As of 2011 Indian Census, Vrindavan had a total population of 63,005, of which 34,769 were males and 28,236 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 7,818. The total number of literates in Vrindavan was 42,917, which constituted 68.11% of the population with male literacy of 73.7% and female literacy of 61.2%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Vrindavan was 77.8%, of which male literacy rate was 83.7% and female literacy rate was 70.3%. The sex ratio is 812 females per 1000 males. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 6,294 and 18, respectively. Vrindavan had 11,637 households in 2011.[1][13]
Vrindavan lies in the cultural region of Braj.[14]
Vrindavan is considered to be a sacred place for Vaisnavism tradition of Hinduism. The other prominent areas surrounding Vrindavan are Govardhana, Gokul, Nandgaon, Barsana, Mathura and Bhandirvan. Along with Vrindavan, all these places are considered to be the center of Radha and Krishna worship. Millions of devotees of Radha Krishna visit Vrindavan and its nearby areas every year to participate in number of festivals.[15] The common salutation or greetings used in Braj region by its residents is Radhe Radhe which is associated with the Goddess Radha[16] or Hare Krishna which is associated with Krishna.
Vrindavan has an ancient past, associated with Hindu culture and history, and was established in the 16th and 17th centuries as a result of an explicit treaty between Muslims and Hindu Emperors,[17] and is an important Hindu pilgrimage site since long.
Of the contemporary times, Vallabhacharya, aged eleven visited Vrindavan. Later on, he performed three pilgrimages of India, barefoot giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita at 84 places. These 84 places are known as Pushtimarg Baithak and since then are the places of pilgrimage. Yet, he stayed in Vrindavan for four months each year. Vrindavan thus heavily influenced his formation of Pushtimarg.
Banke Bihari Temple, Vrindavan
The essence of Vrindavan was lost over time until the 16th century, when it was rediscovered by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. In the year 1515, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited Vrindavan, with the purpose of locating the lost holy places associated with Krishna's life.[18]
In the last 250 years, the extensive forests of Vrindavan have been subjected to urbanization, first by local Rajas and in recent decades by apartment developers. The forest cover has been whittled away to only a few remaining spots, and the local wildlife, including peacocks, cows, monkeys and a variety of bird species has been virtually eliminated.
Temples
Rangnathji Temple, Vrindavan
Vrindavan, the land of Radha Krishna has about 5500 temples dedicated to them to showcase their divine pastimes.[19][20] Some of the important pilgrimage sites are[21] -
Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple, located near the Kalidah Ghat was built by Kapur Ram Das of Multan. One of the oldest temples in Vrindavan, it is closely associated with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The original deity of Madan Gopal was shifted from the shrine to Karauli in Rajasthan for safekeeping during Aurangzeb's rule. Today, a replica of the original (deity) is worshipped at the temple
Prem Mandir is a spiritual complex situated on a 54-acre site on the outskirts of Vrindavan dedicated to divine love. The temple structure was established by spiritual guru Kripalu Maharaj.[27] The main structure built in marble and figures of Krishna cover the main temple.[28]
Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir is housed in a modern geodesic structure with a traditional gopuram based on Khajuraho style of architecture. It is being built by one of the ISKCON factions based in Bangalore.[29] At cost of ₹300 crore (US$38 million) it will be the tallest temple in world on completion.
Vrindavan is also known as the "city of widows"[30][31][32] due to the large number of widows who move into the town and surrounding area after losing their husbands. There are an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 widows. The widows come from states of West Bengal, Assam and Odisha.[33][34] Many spend time singing bhajan hymns at bhajanashrams. An organization called Guild of Service was formed to assist these deprived women and children.[30][34] According to a survey report prepared by the government, several homes run by the government and different NGOs for widows.[35]
^ abHawley, John Stratton (2020). Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0190123987.
^"UP gets first officially designated 'teerth sthals' in Vrindavan and Barsana". Times of India. 27 October 2017.
^ ab. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^Keene, Henry George (1899). "Bindrabun". A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood. Thacker, Spink & Co. pp. 98–106.
^ abGopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 176.
^"Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
^Bhattacharya, G. (2003). Vrindavan. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249.
