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Hamilton Grange National Memorial

February 15, 2024

"Hamilton Grange" redirects here. For the library, see Hamilton Grange Library.

Hamilton Grange National Memorial (also known as Hamilton Grange or the Grange) is a historic house museum within St. Nicholas Park in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Operated by the National Park Service (NPS), the structure was the only home ever owned by U.S. Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. The house contains exhibits for visitors, as well as various rooms with restored 19th-century interiors. Originally located near present-day 143rd Street, the house was moved in 1889 to 287 Convent Avenue before being relocated again in 2008 to St. Nicholas Park. The structure is a New York City designated landmark and a United States national memorial, and it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Hamilton Grange National Memorial
Hamilton Grange in 2019
LocationWest 141st Street and Hamilton Terrace, Manhattan, New York
Coordinates40°49′17″N 73°56′50″W / 40.82139°N 73.94722°W / 40.82139; -73.94722
Built1802
ArchitectJohn McComb Jr.
Architectural styleFederal style
WebsiteHamilton Grange National Memorial
NRHP reference No.66000097
NYCL No.0317A
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHLDecember 19, 1960[2][3]
Designated NYCLAugust 2, 1967

Hamilton acquired land for the estate from Jacob Schieffelin and Samuel Bradhurst starting in 1800, and he commissioned architect John McComb Jr. to design a country home there. The house was completed in 1802, just two years before Hamilton's death in 1804. The house remained in his family for 30 years afterward and was then sold several times, including to the Ward family, who occupied the house between 1845 and 1876. The original estate was parceled off and sold in the 1880s, and the house was first relocated after St. Luke's Episcopal Church bought it in 1889. The church used Hamilton Grange as a chapel and a rectory before selling it to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society (ASHPS) in 1924. The ASHPS opened the house as a museum in 1930 and handed over operations to the NPS in 1960. For the next four decades, the NPS attempted to move the house so the building could be restored. The Grange was closed for restoration and relocation between 2006 and 2011.

The Grange is a two-story frame Federal style house with a ground level basement. It is a rectangular structure with porticos on the front and rear facades, as well as piazzas to its left and right. The basement dates from 2011 and contains the gift shop and exhibits, while the other two stories are part of the original house. On the first floor are Hamilton's study, a parlor, a dining room, and two additional spaces. The second floor was used as bedrooms. Most of Hamilton's original belongings were sold after his death to other American institutions, and many of the current objects in the house are replicas created in 2011. The Grange has been the subject of architectural commentary over the years, and it is the namesake of several structures in the neighborhood.

Site edit

The house is located in the Hamilton Heights and Sugar Hill sections of the neighborhood of Harlem in Manhattan, New York City.[4] It has occupied three sites in the neighborhood throughout its history,[5] all within the bounds of U.S. Founding Father Alexander Hamilton's original estate.[6] The estate was part of section IX of what was known as Jochem Pieter's Hills. John Delavall bought lot IX in 1691 and sold the southern half of the lot to Samuel Kelly (or Kelley), who then sold that site to druggist Jacob Schieffelin in 1799. Schieffelin's parcel was bounded by the Hudson River to the west, 140th Street to the south, St. Nicholas Avenue to the east, and 145th Street to the north.[7] The Bloomingdale Road bisected Schieffelin's parcel into western and eastern plots; Hamilton's estate, the Grange, occupied the eastern plot.[8][a] The Grange name extended across much of the surrounding area, which remained largely rural until the late 19th century.[11]

The first site was near present-day 143rd Street,[12][13] at the center of Hamilton's estate.[14] It occupied a small plateau that existed on the estate.[15] This site stood approximately 60 feet (18 m)[16] or 75 feet (23 m) west of modern-day Convent Avenue.[13][17][18] There were also some outbuildings to the east, between what is now Hamilton Terrace and Convent Avenue. These included a barn, chicken house, and shed, as well as a "spring house" atop one of two now-infilled streams on the site, where butter and milk were stored.[19][20] The house's original site is occupied by the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built starting in 1902[21] and is itself a New York City designated landmark.[22]

The second site was at 287 Convent Avenue, approximately 250 feet (76 m)[23] or 350 feet (110 m) south of the original location.[24][25] The house occupied this location from 1889 to 2008.[26] It was located on the east side of the avenue[13] and sloped down significantly to the east, toward Hamilton Terrace.[27] East of the house was a 5,400-square-foot (500 m2) lawn owned by St. Luke's Episcopal Church.[28] After the house was moved in 2008, children planted a flower garden at 287 Convent Avenue.[29]

The third and current site is at 414 West 141st Street, at the southern end of Hamilton Terrace.[30][31] The house is within St. Nicholas Park, 500 feet (150 m) south of the second site.[26] The current site abuts the campus of City College of New York (CCNY), a unit of the City University of New York.[32] The parcel covers nearly 1 acre (4,000 m2)[25][33] and consists of a plateau measuring no more than 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) wide.[34]

Use as residence edit

Alexander Hamilton was born in 1755–1757[b] on Nevis and went to study at King's College, now part of Columbia University, in New York City at the age of 16.[36][37] During his career, Hamilton was a military officer, lawyer, and author of some of The Federalist Papers. He also married Elizabeth Schuyler in 1780, just after the American Revolutionary War, and served as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury in 1789.[37] After Hamilton retired as Treasury Secretary in 1795, his family occupied various houses in Manhattan;[38] by 1798, they were renting a country house in Harlem from their brother-in-law John Barker Church.[39][40] Until then, Alexander Hamilton had never owned a house.[41]

In late 1798, Hamilton wrote to his wife Eliza that he was planning a project in New York City, the details of which he was keeping secret.[39][42] During the Quasi-War of 1798–1800, Hamilton served as Inspector General of the United States Army, trying to fend off a war against France; as such, he could not devote time to his "project".[43] He wrote a letter to the merchant Ebenezer Stevens in October 1799, offering to buy a parcel adjoining Stevens's land from Jacob Schieffelin.[43][44] Hamilton had wanted the plot west of the Bloomingdale Road, but Schieffelin would only sell the plot to the east of the road.[8] Hamilton bought the eastern site on August 2, 1800, paying $4,000 for a plot of 15 acres (6.1 ha).[8][13][45] That September, he bought 3 acres (1.2 ha) to the north of his existing parcel[46] from Samuel Bradhurst.[47][48] Hamilton also acquired the rights to fish in the nearby rivers and hunt game in the woodlands of Upper Manhattan.[49] He and his wife's family, the Schuyler family, had been developing plans for a permanent house for nearly two years at that point.[50]

Development edit

After officially acquiring the Schieffelin site, Alexander, Eliza, and their seven children moved into an existing farmhouse on the site. Alexander hired architect John McComb Jr. to remodel that house for an estimated $70.90 (equivalent to $1,223 in 2022).[c][d][50] McComb had, at the time, just designed Gracie Mansion and was in a competition to design New York City Hall.[41] Hamilton also commissioned McComb to design a country home on the estate.[51][52] Eliza's father Philip Schuyler tried and failed to hire a contractor from Albany, New York, delaying the construction of the permanent house by a year.[53] Ultimately, Ezra Weeks was hired to build the house;[51][53] Hamilton had defended Weeks's brother in a murder trial two years earlier.[54]

Weeks and McComb drew up a proposal for the house, dated June 22, 1801, in which they divided the work between them.[55] Weeks probably began excavating the foundation in late 1801, and he first billed Hamilton in December of that year. After Weeks excavated the site and built the foundation and frame, McComb probably commenced his portion of the work in May or June 1802.[56] Timber in the mansion was sourced from the grounds of the General Schuyler House in Saratoga, New York.[49][57] The house was mostly done by mid-1802, although some work such as painting continued through February 1803.[46][41] Hamilton wrote a letter to Eliza in late 1803, requesting alterations to an ice house on the site.[58][59] In total, the house and surrounding structures cost $17,972.06 (equivalent to $367,550 in 2022), excluding lumber that Philip Schuyler gave to Alexander as a gift.[60] Hamilton's friends estimated that the house cost as much as $25,000.[61]

Hamilton occupancy edit

 
The Hamilton family moved into the house in August 1802.[46]

The Hamilton family moved into the house in August 1802.[46] Known as the Grange, the estate was named after the estate of Hamilton's grandfather in Scotland.[62][63][64][e] Hamilton acquired another parcel from Bradhurst in January 1803, bringing his total acquisition to 32 acres (13 ha).[45][46][f] The house was the only residence that Hamilton owned in his lifetime.[62][63] Hamilton, wishing to landscape the area around the house, consulted physician David Hosack for guidance.[68][69] Hamilton planted a circle of 13 sweet gum trees, symbolizing the Thirteen Colonies,[70][71][68][g] and he also planted a circular flower bed.[68] Though early-20th-century sources described him as an avid farmer and gardener,[69][73] he had very little free time and described the house itself as his hobby.[46]

Hamilton worked in Lower Manhattan, a three-hour round trip from his estate;[74][75] he traveled to his law office by stagecoach several times a week.[63] His house was close to the Albany Post Road, which led directly to Lower Manhattan.[73][75] Hamilton also had a second residence in Lower Manhattan, and his wife maintained the Grange during his absences.[75] Details of Hamilton's life at the Grange are known only from accounts written by his relatives, friends, and followers. The historians Alfred Mongin and Anne D. Whidden wrote that the Grange housed not only the Hamiltons and their seven children,[h] but also the children of friends or family.[76] The Schuyler family, to whom the Hamiltons were especially close, were frequent visitors, as were Alexander's friends Gouverneur Morris and Rufus King.[45][77][78] The Hamiltons also hosted other guests such as jurist James Kent and French royal Jérôme Bonaparte.[77] During the winter, the family stayed in a house on Fulton Street in Lower Manhattan.[75]

Hamilton lived at the house for two years, dying after his duel with Aaron Burr on July 11, 1804.[63][71] Although he had been a successful lawyer, Hamilton was "essentially land poor" when he died.[79] His legal estate was in significant debt because of the Grange's high cost;[80][81] his account books showed that he spent $11,840.27 (equivalent to $231,385 in 2022[c]) in six months.[81][82] The Grange estate was secured for about $20,000, an amount that included liens on the actual property, and a consortium was formed to control the legal estate.[83] One writer said that "going into debt to maintain his station gives a hint of" Hamilton's life.[84] Archibald Gracie bought the house at auction in 1805 for $30,000[16][83] and set up a trust to take over the estate.[20][83] The purchase price excluded approximately $7,600 in mortgage loans that Hamilton had received from the site's previous owners, Schieffelin and Bradhurst.[83]

Eliza Hamilton took title to the Grange on July 6, 1805, but Hamilton's legal estate still owed about $55,000, which was only repaid after additional land had been sold off.[85] The last debts on the house were paid off in 1808.[85] During the 1810s, Eliza Hamilton received land and payment from the federal government to compensate for her husband's military service.[85] Eliza is recorded as having sent correspondence from the Grange through at least 1819.[86] Although a 20th-century source describes the family as having rented out the house,[87] a 1980 study did not find records of Eliza renting the Grange.[86]

Subsequent residents edit

 
Drawing of the original Grange before 1889

Eliza Hamilton is recorded as having sold the Grange in 1833; at the time, the estate covered over 32 acres (13 ha).[86] The house was sold for $25,000 (equivalent to $758,000 in 2022[c]).[86][87][88] The buyer, a banker named Moses Henriques,[10] also assumed a $9,000 mortgage that had been placed on the property.[86] Henriques promptly sold the house to real estate speculator Theodore E. Davis, who resold it to Isaac G. Pearson in 1835 for $52,511 (equivalent to $1,490,000 in 2022[c]). Pearson put up the house as collateral for a $15,000 mortgage loan given to Samuel Ward.[87][10] The latter took over ownership of the house in 1845.[17][10] The family of Ward's brother, the lawyer William G. Ward, moved into the house. Although William Ward died in 1848, his widow and the families of his sons continued to live there during the summer.[10]

By the mid-1850s, the area was still rural, although gradually densifying. The house was accessed only by a driveway that led to the former King's Bridge Road, and there was a stable to the rear and a lawn in front of the house.[89] Although the views to the north and south were blocked by higher ground and trees, respectively, the house overlooked the Hudson River to the west and the Harlem River, East River, and Long Island Sound to the east.[90] The oldest known picture of the house was taken around 1864, when the Ward family still lived in the house.[91] The Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank took over the house in 1876 after foreclosing on the property.[87][91] At the time, the Wards owed $53,402 (equivalent to $1,468,000 in 2022[c]).[91]

The house was sold for $312,500 in 1879 (equivalent to $9,815,000 in 2022).[88][91][92] The buyer, Anthony Mowbray, resold the house for the same amount to William H. DeForest, his client and business partner,[91][92] the month afterward.[93] The New York Times wrote in 1880 that the house had fallen into disrepair. At the time, "two good-natured Irish families" occupied the premises and allowed visitors to look at the house.[94] The DeForest family removed some mantels and mirrors.[95] One observer, writing in 1886, said the Third Avenue Cable Railroad now ran right outside the house and the stone fence around the estate was crumbling.[95] Another account stated that none of the original furniture remained.[96]

Subdivision of the old estate edit

When DeForest acquired the Grange estate, he intended to divide it into parcels.[17][91] The estate was thus split up into 300 land lots;[25][91][97] the Times described the remaining portion of the estate in 1880 as covering 8 or 10 acres (3.2 or 4.0 ha).[94] By the mid-1880s, the house was in danger of being demolished to make way for the Manhattan street grid, which had just reached Harlem.[98][99] The site had been condemned since it was in the path of 143rd Street;[25][74] in particular, the street ran through the northwest corner of the house.[99] Had the house not been moved, the street would have cut through the porches diagonally.[49] Most of the streets in the neighborhood, except for 143rd Street, had been laid out by 1884.[100] The Manhattan street grid had been built through the rest of the old estate by 1920,[101] and Hamilton Place, which followed the old Bloomingdale Road, remained intact.[101][72]

The opening of the Third Avenue Cable Railroad on what is now Amsterdam Avenue had spurred development in the area.[102] The plots that comprised the Hamilton Grange estate were offered for sale in late 1887,[103][104] and many lots were sold on the condition that they remain in residential use.[97] Real estate developer Amos Cotting acquired the lots south of 143rd Street.[74][99] The remainder of the original estate was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the construction of the New York City Subway's first line spurred development in the area.[11] The neighborhood was initially known as Hamilton Grange.[102] The estate's sweet gum trees were enclosed by a fence in the 1880s, when they started to die.[49] The trees were supposed to be sold in early 1892,[105] but O. B. Potter bought the site, preserving the trees.[106][107] They were placed for sale again in 1898,[101][108] and the few remaining trunks were felled in 1908.[16][73]

Use by St. Luke's Church edit

St. Luke's Episcopal Church, which was based in Greenwich Village but whose congregation had moved uptown, was looking for a new site in 1888.[99][109] The church's rector, Isaac Henry Tuttle, looked at several lots in Upper Manhattan until he came across a site at the corner of Convent Avenue and 141st Street, within the boundary of the original Hamilton Grange.[99] One of his old congregants offered $5,000 to move the congregation there.[109] The church agreed in late 1888 to buy the lots on the northeastern corner of that intersection.[99][110] After Tuttle saw the Grange while visiting his recent acquisition, he contacted Cotting, who decided to give the house to the congregation for use as a temporary chapel.[111][112] The house was one of a few remaining late-17th and early-18th-century mansions in Upper Manhattan at the time.[113]

Relocation and 1890s edit

 
With church, 1893

In November 1888, St. Luke's submitted an application to the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB), requesting that the house be relocated, and the DOB approved the request the next month. At the time, the house was recorded as occupying an irregular lot of 125 by 200 by 100 feet (38 by 61 by 30 m).[99] The church moved the house to 287 Convent Avenue, approximately 250 feet (76 m) south of the original location;[23] the house itself traveled about 500 feet (150 m).[114][115] Relocation commenced on December 5, 1888, and a subsequent renovation of the house was finished by the end of June 1889.[116] The original front and rear porches were removed, and the front porch was moved to the western or left side of the house.[74][116] Even so, the building protruded slightly into the Rockefeller family's property to the north.[117]

At its new site, the house was set back 33 feet (10 m) from the street.[118] After the house was relocated, the interior stairs and some partitions were also modified.[119] St. Luke's initially used the house for services,[74] holding its first service there on April 28, 1889.[119][120] The octagonal rooms in the middle of the house were converted into a chapel.[119][118] By 1890, St. Luke's was planning to erect a church building on part of its site.[121] St. Luke's erected a Richardsonian Romanesque building to the south between 1892 and 1895, which wrapped around the house slightly.[23] Part of the Grange was shaved off to accommodate the new building.[24][122] St. Luke's used the house as a rectory after the first part of the new building opened on December 18, 1892,[119] and the rector prepared his sermons in the house's large rooms.[123]

