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Illegal immigration to India

May 20, 2023

An illegal immigrant in India is a foreigner who has entered India either without valid documents or who initially had a valid document, but has overstayed beyond the permitted time, as per the general provisions of the Citizenship Act as amended in 2003. Such persons are not eligible for citizenship by registration or naturalisation.[1] They are also liable to be imprisoned for 2–8 years and fined.[2]

An exception was made in 2015 for minority communities of Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan who were compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution. They are not classified as illegal migrants and remain eligible for citizenship.[3][4]

The Indian Census of 2001 gives information about migrants, but not exclusively illegal immigrants. As per the 2001 Census, Bangladeshis form the largest group of migrants in India, followed by Pakistanis.[5]

Legal framework

Indian citizens and National Register of Citizens

Indian nationality law is governed by the Citizenship Act, 1955 (Articles 5 to 11 (Part II) of the Constitution of India), which has been amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Acts of 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005, 2015 and 2019.

The National Register of Citizens of India (NRC) is a register maintained by the Government of India containing names and certain relevant information for identification of Indian citizens of Assam state.[6] The register was first prepared after the 1951 Census of India and since then, the exercise to update it for the first time commenced only recently due to an order of the Supreme Court of India in the year 2013.[7][8][9][10]

The Government of India and various state governments[11][12] are at varying stages of implementing the NRC at the national and state level.

Foreigners

Persons in India without either a valid Indian citizenship or a visa are considered by the central government as illegal and unlawful immigrants. Illegal immigrants are subject to The Foreigners Act, 1946 which defines a foreigner as a person who is not a citizen of India.[13] According to Foreigners (Amendment) Order, 2015 persons belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, namely, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians who were compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution and entered into India on or before 31 December 2014 with or without valid documents including passport or other travel document are granted exemption from the application of provisions of the Foreigners Act, 1946.[14] Where the nationality of a person is not evident, the onus of proving whether a person is a foreigner or not shall lie upon such person.[13] Furthermore, anyone who believes that a foreigner has entered India, or the owners and managers of the property where such a foreigner resides illegally in India must inform the nearest police station within 24 hours of their presence becoming known.[13] The Foreigners Act empowers the Indian administration to detain a person until they are deported back to their country.[15]

Illegal migrants

Preventing the entry of illegal migrants into India is important as they impose pressure on citizens and pose a security threat, especially in sensitive areas such as Jammu and West Bengal.[16] For example, the Indian security establishments said that "Some Rohingyas sympathizing with many militant group's ideologies may be active in Jammu, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Mewat and can be a potential threat to internal security."[17]

According to Indian law, illegal immigrants are not refugees. Since India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention,[18][19] the United Nations principle of non-refoulement and impediment to expulsion does not apply in India. Illegal immigrants are denied impediment to expulsion if they do not fall within the host country's legal definition of a lawful refugee.[20]

Illegal immigrants are people who migrate to a country in violation of the immigration laws of that country, or the continued residence of people without the legal right to live in that country. Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, from poorer to richer countries.[21]

In 2005, the Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983 was rejected by the Supreme Court of India which held that the act "has created the biggest hurdle and is the main impediment or barrier in the identification and deportation of illegal migrants."[22] On 9 August 2012, during a Supreme Court hearing about a public interest litigation petition for deportation of illegal migrants, it was told that the policy of the government of India does not support any kind of illegal migration either into its territory or illegal immigration of its citizens and the government is committed to deporting illegal Bangladeshi migrants, but only lawfully.[23]

Legal refugees

See also: Two-nation theory (Pakistan), Partition of India, and 1971 Bangladesh genocide

The government of India has recognised immigrants from Tibet and Sri Lanka as refugees in the past, providing free education and some identification to the former.[18]

The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 amended the Citizenship Act, 1955 to allow migrants from minority communities like Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Christian, Parsi who fled religious persecution from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan to be eligible for Indian citizenship provided they came into the country on or before 31 December 2014,[24][25][26] excluding people from the Muslim community (the majority community of those nations).[27]

Demographics

Afghanistan immigrants

By 2009, India had over 13,000 illegal immigrants from Afghanistan.[28] According to a report by the Afghan embassy in Delhi, refugees from Afghanistan, estimated at around 30,000 families, have, over the past two and a half decades, fled from their home towns due to large-scale conflicts, seeking safety in India's capital city. Many outsiders call Delhi home, but the Afghan people claim a special relationship with India and its capital, due to the ancient and modern history between both nations. There are nearly 11,000 Afghan refugees registered with the UNHCR in India, mainly living in Delhi and bordering areas. The refugees in Delhi face considerable hardships and difficulties.[29]

Bangladeshi immigrants

An estimation made in the year 2000 placed the total number of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in India at 15 million, with around 300,000 entering every year. Some people say that for each illegal immigrant that is caught, four illegally enter the country. While many immigrants have settled in the border areas, some have moved on, even to faraway places such as Mumbai and Delhi.[30] During the UPA government, Sriprakash Jaiswal, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, made a statement in Parliament on 14 July 2004, saying that "12 million illegal Bangladeshi infiltrators were living in India", and West Bengal had the most with 5.7 million Bangladeshis. This led to protests from state government of Assam, ruled by Congress, and consequent retraction of this statement, saying that the numbers are unreliable. More recently, Kiren Rijiju, Minister of State for Home Affairs in the NDA government has put the figure at around 20 million.[31] Critics point out that the Bengali politicians, particularly those from the ruling Trinamool Congress and the CPI (M), believe that a soft approach to the problem helps them to win Muslim votes.[32]

According to the 2001 census, 3,084,826 people in India came from Bangladesh.[5] No reliable numbers on illegal immigrants are currently available. Extrapolating the census data for the state of Assam alone gives a figure of 2 million.[33][34] Figures as high as 20 million are also reported in the government and media.[35][36] Samir Guha Roy of the Indian Statistical Institute called these estimates "motivated exaggerated". After examining the population growth and demographic statistics, Roy states that while a vast majority are illegal immigrants, significant amounts of internal migration is sometimes falsely thought to be immigrants. An analysis of the numbers by Roy revealed that on average around 91000 Bangladeshis illegally crossed over to India every year during the years 1981–1991.[37] According to a former Indian Ex-BSF Officer, There are about 2-6 crore Bangladeshi migrants living in India illegally.[38][39][40][41]

