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Gyeongbu Line

The Gyeongbu line (Gyeongbuseon) is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country. It was constructed in 1905, connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea.

Gyeongbu line
Overview
Native name경부선(京釜線)
OwnerKorea Rail Network Authority
Line number302 (KR)
Termini
Stations90
Service
TypePassenger/freight rail
Operator(s)Korail
Depot(s)Guro, Byeongjeom
History
OpenedJanuary 1, 1905
Technical
Line length441.7 km (274.5 mi)
Number of tracks6 (SeoulGuro)
4 (Guro–Cheonan)
2 (Cheonan–Busan)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in)
Electrification25 kV/60 Hz Catenary
Operating speed150 km/h (93 mph)
Route map

km
0.0
Seoul
DC section│AC section
neutral section
1.7
Namyeong
3.2
Yongsan
Yongsan wye
Yongsan rail yard
Han River
5.8
Noryangjin
7.3
Daebang
8.1
Singil
9.1
Yeongdeungpo
10.6
Sindorim
11.7
Guro
Guro rail yard
14.1
Gasan Digital Complex
16.1
Doksan
17.3
Geumcheon-gu Office
 
0.0
Gyeongbu HSR
Siheung connecting line
 
4.7
Gwangmyeong
19.6
Seoksu
21.5
Gwanak
23.9
Anyang
26.1
Myeonghak
Northbound│Southbound
27.5
Geumjeong
29.7
Gunpo
31.3
Dangjeong
Obong [ko]
33.9
Uiwang
36.8
Sungkyunkwan University
39.4
Hwaseo
41.5
Suwon
44.4
Seryu
48.7
0.0
Byeongjeom
 
1.4
Byeongjeom rail yard
 
2.2
Seodongtan
51.1
Sema
53.8
Osan University
56.5
Osan
60.5
Jinwi
64.3
Songtan
66.5
Seojeongni
71.3
PyeongtaekJije
75.0
Pyeongtaek
84.4
Seonghwan
89.8
Jiksan
93.6
Dujeong
Cheonan connecting line
96.6
Cheonan
107.4
Sojeong-ri
114.9
Jeonui
122.6
Jeondong signal box
126.1
Seochang signal box
Osong line
Osing rail yard
129.3
Jochiwon
134.9
Naepan signal box
Bugang freight line
139.8
Bugang
144.4
Maepo
151.9
0.0
Sintanjin
 
1.6
Daejeon Maintenance Fascility
157.5
Hoedeok
161.6
Daejon rail yard
Honam line to Mokpo
166.3
Daejeon
173.6
Secheon
178.4
Jeungyak
Gahwa tunnel
182.5
Okcheon
Daejeon South connecting line
187.3
Gapung
Jinpyeong tunnel
190.8
Iwon
196.4
Jitan
200.8
Simcheon
204.6
Gakgye
211.6
Yeongdong
218.0
Mireuk
Hwanggan tunnel
226.2
Hwanggan
234.7
Chupungnyeong
240.7
Sinam
Taepyeong tunnel
246.2
Jikjisa
253.8
Gimcheon
Gamcheon River
263.5
Daesin
269.2
Apo
276.7
Gumi
281.3
Sagok
Sangmunal tunnel
289.5
Yamok
Nakdong River
296.0
Waegwan
302.2
Yeonhwa
305.9
Sindong
Sindong freight line
308.2
North Daegu connecting line
313.3
Jicheon
323.1
Daegu
326.3
East Daegu
former Daegu Line
331.8
Gomo
333.4
Gacheon
338.6
Gyeongsan
345.7
Samseong
Seonghyeon tunnel
353.1
Namseonghyeon
NR 20
361.8
Cheongdo
367.4
Singeo
Yucheon
372.2
Sangdong
374.8
Daeseong
Miryang tunnel
381.6
Miryang
392.6
Mijeon signal box
Mijeon Line
Gyeongjeon Line to Gwangju
394.1
Samnangjin
403.2
Wondong
412.4
Mulgeum
Yangsan Cargo Terminal
Yangsan River
Expressway No.600
Busan Ring Expressway
421.8
Hwamyeong
425.2
Gupo
430.3
Sasang
Busan coach yard
Beomil
Uam Line [ko]
439.9
Busanjin
440.2
441.7
Busan
km
Gyeongbu Line
Hangul
경부선
Hanja
京釜線
Revised RomanizationGyeongbuseon
McCune–ReischauerKyŏngbusŏn

All types of high-speed, express, local, and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length.