By 1894, the house had developed severe structural issues; for example, it needed a new roof.[119][124] Although members of St. Luke's congregation believed it would be more cost-effective to just demolish the house, Tuttle thought that the building could be repaired.[119][125] The new roof cost $1,500 (equivalent to $51,000 in 2022).[119][126] After the roof was repaired, Tuttle set aside two of the rooms for the church and related organizations.[126] Following Tuttle's death in 1896, a day school leased part of the mansion.[119][125][127] The day school, operated by Ella K. Morgan, occupied either the first story or the basement.[119]

1900s to early 1920s edit

A decade after the first relocation of Hamilton Grange, there were attempts to relocate it again to a more pastoral setting.[74] A bill in the New York State Senate was introduced in early 1900, providing $50,000 for the state government to acquire Hamilton Grange's original site and relocate the house there.[128][129] Alexander Hamilton Post pushed for the introduction of another State Senate bill in 1901,[125] allowing the New York City government to acquire the house and maintain it.[66][130] The 1901 bill failed, but efforts to preserve the house continued.[125] A companion bill to the 1900 legislation, providing $50,000 for the state to take over the house, was introduced in the New York State Assembly in 1903.[131] One newspaper estimated that it would cost $150,000 to convert the original site to a park.[132] The local board of improvement voted in favor of the relocation at the beginning of 1905,[133] but the state legislature voted against acquiring the house.[134] The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) placed a commemorative tablet on the house's steps in 1907,[16][135] and the DAR also pressured the city government to acquire the house to officially preserve it.[136]

Although the state legislature passed a law in 1908, which permitted the city government to take over the house and relocate it to St. Nicholas Park, the house remained in place.[118] Morgan's day school operated in the house until 1909, when her lease was canceled.[127] Afterward, the house's facade was painted in 1909.[101] The interior was refurbished and repurposed, with offices and meeting rooms on the first floor and living spaces for the rector and curate on the second floor.[101][137] Further changes to the interior were made in 1914, when the offices in the rear became a kitchen and maid's bedroom; the meeting spaces in the octagonal rooms became a parlor and a dining room; and the basement was converted to living space for the sexton's family.[138] In addition, the facade was again painted, and the site was landscaped.[101][138]

Edward Hagaman Hall, executive secretary of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society (ASHPS), began negotiating with St. Luke's Church in 1912 to take over the house and preserve it. St. Luke's rector G. Ashton Oldham was reluctant to give away Hamilton Grange but considered selling it for at least $30,000.[139] These discussions were truncated due to the onset of World War I.[139][140] Other organizations, including the Sons of the American Revolution and the Grand Army of the Republic, also sought to buy the house.[112] A six-story apartment building was completed in the early 1920s to the north,[4][139] thereby enclosing the house.[52][141] St. Luke's began to perceive the house as a liability over the years,[142] and the Hamilton Society of Chicago proposed relocating the house to that city in the early 1920s.[65][143] The ASHPS opposed the house's relocation to Chicago[144] and resumed its advocacy for the house's preservation.[65][143] A writer for The New York Times said in the mid-1920s that the relocation of the house was worse than if a portion of the house had remained in its original location.[145]

Use as museum and memorial edit

American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society operation edit

Establishment of museum edit

 
Interior of the Grange's dining room

The ASHPS bought the Grange in November 1924[144] after anonymous donors paid $50,000 for the house.[57][65] The donors, later revealed as bankers George Fisher Baker and J. P. Morgan Jr.,[142][139] also established a $50,000 trust fund to pay for upkeep.[139][146] The ASHPS planned to convert the house into a museum,[49][147] and it appointed a committee of several people, including two of Hamilton's descendants, to collect memorabilia for the museum.[147] At the time, the Grange was the only remaining building associated with Hamilton; his law office and residences in Lower Manhattan had been replaced, while his home in Weehawken, New Jersey, had been demolished.[49] The house's wallpaper and woodwork had been restored, and many of the other interior decorations remained unchanged from when Hamilton occupied the house.[147] In the long run, the ASHPS planned to move the house elsewhere so it could be restored fully.[148][149]

The society wanted to raise money for a renovation but still did not have sufficient funds by 1928;[150] it hoped to raise $125,000.[151] The ASHPS launched a fundraising campaign in early 1929[152] and renovated the roof the same year.[149] Further renovations took place between 1932 and 1933, when electricity was installed and one side of the house was painted.[149][153] The balustrades were also removed to allow the repainting of the three other facades, which was never completed due to a lack of money.[149] The house opened to the public in 1933.[149][154] Furniture and decorative objects associated with the Hamilton family were displayed there.[155]

1930s to early 1960s edit

Initially, the house was open to the public every day and did not charge admission fees.[18] In early 1934, the DAR's Washington Heights chapter moved into a room on the second floor.[156][157] With the ASHPS's permission, the DAR redecorated one of the house's living rooms.[158] A statue of Hamilton by William Ordway Partridge was relocated from the Hamilton Club of Brooklyn after the club closed in 1936,[4][149][159] and it was dedicated outside the Grange that October.[160] By the early 1940s, numerous people were donating Colonial memorabilia to the museum, regardless of whether the objects were related to Hamilton.[142] As early as 1949, there were proposals to move the house to a park, although local real-estate developers opposed the move.[161] By then, the house was dilapidated; some of the upstairs rooms did not have any furnishings, and the facade needed to be repainted.[162]

As early as 1950, the ASHPS was asking New York City park commissioner Robert Moses to relocate the Grange to Claremont Park, where the Claremont Inn was being razed.[163] At the time, the group's members felt that the Grange had degraded to a "shabby" condition.[164] The city government asked the state legislature in 1955 to move the house to the City College of New York (CCNY)'s campus,[165] as that site was close to buses and the subway.[146] Had the house been moved to CCNY, the campus's gates would have had to be disassembled.[166] The New York State Assembly passed a bill that March to permit the house's relocation to the CCNY campus,[167] and governor W. Averell Harriman approved the bill the next month.[168] The society planned to ask local banks for $400,000 because Hamilton had helped establish the modern U.S. banking system.[146] During a 1957 tour of the house, Assembly member Mildred F. Taylor found that the building was in poor condition and that it was closed during the midday.[169]

The Grange had still not been relocated by early 1958, and the ASHPS was raising $375,000 to move the house to the CCNY campus.[170] Largely white philanthropists also wished to relocate the house southward, away from the majority-black Hamilton Heights neighborhood,[171] and there were also proposals to move the house to Riverside Park or the Cloisters.[74][172] Ultimately, no action was taken on any of the relocation proposals.[172] Preservationists also proposed relocating the apartment building that abutted the house to its north.[172] By the early 1960s, the house saw few visitors but was targeted by thieves on several occasions.[146] The house was deteriorating and had a single, worn-down plaque commemorating its status.[173]

National Park Service operation edit

Takeover and preservation edit

 
The Convent Avenue location of the home

In May 1960, U.S. Senator Jacob Javits introduced a bill in Congress to designate Hamilton Grange as a national memorial,[115][174] and the Grange was designated a National Historic Landmark that December.[175] The United States Department of the Interior approved the creation of the Hamilton Grange National Memorial on the condition that the city donate land within the CCNY campus for the house's relocation.[176] Congress authorized the national memorial in early 1962,[177] mandating that the property be relocated before a restoration could take place.[24][178] That May, U.S. President John F. Kennedy signed a bill to create the memorial, authorizing the National Park Service (NPS) to take over the site from the ASHPS.[179][180] Javits and U.S. Representative John V. Lindsay estimated that it would cost the federal government $300,000–$400,000 to restore the Grange.[181]

When Congress had designated the national memorial, it had appropriated $460,000 for the house's restoration,[114][182] of which $282,000 was for the relocation.[114][183] A study by the ASHPS indicated that the house was structurally sound,[179][184] and another report showed that the building could be moved if it were split into two pieces.[179] Despite these reports, visitors were advised not to lean on railings or use the stairs to the east, and there were holes in the floor and ceiling.[182] The NPS requested bids to relocate the house in June 1964, but the cheapest bid was for $417,000,[114] and the CCNY site was ultimately rejected due to the high cost of relocation.[185] Local residents organized in opposition to the relocation,[185][186] and St. Luke's rector David Johnson did not want the house to be moved unless it was adjacent to the church.[182] Ultimately, various attempts to relocate the site failed due to local opposition.[178] The New York Daily News wrote that, while other historical sites in the city were deteriorating because of neglect, the Grange was crumbling because "too many people" were interested in its preservation.[185]

Hamilton Grange was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966,[187][4] the day the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 went into effect.[74][188] The house was partially restored during the mid-1960s,[189] reopening in 1967.[190][191] At the time, many of the house's original artifacts were stored in Sagamore Hill.[189][190] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the house as a city landmark in August 1967.[191][192] In its designation report, the LPC recommended moving the building to St. Nicholas Park so it could be fully restored.[25]

1970s and 1980s edit

Local civic groups such as the Hamilton Heights Homeowners Association used the house for meetings during the late 20th century.[4] A mayoral committee published a report in 1972, recommending that the NPS take action to attract visitors to five historic sites in Manhattan, including the Grange.[193][194] The report suggested that the house could be used to educate black students and that it could be renovated if Congress appropriated $500,000.[195] The house was designated as part of the Hamilton Heights Historic District in 1974.[196] The Hamilton statue outside the house was cleaned in 1978.[197] The Grange was closed for an extensive renovation in 1979.[198] During its closure, the house was repeatedly broken into, although all the items in the house had been cleared out before the renovation.[199] The firm of Meadows Woll Architects was hired in 1980 to study the feasibility of moving the Grange,[4] and the NPS commissioned a 600-page study of the house.[32]

The house reopened in July 1983 after the renovation was finished.[198] In 1986, the NPS decided to close all national memorials and monuments in Manhattan on Sundays, including Hamilton Grange.[200] The NPS announced in 1987 that the house would remain in place and would be renovated for $3 million.[201] By then, the house was completely bare except for two side chairs and a piano in the octagonal rooms. Due to local opposition to the relocation, U.S. Representative Charles Rangel wanted to change the law authorizing the Hamilton Grange National Memorial, allowing the house to be restored at Convent Avenue.[166] Local groups hosted tours of the house to raise money for the project,[202] and the New York Post also agreed to donate some money for the house's renovation.[203]

1990s edit

By the early 1990s, the house had decayed significantly due to neglect and inclement weather.[204] At the time, it had 40–50 thousand[204] or 70 thousand visitors per year.[52] Visitation was limited by the fact that there was no parking or wheelchair access, although the site was accessible via bus and subway.[205] Georgette Nelms, the superintendent of NPS sites in Manhattan, began looking for contractors to stabilize the house's foundation in 1991.[206] Severe deterioration forced the NPS to close the home to the public entirely in 1992.[74][52] Early that year, workers commenced the first phase of a four-part renovation, which included repainting the facade, replacing the roof, and fixing masonry and woodwork.[204] Rangel obtained a $750,000 federal appropriation for this work,[204][207] and he successfully requested another $1 million from the United States Congress that October.[208] The Hamilton Heights Homeowners Association held tours of historic houses in the area to raise money for the Grange's restoration.[209] The Grange had few visitors and, according to Rangel, got less attention than Grant's Tomb.[178]

The NPS proposed moving Hamilton Grange in early 1993,[74] and it held five panel discussions about the relocation during that year.[210] Some local residents said the planned relocation of the Grange would disrupt the community;[210][211] one group of opponents collected 1,200 signatures for a petition against the plan,[211] while another group demonstrated outside the house.[212] The NPS planned to build a community center on the Convent Avenue site, but opponents remained skeptical.[52] Other local residents and Manhattan Community Board 9 supported the plan, stating that the relocation would turn the Grange into a tourist attraction and would allow Hamilton Grange to be restored.[213] Supporters of the relocation said the Grange could not be restored at the Convent Avenue site.[23] Community Board 9 voted in March 1994 to let the relocation proceed, allowing the NPS to form a community group for the project and request $10.6 million from the federal government.[214] By 1995, the NPS was planning to seek $11 million from Congress.[215]

The NPS indicated that it would move the mansion to St. Nicholas Park,[216][217] which not only allowed the house to be placed in a rustic setting but also occupied part of Hamilton's original estate.[12] A visitor center would have been built on the Convent Avenue site as part of the project.[218] Congress gave around $1.5 million for the relocation, although the house needed another $9.7 million to fund the full project.[219] The relocation process was delayed because the NPS did not have control of the St. Nicholas Park site; in the meantime, the agency spent $400,000 to stabilize the mansion.[217] The NPS announced in January 1998 that it would reopen three of Hamilton Grange's rooms for three days a week. The agency wanted to increase the public's interest in the house before the mansion was relocated.[216] A State Senate bill to approve the house's relocation stalled because it was sponsored by a Democrat, while the Senate was controlled by Republicans.[220] New York governor George Pataki signed the bill in October 1999, allowing the New York City government to give the NPS an easement within St. Nicholas Park to permit the Grange's relocation.[25][221]

2000s renovation edit

U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan wrote a letter to the NPS about the mansion's "deplorable" conditions in March 2000,[222] and both houses of Congress passed legislation in late 2000 to permit the relocation.[223] The NPS allocated $11 million to relocate the building in 2003.[24] Upon the 200th anniversary of the duel that killed Hamilton, in July 2004, the house recorded about 1,000 monthly visitors.[224] Hamilton Grange was closed to the public on May 7, 2006,[225] to undergo architectural testing in preparation for relocating the house to St. Nicholas Park.[64][226][227] Because the house was so tightly hemmed in by other buildings, the southern section of the house was disassembled first.[225] John G. Waite Associates and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill were hired to draw up plans for a renovation of the Grange.[225][228] The New York City government hoped that the relocation and renovation would attract visitors.[229]

 
Hamilton Grange at St. Nicholas Park in October 2009

The building was raised on hydraulic jacks over 20 days in 2008, with wood cribbing installed under the foundation.[230] Hamilton Grange was raised to a height of about 35 feet (11 m)[231] or 40 feet (12 m).[6][232] The house was then moved on rollers to wooden stilts in the middle of Convent Avenue;[230][233] the stilts were disassembled, leaving the house resting on nine dollies by the end of May 2008.[234] The NPS hired Wolfe House and Building Movers of Pennsylvania[6][234] because that firm could move the house in one piece.[230] Since the house was to be rolled down a six percent slope, four brakes were placed on each dolly to prevent the house from rolling away.[234] The house was then fitted with interior bracing and was wrapped in chains.[230][233] The statue in front of the house was placed in storage[232] and later reinstalled in front of St. Luke's Church.[235]

Before the house was to be moved, there were disagreements and legal disputes about its orientation.[236] The NPS planned to rotate the house 180 degrees so it faced northeast; if the house retained its original southwest orientation, it would face a cliff in St. Nicholas Park.[12][237] Everything in the house's path, such as street lamps and overhead wires, also had to be removed before the relocation took place.[238] On June 7, 2008, the house was rolled half a block south on Convent Avenue and then one block east on 141st Street to the new St. Nicholas Park location over six hours.[6][239] David W. Dunlap of The New York Times calculated its speed over the 500 feet at .04 mph.[26][240] A group known as the Friends of Hamilton Grange filed a lawsuit over the house's orientation just after the house was moved but before it was placed on its foundation.[239][241] The New York Daily News reported that the relocation itself comprised approximately two-fifths of the renovation project's planned $8.4 million cost.[231][232] In mid-June, a federal judge threw out the Friends of Hamilton Grange's lawsuit, ruling that the house might be damaged even more if it were rotated to face southwest.[242]

After the house was secured to its new foundation, workers began restoring it.[243] The federal government provided another $3 million in funding through a stimulus package.[178] The piazzas were rebuilt, and the main entrance was restored at its original position.[244][245] Restoration architects spent 18 months consulting documents to ensure that the restoration was historically accurate.[245] The grounds were landscaped with 13 sweet gum trees, a stone wall, a circular rose garden, and paths.[32] The renovation also included new electrical and mechanical systems,[246] and Fallon and Wilkinson were hired to create replicas of the original furniture.[244] During the renovation, contractors rediscovered some of the original materials, using them to rebuild some of the original details.[245][238] The project cost $14.5 million in total.[245][247]

Early 2010s to present edit

 
Patio of the restored house

The Grange reopened to the general public on September 17, 2011.[245][248] A ceremony was held with Hamilton descendants in attendance and tours of the restored interiors.[32][249] At the time of the reopening, only some of the first-floor rooms had been restored, while the second floor was closed.[178][246] NPS officials said that other parts of the Grange had not been restored because of a paucity of documentation.[178] In the renovated house, a visitor center is located in the entirely newly constructed basement floor.[32][250] Fergus M. Bordewich wrote in The Wall Street Journal that the relocated house "will gaze out from its perch over one of the most vibrant black neighborhoods in America", namely Hamilton Heights.[251]

The house saw 21,000 annual visitors by 2014.[252] Hamilton Grange's popularity increased significantly after the Broadway musical Hamilton opened in 2015,[252][253] and many people who saw the musical went to the Grange afterward.[254] The house saw 35,000 visitors in 2015 and another 35,000 in the first five months of 2016,[252] with a record 85,603 in 2017.[255]