The Bangladesh Liberation War and continued political and economic turmoil in Bangladesh in the following decades forced some Bangladeshis to seek refuge in India. During the war, at least 10 million Bangladeshis (80% of whom were Hindus) have crossed into India illegally to seek refuge from widespread rape and genocide.[42] Most of them migrated to the border states, particularly West Bengal and Assam.[34] Due to persecution, illegal migrants have been defined in Assam Accord as those who infiltrated illegally after 24 December 1971.[34]

Burmese immigrants

There are an estimated 50,000–100,000 Burmese Chin illegal immigrants are stated to be residing in India, mostly in the Indian state of Mizoram and a small number in Delhi.[43][44][45]

Pakistani immigrants

About 7,600 illegal immigrants from Pakistan resided in India in 2010. Many of the migrants are Hindus and Sikhs, who have overstayed, attempting to gain citizenship.[28]

Rohingyas

See also: Mohammad Salimullah v. Union of India

In recent years, Rohingya people have been increasingly seeking refuge in India, facing longstanding state-persecution in Myanmar.[46][47]

According to the Union Government, there were 10565 Rohingya families in India as of 2015; Samaddar et al. extrapolated to arrive at a figure of over a million immigrants.[47][a][b] In August 2017, the Bharatiya Janata Party led Union Government asked state governments to initiate the process of deportation for all illegal immigrants including Rohingyas.[48] The government did not buckle despite criticism.[49] This was challenged before the Supreme Court of India by three Rohingya refugees, wherein the Government of India submitted an affidavit claiming that there were over 40,000 "illegal [Rohingya] immigrants", mostly spread across Assam, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir and that they were a threat to the security of state.[17][50]

In March 2021, several media reports claimed that about 150 Rohingya refugees from Jammu were held in detention centers. an interim application was filed seeking their release though the government denied any detainment.[50] A bench of Sharad Bobde, A. S. Bopanna and V. Ramasubramanian passed an interim order in favor of the government; government-arguments about India being not bound to follow international conventions, she has not explicitly ratified and Art. 14 and Art. 21 not conferring any immunity to non-citizens from deportation (as mandated by procedure) were accepted.[50][c][51]

Concerns over Bangladeshi illegal immigrants

Higher judiciary's concerns

In 2005, a Supreme Court bench ruled Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act (IMDT) as unconstitutional while,[52] with reference to the Sinha Report,[53] maintained that the impact of the "aggression" represented by large-scale illegal migration from Bangladesh had made the life of the people of Assam and Tripura "wholly insecure and the panic generated thereby had created fear psychosis" in other north-eastern States.[52] In August 2008, the Delhi High Court dismissed a petition by a Bangladeshi national against her deportation. The High Court ruled that the illegal Bangladeshi immigrants "pose a danger to India's internal security".[54]

National security threats

See also: National security risks, Terrorism in India, National Security Strategy (India), and Kha Maung Seik massacre of Hindus

Apart from immigrants, a large number of smugglers regularly cross the porous border along West Bengal into India.[55] They mainly engage in smuggling goods and livestock from India into Bangladesh to avoid a high tariff imposed on some Indian goods by Bangladesh government.[55] Bangladeshi women and girls are also trafficked to India.[56] The Centre for Women and Children Studies estimated in 1998 that 27,000 Bangladeshis have been forced into prostitution in India.[57][58] According to the CEDAW report, 1% of all foreign prostitutes in India and 2.7% of prostitutes in Kolkata are from Bangladesh.[59]

Rohingya adds economic pressure on Indian populace; due to their militant activities, they pose a security threat, especially in sensitive areas such as Jammu and West Bengal.[16][17] Some Indian security establishments[who?] stated that "Some Rohingyas sympathizing with many militant group's ideologies may be active in Jammu, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Mewat and can be a potential threat to internal security."[17]

State-specific concerns

 
ABVP addressing about Bangladeshi illegal immigrants

Assam

Further information: Assam Movement and Assam Accord

In Assam, the Assam Movement against illegal immigrants started as early as 1979 and ended in 1985, led by the All Assam Students Union. Over six years, 855 (later on 860 as submitted by AASU) people sacrificed their lives in the hope of an "Infiltration Free Assam".[60][61] They demanded an end to the influx of immigrants and deportation of those who have already settled.[34] It gradually took a violent turn and ethnic violence began between Assamese and Bengalis, mostly Muslims. It eventually led to the infamous Nellie massacre in 1983 due to a controversy over the 1983 election.[62] In 1985, the Indian Government signed the Assam Accord with the leaders of the protest to stop the issue.[34][63] As per the accord, India began building a fence along the Assam-Bangladesh border which is now almost complete.[64] However, Assam also has a large number of legal Indian Muslims. It is difficult to distinguish between illegal Bangladeshis and local Bengali speakers.[65] In some cases, genuine Indian citizens have been discriminated against.[34] Allegations exist that nationalist parties such as the Bharatiya Janata Party as well as the Indian National Congress have discriminated against Bengali-speaking Muslims.[66] On the other hand, reports of Bangladeshis being able to secure Indian ration and voter identity cards have come out.[67][68]

After the 1991 census, the changing demographic patterns in border districts became more visible.[33][34] It created anxiety and tension in India throughout the nineties. Both conservatives,[69] as well as moderates,[33] expressed concern on this issue. The first BJP government came into power in 1998 and subsequently ordered the construction of the Indo-Bangladesh barrier to stop migrants and illegal trade along the border. It was planned to enhance the already existing barrier in Assam and to encircle West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram as well.[70][71][72]

Delhi

There is an organised influx of nearly 40,000 illegal Bangladeshi and Rohingya Muslim immigrants in Delhi who have been said to pose a national security risk and threaten the national integration. A lawyer named Ashwini Upadhyay filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the "Supreme Court of India" (SC) to identify and deport these. In a response to this PIL, Delhi Police told the SC in July 2019 that nearly 500 illegal Bangladeshi immigrants had been deported in the preceding 28 months.[73]

