Karnaphuli (Bengali: কর্ণফুলিKôrnophuli; also spelt Karnafuli[1]), or Khawthlangtuipui[2] (in Mizo, meaning "western river"), is the largest and most important river in Chattogram and the Chattogram Hill Tracts. It is a 667-metre (2,188 ft) wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Saithah village of Mamit district in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 kilometres (170 mi) southwest through Chattogram Hill Tracts and Chattogram into the Bay of Bengal. Before the Padma, it was the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh. It is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram."[3] Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River, Tuichawng River and Phairuang River. A large hydroelectric power plant using Karnaphuli river was built in the Kaptai region during the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts the Port of Chattogram, the largest and busiest seaport of Bangladesh.
The presence of Arab traders and merchants in the history of Chittagong led to many areas in Chittagong to have names of Arabic origin. The name of this river is thought to have come from qarnaful, the Arabic word for clove, and refers to an incident in which an Arab ship full of cloves sank in this river.[4]
Chittagong City
Chittagong is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. The city is a noteworthy seaside seaport city and monetary focus in southeastern Bangladesh. The Chittagong Metropolitan Area has a populace of more than 8.9 million,[5] making it the second biggest city in Bangladesh. It is the capital of an eponymous locale and division. A water treatment plant has been set up by Chittagong Port Authority to source water from the Karnaphuli river for its uses. The plant will make the port self-reliant in its water needs.[6]
Tlabung
Tlabung is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River in Lunglei district, Mizoram. Karnaphuli River links Mizoram with the port cit of Chittagong on the shores of Bay of Bengal. British Troops and missionaries used this route to reach Mizoram during the Colonial days. It used to take 5 days to reach from Chittagong to Tlabung on a motorboat, a distance of about 90 kilometers after which they would travel another 35 kilometers to reach Lunglei.[7]
The Government has awarded a contract to build a two lane Karnaphuli tunnel underneath the Karnaphuli river to China Communication Construction Company (CCCC). This will be the first underwater tunnel in Bangladesh. CCCC will receive $706 million for its services with total costs expected to be over $1 billion.[8]
Aquatic life
The river is home to Ganges river dolphin, which is an endangered species.[9]Hilsa used to be common in the river, but have nearly disappeared from the river due to pollution.[10]
Kaptai dam
Kaptai Lake on Karnaphuli River
The Kaptai Dam is the location of the Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station, constructed in Kaptai in 1962 and the only hydro-electric power plant in the country. An earth-filled dam on the Karnaphuli River, the Kaptai Dam created the Kaptai Lake, which acts as the water reservoir for the hydropower station. The power plant produces a total of 230 megawatts of electricity. When then east Pakistan built the dam, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru didn't object even though it resulted in part of Indian side getting submerged and inflow of more than 40000 refugees.[11]
Pollution
Like many rivers in Bangladesh, Karnaphuli is heavily polluted by agricultural runoff. Reducing the amount of oxygen available and harming aquatic life in the river.[12] In 2015, a train carrying oil crashed over a tributary of the river. The spill caused environmental degradation.[13]
^Mesbah-us-Saleheen and Sifatul Quader Chowdhury (2012), "Karnafuli River", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
^Tan, Khee Giap; Low, Linda; Tan, Kong Yam; Rao, Vittal Kartik (31 December 2013). Annual Analysis Of Competitiveness, Simulation Studies And Development Perspective For 35 States And Federal Territories Of India: 2000-2010. World Scientific. p. 676. ISBN978-981-4579-49-0.
^Pachuau, Rintluanga (1 January 2009). Mizoram: A Study in Comprehensive Geography. Northern Book Centre. p. 40. ISBN978-81-7211-264-6. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^Chowdhury, Abdul Hoque (1980). চট্টগ্রামের সমাজ ও সংস্কৃতি [Society and culture of Chittagong]. J.B. Chowdhury. p. 24.
^E-Vision Software Limited. "Economics Landscape of Chittagong". chittagongchamber.com.
^Chowdhury, Sarwar A. "Chittagong port sets up water treatment plant". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
^Pachuau, Joy (13 April 2015). The Camera as a Witness. Cambridge University. p. 150. ISBN9781107073395.