Architecture edit

John McComb Jr. designed Hamilton Grange in the Federal style;[256][257] it is one of the only remaining residential buildings with which he was involved.[258][259] The Grange differed significantly from most of McComb's other designs, which generally were either designed in the Georgian style or resembled more typical Federal buildings. In contrast to other Federal-style structures, the Grange's architectural elements were resized to emphasize different aspects of the facade, such as its height; one report referred to the design as "squat and somewhat clumsy".[260] At the time of the Grange's construction, McComb was still experimenting with architectural styles.[261]

Although McComb largely designed the house based on Alexander's wishes, Eliza and her father Philip also influenced the design, drawing on their experiences living in the Schuyler Mansion in Albany.[262] No extant elevation drawings for the house have been identified, but parts of the design may be derived from pattern books and from other buildings.[263] Design features, such as archways and octagonal rooms, may have been inspired by the Morris–Jumel Mansion at what is now 160th Street.[261] Other influences may have included Robert Morris's 1759 book Selected Architecture,[258] as well as the interior of a pavilion at Kedleston Hall in Derbyshire, England.[263]

The house is two stories tall with a ground-level basement.[243][264] It weighs approximately 298 short tons (266 long tons; 270 t).[231][232] The front elevation of the facade, which contains the main entrance, faced west-southwest at its original location[12][257][265] and south at its Convent Avenue location.[258] The front elevation was reoriented to the northeast when it was moved to St. Nicholas Park.[12][i] As built, the house had a rectangular plan,[266] measuring 46.5 by 50 feet (14.2 by 15.2 m).[142][265] A piazza extends the whole widths of the left and right elevations, while the front and rear elevations each had a portico.[257][265][266][i] The original main entrance on the front elevation was restored when the house was moved to St. Nicholas Park.[12]

Exterior edit

Facade edit

 
Right facade of the Grange at night

When the Grange was at its original location, its foundation was made of ashlar sandstone.[267] A rubblestone foundation was built at Convent Avenue when the house was first relocated.[268] Another foundation with a basement was constructed in St. Nicholas Park when the house was moved a second time. The basement at St. Nicholas Park is at ground level.[243][264]

On the first and second stories, the main facade uses flush siding, while the rear facade uses clapboard siding.[269] Flush siding is also used on the lower parts of the left and right elevations, and clapboard siding is used on the upper sections of these elevations. In addition, there are trim boards at each corner of the house, as well as sill boards on the front and rear elevations.[270] Most of the windows in the house are double-hung sash windows. There are protruding triple-hung bay windows on the left and right elevations, sheltered by the piazzas,[271] as well as a tripartite window directly above the main facade's entrance.[272] The windows are flanked by different types of shutters; the panels on the double-hung windows' shutters are flush with the facade, while those on the triple-hung windows' shutters are recessed.[273] Above the second story, an entablature, designed with elements of the Doric order, runs across the entire facade of the main house.[274][275] Additional entablatures run horizontally across the tops of the piazzas.[276]

The original front portico was flanked by two pairs of Doric columns and had Douglas fir floors and redwood balustrades.[277] It was accessed by a wooden stair that originally ascended half a story;[258] the stair had been rebuilt at least three times by the 1980s.[278] The front entrance door is designed in the Federal style, with sidelights on either side, and there is a semicircular transom window above the door.[275][279] There are two pairs of pilasters on either side of the door.[277] When the building was relocated to 287 Convent Avenue, one of the side entrances was converted into the main entrance, while the original front door was sealed off.[74][277] The rear portico was demolished at that time, and the front portico and entrance door were moved to the left elevation.[280] The two porticos were restored to their original positions in 2011.[281][243]

The piazzas on the left and right elevations[i] are similar in design, with splined fir floorboards and Douglas fir balustrades. Each piazza is surrounded by six freestanding columns and two engaged columns, which are all designed in the Doric order and support a small roof.[27] When the house was located at 287 Convent Avenue, the main entrance was through the left elevation.[265][279] Because the site sloped down to the east, there was a lower gallery and a subbasement beneath the right piazza (which at the time faced east). The lower gallery was supported by square Idaho white-pine columns and had Douglas fir floorboards.[27] There were also brownstone blocks below the left piazza, which faced west.[278] When the house was moved to St. Nicholas Park, both of the piazzas were elevated above the ground-level basement.[243][264]

Roofs edit

The main section of the house is covered by a gently sloping hip roof.[282][283] The roof was surrounded by a carved wood balustrade, which was installed at an unknown date and removed by the 1930s.[284] The roof is supported by four sets of rafters, which are divided into lower and upper portions. The lower portions of each rafter were likely built along with the rest of the house, while the upper portions were probably added in 1835 when the roof was raised. The 1980 architectural report indicates that the roof was originally topped by a flat deck.[283] The main roof was likely covered by a solid-lead flashing, which was replaced in 1894 by a tinplate covering and in 1929 by a standing seam metal roof.[122] There are copper gutters at the edges of the roof.[285]

The roof is topped by two non-functional wooden chimneys and two symmetrical brick chimneys that do work.[282][266][275] The wooden chimneys are at the front of the house, while the brick chimneys at the rear. Both sets of chimneys were repaired in the late 1970s.[286] The placement of the chimneys influenced the interior design, as the fireplaces in the basement and on the first and second floors had to be built atop each other.[287]

The piazzas on either side of the house originally had nearly flat roofs with a slope of about 1:24,[122] which were covered with red tinplate.[288] Hip roofs with steeper slopes were installed in the mid-19th century, likely to improve drainage.[289] During the mid-19th-century modifications, the piazzas' ceilings were lowered and rebuilt out of plaster and wooden lath.[288] When St. Luke's Church was built in the 1890s, the front part of the left-hand piazza (facing the church to the south) was removed.[122] The roofs were covered with sheet copper in 1929.[288] Carved wood balustrades also surrounded the piazza roofs but were removed by the 1930s.[284] When the original roofs were restored in the late 1970s, the roofs of the piazzas were covered with stainless steel. In addition, Douglas fir boards were installed on the piazzas' ceilings, matching the design of the original piazzas' ceilings.[288] There are stainless steel gutters at the edges of the piazzas' and portico's roofs.[285]

Interior edit

The house was built with 18 rooms.[231][232] The first floor included the house's "public rooms", where guests were entertained, while the second floor had private living areas such as bedrooms.[258] Both floors had five rooms plus a hallway, and the first floor also has a passageway.[290] The first and second stories are connected by a staircase, which was originally on the left side of the house but was moved to the front when the Grange was first relocated.[258][291] There is also a staircase from the second floor to the attic, and there may have been a stair from the first floor to the basement (although no evidence of the latter exists).[291] The house was first equipped with running water in 1845, electricity in 1933, and security systems in 1980. It was heated by a coal-fired boiler between 1933 and 1967, when gas heating was introduced.[292]

Throughout the house are decorations with Adam style influences.[53][293] The Grange's first floor, second floor, and attic are supported by a wood frame with interior partitions, joists, and studs. Brick nogging and plaster coating were used to insulate the house.[294] Ceiling joists and studs were covered with lath that was then coated with plaster.[295] Six types of plaster cornices were installed around the house,[296] though most of the cornices are plain.[295] Doors, window frames, and baseboards have a wide variety of millwork decorations,[293][296] while the floor is generally made of spruce planks.[296] There are several fireplaces with marble or wooden mantels.[293][297] Three types of doors and four types of windows were used throughout the house.[298] Except for the fireplaces and an arch on the first floor, the interior has a plain design.[299]

Basement edit

An account from the mid-19th century indicated that the original basement was used "for culinary purposes",[90] with a kitchen and two fireplaces.[291] This basement was demolished after the house was first relocated.[291]

When the house was moved to Convent Avenue, a basement was built beneath the original house, with four windows facing east. The basement included a stair hall at the southwest (front left) corner, storage rooms at the southeast and northeast corners, a kitchen under the center of the west facade, a bathroom and electrical closet at the northwest corner.[300] By the 1990s, the basement had an information desk, a meeting and theater space, an exhibition space, restrooms, and a bookstore.[301] There was also a sub-basement with a boiler, a heater, and storage space.[301][302] Though the sub-basement was at the same height as the ground at the eastern end of the site, there were no doors leading outside, and all the windows were sealed before 1978.[302]

The modern-day basement has a theater and exhibition space.[243] There is also a visitor center, which occupies space that corresponds to the original basement's ironing room and kitchen.[32]

First floor edit

 
View of the pentagonal foyer

The original main stairway was to the left of the main entrance.[303] The stair led up to the second floor and down to the basement.[304] When the house was moved to Convent Avenue, the entry and stair hall were moved to the southwest (front left) corner of the first floor,[305] measuring 12.67 by 23.75 feet (4 by 7 m) wide.[265] At Convent Avenue, part of the ceiling was removed to make way for a staircase, which blocked the original front entrance.[293][305] The entry and stair halls have three archways with floral bas-reliefs; two lead to octagonal rooms behind them, while the third leads to Hamilton's study to the right.[305] A pentagonal apse or foyer connects the stair hall to the two octagonal rooms.[305][306] The modern-day stair is to the left of the foyer, but the staircase has been relocated so it does not block the original front entrance.[306]

At the front right corner of the house is Hamilton's study,[90][306] also known as the southeast room.[j][307] This room measures about 12.67 by 12.67 feet (4 by 4 m) across;[265] it was relatively small because Hamilton maintained a larger office downtown.[308] The study retains almost all of its original ornament such as cornices, baseboards, door frames, and floorboards.[307] The walls are painted bright green.[309][310] Sources disagree on whether the color was meant to represent nature[308] or was used because of its associations with the wealthy.[311] There are a desk and bookshelves,[309] stocked with five books from Hamilton's own collection.[308]

There are two identical octagonal rooms behind the entry and stair halls, which span the entire width of the house[290][312] and measure 18 by 24 feet (5.5 by 7.3 m) across.[265] The one on the left (formerly the west octagon room) was likely used as a drawing room[90][313] and is known as the parlor.[265][312][314] The room includes three floor-to-ceiling triple-hung windows and a fireplace with a marble mantel.[313] The walls are painted yellow.[311] The octagonal room to the right (the east octagon room) was the dining room.[90][306][312] It has very similar walls, ceilings, cornices, baseboards, door frames, floorboards, fireplace, and floor-to-ceiling triple-hung windows as the drawing room/parlor.[315] Between the west and east octagon rooms was an ornate four-paneled wooden door,[315] which in the 19th century was likely clad with mirrors.[90] The rooms had views of the Hudson River to the west and the Harlem River to the east.[287]

A pentagonal hallway, measuring 13 by 5.67 feet (4 by 2 m),[265] extends from the octagonal rooms to the rear of the house.[306][316] The hallway has four interior doorways. During the 20th century, the space occupied by the rear doorway became a window, and a bathroom was installed.[316] The original purpose of the room at the rear left corner (the northwest room) is not known, but it may have been a bedroom. Although the room lacks a cornice, it has a baseboard design unique to the house, and there is a doorway leading to the rear hall. The windows in the first-floor northwest room have plain frames, and there was originally a fireplace in the room, although the fireplace was likely sealed in 1933.[317] The original use of the rear-right room (the northeast room) is also not known but may have also been a bedroom. The decorations are similar to that of the northwest room, and there is also a baseboard and marble fireplace mantel.[318]

Second floor edit

Originally, the second floor had separate bedrooms for Hamilton, his wife, their daughters, and their two eldest sons.[308] The second floor is closed to the public. A 1995 NPS report cited the second floor as being too weak to support visitors;[301] after the house was restored in 2011, the second floor was used as staff space.[178] It is bisected by a hallway which runs from front to back, with three rooms each to the left and right.[265] At the center of the house's front elevation is the front hall, which was modified in 1889 when the main stair was relocated. It retains many of its original decorations, such as woodwork, plasterwork, and moldings.[319] Extending behind the front hall to the rear of the house is a central passageway which also retains many of its original decorations.[320]

The southwest room at the front left corner of the second floor, dating from the 1889 renovation, occupied the site of the original stairwell;[321] this room has since been replaced with a stairwell.[306] The southeast room at the front right is similar to the southwest room, but it contains evidence of a former closet and stairs to the attic.[322] The west center room and east center room respectively adjoin the left and right walls of the center hall and were originally very similar in design, with fireplaces and doorways; the west center room also had a closet, while the east center room had a stair to the attic (accessible from the center hall).[323] At the rear of the house are the northwest room, northeast room, and a central bathroom, all accessed by a rear hall at the end of the central second-story passageway. Originally, the rooms in the rear comprised a single space, but the rooms were subdivided before 1820, likely to provide a bedroom for each Hamilton child. The rooms at either corner have fireplaces, and the northwest room also had a closet.[324]

Operation edit

Most of Hamilton's original belongings were sold after his death to other American institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution, New York Public Library, New-York Historical Society, and Museum of the City of New York.[4] When the house first became a museum in the 1930s, its collection included portraits of Alexander and Eliza Hamilton painted by Works Progress Administration artists,[325] as well as a pair of guns that Hamilton brought to his duel with Burr.[326] In the mid-20th century, the house exhibited various objects such as a bust of Alexander Hamilton by Giuseppe Ceracchi; a dress worn by Eliza Hamilton; and a collection of books from the Hamiltons' family library.[142][162] Other artifacts included a four-poster bed, cribs, and bed warmers from Hamilton's lifetime.[162]

Many of the current objects in the house are replicas.[244][308] Among the few surviving original artifacts are a mourning scarf from 1804 and a piano imported from Britain in the 1790s;[244] the piano was made by Muzio Clementi.[308] Just before the house's relocation to St. Nicholas Park, the house displayed items such as the piano, chairs, and a wine cooler.[6][327] The modern-day exhibits include some of Hamilton's old books, papers, and furniture, as well as drawings and diagrams of the house created as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey.[328] In the dining room are late-18th-century teacups with wooden handles, a replica of a wine cooler given by George Washington,[308] and plates arranged for a meal.[311] The parlor features five original chairs.[311][308] There is also a bust of Hamilton in the entrance hall.[32][308] Some of the objects in the collection are stored by the Gateway National Recreation Area.[328]

The house's first floor and basement are open Wednesdays through Sundays. The NPS hosts guided tours with up to 15 people, although visitors can also tour the house on their own.[246][308] Only four rooms are typically open to the public;[329] the second floor is used only by staff.[246] The NPS also operates a junior ranger program at the monument.[330]

Critical reception edit

Architecturally, the New York Sun called the house "a good example of the comfortable country house" of the early 19th century,[9] and The New York Times described the house as "substantial rather than elegant".[331] By 1926, the writer Chesla Sherlock lamented that "so little of the home he loved so well has been preserved to us", citing the fact that the house had been moved and all its furniture dispersed.[84] A writer for the New York Amsterdam News said in 1962 that, despite the house's deterioration, its decorated floors, ceilings, and fireplace mantels "still speak of the era when it was the country home" of Hamilton.[332] When the Grange was located at Convent Avenue, the historian Hugh Howard described the house as being hemmed in and forgotten about, akin to "a misplaced book on a library shelf".[333]

Upon the house's reopening in 2011, The Wall Street Journal said that the house "at long last is a fitting monument to one of America's greatest Founding Fathers".[281] A critic for the same newspaper described the relocation as successful both from a historical and architectural point of view, saying that the design "suggests a rationality that isn't accidental".[247] The New York Times said the design gave "a kind of gracious pleasure taken in what was being made possible" and that the St. Nicholas Park site was an appropriate setting for the house.[32] A writer for AM New York described the home in 2016 as nondescript but "something every New Yorker can enjoy",[308] and the Chicago Tribune said the same year: "As impressive as the house is, its odd history is equally compelling."[334] Frommer's guidebook gave the house one star out of three, criticizing the lack of original furniture and the small number of rooms on display.[329]

The house's name inspired the monikers of two apartment buildings erected in the area,[335][k] as well as the name of the Hamilton Grange Library on 145th Street.[337] The surrounding neighborhood was also known as Hamilton Grange until the 1930s, when it became known as Hamilton Heights.[337] Additionally, in 1934, a model of the Grange was created for the Museum of the City of New York.[338]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The New York Sun wrote that the estate's western limit was originally the Hudson River,[9] but Mongin & Whidden 1980 stated that the estate was always landlocked.[10]
  2. ^ It is unclear whether Hamilton was born in 1755 or 1757; see also Alexander Hamilton § Notes.[35]
  3. ^ a b c d e 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  4. ^ The renovation cost was recorded in pound sterling as "28 pounds, 7 shillings, 2 pence". Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 16 calculated that this amount in pound sterling was about $70.90.
  5. ^ Hamilton's grandfather's estate was located in Stevenston, Ayrshire.[65][20] An early source attributed the name to Marquis de Lafayette's estate in France, Château de la Grange-Bléneau.[66]
  6. ^ Hamilton bought a total of 17 acres (6.9 ha) from Bradhurst.[45][46] According to one account, Hamilton's estate measured 35 acres and 3+1⁄2 roods, or 1,562,715 square feet (145,181 m2; 15 ha), after all acquisitions were completed.[67]
  7. ^ Although the trees were allegedly gifted by George Washington, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission says that this is unlikely because Washington died before the estate was even acquired.[72]
  8. ^ The Hamiltons had eight children in total, but their firstborn, Philip the first, died before they moved in.[76]
  9. ^ a b c In this article, relative directions are used. The corresponding compass directions, and the former compass directions, are:[12]
    • Front/main elevation – northeast (formerly south at Convent Avenue)
    • Left elevation – southeast (formerly west at Convent Avenue)
    • Rear elevation – southwest (formerly north at Convent Avenue)
    • Right elevation – northwest (formerly east at Convent Avenue)
    At the house's first location, the front elevation faced southwest.[12]
  10. ^ Compass directions of rooms, such as "southeast" and "southwest", are described in relation to the orientation of the house when it was at 287 Convent Avenue. After being relocated to St. Nicholas Park, the southeast corner was reoriented to the north, the southwest corner was reoriented to face west, etc.
  11. ^ Specifically the structures at 476 West 144th Street and at 310 Convent Avenue[336]