Haryana

In September 2019, the Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar announced the implementation of NRC for Haryana by setting up a legal framework under the former judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Justice HS Bhalla for updating NRC which will help in "weeding out" these illegal immigrants.[11]

Jammu and Kashmir

There are Rohingya illegal immigrants in Jammu, which has created a dissatisfaction among the general public that Rohingya Muslim settlements in Jammu will change the demographics of the Hindu majority and may lead to violence in the future by giving reference to the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus by Kashmiri Muslims earlier. The presence of Rohingya Muslims in Jammu is thus considered as a sensitive issue for Indian security.[17]

Kerala

Although Kerala is at a large distance from Bangladesh (~2500 km), Bangladeshi illegal migrants have been moving to Kerala owing to the high wages for unskilled and semi-skilled labourers. Following the Kerala Police unearthing, the international footprint of this operation, both the Intelligence Bureau and National Investigation Agency (NIA) have started probing. Some illegal migrants are fully equipped with all valid Indian documents by the time they reach their destinations. The Kerala police are reportedly finding it difficult to check the influx of these Bangladeshi migrants.[74] Kerala State Intelligence officials said they found that a large section of Migrant labourers in Kerala claiming to be from West Bengal or even Assam were actually from Bangladesh.[75] Anti-national activities have been reported; the latest in which in August 2016, a native of West Bengal was arrested for insulting the national flag and he was later found to be an illegal immigrant from Bangladesh. There is said to be a major racket at the borders of West Bengal and Assam with Bangladesh which provides illegal migrants with identity cards.[76]

Mizoram

Bangladeshi Buddhist Chakma immigrants[77] from Bangladesh have settled in the southern part of Mizoram because they were displaced by the construction of the Kaptai Dam on the Karnaphuli River in 1962, the dam flooded 655 square kilometres and displaced over 100,000 people, most of them were Chakma people.[78] As there was no rehabilitation and compensation, they fled from Bangladesh to India.[78] The Chakma people also resisted inclusion into Bangladesh during the Bangladeshi Independence in 1971 through armed struggle led by Shanti Bahini because they were ethnically, culturally and religiously distinct, this violent confrontation between Shanti Bahini and Bangladeshi Army led to Chakma fleeing Bangladesh for India.[79]

Tripura

Tripura demographics have been altered due to the influx of illegal Bangladeshi refugees and immigrants alike. The politics and socio-economic conditions have been greatly affected by it. The influx started from the 70s after the Liberation of Bangladesh 1971. The proportion of the local Tripuri population was reduced from 59.1% in 1951 to 31.1% in 2011.[80] All major political parties in Tripura favour the replication of National Register of Citizens of India (NRC) in their state too, although with some riders.[81]

Uttar Pradesh

In October 2019, UP's Director general of police who cited "very important" concerns for the state's internal security, instructed all district police chiefs, IG, DIG range and ADG zone to commence a statewide campaign to start Identifying illegal Bangladeshi and foreigners. UP DGP Headquarters has prepared for an NRC for UP requires identification of new settlements around the railway stations, bus stands, roadsides and slum clusters where Bangladeshi and other foreign nationals could be illegally residing. They will be fingerprinted, and their identity verification will be video recorded, and suspicious people will be verified in a time-bound manner. Police will also track down government employees and touts who prepared fake documents for these illegal migrants.[12]

Illegal Bangladeshi and Rohingyas are found in several cities of Uttar Pradesh (UP) by changing their identity and name, making it difficult to get an idea of their background. A large number of illegal Bangladeshis resided under a fake identity in ashrams and rented houses in Mathura, Vrindavan, Govardhan and other places for several years without a passport or other valid documents. They illegally crossed the border into India, acquire the fake identity, open bank accounts and used to send money from relatives back in their country. In October 2019, cops held 150 illegal Bangladeshi intruders who admitted to having come from Bangladesh by the river. All of them had acquired an Aadhar card, bank passbook, ration card and voter ID cards from India. They pose significant security and terrorism, law and order risk, due to religious activities in the Mathura area. They prefer Mathura as it is easier to hide among the transient pilgrims, and also because Mathura is on the border of Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan where they can easily escape.[82]

West Bengal

The other Indian state affected by this problem, West Bengal, remained mostly calm during this period. However Indian newspapers reported that "the state government has reported that illegal Bangladeshi migrants have trickled into parts of rural Bengal, including Nandigram,[83] over the years, and settled down as sharecroppers with the help of local Left leaders. Though a majority of these immigrants became tillers, they lacked documents to prove the ownership of land.[83]

The Government of Bangladesh has denied India's claims on illegal immigration.[84][85]

After the 2001 census, the anxiety somewhat reduced when the growth rates were found to have returned to near-normal levels, particularly in West Bengal, thus negating the fear that there was an unabated influx of migrants,[86][87] although some concern remains.

The proportion of Muslims in West Bengal has grown from 19.85% in 1951 to 27.01% in 2011. That, of course, does not have any reflection on immigration, it is generally attributed to a higher growth rate amongst the Muslims.[88] However, when one has a closer look at the CD Blocks along the India-Bangladesh border questions come up. The exceedingly high decadal population growth rate in certain CD Blocks, such as in Basirhat subdivision in North 24 Parganas district and CD Blocks along with the riverine international border in Murshidabad district does raise concerns.

The decadal growth rate of the population for West Bengal in 2001–11 was 13.93%.[89] The decadal growth of population in Basirhat I CD Block in 2001–2011 was 16.16%.[90] The decadal growth of population in Basirhat I CD Block in 1991–2001 was 20.94%.[91] The decadal growth of population in Hasnabad CD Block in 2001–2011 was 14.50%.[90] The decadal growth of the population in Hasnabad CD Block in 1991–2001 was 17.47%.[92] The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring Satkhira District in Bangladesh was 6.50% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 16.75% in the decade 1991–2001 and 17.90% in the decade 1981–1991.[93]

The decadal growth rates, for the decade 2001–2011, were still higher in the border areas of Murshidabad district. In Raghunathganj II CD Block it was 37.82%, the highest amongst all the CD Blocks in the Murshidabad district, 34.09% in Samserganj CD Block, 30.82 in Suti II CD Block, 29.02% in Suti I CD Block, 23.62% in Lalgola CD Block, 22.24% In Bhagawangola II CD Block and 21.65% in Bhagawangola I CD Block.[94] The decadal growth rate of population in Chapai Nawabganj District was 15.59% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.67% in the decade 1991–2001.[95] The decadal growth rate of the population in the Rajshahi District was 13.48% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.19% in the decade 1991–2001. Both districts are across the Ganges, in Bangladesh.[96]

In both, the above cases the comparisons are between Bengali-speaking Muslim-majority areas, and hence the argument of higher growth rate amongst Muslims does not hold good. There are also other similar examples.