^"Maps, Weather, and Airports for Vrindavan, India". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
^(PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 481–482. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
^(PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M220. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
^Jayant Pandurang Nayaka, Syed Nurullah (1974). A students' history of education in India (1800–1973) (6 ed.). Macmillan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^Lucia Michelutti (2002). "Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town" (PDF). PhD Thesis Social Anthropology. London School of Economics and Political Science University of London. p. 49. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
^Klaus Klostermaier (2007). A Survey of Hinduism. State University of New York Press; 3 edition. p. 204. ISBN978-0-7914-7081-7. The center of Krishna-worship has been for a long time Brajbhumi, the district of Mathura that embraces also Vrindavana, Govardhana, and Gokula, associated with Krishna from the time immemorial. Many millions of Krishna bhaktas visit these places every year and participate in the numerous festivals that re-enact divine scenes from Krishna's life on Earth, of which were spent in those very places Vrinda means Tulsi (A sacred species of flora) and van as forest, therefore Vrindavan is a holy forest of Tulsi. Vijaypal Baghel, known as GreenMan is promoting, planting and farming Tulsi in mass around the Vrindavan.
^Lynch, Owen M. (31 December 1990). "ONE. The Social Construction of Emotion in India". Divine Passions. University of California Press. pp. 3–34. doi:10.1525/9780520309753-002. ISBN978-0-520-30975-3.
^"Watch | John Stratton Hawley on His Latest Book on 'Krishna's Playground'". The Wire. 25 January 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
^. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
^Rājaśekhara Dāsa (2000). The Color Guide to Vṛndāvana: India's Most Holy City of Over 5,000 Temples. Vedanta Vision Publication.
^Seven main temples of Vrindavan, Vrindavantoday.org
^Anand, D. (1992). "Temples and Places". Krishna: The Living God of Braj. Abhinav Publications. pp. 42–86. ISBN978-81-7017-280-2.
^"Sri Radha Raman in Vrindavan". www.salagram.net. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
^. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
^"Chapter 7. Cross-Cultural Dynamics of Mystical Emotions in Vrindaban". The Hare Krishnas in India. Princeton University Press. 14 July 2014. pp. 176–198. doi:10.1515/9781400859894.176. ISBN978-1-4008-5989-4.
vrindavan, this, article, about, city, uttar, pradesh, india, spiritual, goloka, brindavanam, redirects, here, 2010, film, brindavanam, 2010, film, 2017, film, brindavanam, 2017, film, pronunciation, help, info, iast, vṛndāvana, also, spelt, vrindaban, brindab. This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh India For the spiritual Vrindavan see Goloka Brindavanam redirects here For the 2010 film see Brindavanam 2010 film For the 2017 film see Brindavanam 2017 film Vrindavan pronunciation help info IAST Vṛndavana also spelt Vrindaban and Brindaban 2 is a historical city in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh India It is located in the Braj Bhoomi region and holds religious importance in Hinduism as Krishna spent most of his childhood days in this city 3 4 5 6 Vrindavan has about 5 500 temples dedicated to the worship of Krishna and his divine consort Radha 7 Vrindavan Vrindaban BrindabanCityClockwise from top Krishna Balaram Mandir Radha Madanmohan Temple Radha Damodar Temple Radha Vallabh Temple Prem Mandir Love temple Nicknames City of WidowsVrindavanLocation in Uttar Pradesh IndiaShow map of Uttar PradeshVrindavanVrindavan India Show map of IndiaCoordinates 27 35 N 77 42 E 27 58 N 77 7 E 27 58 77 7 Coordinates 27 35 N 77 42 E 27 58 N 77 7 E 27 58 77 7Country IndiaStateUttar PradeshDistrictMathuraGovernment TypeMunicipal Corporation BodyMathura Vrindavan Municipal CorporationElevation170 m 560 ft Population 2011 1 Total63 005DemonymVrindavan wasiLanguages OfficialHindi NativeBraj Bhasha dialectTime zoneUTC 05 30 IST PIN281121Telephone code0565Vehicle registrationUP 85It is one of the most sacred places for Vaishnavism tradition 3 7 Vrindavan is a significant part of the Krishna pilgrimage circuit which also includes Mathura Barsana Gokul Govardhan Kurukshetra Dwarka and Puri 8 9 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 3 Demographics 