^"Cabinet okays Karnaphuli river tunnel project". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
^"Ganges River dolphin OVERVIEW". worldwildlife.org. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
^Roy, Pinaki. "Hilsa spawning less and less". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
karnaphuli, bengali, কর, ণফ, kôrnophuli, also, spelt, karnafuli, khawthlangtuipui, mizo, meaning, western, river, largest, most, important, river, chattogram, chattogram, hill, tracts, metre, wide, river, south, eastern, part, bangladesh, originating, from, sa. Karnaphuli Bengali কর ণফ ল Kornophuli also spelt Karnafuli 1 or Khawthlangtuipui 2 in Mizo meaning western river is the largest and most important river in Chattogram and the Chattogram Hill Tracts It is a 667 metre 2 188 ft wide river in the south eastern part of Bangladesh Originating from the Saithah village of Mamit district in Mizoram India it flows 270 kilometres 170 mi southwest through Chattogram Hill Tracts and Chattogram into the Bay of Bengal Before the Padma it was the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh It is said to represent the drainage system of the whole south western part of Mizoram 3 Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River Tuichawng River and Phairuang River A large hydroelectric power plant using Karnaphuli river was built in the Kaptai region during the 1960s The mouth of the river hosts the Port of Chattogram the largest and busiest seaport of Bangladesh Karnaphuli RiverAerial view of the Karnaphuli River estuaryLocationCountriesIndia and BangladeshCitiesChittagongPhysical characteristicsSource locationSaithah Mizoram IndiaMouth locationBay of BengalLength270 kilometres 170 mi Karnaphuli river from BNA road Karnaphuli River From Shah Amanat Bridge Contents 1 Etymology 2 Chittagong City 3 Tlabung 4 Transportation 5 Aquatic life 6 Kaptai dam 7 Pollution 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 ReferencesEtymology EditThe presence of Arab traders and merchants in the history of Chittagong led to many areas in Chittagong to have names of Arabic origin The name of this river is thought to have come from qarnaful the Arabic word for clove and refers to an incident in which an Arab ship full of cloves sank in this river 4 Chittagong City EditChittagong is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal The city is a noteworthy seaside seaport city and monetary focus in southeastern Bangladesh The Chittagong Metropolitan Area has a populace of more than 8 9 million 5 making it the second biggest city in Bangladesh It is the capital of an eponymous locale and division A water treatment plant has been set up by Chittagong Port Authority to source water from the Karnaphuli river for its uses The plant will make the port self reliant in its water needs 6 Tlabung EditTlabung is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River in Lunglei district Mizoram Karnaphuli River links Mizoram with the port cit of Chittagong on the shores of Bay of Bengal British Troops and missionaries used this route to reach Mizoram during the Colonial days It used to take 5 days to reach from Chittagong to Tlabung on a motorboat a distance of about 90 kilometers after which they would travel another 35 kilometers to reach Lunglei 7 Transportation Edit Shah Amanat Bridge The Government has awarded a contract to build a two lane Karnaphuli tunnel underneath the Karnaphuli river to China Communication Construction Company CCCC This will be the first underwater tunnel in Bangladesh CCCC will receive 706 million for its services with total costs expected to be over 1 billion 8 Aquatic life EditThe river is home to Ganges river dolphin which is an endangered species 9 Hilsa used to be common in the river but have nearly disappeared from the river due to pollution 10 Kaptai dam Edit Kaptai Lake on Karnaphuli River The Kaptai Dam is the location of the Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station constructed in Kaptai in 1962 and the only hydro electric power plant in the country An earth filled dam on the Karnaphuli River the Kaptai Dam created the Kaptai Lake which acts as the water reservoir for the hydropower station The power plant produces a total of 230 megawatts of electricity When then east Pakistan built the dam Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru didn t object even though it resulted in part of Indian side getting submerged and inflow of more than 40000 refugees 11 Pollution EditLike many rivers in Bangladesh Karnaphuli is heavily polluted by agricultural runoff Reducing the amount of oxygen available and harming aquatic life in the river 12 In 2015 a train carrying oil crashed over a tributary of the river The spill caused environmental degradation 13 Gallery Edit Boat on Karnaphuli River View of the river Ships at Karnaphuli River Port of Chittagong and Karnaphuli River at nightSee also EditList of rivers in BangladeshReferences Edit Mesbah us Saleheen and Sifatul Quader Chowdhury 2012 Karnafuli River in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A Jamal ed Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Tan Khee Giap Low Linda Tan Kong Yam Rao Vittal Kartik 31 December 2013 Annual Analysis Of Competitiveness Simulation Studies And Development Perspective For 35 States And Federal Territories Of India 2000 2010 World Scientific p 676 ISBN 978 981 4579 49 0 Pachuau Rintluanga 1 January 2009 Mizoram A Study in Comprehensive Geography Northern Book Centre p 40 ISBN 978 81 7211 264 6 Retrieved 8 August 2012 Chowdhury Abdul Hoque 1980 চট টগ র ম র সম জ ও স স ক ত Society and culture of Chittagong J B Chowdhury p 24 E Vision Software Limited Economics Landscape of Chittagong chittagongchamber com Chowdhury Sarwar A Chittagong port sets up water treatment plant The Daily Star Retrieved 16 July 2015 Pachuau Joy 13 April 2015 The Camera as a Witness Cambridge University p 150 ISBN 9781107073395 Cabinet okays Karnaphuli river tunnel project The Daily Star Retrieved 16 July 2015 Ganges River dolphin OVERVIEW worldwildlife org World Wildlife Fund Retrieved 17 December 2015 Roy Pinaki Hilsa spawning less and less The Daily Star Retrieved 16 July 2015 Bari M Fazlul 2012 Dam In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Roy Pinaki 2 May 2015 Hilsa spawning less and less The Daily Star Retrieved 16 July 2015 Spilled oil flows towards Karnaphuli The Daily Star 20 June 2015 Retrieved 16 July 2015 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karnaphuli River Coordinates 22 13 N 91 48 E 22 217 N 91 800 E 22 217 91 800 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karnaphuli amp oldid 1145662524, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