Notes

  1. ^ The precise breakup runs as follows: Jammu and Kashmir 6684, Andhra Pradesh 1755, Delhi 760, Haryana 677, West Bengal 361, Rajasthan 162, Uttar Pradesh 111, Punjab 50, Maharashtra 12, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3.
  2. ^ Samaddar assumes each family to have four-five members and a substantial percentage to be unenumerated.
  3. ^ For detailed critiques, see:
    • Bhatia, Gautam (8 April 2021). "Complicity in Genocide: The Supreme Court's Interim Order in the Rohingya Deportation Case". Indian Constitutional Law and Philosophy.
    • Parthasarathy, Suhrith (28 March 2021). "Article 21 in a Time of Genocide: The Rohingya Case before the Supreme Court". Indian Constitutional Law and Philosophy.
    • Pillai, Priya (19 April 2021). "International Law Omissions: Rohingya Deportation Order of the Supreme Court of India". Opinio Juris.
    • Singh, Chander Uday (26 April 2021). "Supreme Court must rethink its order on deportation of Rohingya refugees". The Indian Express.

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illegal, immigration, india, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Illegal immigration to India news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message An illegal immigrant in India is a foreigner who has entered India either without valid documents or who initially had a valid document but has overstayed beyond the permitted time as per the general provisions of the Citizenship Act as amended in 2003 Such persons are not eligible for citizenship by registration or naturalisation 1 They are also liable to be imprisoned for 2 8 years and fined 2 An exception was made in 2015 for minority communities of Bangladesh Pakistan and Afghanistan who were compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution They are not classified as illegal migrants and remain eligible for citizenship 3 4 The Indian Census of 2001 gives information about migrants but not exclusively illegal immigrants As per the 2001 Census Bangladeshis form the largest group of migrants in India followed by Pakistanis 5 Contents 1 Legal framework 1 1 Indian citizens and National Register of Citizens 1 2 Foreigners 1 2 1 Illegal migrants 1 2 2 Legal refugees 2 Demographics 2 1 Afghanistan immigrants 2 2 Bangladeshi immigrants 2 3 Burmese immigrants 2 4 Pakistani immigrants 2 5 Rohingyas 3 Concerns over Bangladeshi illegal immigrants 3 1 Higher judiciary s concerns 3 2 National security threats 4 State specific concerns 4 1 Assam 4 2 Delhi 4 3 Haryana 4 4 Jammu and Kashmir 4 5 Kerala 4 6 Mizoram 4 7 Tripura 4 8 Uttar Pradesh 4 9 West Bengal 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksLegal framework EditIndian citizens and National Register of Citizens Edit Indian nationality law is governed by the Citizenship Act 1955 Articles 5 to 11 Part II of the Constitution of India which has been amended by the Citizenship Amendment Acts of 1986 1992 2003 2005 2015 and 2019 The National Register of Citizens of India NRC is a register maintained by the Government of India containing names and certain relevant information for identification of Indian citizens of Assam state 6 The register was first prepared after the 1951 Census of India and since then the exercise to update it for the first time commenced only recently due to an order of the Supreme Court of India in the year 2013 7 8 9 10 The Government of India and various state governments 11 12 are at varying stages of implementing the NRC at the national and state level Foreigners Edit Persons in India without either a valid Indian citizenship or a visa are considered by the central government as illegal and unlawful immigrants Illegal immigrants are subject to The Foreigners Act 1946 which defines a foreigner as a person who is not a citizen of India 13 According to Foreigners Amendment Order 2015 persons belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and Pakistan namely Hindus Sikhs Buddhists Jains Parsis and Christians who were compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution and entered into India on or before 31 December 2014 with or without valid documents including passport or other travel document are granted exemption from the application of provisions of the Foreigners Act 1946 14 Where the nationality of a person is not evident the onus of proving whether a person is a foreigner or not shall lie upon such person 13 Furthermore anyone who believes that a foreigner has entered India or the owners and managers of the property where such a foreigner resides illegally in India must inform the nearest police station within 24 hours of their presence becoming known 13 The Foreigners Act empowers the Indian administration to detain a person until they are deported back to their country 15 Illegal migrants Edit Preventing the entry of illegal migrants into India is important as they impose pressure on citizens and pose a security threat especially in sensitive areas such as Jammu and West Bengal 16 For example the Indian security establishments said that Some Rohingyas sympathizing with many militant group s ideologies may be active in Jammu Delhi Hyderabad and Mewat and can be a potential threat to internal security 17 According to Indian law illegal immigrants are not refugees Since India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention 18 19 the United Nations principle of non refoulement and impediment to expulsion does not apply in India Illegal immigrants are denied impediment to expulsion if they do not fall within the host country s legal definition of a lawful refugee 20 Illegal immigrants are people who migrate to a country in violation of the immigration laws of that country or the continued residence of people without the legal right to live in that country Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward from poorer to richer countries 21 In 2005 the Illegal Migrants Determination by Tribunal Act 1983 was rejected by the Supreme Court of India which held that the act has created the biggest hurdle and is the main impediment or barrier in the identification and deportation of illegal migrants 22 On 9 August 2012 during a Supreme Court hearing about a public interest litigation petition for deportation of illegal migrants it was told that the policy of the government of India does not support any kind of illegal migration either into its territory or illegal immigration of its citizens and the government is committed to deporting illegal Bangladeshi migrants but only lawfully 23 Legal refugees Edit See also Two nation theory Pakistan Partition of India and 1971 Bangladesh genocideThe government of India has recognised immigrants from Tibet and Sri Lanka as refugees in the past providing free education and some identification to the former 18 The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 amended the Citizenship Act 1955 to allow migrants from minority communities like Hindu Sikh Buddhist Jain Christian Parsi who fled religious persecution from Afghanistan Bangladesh and Pakistan to be eligible for Indian citizenship provided they came into the country on or before 31 December 2014 24 25 