4 Religious heritage 5 History 6 Temples 7 Transportation 7 1 Road 7 2 Rail 7 3 Flight 8 City of Widows 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksEtymology EditThe ancient Sanskrit name of the city व न द वन Vṛndavana comes from its groves of vṛnda Holy basil and vana a grove or forest 2 Geography EditVrindavan is located at 27 35 N 77 42 E 27 58 N 77 7 E 27 58 77 7 10 It has an average elevation of 170 metres 557 feet citation needed Yamuna river flows through the city It is located 125 km away from Delhi and 15 km away from Mathura City Climate Edit Climate data for Mathura 1981 2010 extremes 1974 1995 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 29 6 85 3 34 1 93 4 40 1 104 2 45 1 113 2 47 1 116 8 47 6 117 7 44 6 112 3 42 7 108 9 40 6 105 1 42 1 107 8 35 1 95 2 30 1 86 2 47 6 117 7 Average high C F 21 3 70 3 24 4 75 9 30 4 86 7 36 6 97 9 41 2 106 2 41 2 106 2 36 1 97 0 34 6 94 3 34 2 93 6 33 3 91 9 29 1 84 4 23 3 73 9 32 1 89 8 Average low C F 6 4 43 5 8 3 46 9 13 2 55 8 17 9 64 2 23 9 75 0 25 9 78 6 25 5 77 9 25 0 77 0 23 5 74 3 18 3 64 9 11 6 52 9 7 7 45 9 17 3 63 1 Record low C F 1 0 33 8 0 5 32 9 5 0 41 0 7 0 44 6 8 5 47 3 17 0 62 6 11 5 52 7 17 5 63 5 17 6 63 7 11 5 52 7 4 0 39 2 2 0 35 6 0 5 32 9 Average rainfall mm inches 10 4 0 41 13 6 0 54 6 8 0 27 10 1 0 40 17 8 0 70 35 5 1 40 164 7 6 48 205 2 8 08 105 0 4 13 18 0 0 71 3 9 0 15 9 0 0 35 600 1 23 63 Average rainy days 0 9 1 3 1 0 0 9 1 5 3 0 9 0 9 1 4 9 0 9 0 3 1 1 33 9Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 65 59 53 48 39 43 67 72 71 63 56 60 58Source India Meteorological Department 11 12 Demographics EditAs of 2011 Indian Census Vrindavan had a total population of 63 005 of which 34 769 were males and 28 236 were females Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 7 818 The total number of literates in Vrindavan was 42 917 which constituted 68 11 of the population with male literacy of 73 7 and female literacy of 61 2 The effective literacy rate of 7 population of Vrindavan was 77 8 of which male literacy rate was 83 7 and female literacy rate was 70 3 The sex ratio is 812 females per 1000 males The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 6 294 and 18 respectively Vrindavan had 11 637 households in 2011 1 13 Vrindavan lies in the cultural region of Braj 14 Religious heritage EditMain articles Radha Krishna and Radha Krishna ISKCON devotee singing bhajan in Vrindavan Vrindavan is considered to be a sacred place for Vaisnavism tradition of Hinduism The other prominent areas surrounding Vrindavan are Govardhana Gokul Nandgaon Barsana Mathura and Bhandirvan Along with Vrindavan all these places are considered to be the center of Radha and Krishna worship Millions of devotees of Radha Krishna visit Vrindavan and its nearby areas every year to participate in number of festivals 15 The common salutation or greetings used in Braj region by its residents is Radhe Radhe which is associated with the Goddess Radha 16 or Hare Krishna which is associated with Krishna History EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Vrindavan news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The 17th century Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple was built by Raja Gopal Singhji of Karauli dynasty Vrindavan has an ancient past associated with Hindu culture and history and was established in the 16th and 17th centuries as a result of an explicit treaty between Muslims and Hindu Emperors 17 and is an important Hindu pilgrimage site since long Of the contemporary times Vallabhacharya aged eleven visited Vrindavan Later on he performed three pilgrimages of India barefoot giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita at 84 places These 84 places are known as Pushtimarg Baithak and since then are the places of pilgrimage Yet he stayed in Vrindavan for four months each year Vrindavan thus heavily influenced his formation of Pushtimarg Banke Bihari Temple Vrindavan The essence of Vrindavan was lost over time until the 16th century when it was rediscovered by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu In the year 1515 Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited Vrindavan with the purpose of locating the lost holy places associated with Krishna s life 18 In the last 250 years the extensive forests of Vrindavan have been subjected to urbanization first by local Rajas and in recent decades by apartment developers The forest cover has been whittled away to only a few remaining