Citations edit

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ . National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007.
  3. ^ Torres-Reyes, Ricardo (April 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Hamilton Grange National Memorial" (pdf). National Park Service. and Accompanying photo, exterior, from 1975. (32 KB)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g National Park Service 1995, p. 43.
  5. ^ Kosner, Edward (February 25, 2011). "Book Review: Harlem | Black Gotham | Harlem Is Nowhere". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e Dobnik, Verena (June 8, 2008). "Alexander Hamilton House Moves: Historic Abode Takes 3 Hours to Go 1 Blocks". The Record. Associated Press. p. A.4. ProQuest 426555733.
  7. ^ Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 10.
  8. ^ a b c Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 8.
  9. ^ a b "Famous Hamilton Home.: Still Standing, but the Thirteen Gum Trees Are Gone". The Washington Post. January 25, 1911. p. 6. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 145092334.
  10. ^ a b c d e Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 63.
  11. ^ a b Garb, Maggie (February 25, 2001). "If You're Thinking of Living In/West Harlem; Brownstones in Manhattan, at a Discount". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Dunlap, David W. (February 18, 2008). "Moving the Grange, and Twisting It Around, Too". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925, p. 20.
  14. ^ Gray, Christopher (January 13, 2002). "Streetscapes/West 144th Street Between Amsterdam and Convent Avenues; A Block With an Eyeful of Styles, Colors and Forms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  15. ^ Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 11.
  16. ^ a b c d Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1918). The Iconography of Manhattan Island. Vol. 3. pp. 774, 775 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ a b c Tuttle 1926, p. 563.
  18. ^ a b "Recalls Hamilton Home: the 'Grange' on Convent Avenue Open Daily to Visitors". The New York Times. August 30, 1936. p. RE12. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 101799758.
  19. ^ Mongin & Whidden 1980, p. 34.
  20. ^ a b c Howard & Straus 2012, p. 287.
  21. ^ "Church Cornerstone on Hamilton Grange; Mgr. Mooney Uses Archbishop Corrigan's Silver Trowel. Altar of Our Lady of Lourdes to Rise Near the Thirteen Trees Planted by Alexander Hamilton". The New York Times. May 19, 1902. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
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    • Slesin, Suzanne (May 18, 1989). "From Porticoes to Turrets, Hamilton Heights in a Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
    • Slesin, Suzanne (May 19, 1988). "New Residents, New Life in Hamilton Hts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
  203. ^ Mulcahy, Susan (September 3, 1987). "Inside New York". Newsday. p. 6. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 277808899.
  204. ^ a b c d Duffy, Kathleen (March 6, 1992). "Restoring Hamilton's Home". Newsday. p. 39. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  205. ^ National Park Service 1995, p. 46.
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Sources edit

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  • Foundation Document; Hamilton Grange National Memorial; New York (PDF) (Report). National Park Service. August 2018.
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  • Mongin, Alfred; Whidden, Anne D. (1980). Historic Structures Report: Hamilton Grange National Memorial (PDF) (Report). North Atlantic Historic Preservation Center.
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  • National Park Service (1995). Hamilton Grange National Memorial General Management Plan (GMP): Environmental Impact Statement.
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamilton Grange National Memorial.
  • Official website