26 excluding people from the Muslim community the majority community of those nations 27 Demographics EditAfghanistan immigrants Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2020 By 2009 India had over 13 000 illegal immigrants from Afghanistan 28 According to a report by the Afghan embassy in Delhi refugees from Afghanistan estimated at around 30 000 families have over the past two and a half decades fled from their home towns due to large scale conflicts seeking safety in India s capital city Many outsiders call Delhi home but the Afghan people claim a special relationship with India and its capital due to the ancient and modern history between both nations There are nearly 11 000 Afghan refugees registered with the UNHCR in India mainly living in Delhi and bordering areas The refugees in Delhi face considerable hardships and difficulties 29 Bangladeshi immigrants Edit The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message An estimation made in the year 2000 placed the total number of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in India at 15 million with around 300 000 entering every year Some people say that for each illegal immigrant that is caught four illegally enter the country While many immigrants have settled in the border areas some have moved on even to faraway places such as Mumbai and Delhi 30 During the UPA government Sriprakash Jaiswal Union Minister of State for Home Affairs made a statement in Parliament on 14 July 2004 saying that 12 million illegal Bangladeshi infiltrators were living in India and West Bengal had the most with 5 7 million Bangladeshis This led to protests from state government of Assam ruled by Congress and consequent retraction of this statement saying that the numbers are unreliable More recently Kiren Rijiju Minister of State for Home Affairs in the NDA government has put the figure at around 20 million 31 Critics point out that the Bengali politicians particularly those from the ruling Trinamool Congress and the CPI M believe that a soft approach to the problem helps them to win Muslim votes 32 According to the 2001 census 3 084 826 people in India came from Bangladesh 5 No reliable numbers on illegal immigrants are currently available Extrapolating the census data for the state of Assam alone gives a figure of 2 million 33 34 Figures as high as 20 million are also reported in the government and media 35 36 Samir Guha Roy of the Indian Statistical Institute called these estimates motivated exaggerated After examining the population growth and demographic statistics Roy states that while a vast majority are illegal immigrants significant amounts of internal migration is sometimes falsely thought to be immigrants An analysis of the numbers by Roy revealed that on average around 91000 Bangladeshis illegally crossed over to India every year during the years 1981 1991 37 According to a former Indian Ex BSF Officer There are about 2 6 crore Bangladeshi migrants living in India illegally 38 39 40 41 The Bangladesh Liberation War and continued political and economic turmoil in Bangladesh in the following decades forced some Bangladeshis to seek refuge in India During the war at least 10 million Bangladeshis 80 of whom were Hindus have crossed into India illegally to seek refuge from widespread rape and genocide 42 Most of them migrated to the border states particularly West Bengal and Assam 34 Due to persecution illegal migrants have been defined in Assam Accord as those who infiltrated illegally after 24 December 1971 34 Burmese immigrants Edit There are an estimated 50 000 100 000 Burmese Chin illegal immigrants are stated to be residing in India mostly in the Indian state of Mizoram and a small number in Delhi 43 44 45 Pakistani immigrants Edit About 7 600 illegal immigrants from Pakistan resided in India in 2010 Many of the migrants are Hindus and Sikhs who have overstayed attempting to gain citizenship 28 Rohingyas Edit See also Mohammad Salimullah v Union of India In recent years Rohingya people have been increasingly seeking refuge in India facing longstanding state persecution in Myanmar 46 47 According to the Union Government there were 10565 Rohingya families in India as of 2015 Samaddar et al extrapolated to arrive at a figure of over a million immigrants 47 a b In August 2017 the Bharatiya Janata Party led Union Government asked state governments to initiate the process of deportation for all illegal immigrants including Rohingyas 48 The government did not buckle despite criticism 49 This was challenged before the Supreme Court of India by three Rohingya refugees wherein the Government of India submitted an affidavit claiming that there were over 40 000 illegal Rohingya immigrants mostly spread across Assam West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir and that they were a threat to the security of state 17 50 In March 2021 several media reports claimed that about 150 Rohingya refugees from Jammu were held in detention centers an interim application was filed seeking their release though the government denied any detainment 50 A bench of Sharad Bobde A S Bopanna and V Ramasubramanian passed an interim order in favor of the government government arguments about India being not bound to follow international conventions she has not explicitly ratified and Art 14 and Art 21 not conferring any immunity to non citizens from deportation as mandated by procedure were accepted 50 c 51 Concerns over Bangladeshi illegal immigrants EditHigher judiciary s concerns Edit In 2005 a Supreme Court bench ruled Illegal Migrants Determination by Tribunal Act IMDT as unconstitutional while 52 with reference to the Sinha Report 53 maintained that the impact of the aggression represented by large scale illegal migration from Bangladesh had made the life of the people of Assam and Tripura wholly insecure and the panic generated thereby had created fear psychosis in other north eastern States 52 In August 2008 the Delhi High Court dismissed a petition by a Bangladeshi national against her deportation The High Court ruled that the illegal Bangladeshi immigrants pose a danger to India s internal security 54 National security threats Edit See also National security risks Terrorism in India National Security Strategy India and Kha Maung Seik massacre of Hindus Apart from immigrants a large number of smugglers regularly cross the porous border along West Bengal into India 55 They mainly engage in smuggling goods and livestock from India into Bangladesh to avoid a high tariff imposed on some Indian goods by Bangladesh government 55 Bangladeshi women and girls are also trafficked to India 56 The Centre for Women and Children Studies estimated in 1998 that 27 000 Bangladeshis have been forced into prostitution in India 57 58 According to the CEDAW report 1 of all foreign prostitutes in India and 2 7 of prostitutes in Kolkata are from Bangladesh 59 Rohingya adds economic pressure on Indian populace due to their militant activities they pose a security threat especially in sensitive areas such as Jammu and West Bengal 16 17 Some Indian security establishments who stated that Some Rohingyas sympathizing