spots and the local wildlife including peacocks cows monkeys and a variety of bird species has been virtually eliminated Temples Edit Rangnathji Temple Vrindavan Vrindavan the land of Radha Krishna has about 5500 temples dedicated to them to showcase their divine pastimes 19 20 Some of the important pilgrimage sites are 21 Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple located near the Kalidah Ghat was built by Kapur Ram Das of Multan One of the oldest temples in Vrindavan it is closely associated with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu The original deity of Madan Gopal was shifted from the shrine to Karauli in Rajasthan for safekeeping during Aurangzeb s rule Today a replica of the original deity is worshipped at the temple Sri Radha Raman Mandir constructed at the request of Gopala Bhatta Goswami and houses a saligram deity of Krishna as Radha Ramana alongside Radha 22 Banke Bihari Temple built in 1862 23 after the image of Banke Bihari was discovered in Nidhivan by Swami Haridas Radha Vallabh Temple is one of the ancient temple of Vrindavan It was constructed in 1585 AD and was the first temple made up of red sandstones 24 Radha Damodar Temple is a Gaudiya Vaishnavism temple which is dedicated to Radha Krishna and was constructed in 1542 CE 25 Sri Krishna Balarama Temple was built by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ISKCON in Raman Reti 26 The principal deities of this temple are Krishna and Balaram with Radha Shyamasundar and Gaura Nitai alongside Adjoining the temple is the samadhi of A C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada the founder of ISKCON built in pure white marble Prem Mandir is a spiritual complex situated on a 54 acre site on the outskirts of Vrindavan dedicated to divine love The temple structure was established by spiritual guru Kripalu Maharaj 27 The main structure built in marble and figures of Krishna cover the main temple 28 Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir is housed in a modern geodesic structure with a traditional gopuram based on Khajuraho style of architecture It is being built by one of the ISKCON factions based in Bangalore 29 At cost of 300 crore US 38 million it will be the tallest temple in world on completion Transportation EditRoad Edit Vrindavan is well connected by roads and is connected to Delhi by National Highway NH 44 of the Golden Quadrilateral network Earlier it was NH 2 5 129 km from New Delhi117 km from Gurgaon54 km from Agra9 km from MathuraWhile in Vrindavan battery powered e rickshaw are available for commuting within city limits Rail Edit BDB Vrindavan is on the Mathura Vrindavan MG link VRBD Vrindavan Road is on the Agra Delhi chord Flight Edit Nearest Airports are Agra Airport and New Delhi International Airport City of Widows EditVrindavan is also known as the city of widows 30 31 32 due to the large number of widows who move into the town and surrounding area after losing their husbands There are an estimated 15 000 to 20 000 widows The widows come from states of West Bengal Assam and Odisha 33 34 Many spend time singing bhajan hymns at bhajanashrams An organization called Guild of Service was formed to assist these deprived women and children 30 34 According to a survey report prepared by the government several homes run by the government and different NGOs for widows 35 Gallery Edit Keshi Ghat on banks of the Yamuna river Rangaji Temple of Vrindavan Prem Mandir Vrindavan Krishna Balaram Mandir Radha Madan Mohan Temple Vrindavan Wall art of the name Radha Pagal Baba TempleSee also Edit India portal Hinduism portalGokul Mathura Barsana Nandgaon Radha Kund Kusum Sarovar Radha Rani Temple Banke Bihari Temple Radha Raman Temple Radha Madan Mohan Temple Vrindavan Nidhivan Radha KrishnaReferences Edit a b Census of India Vrindavan www censusindia gov in Retrieved 9 October 2019 a b Brindaban The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909 a b Hawley John Stratton 2020 Krishna s Playground Vrindavan in the 21st Century Oxford New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0190123987 UP gets first officially designated teerth sthals in Vrindavan and Barsana Times of India 27 October 2017 a b NHAI Archived from the original on 4 December 2016 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Keene Henry George 1899 Bindrabun A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood Thacker Spink amp Co pp 98 106 a b Gopal Madan 1990 K S Gautam ed India through the ages