February 15, 2024
hamilton, grange, national, memorial, hamilton, grange, redirects, here, library, hamilton, grange, library, also, known, hamilton, grange, grange, historic, house, museum, within, nicholas, park, hamilton, heights, neighborhood, manhattan, york, city, operate. Hamilton Grange redirects here For the library see Hamilton Grange Library Hamilton Grange National Memorial also known as Hamilton Grange or the Grange is a historic house museum within St Nicholas Park in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City Operated by the National Park Service NPS the structure was the only home ever owned by U S Founding Father Alexander Hamilton The house contains exhibits for visitors as well as various rooms with restored 19th century interiors Originally located near present day 143rd Street the house was moved in 1889 to 287 Convent Avenue before being relocated again in 2008 to St Nicholas Park The structure is a New York City designated landmark and a United States national memorial and it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places Hamilton Grange National MemorialU S National Register of Historic PlacesU S National Historic LandmarkU S National MemorialNew York City Landmark No 0317AHamilton Grange in 2019LocationWest 141st Street and Hamilton Terrace Manhattan New YorkCoordinates40 49 17 N 73 56 50 W 40 82139 N 73 94722 W 40 82139 73 94722Built1802ArchitectJohn McComb Jr Architectural styleFederal styleWebsiteHamilton Grange National MemorialNRHP reference No 66000097NYCL No 0317ASignificant datesAdded to NRHPOctober 15 1966 1 Designated NHLDecember 19 1960 2 3 Designated NYCLAugust 2 1967Hamilton acquired land for the estate from Jacob Schieffelin and Samuel Bradhurst starting in 1800 and he commissioned architect John McComb Jr to design a country home there The house was completed in 1802 just two years before Hamilton s death in 1804 The house remained in his family for 30 years afterward and was then sold several times including to the Ward family who occupied the house between 1845 and 1876 The original estate was parceled off and sold in the 1880s and the house was first relocated after St Luke s Episcopal Church bought it in 1889 The church used Hamilton Grange as a chapel and a rectory before selling it to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society ASHPS in 1924 The ASHPS opened the house as a museum in 1930 and handed over operations to the NPS in 1960 For the next four decades the NPS attempted to move the house so the building could be restored The Grange was closed for restoration and relocation between 2006 and 2011 The Grange is a two story frame Federal style house with a ground level basement It is a rectangular structure with porticos on the front and rear facades as well as piazzas to its left and right The basement dates from 2011 and contains the gift shop and exhibits while the other two stories are part of the original house On the first floor are Hamilton s study a parlor a dining room and two additional spaces The second floor was used as bedrooms Most of Hamilton s original belongings were sold after his death to other American institutions and many of the current objects in the house are replicas created in 2011 The Grange has been the subject of architectural commentary over the years and it is the namesake of several structures in the neighborhood Contents 1 Site 2 Use as residence 2 1 Development 2 2 Hamilton occupancy 2 3 Subsequent residents 2 4 Subdivision of the old estate 3 Use by St Luke s Church 3 1 Relocation and 1890s 3 2 1900s to early 1920s 4 Use as museum and memorial 4 1 American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society operation 4 1 1 Establishment of museum 4 1 2 1930s to early 1960s 4 2 National Park Service operation 4 2 1 Takeover and preservation 4 2 2 1970s and 1980s 4 2 3 1990s 4 2 4 2000s renovation 4 2 5 Early 2010s to present 5 Architecture 5 1 Exterior 5 1 1 Facade 5 1 2 Roofs 5 2 Interior 5 2 1 Basement 5 2 2 First floor 5 2 3 Second floor 6 Operation 7 Critical reception 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Notes 9 2 Citations 9 3 Sources 10 External linksSite editThe house is located in the Hamilton Heights and Sugar Hill sections of the neighborhood of Harlem in Manhattan New York City 4 It has occupied three sites in the neighborhood throughout its history 5 all within the bounds of U S Founding Father Alexander Hamilton s original estate 6 The estate was part of section IX of what was known as Jochem Pieter s Hills John Delavall bought lot IX in 1691 and sold the southern half of the lot to Samuel Kelly or Kelley who then sold that site to druggist Jacob Schieffelin in 1799 Schieffelin s parcel was bounded by the Hudson River to the west 140th Street to the south St Nicholas Avenue to the east and 145th Street to the north 7 The Bloomingdale Road bisected Schieffelin s parcel into western and eastern plots Hamilton s estate the Grange occupied the eastern plot 8 a The Grange name extended across much of the surrounding area which remained largely rural until the late 19th century 11 The first site was near present day 143rd Street 12 13 at the center of Hamilton s estate 14 It occupied a small plateau that existed on the estate 15 This site stood approximately 60 feet 18 m 16 or 75 feet 23 m west of modern day Convent Avenue 13 17 18 There were also some outbuildings to the east between what is now Hamilton Terrace and Convent Avenue These included a barn chicken house and shed as well as a spring house atop one of two now infilled streams on the site where butter and milk were stored 19 20 The house s original site is occupied by the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Lourdes which was built starting in 1902 21 and is itself a New York City designated landmark 22 The second site was at 287 Convent Avenue approximately 250 feet 76 m 23 or 350 feet 110 m south of the original location 24 25 The house occupied this location from 1889 to 2008 26 It was located on the east side of the avenue 13 and sloped down significantly to the east toward Hamilton Terrace 27 East of the house was a 5 400 square foot 500 m2 lawn owned by St Luke s Episcopal Church 28 After the house was moved in 2008 children planted a flower garden at 287 Convent Avenue 29 The third and current site is at 414 West 141st Street at the southern end of Hamilton Terrace 30 31 The house is within St Nicholas Park 500 feet 150 m south of the second site 26 The current site abuts the campus of City College of New York CCNY a unit of the City University of New York 32 The parcel covers nearly 1 acre 4 000 m2 25 33 and consists of a plateau measuring no more than 50 to 60 feet 15 to 18 m wide 34 Use as residence editAlexander Hamilton was born in 1755 1757 b on Nevis and went to study at King s College now part of Columbia University in New York City at the age of 16 36 37 During his career Hamilton was a military officer lawyer and author of some of The Federalist Papers He also married Elizabeth Schuyler in 1780 just after the American Revolutionary War and served as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury in 1789 37 After Hamilton retired as Treasury Secretary in 1795 his family occupied various houses in Manhattan 38 by 1798 they were renting a country house in Harlem from their brother in law John Barker Church 39 40 Until then Alexander Hamilton had never owned a house 41 In late 1798 Hamilton wrote to his wife Eliza that he was planning a project in New York City the details of which he was keeping secret 39 42 During the Quasi War of 1798 1800 Hamilton served as Inspector General of the United States Army trying to fend off a war against France as such he could not devote time to his project 43 He wrote a letter to the merchant Ebenezer Stevens in October 1799 offering to buy a parcel adjoining Stevens s land from Jacob Schieffelin 43 44 Hamilton had wanted the plot west of the Bloomingdale Road but Schieffelin would only sell the plot to the east of the road 8 Hamilton bought the eastern site on August 2 1800 paying 4 000 for a plot of 15 acres 6 1 ha 8 13 45 That September he bought 3 acres 1 2 ha to the north of his existing parcel 46 from Samuel Bradhurst 47 48 Hamilton also acquired the rights to fish in the nearby rivers and hunt game in the woodlands of Upper Manhattan 49 He and his wife s family the Schuyler family had been developing plans for a permanent house for nearly two years at that point 50 Development edit After officially acquiring the Schieffelin site Alexander Eliza and their seven children moved into an existing farmhouse on the site Alexander hired architect John McComb Jr to remodel that house for an estimated 70 90 equivalent to 1 223 in 2022 c d 50 McComb had at the time just designed Gracie Mansion and was in a competition to design New York City Hall 41 Hamilton also commissioned McComb to design a country home on the estate 51 52 Eliza s father Philip Schuyler tried and failed to hire a contractor from Albany New York delaying the construction of the permanent house by a year 53 Ultimately Ezra Weeks was hired to build the house 51 53 Hamilton had defended Weeks s brother in a murder trial two years earlier 54 Weeks and McComb drew up a proposal for the house dated June 22 1801 in which they divided the work between them 55 Weeks probably began excavating the foundation in late 1801 and he first billed Hamilton in December of that year After Weeks excavated the site and built the foundation and frame McComb probably commenced his portion of the work in May or June 1802 56 Timber in the mansion was sourced from the grounds of the General Schuyler House in Saratoga New York 49 57 The house was mostly done by mid 1802 although some work such as painting continued through February 1803 46 41 Hamilton wrote a letter to Eliza in late 1803 requesting alterations to an ice house on the site 58 59 In total the house and surrounding structures cost 17 972 06 equivalent to 367 550 in 2022 excluding lumber that Philip Schuyler gave to Alexander as a gift 60 Hamilton s friends estimated that the house cost as much as 25 000 61 Hamilton occupancy edit nbsp The Hamilton family moved into the house in August 1802 46 The Hamilton family moved into the house in August 1802 46 Known as the Grange the estate was named after the estate of Hamilton s grandfather in Scotland 62 63 64 e Hamilton acquired another parcel from Bradhurst in January 1803 bringing his total acquisition to 32 acres 13 ha 45 46 f The house was the only residence that Hamilton owned in his lifetime 62 63 Hamilton wishing to landscape the area around the house consulted physician David Hosack for guidance 68 69 Hamilton planted a circle of 13 sweet gum trees symbolizing the Thirteen Colonies 70 71 68 g and he also planted a circular flower bed 68 Though early 20th century sources described him as an avid farmer and gardener 69 73 he had very little free time and described the house itself as his hobby 46 Hamilton worked in Lower Manhattan a three hour round trip from his estate 74 75 he traveled to his law office by stagecoach several times a week 63 His house was close to the Albany Post Road which led directly to Lower Manhattan 73 75 Hamilton also had a second residence in Lower Manhattan and his wife maintained the Grange during his absences 75 Details of Hamilton s life at the Grange are known only from accounts written by his relatives friends and followers The historians Alfred Mongin and Anne D Whidden wrote that the Grange housed not only the Hamiltons and their seven children h but also the children of friends or family 76 The Schuyler family to whom the Hamiltons were especially close were frequent visitors as were Alexander s friends Gouverneur Morris and Rufus King 45 77 78 The Hamiltons also hosted other guests such as jurist James Kent and French royal Jerome Bonaparte 77 During the winter the family stayed in a house on Fulton Street in Lower Manhattan 75 Hamilton lived at the house for two years dying after his duel with Aaron Burr on July 11 1804 63 71 Although he had been a successful lawyer Hamilton was essentially land poor when he died 79 His legal estate was in significant debt because of the Grange s high cost 80 81 his account books showed that he spent 11 840 27 equivalent to 231 385 in 2022 c in six months 81 82 The Grange estate was secured for about 20 000 an amount that included liens on the actual property and a consortium was formed to control the legal estate 83 One writer said that going into debt to maintain his station gives a hint of Hamilton s life 84 Archibald Gracie bought the house at auction in 1805 for 30 000 16 83 and set up a trust to take over the estate 20 83 The purchase price excluded approximately 7 600 in mortgage loans that Hamilton had received from the site s previous owners Schieffelin and Bradhurst 83 Eliza Hamilton took title to the Grange on July 6 1805 but Hamilton s legal estate still owed about 55 000 which was only repaid after additional land had been sold off 85 The last debts on the house were paid off in 1808 85 During the 1810s Eliza Hamilton received land and payment from the federal government to compensate for her husband s military service 85 Eliza is recorded as having sent correspondence from the Grange through at least 1819 86 Although a 20th century source describes the family as having rented out the house 87 a 1980 study did not find records of Eliza renting the Grange 86 Subsequent residents edit nbsp Drawing of the original Grange before 1889Eliza Hamilton is recorded as having sold the Grange in 1833 at the time the estate covered over 32 acres 13 ha 86 The house was sold for 25 000 equivalent to 758 000 in 2022 c 86 87 88 The buyer a banker named Moses Henriques 10 also assumed a 9 000 mortgage that had been placed on the property 86 Henriques promptly sold the house to real estate speculator Theodore E Davis who resold it to Isaac G Pearson in 1835 for 52 511 equivalent to 1 490 000 in 2022 c Pearson put up the house as collateral for a 15 000 mortgage loan given to Samuel Ward 87 10 The latter took over ownership of the house in 1845 17 10 The family of Ward s brother the lawyer William G Ward moved into the house Although William Ward died in 1848 his widow and the families of his sons continued to live there during the summer 10 By the mid 1850s the area was still rural although gradually densifying The house was accessed only by a driveway that led to the former King s Bridge Road and there was a stable to the rear and a lawn in front of the house 89 Although the views to the north and south were blocked by higher ground and trees respectively the house overlooked the Hudson River to the west and the Harlem River East River and Long Island Sound to the east 90 The oldest known picture of the house was taken around 1864 when the Ward family still lived in the house 91 The Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank took over the house in 1876 after foreclosing on the property 87 91 At the time the Wards owed 53 402 equivalent to 1 468 000 in 2022 c 91 The house was sold for 312 500 in 1879 equivalent to 9 815 000 in 2022 88 91 92 The buyer Anthony Mowbray resold the house for the same amount to William H DeForest his client and business partner 91 92 the month afterward 93 The New York Times wrote in 1880 that the house had fallen into disrepair At the time two good natured Irish families occupied the premises and allowed visitors to look at the house 94 The DeForest family removed some mantels and mirrors 95 One observer writing in 1886 said the Third Avenue Cable Railroad now ran right outside the house and the stone fence around the estate was crumbling 95 Another account stated that none of the original furniture remained 96 Subdivision of the old estate edit When DeForest acquired the Grange estate he intended to divide it into parcels 17 91 The estate was thus split up into 300 land lots 25 91 97 the Times described the remaining portion of the estate in 1880 as covering 8 or 10 acres 3 2 or 4 0 ha 94 By the mid 1880s the house was in danger of being demolished to make way for the Manhattan street grid which had just reached Harlem 98 99 The site had been condemned since it was in the path of 143rd Street 25 74 in particular the street ran through the northwest corner of the house 99 Had the house not been moved the street would have cut through the porches diagonally 49 Most of the streets in the neighborhood except for 143rd Street had been laid out by 1884 100 The Manhattan street grid had been built through the rest of the old estate by 1920 101 and Hamilton Place which followed the old Bloomingdale Road remained intact 101 72 The opening of the Third Avenue Cable Railroad on what is now Amsterdam Avenue had spurred development in the area 102 The plots that comprised the Hamilton Grange estate were offered for sale in late 1887 103 104 and many lots were sold on the condition that they remain in residential use 97 Real estate developer Amos Cotting acquired the lots south of 143rd Street 74 99 The remainder of the original estate was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the construction of the New York City Subway s first line spurred development in the area 11 The neighborhood was initially known as Hamilton Grange 102 The estate s sweet gum trees were enclosed by a fence in the 1880s when they started to die 49 The trees were supposed to be sold in early 1892 105 but O B Potter bought the site preserving the trees 106 107 They were placed for sale again in 1898 101 108 and the few remaining trunks were felled in 1908 16 73 Use by St Luke s Church editSt Luke s Episcopal Church which was based in Greenwich Village but whose congregation had moved uptown was looking for a new site in 1888 99 109 The church s rector Isaac Henry Tuttle looked at several lots in Upper Manhattan until he came across a site at the corner of Convent Avenue and 141st Street within the boundary of the original Hamilton Grange 99 One of his old congregants offered 5 000 to move the congregation there 109 The church agreed in late 1888 to buy the lots on the northeastern corner of that intersection 99 110 After Tuttle saw the Grange while visiting his recent acquisition he contacted Cotting who decided to give the house to the congregation for use as a temporary chapel 111 112 The house was one of a few remaining late 17th and early 18th century mansions in Upper Manhattan at the time 113 Relocation and 1890s edit nbsp With church 1893In November 1888 St Luke s submitted an application to the New York City Department of Buildings DOB requesting that the house be relocated and the DOB approved the request the next month At the time the house was recorded as occupying an irregular lot of 125 by 200 by 100 feet 38 by 61 by 30 m 99 The church moved the house to 287 Convent Avenue approximately 250 feet 76 m south of the original location 23 the house itself traveled about 500 feet 150 m 114 115 Relocation commenced on December 5 1888 and a subsequent renovation of the house was finished by the end of June 1889 116 The original front and rear porches were removed and the front porch was moved to the western or left side of the house 74 116 Even so the building protruded slightly into the Rockefeller family s property to the north 117 At its new site the house was set back 33 feet 10 m from the street 118 After the house was relocated the interior stairs and some partitions were also modified 119 St Luke s initially used the house for services 74 holding its first service there on April 28 1889 119 120 The octagonal rooms in the middle of the house were converted into a chapel 119 118 By 1890 St Luke s was planning to erect a church building on part of its site 121 St Luke s erected a Richardsonian Romanesque building to the south between 1892 and 1895 which wrapped around the house slightly 23 Part of the Grange was shaved off to accommodate the new building 24 122 St Luke s used the house as a rectory after the first part of the new building opened on December 18 1892 119 and the rector prepared his sermons in the house s large rooms 123 By 1894 the house had developed severe structural issues for example it needed a new roof 119 124 Although members of St Luke s congregation believed it would be more cost effective to just demolish the house Tuttle thought that the building could be repaired 119 125 The new roof cost 1 500 equivalent to 51 000 in 2022 119 126 After the roof was repaired Tuttle set aside two of the rooms for the church and related organizations 126 Following Tuttle s death in 1896 a day school leased part of the mansion 119 125 127 The day school operated by Ella K Morgan occupied either the first story or the basement 119 1900s to early 1920s edit A decade after the first relocation of Hamilton Grange there were attempts to relocate it again to a more pastoral setting 74 A bill in the New York State Senate was introduced in early 1900 providing 50 000 for the state government to acquire Hamilton Grange s original site and relocate the house there 128 129 Alexander Hamilton Post pushed for the introduction of another State Senate bill in 1901 125 allowing the New York City government to acquire the house and maintain it 66 130 The 1901 bill failed but efforts to preserve the house continued 125 A companion bill to the 1900 legislation providing 50 000 for the state to take over the house was introduced in the New York State Assembly in 1903 131 One newspaper estimated that it would cost 150 000 to convert the original site to a park 132 The local board of improvement voted in favor of the relocation at the beginning of 1905 133 but the state legislature voted against acquiring the house 134 The Daughters of the American Revolution DAR placed a commemorative tablet on the house s steps in 1907 16 135 and the DAR also pressured the city government to acquire the house to officially preserve it 136 Although the state legislature passed a law in 1908 which permitted the city government to take over the house and relocate it to St Nicholas Park the house remained in place 118 Morgan s day school operated in the house until 1909 when her lease was canceled 127 Afterward the house s facade was painted in 1909 101 The interior was refurbished and repurposed with offices and meeting rooms on the first floor and living spaces for the rector and curate on the second floor 101 137 Further changes to the interior were made in 1914 when the offices in the rear became a kitchen and maid s bedroom the meeting spaces in the octagonal rooms became a parlor and a dining room and the basement was converted to living space for the sexton s family 138 In addition the facade was again painted and the site was landscaped 101 138 Edward Hagaman Hall executive secretary of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society ASHPS began negotiating with St Luke s Church in 1912 to take over the house and preserve it St Luke s rector G Ashton Oldham was reluctant to give away Hamilton Grange but considered selling it for at least 30 000 139 These discussions were truncated due to the onset of World War I 139 140 Other organizations including the Sons of the American Revolution and the Grand Army of the Republic also sought to buy the house 112 A six story apartment building was completed in the early 1920s to the north 4 139 thereby enclosing the house 52 141 St Luke s began to perceive the house as a liability over the years 142 and the Hamilton Society of Chicago proposed relocating the house to that city in the early 1920s 65 143 The ASHPS opposed the house s relocation to Chicago 144 and resumed its advocacy for the house s preservation 65 143 A writer for The New York Times said in the mid 1920s that the relocation of the house was worse than if a portion of the house had remained in its original location 145 Use as museum and memorial editAmerican Scenic and Historic Preservation Society operation edit Establishment of museum edit nbsp Interior of the Grange s dining roomThe ASHPS bought the Grange in November 1924 144 after anonymous donors paid 50 000 for the house 57 65 The donors later revealed as bankers George Fisher Baker and J P Morgan Jr 142 139 also established a 50 000 trust fund to pay for upkeep 139 146 The ASHPS planned to convert the house into a museum 49 147 and it appointed a committee of several people including two of Hamilton s descendants to collect memorabilia for the museum 147 At the time the Grange was the only remaining building associated with Hamilton his law office and residences in Lower Manhattan had been replaced while his home in Weehawken New Jersey had been demolished 49 The house s wallpaper and woodwork had been restored and many of the other interior decorations remained unchanged from when Hamilton occupied the house 147 In the long run the ASHPS planned to move the house elsewhere so it could be restored fully 148 149 The society wanted to raise money for a renovation but still did not have sufficient funds by 1928 150 it hoped to raise 125 000 151 The ASHPS launched a fundraising campaign in early 1929 152 and renovated the roof the same year 149 Further renovations took place between 1932 and 1933 when electricity was installed and one side of the house was painted 149 153 The balustrades were also removed to allow