History edit

 
Groundbreaking celebration of the Keibu Railway (present Gyeongbu Line) from Keijō to Busan in 1901
 
Evolution of shortest travel times and top speeds between Seoul and Busan on the Gyeongbu line

In 1894–1895, the Empire of Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War for influence over Korea. Following the war, Japan competed with the Russian Empire's railway expansion in Northeast Asia, which led it to seek the right from the Korean Empire to build a railway from Busan to Keijō. This railway line was intended by Japan to solidify its strategic positions against Russia, which it would later go to war.[1] Surveying began in 1896, and in spite of local protests, the Korean Empire gave Japan the right to build the line in 1898.[2] Construction of the railway started on August 20, 1901, with a ceremony at Eitōho-ku, Keijō.[2] Construction was supervised by Japanese, with local Koreans commandeered into forced labor and paid with coupons.[2][1]

Japan also sought to gain control of the Keigi Railway project that was to continue tracks further north, recognizing the trunk route as a means to keep Korea under its influence.[1] After the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan ignored Korea's declaration of neutrality and transported troops to Incheon. Japan also forced the Korean government to sign an agreement that ceded its control of the railway. Japanese military bases were established in connection with the railway, the biggest of them next to Ryūzan Station in Keijō.[1]

The Gyeongbu line was publicly inaugurated on January 1, 1905 as the Keibu Railway (京釜鐵道, Keibu tetsudō).[2][3] The first trains travelled the line in 17 hours 4 minutes.[4] By April 1906, travel time was reduced to 11 hours,[4] while top speed was 60 km/h (37 mph).[5] The line developed into the backbone of transport in Korea under Japanese rule. Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, from April 1, 1933, the line was traversed by direct trains from Busan to Andong (today Dandong) across the border.[6] From December 1, 1936, the Akatsuki luxury express trains ran on the line with a maximum speed of 90 km/h (56 mph), and achieved the shortest pre-war travel time of 6 hours 30 minutes[4] in the timetable valid from November 1, 1940.[7]

Travel times increased greatly while the line was used for transport in World War II.[7] Following World War II, the Seoul–Busan express train re-established on May 20, 1946,[7] was named Chosun Liberator.[6] During the Korean War, the line transported troops and refugees.[8] The line remained the backbone of transport in South Korea after the war,[9] when diesel locomotives[6] and the cross-country Mugunghwa-ho train class was introduced.[4] Following the 1961 coup, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction started South Korea's first five-year plan, which included a construction program to complete the railway network, to foster economic growth.[10] On the Gyeongbu Line, the effort was advertised with a new class of express trains named Jaegeon-ho, (Reconstruction train) introduced on May 15, 1962.[6] These trains reduced travel times below the best pre-WWII travel times for the first time, connecting Seoul and Busan in 6 hours 10 minutes at a top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).[4]

From the 1960s, road construction began to make road transport more attractive and faster. Although top speed rose to 110 km/h (68 mph) and the Seoul–Busan travel time along the Gyeongbu Line was reduced to 4 hours 50 minutes by June 10, 1969,[4] on the parallel Gyeongbu Expressway, completed in 1970, travel time was only 4 hours to 4 hours 30 minutes.[9] Korean National Railroad responded by introducing the Saemaul-ho class of elevated-comfort express trains on August 15, 1974.[4] with the introduction of new streamlined diesel locomotives and then diesel multiple units in Saemaul-ho service,[6] top speed was raised to 140 km/h (87 mph) and travel time was reduced to 4 hours 10 minutes with the timetable valid from November 16, 1985.[4]

Upgrade edit

The Gyeongbu Line was extensively upgraded in parallel with the development of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway urban rapid transit system and the Korea Train Express (KTX) high-speed rail system from the 1970s.