Publication Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Government of India p 176 Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits pib gov in Retrieved 15 August 2022 Bhattacharya G 2003 Vrindavan Oxford Art Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gao 9781884446054 article t090249 Maps Weather and Airports for Vrindavan India www fallingrain com Retrieved 6 December 2019 Station Mathura Climatological Table 1981 2010 PDF Climatological Normals 1981 2010 India Meteorological Department January 2015 pp 481 482 Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 22 September 2020 Extremes of Temperature amp Rainfall for Indian Stations Up to 2012 PDF India Meteorological Department December 2016 p M220 Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 22 September 2020 Jayant Pandurang Nayaka Syed Nurullah 1974 A students history of education in India 1800 1973 6 ed Macmillan a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Lucia Michelutti 2002 Sons of Krishna the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town PDF PhD Thesis Social Anthropology London School of Economics and Political Science University of London p 49 Retrieved 20 May 2015 Klaus Klostermaier 2007 A Survey of Hinduism State University of New York Press 3 edition p 204 ISBN 978 0 7914 7081 7 The center of Krishna worship has been for a long time Brajbhumi the district of Mathura that embraces also Vrindavana Govardhana and Gokula associated with Krishna from the time immemorial Many millions of Krishna bhaktas visit these places every year and participate in the numerous festivals that re enact divine scenes from Krishna s life on Earth of which were spent in those very places Vrinda means Tulsi A sacred species of flora and van as forest therefore Vrindavan is a holy forest of Tulsi Vijaypal Baghel known as GreenMan is promoting planting and farming Tulsi in mass around the Vrindavan Lynch Owen M 31 December 1990 ONE The Social Construction of Emotion in India Divine Passions University of California Press pp 3 34 doi 10 1525 9780520309753 002 ISBN 978 0 520 30975 3 Watch John Stratton Hawley on His Latest Book on Krishna s Playground The Wire 25 January 2020 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Discovery of Vrindavan by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Archived from the original on 23 January 2011 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Rajasekhara Dasa 2000 The Color Guide to Vṛndavana India s Most Holy City of Over 5 000 Temples Vedanta Vision Publication Seven main temples of Vrindavan Vrindavantoday org Anand D 1992 Temples and Places Krishna The Living God of Braj Abhinav Publications pp 42 86 ISBN 978 81 7017 280 2 Sri Radha Raman in Vrindavan www salagram net Retrieved 6 December 2019 Banke Bihari Temple website Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Chapter 7 Cross Cultural Dynamics of Mystical Emotions in Vrindaban The Hare Krishnas in India Princeton University Press 14 July 2014 pp 176 198 doi 10 1515 9781400859894 176 ISBN 978 1 4008 5989 4 Radha Damodar Mandir Vrindavan Info Timings Photos History TemplePurohit Your Spiritual Destination Bhakti Shraddha Aur Ashirwad Retrieved 2 September 2021 ISKCON Vrindavan Home Famous Krishna Temples in India Zee News 20 August 2013 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Kumar Mayank 13 February 2012 Kripaluji Maharaj s Prem Mandir will be inaugurated on 17 February Aaj Ki Khabar Archived from the original on 30 March 2014 Retrieved 29 March 2014 News18 com CNN News18 Breaking News India Latest News Headlines Live News Updates News18 Archived from the original on 16 March 2014 Retrieved 6 December 2019 a b India s widows live out sentence of shame poverty Archived from the original on 29 November 2006 Retrieved 25 March 2007 The Indian town with 6 000 widows BBC News 2 May 2013 Retrieved 12 January 2021 The widows of Vrindavan cnbctv18 com 8 March 2019 Retrieved 12 January 2021 Catalyst Magazine Moksha the widows of Vrindavan Archived from the original on 3 April 2007 Retrieved 25 March 2007 a b Shunned from society widows flock to city to die CNN 5 July 2007 Retrieved 5 July 2007 Sulabh dons mantle Retrieved 6 December 2019 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Vrindavan Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vrindavan Vrindavan travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vrindavan amp oldid 1132410347, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
