Fisher Anne Fisher pub Benjamin Franklin and D Hall The American Instructor Or Young Man s Best Companion 1758 The herb has been traditionally used as an oral contraceptive and abortifacient and ethanol extracts have effectiveness in reducing fertility in rats 11 though the identity of the chemicals responsible for endocrine disruption are not yet known Economic importance editVertebrate poisons mammals 2 Weed potential seed contaminant 2 Image gallery edit nbsp Jatropha gossypiifolia nbsp Jatropha gossypiifolia flowers nbsp Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf flowers and fruitsReferences edit Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019 Jatropha gossypiifolia IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T18435590A148992608 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 2 RLTS T18435590A148992608 en Retrieved 28 November 2022 a b c d Jatropha gossypiifolia Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 7 June 2012 Jatropha gossypiifolia Kew Royal Botanic Gardens a b Bellyache bush Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Queensland Government Archived from the original on 12 November 2012 Retrieved 7 June 2012 Reddy J Raghava Reddy A Purnachandra 1980 Erysiphe euphorbiae sp nov on Jatropha gossypifolia L Current Microbiology 4 2 95 doi 10 1007 BF02602900 S2CID 40290738 Jatropha gossypiifolia bellyache bush www cabi org Retrieved 2017 10 13 Felix Silva Juliana Giordani Raquel Brandt Silva Jr Arnobio Antonio da Zucolotto Silvana Maria Fernandes Pedrosa Matheus de Freitas 2014 Jatropha gossypiifolia L Euphorbiaceae A Review of Traditional Uses Phytochemistry Pharmacology and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 369204 doi 10 1155 2014 369204 ISSN 1741 427X PMC 4070477 PMID 25002902 Farrel Molly 2022 05 05 Ben Franklin Put an Abortion Recipe in His Math Textbook Slate a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Ibrahim Nur 2022 05 16 Did Ben Franklin Publish a Recipe in a Math Textbook on How to Induce Abortion Snopes Feng Emily 2022 05 18 Benjamin Franklin gave instructions on at home abortions in a book in the 1700s npr org Jain Sachin Choudhary Gajendra Pratap Jain Dinesh Kumar 2013 Pharmacological Evaluation and Antifertility Activity of Jatropha gossypifolia in Rats BioMed Research International 2013 125980 doi 10 1155 2013 125980 PMC 3816027 PMID 24222894 External links edit nbsp Media related to Jatropha gossypiifolia at Wikimedia Commons Jatropha gossypiifolia in West African plants A Photo Guide nbsp This Euphorbiaceae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jatropha gossypiifolia amp oldid 1180277814, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