The Gyeongbu Line is six-tracked from Seoul to Guro, four-tracked from Guro to Cheonan,[11] and double-tracked from Cheonan all the way to Busan. The entire line is electrified.[11]

Relationship with the KTX project edit

The SeoulBusan axis is Korea's main traffic corridor. In 1995, it housed 73.3% of Korea's population, and conducted 70% of the freight traffic and 66% of the passenger traffic. With both the Gyeongbu Expressway and Korail's Gyeongbu Line congested, the government saw the need to develop railways.[9] The first proposals for a second Seoul-Busan railway line originated from a study prepared between 1972 and 1974 by experts of France's SNCF and Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS) on a request from the IBRD.[9][12] A more detailed 1978-1981 study by KAIST, focusing on the needs of freight transport, also came to the conclusion that the necessary capacity for freight transport on the existing Gyeongbu Line could best be released by separating off long-distance passenger traffic on a parallel high speed passenger railway, which was then taken up in Korea's next Five Year Plan.[9]

Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the government decided to finish the Gyeongbu High Speed Railway (Gyeongbu HSR) in two phases, and upgrade and electrify the conventional Gyeongbu Line for KTX services on the sections paralleling the parts of the high-speed line not completed in the first phase.[9][13]

Plans foresaw the development of the Gyeongbu Line into a high-capacity freight corridor after the completion of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR.[14] At the time of the opening of the Daegu–Busan section of the high-speed line on November 1, 2010, capacity available for freight trains on the conventional line was expected to increase by a factor of 7.7, while the capacity for passenger transport in the entire corridor increased by a factor of 3.4.[15]

Electrification edit

The line was electrified in stages from 1974 to 2006:[11]

Section Length Start of electric operation Notes
Seoul–Suwon 41.5 km August 15, 1974 Integration into Seoul Subway Line 1
Yeongdeungpo–Suwon 32.3 km December 23, 1981 Second pair of tracks
Yongsan–Guro 8.5 km December 30, 1996 Third pair of tracks
Suwon–Byeongjeom 7.2 km April 30, 2003 Four tracks; extension of Seoul Subway Line 1
Byeongjeom–Cheonan 48.4 km January 20, 2005 Four tracks
Cheonan–Jochiwon 32.7 km March 30, 2005
Jochiwon–Daejeonjochajang 34.9 km July 1, 2005
Daejeonjochajang–Daejeon–Okcheon 20.7 km April 1, 2004 For KTX trains
Okcheon–Sangdong 125.3 km Dec 8, 2006
Sangdong–Daegu–Busan 132.8 km April 1, 2004 For KTX trains

For KTX trains and new electric locomotives, top speed was also raised to up to 150 km/h.[11][16]

Services edit

The Gyeongbu Line is the major route out of Seoul and Yongsan stations and, in addition to regular departures for Busan, trains travel along the Gyeongbu Line en route to Janghang, Gwangju, Mokpo, Suncheon, Yeosu, Pohang, Ulsan, Haeundae, Masan, and Jinju. Trains for Jecheon, Andong, and Yeongju also operate along sections of the Gyeongbu Line.

On the section between Seoul Station, Guro (where roughly half of the trains leave the Gyeongbu Line to head out to Incheon via the Gyeongin Line), Suwon, and Byeongjeom, Seoul Subway Line 1 provides frequent commuter services.