the repainting of the three other facades which was never completed due to a lack of money 149 The house opened to the public in 1933 149 154 Furniture and decorative objects associated with the Hamilton family were displayed there 155 1930s to early 1960s edit Initially the house was open to the public every day and did not charge admission fees 18 In early 1934 the DAR s Washington Heights chapter moved into a room on the second floor 156 157 With the ASHPS s permission the DAR redecorated one of the house s living rooms 158 A statue of Hamilton by William Ordway Partridge was relocated from the Hamilton Club of Brooklyn after the club closed in 1936 4 149 159 and it was dedicated outside the Grange that October 160 By the early 1940s numerous people were donating Colonial memorabilia to the museum regardless of whether the objects were related to Hamilton 142 As early as 1949 there were proposals to move the house to a park although local real estate developers opposed the move 161 By then the house was dilapidated some of the upstairs rooms did not have any furnishings and the facade needed to be repainted 162 As early as 1950 the ASHPS was asking New York City park commissioner Robert Moses to relocate the Grange to Claremont Park where the Claremont Inn was being razed 163 At the time the group s members felt that the Grange had degraded to a shabby condition 164 The city government asked the state legislature in 1955 to move the house to the City College of New York CCNY s campus 165 as that site was close to buses and the subway 146 Had the house been moved to CCNY the campus s gates would have had to be disassembled 166 The New York State Assembly passed a bill that March to permit the house s relocation to the CCNY campus 167 and governor W Averell Harriman approved the bill the next month 168 The society planned to ask local banks for 400 000 because Hamilton had helped establish the modern U S banking system 146 During a 1957 tour of the house Assembly member Mildred F Taylor found that the building was in poor condition and that it was closed during the midday 169 The Grange had still not been relocated by early 1958 and the ASHPS was raising 375 000 to move the house to the CCNY campus 170 Largely white philanthropists also wished to relocate the house southward away from the majority black Hamilton Heights neighborhood 171 and there were also proposals to move the house to Riverside Park or the Cloisters 74 172 Ultimately no action was taken on any of the relocation proposals 172 Preservationists also proposed relocating the apartment building that abutted the house to its north 172 By the early 1960s the house saw few visitors but was targeted by thieves on several occasions 146 The house was deteriorating and had a single worn down plaque commemorating its status 173 National Park Service operation edit Takeover and preservation edit nbsp The Convent Avenue location of the homeIn May 1960 U S Senator Jacob Javits introduced a bill in Congress to designate Hamilton Grange as a national memorial 115 174 and the Grange was designated a National Historic Landmark that December 175 The United States Department of the Interior approved the creation of the Hamilton Grange National Memorial on the condition that the city donate land within the CCNY campus for the house s relocation 176 Congress authorized the national memorial in early 1962 177 mandating that the property be relocated before a restoration could take place 24 178 That May U S President John F Kennedy signed a bill to create the memorial authorizing the National Park Service NPS to take over the site from the ASHPS 179 180 Javits and U S Representative John V Lindsay estimated that it would cost the federal government 300 000 400 000 to restore the Grange 181 When Congress had designated the national memorial it had appropriated 460 000 for the house s restoration 114 182 of which 282 000 was for the relocation 114 183 A study by the ASHPS indicated that the house was structurally sound 179 184 and another report showed that the building could be moved if it were split into two pieces 179 Despite these reports visitors were advised not to lean on railings or use the stairs to the east and there were holes in the floor and ceiling 182 The NPS requested bids to relocate the house in June 1964 but the cheapest bid was for 417 000 114 and the CCNY site was ultimately rejected due to the high cost of relocation 185 Local residents organized in opposition to the relocation 185 186 and St Luke s rector David Johnson did not want the house to be moved unless it was adjacent to the church 182 Ultimately various attempts to relocate the site failed due to local opposition 178 The New York Daily News wrote that while other historical sites in the city were deteriorating because of neglect the Grange was crumbling because too many people were interested in its preservation 185 Hamilton Grange was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 1966 187 4 the day the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 went into effect 74 188 The house was partially restored during the mid 1960s 189 reopening in 1967 190 191 At the time many of the house s original artifacts were stored in Sagamore Hill 189 190 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC designated the house as a city landmark in August 1967 191 192 In its designation report the LPC recommended moving the building to St Nicholas Park so it could be fully restored 25 1970s and 1980s edit Local civic groups such as the Hamilton Heights Homeowners Association used the house for meetings during the late 20th century 4 A mayoral committee published a report in 1972 recommending that the NPS take action to attract visitors to five historic sites in Manhattan including the Grange 193 194 The report suggested that the house could be used to educate black students and that it could be renovated if Congress appropriated 500 000 195 The house was designated as part of the Hamilton Heights Historic District in 1974 196 The Hamilton statue outside the house was cleaned in 1978 197 The Grange was closed for an extensive renovation in 1979 198 During its closure the house was repeatedly broken into although all the items in the house had been cleared out before the renovation 199 The firm of Meadows Woll Architects was hired in 1980 to study the feasibility of moving the Grange 4 and the NPS commissioned a 600 page study of the house 32 The house reopened in July 1983 after the renovation was finished 198 In 1986 the NPS decided to close all national memorials and monuments in Manhattan on Sundays including Hamilton Grange 200 The NPS announced in 1987 that the house would remain in place and would be renovated for 3 million 201 By then the house was completely bare except for two side chairs and a piano in the octagonal rooms Due to local opposition to the relocation U S Representative Charles Rangel wanted to change the law authorizing the Hamilton Grange National Memorial allowing the house to be restored at Convent Avenue 166 Local groups hosted tours of the house to raise money for the project 202 and the New York Post also agreed to donate some money for the house s renovation 203 1990s edit By the early 1990s the house had decayed significantly due to neglect and inclement weather 204 At the time it had 40 50 thousand 204 or 70 thousand visitors per year 52 Visitation was limited by the fact that there was no parking or wheelchair access although the site was accessible via bus and subway 205 Georgette Nelms the superintendent of NPS sites in Manhattan began looking for contractors to stabilize the house s foundation in 1991 206 Severe deterioration forced the NPS to close the home to the public entirely in 1992 74 52 Early that year workers commenced the first phase of a four part renovation which included repainting the facade replacing the roof and fixing masonry and woodwork 204 Rangel obtained a 750 000 federal appropriation for this work 204 207 and he successfully requested another 1 million from the United States Congress that October 208 The Hamilton Heights Homeowners Association held tours of historic houses in the area to raise money for the Grange s restoration 209 The Grange had few visitors and according to Rangel got less attention than Grant s Tomb 178 The NPS proposed moving Hamilton Grange in early 1993 74 and it held five panel discussions about the relocation during that year 210 Some local residents said the planned relocation of the Grange would disrupt the community 210 211 one group of opponents collected 1 200 signatures for a petition against the plan 211 while another group demonstrated outside the house 212 The NPS planned to build a community center on the Convent Avenue site but opponents remained skeptical 52 Other local residents and Manhattan Community Board 9 supported the plan stating that the relocation would turn the Grange into a tourist attraction and would allow Hamilton Grange to be restored 213 Supporters of the relocation said the Grange could not be restored at the Convent Avenue site 23 Community Board 9 voted in March 1994 to let the relocation proceed allowing the NPS to form a community group for the project and request 10 6 million from the federal government 214 By 1995 the NPS was planning to seek 11 million from Congress 215 The NPS indicated that it would move the mansion to St Nicholas Park 216 217 which not only allowed the house to be placed in a rustic setting but also occupied part of Hamilton s original estate 12 A visitor center would have been built on the Convent Avenue site as part of the project 218 Congress gave around 1 5 million for the relocation although the house needed another 9 7 million to fund the full project 219 The relocation process was delayed because the NPS did not have control of the St Nicholas Park site in the meantime the agency spent 400 000 to stabilize the mansion 217 The NPS announced in January 1998 that it would reopen three of Hamilton Grange s rooms for three days a week The agency wanted to increase the public s interest in the house before the mansion was relocated 216 A State Senate bill to approve the house s relocation stalled because it was sponsored by a Democrat while the Senate was controlled by Republicans 220 New York governor George Pataki signed the bill in October 1999 allowing the New York City government to give the NPS an easement within St Nicholas Park to permit the Grange s relocation 25 221 2000s renovation editU S Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan wrote a letter to the NPS about the mansion s deplorable conditions in March 2000 222 and both houses of Congress passed legislation in late 2000 to permit the relocation 223 The NPS allocated 11 million to relocate the building in 2003 24 Upon the 200th anniversary of the duel that killed Hamilton in July 2004 the house recorded about 1 000 monthly visitors 224 Hamilton Grange was closed to the public on May 7 2006 225 to undergo architectural testing in preparation for relocating the house to St Nicholas Park 64 226 227 Because the house was so tightly hemmed in by other buildings the southern section of the house was disassembled first 225 John G Waite Associates and Skidmore Owings amp Merrill were hired to draw up plans for a renovation of the Grange 225 228 The New York City government hoped that the relocation and renovation would attract visitors 229 nbsp Hamilton Grange at St Nicholas Park in October 2009The building was raised on hydraulic jacks over 20 days in 2008 with wood cribbing installed under the foundation 230 Hamilton Grange was raised to a height of about 35 feet 11 m 231 or 40 feet 12 m 6 232 The house was then moved on rollers to wooden stilts in the middle of Convent Avenue 230 233 the stilts were disassembled leaving the house resting on nine dollies by the end of May 2008 234 The NPS hired Wolfe House and Building Movers of Pennsylvania 6 234 because that firm could move the house in one piece 230 Since the house was to be rolled down a six percent slope four brakes were placed on each dolly to prevent the house from rolling away 234 The house was then fitted with interior bracing and was wrapped in chains 230 233 The statue in front of the house was placed in storage 232 and later reinstalled in front of St Luke s Church 235 Before the house was to be moved there were disagreements and legal disputes about its orientation 236 The NPS planned to rotate the house 180 degrees so it faced northeast if the house retained its original southwest orientation it would face a cliff in St Nicholas Park 12 237 Everything in the house s path such as street lamps and overhead wires also had to be removed before the relocation took place 238 On June 7 2008 the house was rolled half a block south on Convent Avenue and then one block east on 141st Street to the new St Nicholas Park location over six hours 6 239 David W Dunlap of The New York Times calculated its speed over the 500 feet at 04 mph 26 240 A group known as the Friends of Hamilton Grange filed a lawsuit over the house s orientation just after the house was moved but before it was placed on its foundation 239 241 The New York Daily News reported that the relocation itself comprised approximately two fifths of the renovation project s planned 8 4 million cost 231 232 In mid June a federal judge threw out the Friends of Hamilton Grange s lawsuit ruling that the house might be damaged even more if it were rotated to face southwest 242 After the house was secured to its new foundation workers began restoring it 243 The federal government provided another 3 million in funding through a stimulus package 178 The piazzas were rebuilt and the main entrance was restored at its original position 244 245 Restoration architects spent 18 months consulting documents to ensure that the restoration was historically accurate 245 The grounds were landscaped with 13 sweet gum trees a stone wall a circular rose garden and paths 32 The renovation also included new electrical and mechanical systems 246 and Fallon and Wilkinson were hired to create replicas of the original furniture 244 During the renovation contractors rediscovered some of the original materials using them to rebuild some of the original details 245 238 The project cost 14 5 million in total 245 247 Early 2010s to present edit nbsp Patio of the restored houseThe Grange reopened to the general public on September 17 2011 245 248 A ceremony was held with Hamilton descendants in attendance and tours of the restored interiors 32 249 At the time of the reopening only some of the first floor rooms had been restored while the second floor was closed 178 246 NPS officials said that other parts of the Grange had not been restored because of a paucity of documentation 178 In the renovated house a visitor center is located in the entirely newly constructed basement floor 32 250 Fergus M Bordewich wrote in The Wall Street Journal that the relocated house will gaze out from its perch over one of the most vibrant black neighborhoods in America namely Hamilton Heights 251 The house saw 21 000 annual visitors by 2014 252 Hamilton Grange s popularity increased significantly after the Broadway musical Hamilton opened in 2015 252 253 and many people who saw the musical went to the Grange afterward 254 The house saw 35 000 visitors in 2015 and another 35 000 in the first five months of 2016 252 with a record 85 603 in 2017 255 Architecture editJohn McComb Jr designed Hamilton Grange in the Federal style 256 257 it is one of the only remaining residential buildings with which he was involved 258 259 The Grange differed significantly from most of McComb s other designs which generally were either designed in the Georgian style or resembled more typical Federal buildings In contrast to other Federal style structures the Grange s architectural elements were resized to emphasize different aspects of the facade such as its height one report referred to the design as squat and somewhat clumsy 260 At the time of the Grange s construction McComb was still experimenting with architectural styles 261 Although McComb largely designed the house based on Alexander s wishes Eliza and her father Philip also influenced the design drawing on their experiences living in the Schuyler Mansion in Albany 262 No extant elevation drawings for the house have been identified but parts of the design may be derived from pattern books and from other buildings 263 Design features such as archways and octagonal rooms may have been inspired by the Morris Jumel Mansion at what is now 160th Street 261 Other influences may have included Robert Morris s 1759 book Selected Architecture 258 as well as the interior of a pavilion at Kedleston Hall in Derbyshire England 263 The house is two stories tall with a ground level basement 243 264 It weighs approximately 298 short tons 266 long tons 270 t 231 232 The front elevation of the facade which contains the main entrance faced west southwest at its original location 12 257 265 and south at its Convent Avenue location 258 The front elevation was reoriented to the northeast when it was moved to St Nicholas Park 12 i As built the house had a rectangular plan 266 measuring 46 5 by 50 feet 14 2 by 15 2 m 142 265 A piazza extends the whole widths of the left and right elevations while the front and rear elevations each had a portico 257 265 266 i The original main entrance on the front elevation was restored when the house was moved to St Nicholas Park 12 Exterior edit Facade edit nbsp Right facade of the Grange at nightWhen the Grange was at its original location its foundation was made of ashlar sandstone 267 A rubblestone foundation was built at Convent Avenue when the house was first relocated 268 Another foundation with a basement was constructed in St Nicholas Park when the house was moved a second time The basement at St Nicholas Park is at ground level 243 264 On the first and second stories the main facade uses flush siding while the rear facade uses clapboard siding 269 Flush siding is also used on the lower parts of the left and right elevations and clapboard siding is used on the upper sections of these elevations In addition there are trim boards at each corner of the house as well as sill boards on the front and rear elevations 270 Most of the windows in the house are double hung sash windows There are protruding triple hung bay windows on the left and right elevations sheltered by the piazzas 271 as well as a tripartite window directly above the main facade s entrance 272 The windows are flanked by different types of shutters the panels on the double hung windows shutters are flush with the facade while those on the triple hung windows shutters are recessed 273 Above the second story an entablature designed with elements of the Doric order runs across the entire facade of the main house 274 275 Additional entablatures run horizontally across the tops of the piazzas 276 The original front portico was flanked by two pairs of Doric columns and had Douglas fir floors and redwood balustrades 277 It was accessed by a wooden stair that originally ascended half a story 258 the stair had been rebuilt at least three times by the 1980s 278 The front entrance door is designed in the Federal style with sidelights on either side and there is a semicircular transom window above the door 275 279 There are two pairs of pilasters on either side of the door 277 When the building was relocated to 287 Convent Avenue one of the side entrances was converted into the main entrance while the original front door was sealed off 74 277 The rear portico was demolished at that time and the front portico and entrance door were moved to the left elevation 280 The two porticos were restored to their original positions in 2011 281 243 The piazzas on the left and right elevations i are similar in design with splined fir floorboards and Douglas fir balustrades Each piazza is surrounded by six freestanding columns and two engaged columns which are all designed in the Doric order and support a small roof 27 When the house was located at 287 Convent Avenue the main entrance was through the left elevation 265 279 Because the site sloped down to the east there was a lower gallery and a subbasement beneath the right piazza which at the time faced east The lower gallery was supported by square Idaho white pine columns and had Douglas fir floorboards 27 There were also brownstone blocks below the left piazza which faced west 278 When the house was moved to St Nicholas Park both of the piazzas were elevated above the ground level basement 243 264 Roofs edit The main section of the house is covered by a gently sloping hip roof 282 283 The roof was surrounded by a carved wood balustrade which was installed at an unknown date and removed by the 1930s 284 The roof is supported by four sets of rafters which are divided into lower and upper portions The lower portions of each rafter were likely built along with the rest of the house while the upper portions were probably added in 1835 when the roof was raised The 1980 architectural report indicates that the roof was originally topped by a flat deck 283 The main roof was likely covered by a solid lead flashing which was replaced in 1894 by a tinplate covering and in 1929 by a standing seam metal roof 122 There are copper gutters at the edges of the roof 285 The roof is topped by two non functional wooden chimneys and two symmetrical brick chimneys that do work 282 266 275 The wooden chimneys are at the front of the house while the brick chimneys at the rear Both sets of chimneys were repaired in the late 1970s 286 The placement of the chimneys influenced the interior design as the fireplaces in the basement and on the first and second floors had to be built atop each other 287 The piazzas on either side of the house originally had nearly flat roofs with a slope of about 1 24 122 which were covered with red tinplate 288 Hip roofs with steeper slopes were installed in the mid 19th century likely to improve drainage 289 During the mid 19th century modifications the piazzas ceilings were lowered and rebuilt out of plaster and wooden lath 288 When St Luke s Church was built in the 1890s the front part of the left hand piazza facing the church to the south was removed 122 The roofs were covered with sheet copper in 1929 288 Carved wood balustrades also surrounded the piazza roofs but were removed by the 1930s 284 When the original roofs were restored in the late 1970s the roofs of the piazzas were covered with stainless steel In addition Douglas fir boards were installed on the piazzas ceilings matching the design of the original piazzas ceilings 288 There are stainless steel gutters at the edges of the piazzas and portico s roofs 285 Interior edit The house was built with 18 rooms 231 232 The first floor included the house s public rooms where guests were entertained while the second floor had private living areas such as bedrooms 258 Both floors had five rooms plus a hallway and the first floor also has a passageway 290 The first and second stories are connected by a staircase which was originally on the left side of the house but was moved to the front when the Grange was first relocated 258 291 There is also a staircase from the second floor to the attic and there may have been a stair from the first floor to the basement although no evidence of the latter exists 291 The house was first equipped with running water in 1845 electricity in 1933 and security systems in 1980 It was heated by a coal fired boiler between 1933 and 1967 when gas heating was introduced 292 Throughout the house are decorations with Adam style influences 53 293 The Grange s first floor second floor and attic are supported by a wood frame with interior partitions joists and studs Brick nogging and plaster coating were used to insulate the house 294 Ceiling joists and studs were covered with lath that was then coated with plaster 295 Six types of plaster cornices were installed around the house 296 though most of the cornices are plain 295 Doors window frames and baseboards have a wide variety of millwork decorations 293 296 while the floor is generally made of spruce planks 296 There are several fireplaces with marble or wooden mantels 293 297 Three types of doors and four types of windows were used throughout the house 298 Except for the fireplaces and an arch on the first floor the interior has a plain design 299 Basement edit An account from the mid 19th century indicated that the original basement was used for culinary purposes 90 with a kitchen and two fireplaces 291 This basement was demolished after the house was first relocated 291 When the house was moved to Convent Avenue a basement was built beneath the original house with four windows facing east The basement included a stair hall at the southwest front left corner storage rooms at the southeast and northeast corners a kitchen under the center of the west facade a bathroom and electrical closet at the northwest corner 300 By the 1990s the basement had an information desk a meeting and theater space an exhibition space restrooms and a bookstore 301 There was also a sub basement with a boiler a heater and storage space 301 302 Though the sub basement was at the same height as the ground at the eastern end of the site there were