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Ifugao language

Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys of Ifugao, Philippines. It is a member of the Northern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to the Bontoc and Kankanaey languages.[2] It is a dialect continuum, and its four main varieties—such as Tuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.[3]

Ifugao
Native toPhilippines
RegionIfugao, Luzon
Native speakers
(130,000 cited 1987–2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
ifb – Batad Ifugao
ifa – Amganad Ifugao
ifu – Mayoyao Ifugao
ifk – Tuwali language
Glottologifug1247
Area where the Ifugao dialect continuum is spoken according to Ethnologue

Loanwords from other languages, such as Ilokano, are replacing some older terminology.[4]

Dialects edit

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the four Ifugao languages.

  • Amganad Ifugao: spoken in Hungduan and Banaue municipalities of Ifugao Province, and into southwestern Mountain Province. 27,100 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao.
  • Batad Ifugao (Ayangan Ifugao): spoken in central Ifugao Province. There are also some speakers in Isabela Province, on the eastern shore of the Magat reservoir. 10,100 speakers as of 2002. Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao.
  • Mayoyao Ifugao (Mayaoyaw): spoken in Ifugao Province, (northern Mayoyao, Aguinaldo, and Alfonso Lista municipalities) and Mountain Province (2 small border areas). 30,000 speakers as of 2007.
  • Tuwali Ifugao (Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan, Tuwali): spoken in southern Ifugao Province. 30,000 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Hapao Ifugao, Hungduan Ifugao, and Lagawe Ifugao.

Phonology edit

Consonants edit

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative h
Lateral l
Approximant w j
  • Other sounds such as /s/ and /r/ occur in loanwords.

Vowels edit

Front Central Back
Close i ʊ ~ u
Mid ɛ ə ɔ
Open a
  • /ʊ/ can also be heard as close-back [u].
  • /ə/ does not exist in the Tuwali dialect.[5]
  • /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ].[6]

Orthography edit

The unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, T, U, W, Y. The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of the speaker.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ Batad Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Amganad Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mayoyao Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tuwali language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ (Lebar, 1975: 78)
  3. ^ (Newell and Poligon, 1993)
  4. ^ Kinnud, Richard (2013-08-21). "Language Change in the Cordillera". Sun.Star. Baguio. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  5. ^ Taleon, Kristine (2020). A Phonological Sketch of Tuwali Ifugao. University of the Philippines Diliman.
  6. ^ Newell, Leonard E.; Poligon, Francis (1993). Batad Ifugao dictionary, with ethnographic notes. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. pp. 3–10.
  7. ^ Hay Mahun an Bahaon, A Pre-Primer in Ayangan Ifugao. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1984.

External links edit

  • Kinnud, Richard (2013-08-21). "Language Change in the Cordillera". Sun.Star. Baguio.

ifugao, language, ifugao, batad, malayo, polynesian, language, spoken, northern, valleys, ifugao, philippines, member, northern, luzon, subfamily, closely, related, bontoc, kankanaey, languages, dialect, continuum, four, main, varieties, such, tuwali, sometime. Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys of Ifugao Philippines It is a member of the Northern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to the Bontoc and Kankanaey languages 2 It is a dialect continuum and its four main varieties such as Tuwali are sometimes considered separate languages 3 IfugaoNative toPhilippinesRegionIfugao LuzonNative speakers 130 000 cited 1987 2007 1 Language familyAustronesian Malayo PolynesianPhilippineNorthern LuzonMeso CordilleranCentral CordilleranNuclear CordilleranIfugaoLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code ifb class extiw title iso639 3 ifb ifb a Batad Ifugao a href https iso639 3 sil org code ifa class extiw title iso639 3 ifa ifa a Amganad Ifugao a href https iso639 3 sil org code ifu class extiw title iso639 3 ifu ifu a Mayoyao Ifugao a href https iso639 3 sil org code ifk class extiw title iso639 3 ifk ifk a Tuwali languageGlottologifug1247Area where the Ifugao dialect continuum is spoken according to EthnologueLoanwords from other languages such as Ilokano are replacing some older terminology 4 Contents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Orthography 4 References 5 External linksDialects editEthnologue reports the following locations for each of the four Ifugao languages Amganad Ifugao spoken in Hungduan and Banaue municipalities of Ifugao Province and into southwestern Mountain Province 27 100 speakers as of 2000 Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao Batad Ifugao Ayangan Ifugao spoken in central Ifugao Province There are also some speakers in Isabela Province on the eastern shore of the Magat reservoir 10 100 speakers as of 2002 Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao Mayoyao Ifugao Mayaoyaw spoken in Ifugao Province northern Mayoyao Aguinaldo and Alfonso Lista municipalities and Mountain Province 2 small border areas 30 000 speakers as of 2007 Tuwali Ifugao Gilipanes Ifugaw Kiangan Ifugao Quiangan Tuwali spoken in southern Ifugao Province 30 000 speakers as of 2000 Dialects are Hapao Ifugao Hungduan Ifugao and Lagawe Ifugao Phonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive voiceless p t k ʔvoiced b d ɡNasal m n ŋFricative hLateral lApproximant w jOther sounds such as s and r occur in loanwords Vowels edit Front Central BackClose i ʊ uMid ɛ e ɔOpen a ʊ can also be heard as close back u e does not exist in the Tuwali dialect 5 i can also be heard as ɪ 6 Orthography editThe unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows A B D E G H I K L M N Ng O P T U W Y The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of the speaker 7 References edit Batad Ifugao at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Amganad Ifugao at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Mayoyao Ifugao at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Tuwali language at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Lebar 1975 78 Newell and Poligon 1993 Kinnud Richard 2013 08 21 Language Change in the Cordillera Sun Star Baguio Retrieved 2013 08 30 Taleon Kristine 2020 A Phonological Sketch of Tuwali Ifugao University of the Philippines Diliman Newell Leonard E Poligon Francis 1993 Batad Ifugao dictionary with ethnographic notes Manila Linguistic Society of the Philippines pp 3 10 Hay Mahun an Bahaon A Pre Primer in Ayangan Ifugao Summer Institute of Linguistics 1984 External links editKinnud Richard 2013 08 21 Language Change in the Cordillera Sun Star Baguio Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ifugao language amp oldid 1122586121, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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