The Gyeongbu Line is served along its entire length by frequent intercity Saemaul-ho and cross-country Mugunghwa-ho trains. Some trains run along the entire length of the line, others only on some sections, including trains diverging to the connected lines. As of October 2010, direct Saemaul day trains connect Seoul to Busan in a minimum 4 hours 50 minutes, and Mughungwa trains in a minimum 5 hours 28 minutes.[17]

KTX edit

Korail launched KTX high-speed services with the opening of the first phase of the Gyeongbu HSR on April 1, 2004.[9] The Seoul–Busan travel distance was shortened to 408.5 km, the shortest travel time was 2 hours 40 minutes.[9]

All KTX services use the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Seoul and the start of the Siheung Interconnection at a junction after Geumcheon-gu Office station, until the Siheung Interconnection diverges in a tunnel towards the present start of the Gyeongbu HSR. The terminal for most Gyeongbu KTX services is Seoul Station, for most Honam KTX services, Yongsan station.[9][17] In addition, some trains continue beyond Seoul Station for 14.9 km along the Gyeongui Line to terminate at Haengsin station,[17] next to which KTX trains have a depot.[18] An additional stop at Yeongdeungpo station was proposed in 2004, however, the plans were dropped in face of opposition from locals living around Gwangmyeong station along the Gyeongbu HSR, who feared that Yeongdeungpo would draw away passengers from the new station and force its closing.[19] However, the November 1, 2010, timetable change made Yeongdeungpo a KTX stop, for newly introduced trains that also use the Gyeongbu Line on the entire Seoul–Daejeon section, to serve Suwon.[17][20]

From its opening, the Gyeongbu KTX service also returned to the Gyeongbu Line for two short sections crossing Daejeon and Daegu, where local disputes about the high-speed line alignment across urban areas held up construction;[21] and all the way from Daegu to Busan. Consequently, all but two of the stations of the Gyeongbu KTX service were on the conventional Gyeongbu Line: after the two stations on the high-speed line, Gwangmyeong and Cheonan-Asan, stops were at Daejeon, Dongdaegu (East Daegu), Miryang, Gupo and Busan.[9] Some Gyeongbu KTX services maintained service on this relation after the November 1, 2010, opening of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR, with the daily number of halts in Miryang and Gupo increased.[17] Korail met local demands by introducing additional KTX services between Seoul and Dongdaegu in June 2007, which used the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Daejeon and Dongdaegu to serve Gimcheon and Gumi.[22] However, these services were discontinued with the opening of the Gimcheon–Gumi station on the high-speed line.[22]

The section between Daegu and Samnangjin, the junction with the Gyeongjeon Line, is also used by the Gyeongjeon KTX services, which connect Seoul to Masan on the Gyeongjeon Line since December 15, 2010,[23] and will be extended to Jinju by 2012.[24] Stops along the Gyeongbu Line will be at Dongdaegu and Miryang.

Evolution of long-distance passenger traffic edit

Between Seoul and Cheonan, the Mugunghwa and Saemaul express trains on the Gyeongbu Line gave rail around a fifth of the modal share before the launch of KTX services. Due to the short distance and the location of the KTX station outside the city, the conventional line could retain most of its passengers, and the increase in the total modal share of rail was modest.[9] On the medium-distance relation from Seoul to Daejeon, KTX gained market share mostly at the expense of normal express services on the Gyeongbu Line, which decreased by half in the first year, while the total share of rail increased to a third.[9] On the long-distance relations from Seoul to Daegu and Busan, the total share of rail increased from around two-fifths to a market dominating three-fifths, with the bulk of that traffic taken by the KTX. For intercity passenger traffic on the conventional Gyeongbu Line, that translates to a sharp drop on the Daejeon-Daegu section (bypassed by KTX trains) and a sharp increase on the Daegu-Busan section.[9]

Railway modal share in intercity traffic[9]
Seoul to... Cheonan Daejeon Daegu Busan
Period Total Without KTX Total Without KTX Total Without KTX Total Without KTX
2003/4 21.1% 21.1% 27.5% 27.5% 40.5% 40.5% 38.0% 38.0%
2004/5 24.2% 19.2% 33.9% 14.0% 63.6% 11.4% 60.9% 10.6%