no doors leading outside and all the windows were sealed before 1978 302 The modern day basement has a theater and exhibition space 243 There is also a visitor center which occupies space that corresponds to the original basement s ironing room and kitchen 32 First floor edit nbsp View of the pentagonal foyerThe original main stairway was to the left of the main entrance 303 The stair led up to the second floor and down to the basement 304 When the house was moved to Convent Avenue the entry and stair hall were moved to the southwest front left corner of the first floor 305 measuring 12 67 by 23 75 feet 4 by 7 m wide 265 At Convent Avenue part of the ceiling was removed to make way for a staircase which blocked the original front entrance 293 305 The entry and stair halls have three archways with floral bas reliefs two lead to octagonal rooms behind them while the third leads to Hamilton s study to the right 305 A pentagonal apse or foyer connects the stair hall to the two octagonal rooms 305 306 The modern day stair is to the left of the foyer but the staircase has been relocated so it does not block the original front entrance 306 At the front right corner of the house is Hamilton s study 90 306 also known as the southeast room j 307 This room measures about 12 67 by 12 67 feet 4 by 4 m across 265 it was relatively small because Hamilton maintained a larger office downtown 308 The study retains almost all of its original ornament such as cornices baseboards door frames and floorboards 307 The walls are painted bright green 309 310 Sources disagree on whether the color was meant to represent nature 308 or was used because of its associations with the wealthy 311 There are a desk and bookshelves 309 stocked with five books from Hamilton s own collection 308 There are two identical octagonal rooms behind the entry and stair halls which span the entire width of the house 290 312 and measure 18 by 24 feet 5 5 by 7 3 m across 265 The one on the left formerly the west octagon room was likely used as a drawing room 90 313 and is known as the parlor 265 312 314 The room includes three floor to ceiling triple hung windows and a fireplace with a marble mantel 313 The walls are painted yellow 311 The octagonal room to the right the east octagon room was the dining room 90 306 312 It has very similar walls ceilings cornices baseboards door frames floorboards fireplace and floor to ceiling triple hung windows as the drawing room parlor 315 Between the west and east octagon rooms was an ornate four paneled wooden door 315 which in the 19th century was likely clad with mirrors 90 The rooms had views of the Hudson River to the west and the Harlem River to the east 287 A pentagonal hallway measuring 13 by 5 67 feet 4 by 2 m 265 extends from the octagonal rooms to the rear of the house 306 316 The hallway has four interior doorways During the 20th century the space occupied by the rear doorway became a window and a bathroom was installed 316 The original purpose of the room at the rear left corner the northwest room is not known but it may have been a bedroom Although the room lacks a cornice it has a baseboard design unique to the house and there is a doorway leading to the rear hall The windows in the first floor northwest room have plain frames and there was originally a fireplace in the room although the fireplace was likely sealed in 1933 317 The original use of the rear right room the northeast room is also not known but may have also been a bedroom The decorations are similar to that of the northwest room and there is also a baseboard and marble fireplace mantel 318 Second floor edit Originally the second floor had separate bedrooms for Hamilton his wife their daughters and their two eldest sons 308 The second floor is closed to the public A 1995 NPS report cited the second floor as being too weak to support visitors 301 after the house was restored in 2011 the second floor was used as staff space 178 It is bisected by a hallway which runs from front to back with three rooms each to the left and right 265 At the center of the house s front elevation is the front hall which was modified in 1889 when the main stair was relocated It retains many of its original decorations such as woodwork plasterwork and moldings 319 Extending behind the front hall to the rear of the house is a central passageway which also retains many of its original decorations 320 The southwest room at the front left corner of the second floor dating from the 1889 renovation occupied the site of the original stairwell 321 this room has since been replaced with a stairwell 306 The southeast room at the front right is similar to the southwest room but it contains evidence of a former closet and stairs to the attic 322 The west center room and east center room respectively adjoin the left and right walls of the center hall and were originally very similar in design with fireplaces and doorways the west center room also had a closet while the east center room had a stair to the attic accessible from the center hall 323 At the rear of the house are the northwest room northeast room and a central bathroom all accessed by a rear hall at the end of the central second story passageway Originally the rooms in the rear comprised a single space but the rooms were subdivided before 1820 likely to provide a bedroom for each Hamilton child The rooms at either corner have fireplaces and the northwest room also had a closet 324 Operation editMost of Hamilton s original belongings were sold after his death to other American institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution New York Public Library New York Historical Society and Museum of the City of New York 4 When the house first became a museum in the 1930s its collection included portraits of Alexander and Eliza Hamilton painted by Works Progress Administration artists 325 as well as a pair of guns that Hamilton brought to his duel with Burr 326 In the mid 20th century the house exhibited various objects such as a bust of Alexander Hamilton by Giuseppe Ceracchi a dress worn by Eliza Hamilton and a collection of books from the Hamiltons family library 142 162 Other artifacts included a four poster bed cribs and bed warmers from Hamilton s lifetime 162 Many of the current objects in the house are replicas 244 308 Among the few surviving original artifacts are a mourning scarf from 1804 and a piano imported from Britain in the 1790s 244 the piano was made by Muzio Clementi 308 Just before the house s relocation to St Nicholas Park the house displayed items such as the piano chairs and a wine cooler 6 327 The modern day exhibits include some of Hamilton s old books papers and furniture as well as drawings and diagrams of the house created as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey 328 In the dining room are late 18th century teacups with wooden handles a replica of a wine cooler given by George Washington 308 and plates arranged for a meal 311 The parlor features five original chairs 311 308 There is also a bust of Hamilton in the entrance hall 32 308 Some of the objects in the collection are stored by the Gateway National Recreation Area 328 The house s first floor and basement are open Wednesdays through Sundays The NPS hosts guided tours with up to 15 people although visitors can also tour the house on their own 246 308 Only four rooms are typically open to the public 329 the second floor is used only by staff 246 The NPS also operates a junior ranger program at the monument 330 Critical reception editArchitecturally the New York Sun called the house a good example of the comfortable country house of the early 19th century 9 and The New York Times described the house as substantial rather than elegant 331 By 1926 the writer Chesla Sherlock lamented that so little of the home he loved so well has been preserved to us citing the fact that the house had been moved and all its furniture dispersed 84 A writer for the New York Amsterdam News said in 1962 that despite the house s deterioration its decorated floors ceilings and fireplace mantels still speak of the era when it was the country home of Hamilton 332 When the Grange was located at Convent Avenue the historian Hugh Howard described the house as being hemmed in and forgotten about akin to a misplaced book on a library shelf 333 Upon the house s reopening in 2011 The Wall Street Journal said that the house at long last is a fitting monument to one of America s greatest Founding Fathers 281 A critic for the same newspaper described the relocation as successful both from a historical and architectural point of view saying that the design suggests a rationality that isn t accidental 247 The New York Times said the design gave a kind of gracious pleasure taken in what was being made possible and that the St Nicholas Park site was an appropriate setting for the house 32 A writer for AM New York described the home in 2016 as nondescript but something every New Yorker can enjoy 308 and the Chicago Tribune said the same year As impressive as the house is its odd history is equally compelling 334 Frommer s guidebook gave the house one star out of three criticizing the lack of original furniture and the small number of rooms on display 329 The house s name inspired the monikers of two apartment buildings erected in the area 335 k as well as the name of the Hamilton Grange Library on 145th Street 337 The surrounding neighborhood was also known as Hamilton Grange until the 1930s when it became known as Hamilton Heights 337 Additionally in 1934 a model of the Grange was created for the Museum of the City of New York 338 See also editList of national memorials of the United States List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th StreetReferences editNotes edit The New York Sun wrote that the estate s western limit was originally the Hudson River 9 but Mongin amp Whidden 1980 stated that the estate was always landlocked 10 It is unclear whether Hamilton was born in 1755 or 1757 see also Alexander Hamilton Notes 35 a b c d e 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved May 28 2023 The renovation cost was recorded in pound sterling as 28 pounds 7 shillings 2 pence Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 16 calculated that this amount in pound sterling was about 70 90 Hamilton s grandfather s estate was located in Stevenston Ayrshire 65 20 An early source attributed the name to Marquis de Lafayette s estate in France Chateau de la Grange Bleneau 66 Hamilton bought a total of 17 acres 6 9 ha from Bradhurst 45 46 According to one account Hamilton s estate measured 35 acres and 3 1 2 roods or 1 562 715 square feet 145 181 m2 15 ha after all acquisitions were completed 67 Although the trees were allegedly gifted by George Washington the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission says that this is unlikely because Washington died before the estate was even acquired 72 The Hamiltons had eight children in total but their firstborn Philip the first died before they moved in 76 a b c In this article relative directions are used The corresponding compass directions and the former compass directions are 12 Front main elevation northeast formerly south at Convent Avenue Left elevation southeast formerly west at Convent Avenue Rear elevation southwest formerly north at Convent Avenue Right elevation northwest formerly east at Convent Avenue At the house s first location the front elevation faced southwest 12 Compass directions of rooms such as southeast and southwest are described in relation to the orientation of the house when it was at 287 Convent Avenue After being relocated to St Nicholas Park the southeast corner was reoriented to the north the southwest corner was reoriented to face west etc Specifically the structures at 476 West 144th Street and at 310 Convent Avenue 336 Citations edit National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service January 23 2007 Hamilton Grange Alexander Hamilton House National Historic Landmark summary listing National Park Service September 14 2007 Archived from the original on July 1 2007 Torres Reyes Ricardo April 1975 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Hamilton Grange National Memorial pdf National Park Service and Accompanying photo exterior from 1975 32 KB a b c d e f g National Park Service 1995 p 43 Kosner Edward February 25 2011 Book Review Harlem Black Gotham Harlem Is Nowhere Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 7 2023 a b c d e Dobnik Verena June 8 2008 Alexander Hamilton House Moves Historic Abode Takes 3 Hours to Go 1 Blocks The Record Associated Press p A 4 ProQuest 426555733 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 10 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 8 a b Famous Hamilton Home Still Standing but the Thirteen Gum Trees Are Gone The Washington Post January 25 1911 p 6 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 145092334 a b c d e Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 63 a b Garb Maggie February 25 2001 If You re Thinking of Living In West Harlem Brownstones in Manhattan at a Discount The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d e f g h Dunlap David W February 18 2008 Moving the Grange and Twisting It Around Too The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b c d American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 p 20 Gray Christopher January 13 2002 Streetscapes West 144th Street Between Amsterdam and Convent Avenues A Block With an Eyeful of Styles Colors and Forms The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 11 a b c d Stokes Isaac Newton Phelps 1918 The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 3 pp 774 775 via Internet Archive a b c Tuttle 1926 p 563 a b Recalls Hamilton Home the Grange on Convent Avenue Open Daily to Visitors The New York Times August 30 1936 p RE12 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 101799758 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 34 a b c Howard amp Straus 2012 p 287 Church Cornerstone on Hamilton Grange Mgr Mooney Uses Archbishop Corrigan s Silver Trowel Altar of Our Lady of Lourdes to Rise Near the Thirteen Trees Planted by Alexander Hamilton The New York Times May 19 1902 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 Gray Christopher August 3 2003 Streetscapes The 1903 Church of Our Lady of Lourdes on West 142nd Street A Coat of Many Colors a Building of Many Parts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d Bernstein Emily M November 7 1993 Neighborhood Report Harlem The Battle to Keep Alexander Hamilton s Home Where It Is The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b c d Strozier Matthew July 13 2003 Neighborhood Report Hamilton Heights For Hamilton s Home a Long Awaited Move Is Afoot The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d e f Pataki signs law preserving Alexander Hamilton s home New York Amsterdam News October 14 1999 p 31 ProQuest 2663208162 a b c Dunlap David W June 8 2008 Witnessing a House and History on the Move The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 107 108 National Park Service 1995 p 45 Mays Jeff June 2 2011 Ideas Sought For Redevelopment at Site of Alexander Hamilton s Former Home DNAinfo New York Retrieved November 7 2023 Directions Hamilton Grange National Memorial U S National Park Service March 16 2023 Retrieved November 5 2023 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1967 p 4 a b c d e f g h Rothstein Edward September 15 2011 A Founder s at Home The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 National Park Service 2018 p 3 National Park Service 1995 pp 51 52 Chernow Ron 2005 Alexander Hamilton Penguin Press p 17 ISBN 978 0 14 303475 9 OL 35261741M Logan Erin B October 28 2021 Alexander Hamilton immigrant and statesman dies at 47 or 49 Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved November 6 2023 Murray 1936 p 2 a b National Park Service 1995 p 40 Hamilton 1910 pp 206 207 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 5 Hamilton 1910 p 337 a b c Howard amp Straus 2012 p 286 Hamilton 1910 pp 43 44 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 6 7 Hamilton 1910 pp 337 338 a b c d Murray 1936 p 3 a b c d e f g Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 42 Chernow Ron 2005 Alexander Hamilton Penguin Books p 641 ISBN 978 0143034759 Scheufele Michael 2022 Jacob Scheuffelin currently in Pennsylvania Five Hundred Years of the Schieffelin Family PDF Darmstadt Germany wbg Academic pp 110 112 ISBN 978 3534450060 a b c d e f Hamilton s Home is to Be Turned Into Museum Old Mansion at 143d Street Built in 1800 Is Purchased by Historic Society Used to Fish and Shoot Where Uptown Apartments Stand The New York Times November 23 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 16 a b Hamilton 1910 p 338 a b c d e Olen Helaine May 16 1994 500 foot move for historic home ignites battle Rotting Alexander Hamilton Grange would be restored in park but N Y neighbors are furious Los Angeles Times p 5 ISSN 0458 3035 ProQuest 282254075 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 28 Fox Margalit Robinson George July 20 2003 F Y I The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 Hamilton 1910 pp 341 342 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 28 29 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 29 a b Old Hamilton Home Assured Of Perpetuation Deed for House of Patriot and First Treasury Head Presented to the Historic Preservation Society The New York Herald New York Tribune November 18 1924 p 12 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1113064364 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 35 Hamilton 1910 pp 352 353 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 38 Mayer amp East 1937 p 379 a b Halpern amp Appelbaum 2013 p 68 a b c d Leadon 2018 pp 317 318 a b Greco 2011 p 16 a b c d Hamilton Grange Becomes Memorial House Built in 1801 Is Presented to American Scenic and Historical Preservation Society The New York Times November 18 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 a b The Name Grange Ohio Farmer Vol 99 no 7 February 14 1901 p 142 ProQuest 137310715 Souder 1964 p i a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 45 46 a b Hamilton 1910 p 345 Deitz Paula May 6 2011 The Founding Fathers and Their Gardens The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 7 2023 a b Howard amp Straus 2012 p 285 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 p 8 a b c American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 p 26 a b c d e f g h i j k Gray Christopher March 21 1993 Streetscapes Hamilton Grange A Move to Move A Historic House The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 47 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 46 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 47 48 Hamilton 1910 pp 348 349 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 49 50 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 56 57 a b Hamilton 1910 p 414 Mayer amp East 1937 p 378 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 58 59 a b Sherlock Chesla C January 1926 Homes of Famous Americans XXXVII The Grange the Home of Alexander Hamilton Better Homes and Gardens Vol 4 no 5 p 15 ProQuest 1715375114 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 60 a b c d e Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 61 a b c d Murray 1936 p 4 a b Alexander Hamilton s Home Here to Be a Museum The House from Which He Went to Fight His Duel with Aaron Burr Will Be Preserved by the City if Present Movement Succeeds The New York Times March 17 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 10 2023 Carter 1854 p 244 a b c d e f Carter 1854 pp 245 246 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 63 64 a b c d e f g Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 64 a b Murray 1936 pp 4 5 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 pp 8 9 a b The Forest in the City Shade and Rest for Tired New Yorkers The New York Times July 18 1880 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 11 2023 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 65 66 Hamilton s Old Home the Grange to Disappear Before the Advance of the Streets Courier Journal November 7 1884 p 5 ProQuest 1037428476 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 p 10 Life in the Metropolis Democrat and Chronicle November 15 1884 p 5 Retrieved November 11 2023 a b c d e f g Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 72 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 pp 9 10 a b c d e f Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 76 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 p 9 Trying to Sell Hamilton Grange Poor Prices Secured for Highly Valued Property Far Uptown New York Tribune October 26 1887 p 5 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 573394750 Small Demand for Hamilton Grange Lots The Sun October 26 1887 p 2 Retrieved November 11 2023 A Shrine at Auction Thirteen Trees Planted by Alexander Hamilton to Be Sold St Louis Post Dispatch March 19 1892 p 8 ProQuest 579100756 Not to Be Cut Down O B Potter Buys the Hamilton Trees and Will Preserve Them The New York Times March 23 1892 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 10 2023 Alexander Hamilton s Old Home Sold Los Angeles Times March 23 1892 p 1 ISSN 0458 3035 ProQuest 163622152 Hamilton Trees for Sale Explanation of the Sign at 143d Street and Convent Avenue The New York Times January 29 1898 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 a b Tuttle 1926 pp 210 211 Tuttle 1926 pp 212 213 Tuttle 1926 pp 217 218 a b Murray 1936 p 5 Revolutionary Mansions Ancient Houses Still Standing in New York City San Francisco Chronicle April 28 1889 p 8 ProQuest 94518023 a b c d Wing William G September 9 1965 Hamiltons Home Still in Hot Water The Austin Statesman p B5 ProQuest 1522182411 a b Hamilton Grange Backed as U S Site The New York Times May 12 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 74 Tuttle 1926 p 222 a b c American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 p 27 a b c d e f g h i Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 75 Tuttle 1926 pp 218 219 Alexander Hamilton s Farm St Luke s Church Soon to Be Built on Part of It the Name of the Historic Place to Be Preserved Courier Journal April 29 1890 p 9 ProQuest 1037170031 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 96 Alexander Hamilton House Now Rectory in New York Hamilton Grange The Christian Science Monitor November 24 1909 p SE8 ISSN 0882 7729 ProQuest 508013937 Tuttle 1926 p 280 a b c d National Park Service 1995 p 41 a b Tuttle 1926 p 281 a b Tuttle 1926 p 335 To Buy Hamilton Grange The New York Times February 20 1900 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 For Enlargement of the Hall of Records The Standard Union February 20 1900 p 8 Retrieved November 9 2023 To Buy Hamilton Grange The New York Times April 19 1901 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 To Buy Hamilton Grange The Brooklyn Citizen February 11 1903 p 1 Retrieved November 5 2023 Men and Women The Buffalo Commercial December 30 1904 p 9 Retrieved November 5 2023 Another Historic Park New York to Acquire Hamilton Grange Probably Soon The Washington Post January 1 1905 p S2 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 144629511 New York s Historic Landmarks Shall They Be Allowed to Pass Away Where the Oldest House in New York Is to be Found A Centre of Revolutionary Activity Should be Included in a Public Park Interest in Preservation of Hamilton Grange Survival of an Aboriginal Dwelling in Upper Manhattan The New York Times January 28 1906 Retrieved November 9 2023 A Hamilton Tablet One Placed by D A R On Old Colonial Grange New York Tribune May 1 1907 p 4 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 571813223 Retrieved November 12 2023 Would Save Landmark D A R s Urge City to Purchase Alexander Hamilton Home Church Now Owns It Many Patriotic Citizens Join in Petition to Board of Estimate and Apportionment New York Tribune February 22 1912 p 9 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 574880986 Tuttle 1926 p 338 a b Tuttle 1926 p 398 a b c d e Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 80 National Park Service 1995 pp 41 42 Morrone Francis March 27 2008 Hamilton Heights To Lose Its Namesake New York Sun Retrieved July 4 2008 a b c d e Bourne St Clair September 20 1941 Alexander Hamilton was a Harlemite Home He Built in 1801 On Convent Avenue Site Now Historic Landmark New York Amsterdam Star News p 17 ProQuest 226092814 a b American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 pp 27 28 a b Historic Home of Alexander Hamilton to Become a Shrine Chicago Daily Tribune November 18 1924 p 2 ISSN 1085 6706 ProQuest 180637419 Levick M b July 19 1925 Landmarks of New York Are Transitory Familiar Objects in This Kaleidoscopic City Become Antiquities in One Generation Then Vanish The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 a b c d Wing William G February 7 1960 Alexander Hamilton Home Is Fast Falling Into Ruin The Grange Often Rifled Not Visited New Site Found But Cost High New York Herald Tribune p A1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1346192137 a b c Hamilton s Country Home to Become Historical Museum