with many militant group s ideologies may be active in Jammu Delhi Hyderabad and Mewat and can be a potential threat to internal security 17 State specific concerns Edit ABVP addressing about Bangladeshi illegal immigrants Assam Edit Further information Assam Movement and Assam Accord In Assam the Assam Movement against illegal immigrants started as early as 1979 and ended in 1985 led by the All Assam Students Union Over six years 855 later on 860 as submitted by AASU people sacrificed their lives in the hope of an Infiltration Free Assam 60 61 They demanded an end to the influx of immigrants and deportation of those who have already settled 34 It gradually took a violent turn and ethnic violence began between Assamese and Bengalis mostly Muslims It eventually led to the infamous Nellie massacre in 1983 due to a controversy over the 1983 election 62 In 1985 the Indian Government signed the Assam Accord with the leaders of the protest to stop the issue 34 63 As per the accord India began building a fence along the Assam Bangladesh border which is now almost complete 64 However Assam also has a large number of legal Indian Muslims It is difficult to distinguish between illegal Bangladeshis and local Bengali speakers 65 In some cases genuine Indian citizens have been discriminated against 34 Allegations exist that nationalist parties such as the Bharatiya Janata Party as well as the Indian National Congress have discriminated against Bengali speaking Muslims 66 On the other hand reports of Bangladeshis being able to secure Indian ration and voter identity cards have come out 67 68 After the 1991 census the changing demographic patterns in border districts became more visible 33 34 It created anxiety and tension in India throughout the nineties Both conservatives 69 as well as moderates 33 expressed concern on this issue The first BJP government came into power in 1998 and subsequently ordered the construction of the Indo Bangladesh barrier to stop migrants and illegal trade along the border It was planned to enhance the already existing barrier in Assam and to encircle West Bengal Tripura and Mizoram as well 70 71 72 Delhi Edit There is an organised influx of nearly 40 000 illegal Bangladeshi and Rohingya Muslim immigrants in Delhi who have been said to pose a national security risk and threaten the national integration A lawyer named Ashwini Upadhyay filed a Public Interest Litigation PIL in the Supreme Court of India SC to identify and deport these In a response to this PIL Delhi Police told the SC in July 2019 that nearly 500 illegal Bangladeshi immigrants had been deported in the preceding 28 months 73 Haryana Edit In September 2019 the Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar announced the implementation of NRC for Haryana by setting up a legal framework under the former judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court Justice HS Bhalla for updating NRC which will help in weeding out these illegal immigrants 11 Jammu and Kashmir Edit There are Rohingya illegal immigrants in Jammu which has created a dissatisfaction among the general public that Rohingya Muslim settlements in Jammu will change the demographics of the Hindu majority and may lead to violence in the future by giving reference to the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus by Kashmiri Muslims earlier The presence of Rohingya Muslims in Jammu is thus considered as a sensitive issue for Indian security 17 Kerala Edit Although Kerala is at a large distance from Bangladesh 2500 km Bangladeshi illegal migrants have been moving to Kerala owing to the high wages for unskilled and semi skilled labourers Following the Kerala Police unearthing the international footprint of this operation both the Intelligence Bureau and National Investigation Agency NIA have started probing Some illegal migrants are fully equipped with all valid Indian documents by the time they reach their destinations The Kerala police are reportedly finding it difficult to check the influx of these Bangladeshi migrants 74 Kerala State Intelligence officials said they found that a large section of Migrant labourers in Kerala claiming to be from West Bengal or even Assam were actually from Bangladesh 75 Anti national activities have been reported the latest in which in August 2016 a native of West Bengal was arrested for insulting the national flag and he was later found to be an illegal immigrant from Bangladesh There is said to be a major racket at the borders of West Bengal and Assam with Bangladesh which provides illegal migrants with identity cards 76 Mizoram Edit Bangladeshi Buddhist Chakma immigrants 77 from Bangladesh have settled in the southern part of Mizoram because they were displaced by the construction of the Kaptai Dam on the Karnaphuli River in 1962 the dam flooded 655 square kilometres and displaced over 100 000 people most of them were Chakma people 78 As there was no rehabilitation and compensation they fled from Bangladesh to India 78 The Chakma people also resisted inclusion into Bangladesh during the Bangladeshi Independence in 1971 through armed struggle led by Shanti Bahini because they were ethnically culturally and religiously distinct this violent confrontation between Shanti Bahini and Bangladeshi Army led to Chakma fleeing Bangladesh for India 79 Tripura Edit Tripura demographics have been altered due to the influx of illegal Bangladeshi refugees and immigrants alike The politics and socio economic conditions have been greatly affected by it The influx started from the 70s after the Liberation of Bangladesh 1971 The proportion of the local Tripuri population was reduced from 59 1 in 1951 to 31 1 in 2011 80 All major political parties in Tripura favour the replication of National Register of Citizens of India NRC in their state too although with some riders 81 Uttar Pradesh Edit In October 2019 UP s Director general of police who cited very important concerns for the state s internal security instructed all district police chiefs IG DIG range and ADG zone to commence a statewide campaign to start Identifying illegal Bangladeshi and foreigners UP DGP Headquarters has prepared for an NRC for UP requires identification of new settlements around the railway stations bus stands roadsides and slum clusters where Bangladeshi and other foreign nationals could be illegally residing They will be fingerprinted and their identity verification will be video recorded and suspicious people will be verified in a time bound manner Police will also track down government employees and touts who prepared fake documents for these illegal migrants 12 Illegal Bangladeshi and Rohingyas are found in several cities of Uttar Pradesh UP by changing their identity and name making it difficult to get an idea of their background A large number of illegal Bangladeshis resided under a fake identity in ashrams and rented houses in Mathura Vrindavan Govardhan and other places for several years without a passport or other valid documents They illegally crossed the border into India acquire the fake identity open bank accounts and used to send money from relatives back in their country In