Station list edit

Stops at the station
Does not stop at the station
Limited service(Line 1), Some train stops(Long Distance)
Station Hangul Hanja   Seoul Subway Line 1 Long Distance Services Connecting lines
and services
Station
distance
Line
distance
Location
L R   ITX Mugungwha km
Seoul 서울
  Gyeongbu HSR
  Seoul Subway Line 4
  AREX
- 0.0 Seoul Jung-gu
Namyeong 남영 南營
- 1.7 Yongsan-gu
Yongsan 용산 龍山
[note 1]
Gyeongwon Line
( )
Yongsan Line
Honam Line
  Honam KTX
1.5 3.2
Noryangjin 노량진 鷺梁津
  Seoul Subway Line 9 2.6 5.8 Dongjak-gu
Daebang
(Sungae Hospital)
대방
(성애병원)
大方
- 1.5 7.3 Yeongdeungpo-gu
Singil 신길 新吉
  Seoul Subway Line 5 0.8 8.1
Yeongdeungpo 영등포 永登浦
[note 2]
  Gyeongbu HSR 1.0 9.1
Sindorim 신도림 新道林
  Seoul Subway Line 2
Sinjeong Branch
(Seoul Subway Line 2)
1.5 10.6 Guro-gu
Guro 구로 九老
Gyeongin Line
(Seoul Subway Line 1)
1.1 11.7
Gasan Digital Complex
(Mario Outlet)
가산디지털단지
(마리오아울렛)
加山디지털團地
  Seoul Subway Line 7 2.4 14.1 Geumcheon-gu
Doksan 독산 禿山
- 2.0 16.1
Geumcheon-gu Office 금천구청 衿川區廳
Gwangmyeong Line
(Seoul Subway Line 1)
1.2 17.3
Seoksu 석수 石水
- 2.3 19.6 Gyeonggi-do Anyang
Gwanak 관악 冠岳
1.9 21.5
Anyang 안양 安養
2.4 23.9
Myeonghak
(Sungkyul Univ.)
명학
(성결대앞교)
鳴鶴
2.2 26.1
Geumjeong 금정 衿井
  Gwacheon Line
(Seoul Subway Line 4)
  Ansan Line
(Seoul Subway Line 4)
1.4 27.5 Gunpo
Gunpo 군포 軍浦
- 2.2 29.7
Dangjeong
(Hansei Univ.)
당정
(한세대)
堂井
1.6 31.3
Uiwang
(Korea Nat'l Univ. of Transportation)
의왕
(한국교통대학교)
義王
  Seoul Subway Line 1
Nambu Hwamulgiji Line
4.2 33.9 Uiwang
Sungkyunkwan Univ. 성균관대 成均館大
- 2.9 36.8 Suwon
Hwaseo 화서 華西
2.6 39.4
Suwon 수원 水原
[note 2]
  Gyeongbu HSR