The Christian Science Monitor November 29 1924 p 4 ISSN 0882 7729 ProQuest 511420150 Collins Francis A November 15 1925 Moving Day Soon for Hamilton Grange The New York Herald New York Tribune p SM7 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1112990640 a b c d e f Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 81 Hamilton s Home Will Be Museum Start on Memorial Project Will Await Receipt of Necessary Funds The Christian Science Monitor November 23 1928 p 5 ISSN 0882 7729 ProQuest 512499342 Asks Fund to Save Hamilton Grange Society Would Open Historic Convent Avenue Mansion as a Museum The New York Times April 7 1929 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Plans Hamilton Museum Historic Society Seeks Funds for Renovating Grange Here The New York Times April 1 1929 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Seek Funds to Restore Hamilton s Home Here New York Herald Tribune April 1 1929 p 40 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1111725257 Hamilton Grange to Be Converted Into a Museum American Preservation Society Has Undertaken to Raise Necessary Funds The Christian Science Monitor April 5 1929 p 4 ISSN 0882 7729 ProQuest 512561023 Hamilton s Home Becomes Museum Historic Preservation Society Busy Restoring the Grange on Convent Avenue The New York Times June 20 1933 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Leadon 2018 p 321 NPS Timeline PDF National Park Service Retrieved May 7 2012 D A R Chapter to Move Washington Heights Group Gets Quarters in Hamilton Grange The New York Times March 11 1934 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Details of the Continental Congress Listed by New York D A R Head State Headquarters Will Be at the Willard During National Session in Washington Next Month Memorial Service on Program ARRANGING VISITS New York Herald Tribune March 25 1934 p C8 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1331191108 Syme Adelaide S February 24 1935 Five Patriots of 76 in Ancestry Of Mrs Flora Knapp Dickinson Refurnishing of Colonial Room in Hamilton Grange Is Among Outstanding Accomplishments of National Vice Chairman of D A R Publicity New York Herald Tribune p C3 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1287053922 Statue of Hamilton to Be Gift to Grange 30 Foot Bronze of Brooklyn Club Will Go to Museum on Washington Heights The New York Times June 21 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Statues Dedicated at Two Ceremonies Historical Group and G A R Unveil Monuments to Hamilton and Sheridan The New York Times October 20 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Hamilton s Home Removal Planned Revelation by Jack Stirs Harlem Realtors Afro American May 21 1949 p A2 ProQuest 531664898 a b c Hamilton s Home Needs Repairs Lack of Funds Imperils Landmark The New York Times April 30 1949 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Urge Moses Move Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News May 20 1950 p 19 ProQuest 225858572 Substitute Urged for Claremont Inn Suggestion to Move Hamilton Grange to Site on Drive Is Said to Appeal to Moses The New York Times May 16 1950 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Park Group Fights T0 Keep Precincts Association Calls Plan to Close Riverside Flushing Meadow Houses False Economy Would Aid Hamilton Grange Community Campus Study The New York Times May 10 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 City Hopes to Put Hamilton Grange Back in Sun Legislature Asked to Allow Moving and Restoring Home The New York Times March 4 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Bill Would Move Historic Building New York Amsterdam News March 12 1955 p 2 ProQuest 225648899 a b Dunlap David W February 14 1988 Hamilton Grange Needs Furniture and 2 Million The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 11 2023 Assembly Gets Bill on Pensions Administration Measure Is Designed to Aid Inquiry Into Employe Welfare Funds The New York Times March 17 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Bill To Keep Hamilton House Passes Senate New York Amsterdam News March 19 1955 p 6 ProQuest 225635502 Harriman Signs G O P School Bill But Measure Providing Added Appropriation Still Lies on Governor s Desk The New York Times April 15 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Hamilton s Home in Need of Repair The Van Cortlandt House Contrasts With Hamilton s The New York Times October 31 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Dunford Nelson March 9 1958 Hamilton s N Y Home to Move to New Site Daily News p 114 Retrieved November 13 2023 Hamilton Grange Moves In September New York Amsterdam News March 29 1958 p 19 ProQuest 225546443 Moss Michael September 25 1990 Manhattan Closeup Trying to Preserve Harlem History Newsday p 23 ISSN 2574 5298 ProQuest 278331203 a b c National Park Service 1995 p 42 Bill Offered to Save Hamilton Home Here The New York Times January 14 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Hamilton Grange May Be Shrine New York Herald Tribune May 12 1960 p 7 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1325273053 Historic Sites Listed 70 Including Two Here Put Close to Landmark Status The New York Times December 20 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 City Hall Hamilton Grange Now National Landmarks New York Herald Tribune December 20 1960 p 3 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1325516793 Harlem Site Now Official U S Landmark New York Amsterdam News December 24 1960 p 29 ProQuest 225461997 U S Moves to Preserve Hamilton Grange Would Shift House to City College Site as a Shrine The New York Times May 14 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Hamilton Home Plan Approved Javits Reveals New York Herald Tribune May 14 1961 p 4 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1335808702 Hamilton Grange Wins House Vote Home Would be Preserved as Memorial in City The New York Times April 17 1962 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Hamilton Grange Waits JFK Signature New York Amsterdam News April 28 1962 p 5 ProQuest 2292982362 Congress Votes to Re Do Hamilton Grange New York Herald Tribune April 18 1962 p 18 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1325824767 a b c d e f g Hollander Sophia September 14 2011 Founding Father s New Home Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 7 2023 a b c Hamilton s Home to Regain Glory Restoration of Shrine Here Will Take About a Year Comfortable Retirement Pranksters Break Windows Resolution Adopted The New York Times May 6 1962 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Home Now A Shrine New York Amsterdam News May 5 1962 p A30 ProQuest 226813194 Molleson John December 7 1961 The Hamilton Home So History May Live New York Herald Tribune p 29 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1326181329 a b c Devlin John C October 26 1966 Action Is Sought on Hamilton Home The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Cannon White Poppy October 30 1965 How To Save 282 000 New York Amsterdam News p 17 ProQuest 226750057 Holeden Edwin January 19 1961 Hamilton Home May Move to Campus Site New York Herald Tribune p 4 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1335747722 a b c Hanson Kitty February 20 1967 A House Divided Cannot Stand Daily News p 410 Retrieved November 13 2023 West Siders Oppose Moving Hamilton House The New York Times October 17 1966 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Federal Register 44 Fed Reg 7107 Feb 6 1979 PDF Library of Congress February 6 1979 p 7539 Archived PDF from the original on December 30 2016 Retrieved March 8 2020 United States National Park Service Preservation Press 1991 The National Register of Historic Places National Park Service p 9 ISBN 978 0 942063 21 9 Archived from the original on October 13 2022 Retrieved October 26 2023 a b Restoration Begun At Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News August 5 1967 p 20 ProQuest 226638353 a b Hamilton s Home Is Reopened To Public but Work Continues The New York Times July 29 1967 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 a b Harlem Sites Among 11 Called Landmarks New York Amsterdam News August 12 1967 p 7 ProQuest 226760580 Callahan John P August 7 1967 Old Water Tower Now a Landmark City Commission Designates Pillar on Harlem River and 10 Other Structures The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 City Panel Bids U S Seek More Visitors At Monuments Here The New York Times November 19 1972 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Visitors Shun Historic Sites The Hartford Courant November 21 1972 p 23 ISSN 1047 4153 ProQuest 551337017 Wider Use Urged for Historic Sites The New York Times November 21 1972 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 2 City Areas Made Landmarks The New York Times November 27 1974 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Johnston Laurie April 26 1978 The New Way to Brighten Up Those Old Statues Is a Blast The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 a b Johnston Laurie Anderson Susan Heller July 11 1983 New York Day by Day The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Basler Barbara October 21 1982 U S Historic Sites in City Guarding Against Thefts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 11 2022 Retrieved October 9 2022 Boorstin Robert O April 6 1986 Budget Law Imposing Cuts at National Parks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2018 Retrieved October 10 2022 French Howard W September 18 1987 Bells and Talks Mark Celebration The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Constitution s home on Grange Daily News September 18 1987 p 6 Retrieved November 13 2023 See for example Slesin Suzanne May 18 1989 From Porticoes to Turrets Hamilton Heights in a Day The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Slesin Suzanne May 19 1988 New Residents New Life in Hamilton Hts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 11 2023 Mulcahy Susan September 3 1987 Inside New York Newsday p 6 ISSN 2574 5298 ProQuest 277808899 a b c d Duffy Kathleen March 6 1992 Restoring Hamilton s Home Newsday p 39 Retrieved November 5 2023 National Park Service 1995 p 46 Contractors sought to stabilize Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News August 3 1991 p 5 ProQuest 226314474 Carrillo Karen February 1 1992 Hamilton Grange gets 750 000 for badly needed rehab work New York Amsterdam News p 20 ProQuest 226394320 Rangel Wins Approval Of 1M To Restore Alexander Hamilton Grange New York Voice Inc October 14 1992 p 11 ProQuest 367920647 Slesin Suzanne May 31 1990 Energy of Rebirth In Hamilton Heights The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b Postings Should It Be Moved Discussing the Future Of Hamilton Grange The New York Times November 14 1993 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b Community protests removal of Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News November 20 1993 p 5 ProQuest 390349063 White Samuel Jr November 13 1993 Why move the Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News p 23 ProQuest 226828640 Neighborhood Report Hamilton Grange Update A Short Move an Angry Dispute The New York Times November 21 1993 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 Bernstein Emily M March 20 1994 Neighborhood Report Harlem Grange Vote Move It The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 Bloom Jennifer Kingson March 12 1995 Neighborhood Report Update Plan to Move Hamilton Grange Is Headed for Congress The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 9 2023 a b National Park Service to reopen Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News January 8 1998 p 10 ProQuest 2638127751 a b Siegal Nina September 20 1998 Neighborhood Report Hamilton Heights A Historic Homestead Awaits a Shift of Position The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 National Park Service 1995 p 26 Brown Patricia Leigh August 10 1995 America s Crumbling Parkitecture The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 City Snubs Founding Father New York Daily News February 25 2001 p 36 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 305643051 Governor Signs Law Preserving Alexander Hamilton s Home New York Beacon October 20 1999 p 13 ProQuest 367956532 A Memorial to Neglect New York Daily News June 3 2000 p 16 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 313770359 Final barrier lifted for relocation of Hamilton Grange New York Amsterdam News November 2 2000 p 5 ProQuest 2638112407 Fried Joseph P August 22 2004 Following Up The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c Dunlap David W July 12 2006 Handle History With Care Hamilton s Home Is Moving The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 Leadon 2018 p 323 Dunlap David W May 12 2006 Hamilton Grange National Memorial in Harlem Closes in Preparation for Move The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 New Home for the Grange The Architect s Newspaper November 14 2007 Retrieved November 6 2023 Founding father s home to be moved renovated Newsday April 29 2008 ISSN 2574 5298 ProQuest 280336657 a b c d A Monumental Move National Park Service June 7 2008 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d Gale John May 24 2008 Raising the Roof Alexander Hamilton s Home Movin New York Daily News p 11 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 306195373 a b c d e Boyd Herb June 5 2008 Hamilton s home on the Grange to be relocated New York Amsterdam News p 4 ProQuest 390294997 a b Greco 2011 pp 16 17 a b c Dunlap David W June 7 2008 Hamilton Home Heads to a Greener Address The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2023 Stapinski Helene January 21 2016 Walking the Walk in Hamilton s Old Stomping Grounds The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 Arak Joey May 27 2008 Harlem Mansion Move Ready For a Shove Curbed NY Retrieved November 7 2023 Hogarty Dave June 8 2008 Moving This Old House Hamilton Grange Gothamist Archived from the original on March 9 2012 Retrieved November 5 2023 a b Greco 2011 p 17 a b Hamilton s home rolls to its new site Poughkeepsie Journal June 8 2008 pp 7A Retrieved November 6 2023 Arak Joey June 9 2008 Dead Guy s House Gets Prime Park Views Curbed NY Retrieved November 7 2023 Zambito Thomas June 10 2008 Hamilton House Duel in Harlem New York Daily News p 28 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 306193217 Neumeister Larry June 15 2008 New direction for Hamilton house Chicago Tribune p 20 ISSN 1085 6706 ProQuest 420744852 a b c d e f Welch Adrian September 13 2011 Hamilton Grange Alexander Hamilton s home e architect Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d Kahn Eve M September 1 2011 A Founding Father Back on His Pedestal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d e Mays Jeff September 16 2011 Restored Home of Founding Father Alexander Hamilton to Re Open Saturday DNAinfo New York Retrieved November 7 2023 a b c d National Park Service 2018 p 14 a b Whelan Robbie December 12 2011 Historic Home on the Grange Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 13 2023 Alexander Hamilton Home And Memorial Reopens In Harlem CBS New York September 17 2011 Retrieved November 7 2023 Boyd Herb November 10 2011 Hamilton House reopened New York Amsterdam News p 18 ProQuest 909509975 Alexander Hamilton Home Reopens After Complex Move AOL Real Estate Associated Press September 19 2011 Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved May 7 2012 Bordewich Fergus M July 5 2008 Alexander Hamilton s Capital Compromise Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c Harpaz Beth J June 18 2016 Historic site visits up since Hamilton Harlem home burial site see 75 per cent increase since Tony Award winning musical Chronicle Herald p E2 ProQuest 1797791739 Sullivan J Courtney March 5 2016 After the Broadway Show a Trip to Hamilton s Grave The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 11 2023 Dziemianowicz Joe August 5 2015 Hamilton is Dual Success Play is Hot but So is Interest in History New York Daily News p 37 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 1701538054 National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics Hamilton Grange NMEM National Park Service Retrieved December 7 2023 Postal Matthew A Dolkart Andrew 2008 Guide to New York City Landmarks Wiley p 196 ISBN 978 0 470 28963 1 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 90 a b c d e f National Park Service 1995 p 44 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 3 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 90 91 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 21 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 17 18 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 22 23 a b c Hamilton Grange is Restored Relocated and Open to the Public AIA New York September 28 2011 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b c d e f g h i j American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 p 25 a b c Souder 1964 p 1 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 106 National Park Service 1995 p 44 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 106 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 104 105 National Park Service 1995 p 44 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 104 105 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 110 National Park Service 1995 p 44 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 110 111 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 112 113 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 100 National Park Service 1995 p 44 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1967 p 1 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 100 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 108 109 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 109 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 116 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 90 National Park Service 1995 p 44 a b Magnet Myron September 14 2011 Hamilton Grange Alexander Hamilton s Shining House on a Hill By Myron Magnet Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b Diamonstein Spielvogel Barbaralee 2011 The Landmarks of New York 5th ed Albany New York State University of New York Press p 90 ISBN 978 1 4384 3769 9 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 95 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 98 99 National Park Service 1995 p 44 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 101 102 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 100 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 32 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 98 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 96 97 a b Souder 1964 p 2 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 124 125 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 158 159 a b c d National Park Service 1995 pp 44 45 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 120 121 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 120 121 a b c Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 122 123 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 123 124 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 125 126 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 34 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 128 a b c National Park Service 1995 p 48 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 p 129 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 31 32 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 133 135 a b c d Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 131 132 a b c d e f Hamilton Grange Virtual Tour Hamilton Grange National Memorial U S National Park Service December 1 2022 Retrieved November 7 2023 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 135 136 a b c d e f g h i j k Cook Lauren January 12 2017 Hamilton Grange in Harlem A tour through the founding father s home amNewYork ProQuest 1857575463 a b Hamilton Grange Study U S National Park Service NPS gov Homepage U S National Park Service August 16 2022 Retrieved November 7 2023 Fierberg Ruthie October 22 2016 21 Things We Learned From Hamilton s America Playbill Retrieved November 7 2023 a b c d Halpern amp Appelbaum 2013 p 69 a b c Howard amp Straus 2012 p 282 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 136 137 Hamilton Grange Parlor NPS gov Homepage U S National Park Service August 16 2022 Retrieved November 7 2023 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 138 140 a b Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 141 142 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 140 141 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 143 144 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 146 148 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 150 151 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 146 147 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 149 150 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 151 153 Mongin amp Whidden 1980 pp 154 156 William W Niles Honored for Work On Bronx Parkway Louisville Editor Also Gets Scenic Society Medal at Hamilton Grange New York Herald Tribune October 30 1934 p 19 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1329082075 Gets Hamilton Relics Grange Here Receives Collection Including Dueling Pistols The New York Times August 13 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Gouveia Georgette August 31 2003 Following Hamilton in life and death The Journal News p 64 Retrieved November 6 2023 a b National Park Service 2018 p 12 a b Hamilton Grange National Memorial Frommer s Retrieved November 6 2023 Be A Junior Ranger Hamilton Grange National Memorial September 1 2023 Retrieved November 13 2023 Topics of The Times Three Early Republican Houses The New York Times May 23 1950 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 13 2023 White Poppy Cannon March 17 1962 Was Alex Hamilton Passing New York Amsterdam News p 11 ProQuest 2292987567 Howard amp Straus 2012 p 291 Nevius James September 18 2016 Hamilton s Haunts Take the Show on the Road to Visit Founding Father s Sites on East Coast p 5 ISSN 1085 6706 ProQuest 1820413117 Retrieved November 13 2023 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 p 11 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 pp 46 72 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2000 p 14 City Museum Gets Models of 4 Landmarks Made by Group of Unemployed Architects The New York Times March 17 1934 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 12 2023 Sources edit Carter James C 1854 Hamilton Homes of American Statesmen With Anecdotical Personal and Descriptive Sketches Nineteenth Century Collections Online Photography The World through the Lens G P Putnam and Company Foundation Document Hamilton Grange National Memorial New York PDF Report National Park Service August 2018 Greco Joann Fall 2011 Home at Last National Parks Vol 85 no 4 pp 16 17 ProQuest 896621234 Halpern Janel Appelbaum Harvey 2013 Not the Met Exploring the Smaller Museums of Manhattan Pelican Publishing Company ISBN 978 1 4556 1868 2 Hamilton Allan McLane 1910 The Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton Based Chiefly Upon Original Family Letters and Other Documents Many of which Have Never Been Published Library of American civilization C Scribner s Sons Hamilton Grange PDF Report National Register of Historic Places National Park Service October 15 1966 Hamilton Grange PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission June 30 2020 August 2 1967 Hamilton Grange Saved Annual Report Vol 30 American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 1925 via HathiTrust Hamilton Heights Historic District Extension PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission March 28 2000 Howard Hugh Straus Roger 2012 Houses of the Founding Fathers Artisan Books ISBN 978 1 57965 275 3 Leadon Fran 2018 The House on the Hill Broadway A History of New York City in Thirteen Miles New York London Norton ISBN 9780393240108 Mayer Josephine East Robert A October 1 1937 The Settlement of Alexander Hamilton s Debts A Footnote to History New York History Vol 18 no 4 ProQuest 1297285722 Mongin Alfred Whidden Anne D 1980 Historic Structures Report Hamilton Grange National Memorial PDF Report North Atlantic Historic Preservation Center Murray M Emelyn October 1 1936 Ancient Mansions of New York The Spur Vol 58 no 4 ProQuest 848023736 National Park Service 1995 Hamilton Grange National Memorial General Management Plan GMP Environmental Impact Statement Souder Norman M 1964 Historic Structures Report Part I Architectural Data Section on Restoration of Hamilton Grange PDF Report United States Department of the Interior Tuttle Penelope T Sturgis Cook 1926 History of Saint Luke s Church in the City of New York 1820 1920 Appeal Printing Company OCLC 10179972 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamilton Grange National Memorial Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hamilton Grange National Memorial amp oldid 1189621825, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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