October 2019 cops held 150 illegal Bangladeshi intruders who admitted to having come from Bangladesh by the river All of them had acquired an Aadhar card bank passbook ration card and voter ID cards from India They pose significant security and terrorism law and order risk due to religious activities in the Mathura area They prefer Mathura as it is easier to hide among the transient pilgrims and also because Mathura is on the border of Delhi Haryana and Rajasthan where they can easily escape 82 West Bengal Edit The other Indian state affected by this problem West Bengal remained mostly calm during this period However Indian newspapers reported that the state government has reported that illegal Bangladeshi migrants have trickled into parts of rural Bengal including Nandigram 83 over the years and settled down as sharecroppers with the help of local Left leaders Though a majority of these immigrants became tillers they lacked documents to prove the ownership of land 83 The Government of Bangladesh has denied India s claims on illegal immigration 84 85 After the 2001 census the anxiety somewhat reduced when the growth rates were found to have returned to near normal levels particularly in West Bengal thus negating the fear that there was an unabated influx of migrants 86 87 although some concern remains The proportion of Muslims in West Bengal has grown from 19 85 in 1951 to 27 01 in 2011 That of course does not have any reflection on immigration it is generally attributed to a higher growth rate amongst the Muslims 88 However when one has a closer look at the CD Blocks along the India Bangladesh border questions come up The exceedingly high decadal population growth rate in certain CD Blocks such as in Basirhat subdivision in North 24 Parganas district and CD Blocks along with the riverine international border in Murshidabad district does raise concerns The decadal growth rate of the population for West Bengal in 2001 11 was 13 93 89 The decadal growth of population in Basirhat I CD Block in 2001 2011 was 16 16 90 The decadal growth of population in Basirhat I CD Block in 1991 2001 was 20 94 91 The decadal growth of population in Hasnabad CD Block in 2001 2011 was 14 50 90 The decadal growth of the population in Hasnabad CD Block in 1991 2001 was 17 47 92 The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring Satkhira District in Bangladesh was 6 50 for the decade 2001 2011 down from 16 75 in the decade 1991 2001 and 17 90 in the decade 1981 1991 93 The decadal growth rates for the decade 2001 2011 were still higher in the border areas of Murshidabad district In Raghunathganj II CD Block it was 37 82 the highest amongst all the CD Blocks in the Murshidabad district 34 09 in Samserganj CD Block 30 82 in Suti II CD Block 29 02 in Suti I CD Block 23 62 in Lalgola CD Block 22 24 In Bhagawangola II CD Block and 21 65 in Bhagawangola I CD Block 94 The decadal growth rate of population in Chapai Nawabganj District was 15 59 for the decade 2001 2011 down from 21 67 in the decade 1991 2001 95 The decadal growth rate of the population in the Rajshahi District was 13 48 for the decade 2001 2011 down from 21 19 in the decade 1991 2001 Both districts are across the Ganges in Bangladesh 96 In both the above cases the comparisons are between Bengali speaking Muslim majority areas and hence the argument of higher growth rate amongst Muslims does not hold good There are also other similar examples Notes Edit The precise breakup runs as follows Jammu and Kashmir 6684 Andhra Pradesh 1755 Delhi 760 Haryana 677 West Bengal 361 Rajasthan 162 Uttar Pradesh 111 Punjab 50 Maharashtra 12 and Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3 Samaddar assumes each family to have four five members and a substantial percentage to be unenumerated For detailed critiques see Bhatia Gautam 8 April 2021 Complicity in Genocide The Supreme Court s Interim Order in the Rohingya Deportation Case Indian Constitutional Law and Philosophy Parthasarathy Suhrith 28 March 2021 Article 21 in a Time of Genocide The Rohingya Case before the Supreme Court Indian Constitutional Law and Philosophy Pillai Priya 19 April 2021 International Law Omissions Rohingya Deportation Order of the Supreme Court of India Opinio Juris Singh Chander Uday 26 April 2021 Supreme Court must rethink its order on deportation of Rohingya refugees The Indian Express References Edit Citizenship Act 1955 indiacode nic in 2004 The Foreigners Amendment Act 2004 India Kanoon 2004 Foreigners Amendment Order 2015 Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Gazette of India 2019 a b Census of India 2001 Data Highlights Migration Tables Pg 19 PDF Retrieved 13 December 2019 WHAT IS NRC Business Standard India Retrieved 2 October 2019 Couple who set NRC ball rolling The Telegraph Archived from the original on 1 August 2018 Retrieved 20 August 2018 Seetharaman G 14 June 2015 National Register of Citizens in Assam Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one The Economic Times Assam Overhaul of National Register of Citizens sparks controversy 29 June 2015 Seetharaman G 14 June 2015 National Register of Citizens in Assam Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one The Economic Times The Economic Times Economictimes indiatimes com Retrieved 5 September 2015 a b Rohingyas Bangladeshi refugees likely target of Khattar govt s updated NRC Hindustan Times 16 September 2019 a b UP DGP Asks Top Cops to Start Identifying Illegal Bangladeshi and Foreigner Immigrants NewsClick 1 October 2019 a b c The Foreigners Act 1946 Indian Kanoon Foreigners Amendment Order 2015 PDF Retrieved 14 February 2020 In Strident Campaign Jammu Politicians Target Rohingya Muslim Refugees The Wire 7 February 2017 a b ROHINGYA DEPORTATION CASE DAY 3 ARGUMENTS Supreme Court Observer Archived from the original on 19 February 2018 Retrieved 19 February 2018 a b c d e Rohingya presence poses national security threat Centre to SC 18 September 2017 Retrieved 6 October 2017 a b Tibetan Refugees in India Get Passports Not Property The Quint 23 June 2017 Retrieved 4 March 2019 Sri Lankan refugees in dilemma over return Times of India The Times of India 10 March 2017 Retrieved 4 March 2019 fulltext impediment to expulsion Archived 28 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine kpthesaurus 350 Search results on Impediment to expulsion in the European Court of Human Rights archive Taylor Mark December 2007 The Drivers of Immigration in Contemporary Society Unequal Distribution of Resources and Opportunities Human Ecology 35 6 775 776 doi 10 1007 s10745 007 9111 z S2CID 153735765 Illegal Migrants Determination by Tribunal Act 1983 Indian Kanoon Venkatesan J 10 August 2012 Committed to deporting illegal migrants but only lawfully Centre The Hindu The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 PDF PRS India Retrieved 17 August 2019 The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016 PRS India Ministry of Home Affairs 19 July 2016 Retrieved 17 August 2019 What is the Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016 India Today Retrieved 26 January 2019 Purkayastha Debasree 26 May 2018 What is the Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016 The Hindu Retrieved 26 January 2019 a b More illegal immigrants from Afghanistan than Pakistan Hindustan Times 14 November 2011 Archived from the original on 3 January 2013 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Sarkar S 2020 Life of the Afghan Refugee Women in Delhi Region Highlighting Their Miserable Conditions and Possible Legal Assistance Das S K and Chowdhary N Ed Refugee Crises and Third World Economies Emerald Publishing Limited pp 149 157 Jamwal N S Border Management Dilemma of Guarding the India Bangladesh border PDF Strategic Analysis January March 2004 Retrieved 26 August 2017 Two crore illegal Bangladeshi living in India Govt Business Standard India Business Standard Press Trust of India 16 November 2016 Press Trust of India 16 November 2016 Retrieved 26 August 2017 Bangladesh infiltrators Bengal will be eaten up by the Frankenstein it created One India 27 March 2015 27 March 2015 Retrieved 26 August 2017 a b c 1 Population Explosion in West Bengal A Survey voi org Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 a b c d e f g Illegal Migration into Assam satp org 2 cr Bangladeshis in India Fernandes Tribune India 27 September 2003 Illegal Bangladeshi Immigration Archived from the original on 18 December 2010 Retrieved 13 December 2019 Hans Gunter Brauch John Grin Ursula Oswald 2009 Facing Global Environmental Change Environmental Human Energy Food Health and Water Security Concepts Springer pp 304 ISBN 978 3540684886 2 to 6 crore Bangladeshi migrants in India says former BSF chief 14 May 2014 2 to 6 crore Bangladeshi migrants in India 13 May 2014 Two to six crore Bangladeshi migrants living in India says ex army officer 2 to 6 crore Bangladeshi migrants in India 13 May 2014 India s Mexican Problem Illegal Immigration from Bangladesh Ibtimes 6 February 2012 India Close The gap for Burmese refugees PDF Archived from the original PDF on 8 January 2011 Retrieved 13 December 2019 Online Burma Library gt Main Library gt Refugees gt Burmese refugees in India burmalibrary org Survival Dignity and Democracy Burmese Refugees in India 1997 From the SAHRDC Resource Centre hrdc net Mohan Geeta India Bangladesh discuss Rohingya crisis indiatoday Retrieved 6 October 2017 a b Chaudhury Sabyasachi Basu Ray Samaddar Ranabir eds 2018 The Rohingya in South Asia People Without a State Delhi Routledge Miglani Krishna N Das Sanjeev 14 August 2017 India says to deport all Rohingya regardless of U N registration Reuters Retrieved 27 June 2021 Hindu The 5 September 2017 India firm on deporting Rohingya The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 27 June 2021 a b c Rohingya Deportation Mohammad Salimullah v Union of India Supreme Court Observer Retrieved 27 June 2021 Siddiqui Zeba 8 April 2021 India s top court paves way for Rohingya deportations to Myanmar Reuters Retrieved 27 June 2021 a b IMDT Act is the biggest barrier to deportation says Supreme Court The Hindu IMDT act arouses aggression SC Times of India Illegal Bangladeshi immigrants threat to India court IBNLive a b World bank report PDF Retrieved 13 December 2019 The World Factbook cia gov 16 November 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nationals and how the migrants add to the problem 3 August 2016 Won t hesitate to leave BJP forum deccanherald 25 January 2019 Retrieved 26 January 2019 a b Advertising How Chakmas and Hajongs settled in North East why Arunachal worries about citizenship Indianexpress 20 September 2017 Retrieved 27 January 2019 50 years on Chakma refugees from Bangladesh scroll Retrieved 27 January 2019 National Register of Citizens Assam has its own context misrepresenting it won t help The Economic Times 5 September 2019 Retrieved 16 November 2019 National Register of Citizens Parties in Tripura favour NRC in the state some with riders The Economic Times 20 July 2019 Retrieved 16 November 2019 150 illegal migrants held by Mathura cops DNA India 7 October 2019 a b Left Front puts Nandigram land acquisition on hold The Financial Express 18 March 2007 The Tribune Chandigarh India Editorial tribuneindia com The Bengal Borderland Beyond State and Nation in South Asia By Willem van Schendel Published 2005 Anthem Press Differing population growth figure in West Bengal The Times of India 28 May 2001 India News Latest Sports Bollywood World Business amp Politics News The Times of India Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 B P Syam Roy 28 September 2015 Bengal s topsy turvy population growth The Statesman Archived from the original on 10 September 2016 Census of India 2011 Provisional Totals for West Bengal Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India Retrieved 20 December 2018 a b District Census Handbook North 24 Parganas Series 20 Part XII A PDF Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 Inset Tables 1 35 Table I Decadal change in population of Tahsils Sub district by Residence 2001 2011 Page 52 Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal 2011 Retrieved 20 December 2018 District Statistical Handbook North 24 Parganas 2010 2011 Table 2 4A Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas 1991 Table 2 4B Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas 2001 Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal 2011 Retrieved 20 April 2018 District Statistical Handbook North 24 Parganas 2010 2011 Table 2 4A Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas 1991 Table 2 4B Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas 2001 Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal 2011 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report Satkhira PDF Page 17 Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate 1974 2011 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BBS Ministry of Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Retrieved 20 December 2018 District Census Handbook Murshidabad Series 20 Part XII A PDF Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 Inset Tables 1 35 Table I Decadal change in population of Tahsils Sub district by Residence 2001 2011 Page Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal 2011 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report Chapai Nawabganj PDF Page 17 Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate 1974 2011 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BBS Ministry of Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Retrieved 20 December 2018 Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report Rajshahi PDF Page 17 Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate 1974 2011 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BBS Ministry of Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Retrieved 20 December 2018 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Illegal immigration to India Bangladeshis in Assam flee anti migrant drive International Herald Tribune 20 May 2005 Bangladesh Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Immigration Services Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Illegal immigration to India amp oldid 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