  Suin-Bundang Line
2.1 41.5
Seryu 세류 細柳
- 2.9 44.4
Byeongjeom
(Hanshin Univ.)
병점
(한신대)
餅店
Byeongjeomgiji Line
(Seoul Subway Line 1)
4.3 48.7 Hwaseong
Sema 세마 洗馬
- 2.4 51.1 Osan
Osan Univ. 오산대 烏山大
2.7 53.8
Osan 오산 烏山
2.7 56.5
Jinwi 진위 振威
4.0 60.5 Pyeongtaek
Songtan 송탄 松炭
3.8 64.3
Seojeongni
(Kookje College)
서정리
(국제대학)
西井里
2.2 66.5
PyeongtaekJije
(Korea Nat'l Univ. of Welfare)
평택지제
(한국복지대학)
平澤芝制
  Suseo-Pyeongtaek HSR 4.8 71.3
Pyeongtaek 평택 平澤
3.7 75.0
Seonghwan
(Namseoul Univ.)
성환
(남서울대)
成歡
9.4 84.4 Chungcheongnam-do Cheonan
Jiksan 직산 稷山
5.4 89.8
Dujeong 두정 斗井
3.8 93.6
Cheonan 천안 天安
Janghang Line
Anseong Line (Closed)
3.0 96.6
Sojeong-ri 소정리 小井里 No Seoul Subway Line 1 Service
- 10.8 107.4 Sejong City
Jeonui 전의 全義
7.5 114.9
Jeondong 전동 全東
7.7 122.6
Seochang 서창 瑞倉
Osong Line 3.5 126.1
Jochiwon 조치원 鳥致院
Chungbuk Line 3.2 129.3
Naepan 내판 內板
- 5.6 134.9
Bugang 부강 芙江
4.9 139.8
Maepo 매포 梅浦
4.6 144.4
Sintanjin 신탄진 新灘津
7.5 151.9 Daejeon Daedeok-gu
Hoedeok 회덕 懷德
5.6 157.5
Daejeonjochajang 대전조차장 大田操車場
Honam Line 4.1 161.6
Daejeon 대전 大田
    Gyeongbu HSR
Daejeon Line
Daejeon Subway Line 1
4.7 166.3 Dong-gu
Secheon 세천 細川
- 7.6 173.6
Jeungyak
(Closed)
증약 增若
- Chungcheongbuk-do Okcheon-gun
Okcheon 옥천 沃川
8.0 182.5
Gapung
(Closed)
가풍 加豊
-
Iwon 이원 伊院
8.3 190.8
Jitan 지탄 池灘
5.6 196.4
Simcheon 심천 深川
4.4 200.8 Yeongdong-gun
Gakgye 각계 覺溪
3.8 204.6
Yeongdong 영동 永同
7.0 211.6
Mireuk
(Closed)
미륵 彌勒
-
Hwanggan 황간 黃澗
14.6 226.2
Chupungnyeong 추풍령 秋風嶺
8.5 234.7
Sinam 신암 新岩
6.0 240.7 Gyeongsangbuk-do Gimcheon
Jikjisa 직지사 直指寺
5.5 246.2
Gimcheon 김천 金泉
Gyeongbuk Line 7.6 253.8
Daesin 대신 大新
- 9.7 263.5
Apo 아포

gyeongbu, line, high, speed, railway, gyeongbu, high, speed, railway, gyeongbu, line, gyeongbuseon, railway, line, south, korea, considered, most, important, oldest, country, constructed, 1905, connecting, seoul, with, busan, suwon, daejeon, daegu, most, heavi. For the high speed railway see Gyeongbu high speed railway The Gyeongbu line Gyeongbuseon is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country It was constructed in 1905 connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon Daejeon and Daegu It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea Gyeongbu lineOverviewNative name경부선 京釜線 OwnerKorea Rail Network AuthorityLine number302 KR TerminiSeoulBusanStations90ServiceTypePassenger freight railOperator s KorailDepot s Guro ByeongjeomHistoryOpenedJanuary 1 1905TechnicalLine length441 7 km 274 5 mi Number of tracks6 Seoul Guro 4 Guro Cheonan 2 Cheonan Busan Track gauge1 435 mm 4 ft 8 1 2 in Electrification25 kV 60 Hz CatenaryOperating speed150 km h 93 mph Route mapLegend km Seoul Subway Line 1 0 0 Seoul Gyeongui Jungang Line DC section AC sectionneutral section 1 7 Namyeong Gyeongui Jungang Line 3 2 Yongsan Gyeongui Jungang Line Yongsan wye Yongsan rail yard Han River 5 8 Noryangjin 7 3 Daebang 8 1 Singil 9 1 Yeongdeungpo 10 6 Sindorim 11 7 Guro Gyeongin Line to Incheon Guro rail yard 14 1 Gasan Digital Complex 16 1 Doksan 17 3 Geumcheon gu Office 0 0 Gyeongbu HSRSiheung connecting line 4 7 Gwangmyeong 19 6 Seoksu 21 5 Gwanak 23 9 Anyang 26 1 Myeonghak Seoul Subway Line 4 Northbound Southbound 27 5 Geumjeong Seoul Subway Line 4 29 7 Gunpo 31 3 Dangjeong Obong ko 33 9 Uiwang 36 8 Sungkyunkwan University 39 4 Hwaseo 41 5 Suwon Suin Line 44 4 Seryu 48 70 0 Byeongjeom 1 4 Byeongjeom rail yard 2 2 Seodongtan 51 1 Sema 53 8 Osan University 56 5 Osan 60 5 Jinwi 64 3 Songtan 66 5 Seojeongni 71 3 PyeongtaekJije 75 0 Pyeongtaek 84 4 Seonghwan 89 8 Jiksan 93 6 Dujeong Cheonan connecting line 96 6 Cheonan Janghang Line to Iksan Expressway No 25Nonsan Cheonan Expy CheonanSejong Gyeongbu HSR 107 4 Sojeong ri 114 9 Jeonui 122 6 Jeondong signal box 126 1 Seochang signal box Osong line Osing rail yard Chungbuk Line 129 3 Jochiwon Miho River 134 9 Naepan signal box Bugang freight line Honam HSR 139 8 Bugang 144 4 Maepo Gyeongbu HSR SejongDaejeon 151 90 0 Sintanjin NR 17 1 6 Daejeon Maintenance Fascility NR 17 157 5 Hoedeok AH 1 Expressway No 1Gyeongbu Expy NR 17 Gyeongbu HSR 161 6 Daejon rail yard Honam line to Mokpo 166 3 Daejeon Gyeongbu HSR 173 6 Secheon DaejeonNorth Chungcheong 178 4 Jeungyak Gahwa tunnel 182 5 Okcheon Daejeon South connecting line 187 3 Gapung Gyeongbu HSR Jinpyeong tunnel 190 8 Iwon Gyeongbu HSR Geum River 196 4 Jitan 200 8 Simcheon Chogangcheon River Gyeongbu HSR 204 6 Gakgye 211 6 Yeongdong Gyeongbu HSR 218 0 Mireuk AH 1 Expressway No 1Gyeongbu Expy Hwanggan tunnel 226 2 Hwanggan 234 7 Chupungnyeong N ChungcheongN Gyeongsang Chupungnyeongpass AH 1 Expressway No 1Gyeongbu Expy 240 7 Sinam signal box Taepyeong tunnel Gyeongbu HSR 246 2 Jikjisa Gyeongbuk Line 253 8 Gimcheon Gamcheon River Gyeongbu HSR NR 3 263 5 Daesin 269 2 Apo Expressway No 45Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway 276 7 Gumi 281 3 Sagok Sangmunal tunnel Gyeongbu HSR 289 5 Yamok Nakdong River 296 0 Waegwan 302 2 Yeonhwa AH 1 Expressway No 1Gyeongbu Expy 305 9 Sindong Sindong freight line 308 2 North Daegu connecting line 313 3 Jicheon AH 1 Expressway No 1Gyeongbu Expy GeumhoRiver North GyeongsangDaegu Expressway No 451Jungbu Naeryuk Expy Branch 323 1 Daegu 326 3 East Daegu former Daegu Line Gyeongbu HSR 331 8 Gomo 333 4 Gacheon Daegu Line DaeguNorth Gyeongsang 338 6 Gyeongsan Expressway No 55Jungang Expressway 345 7 Samseong Seonghyeon tunnel 353 1 Namseonghyeon NR 20 361 8 Cheongdo 367 4 Singeo Yucheon MiryangRiver North GyeongsangSouth Gyeongsang 372 2 Sangdong Miryang River 374 8 Daeseong NR 24 Miryang tunnel Miryang River 381 6 Miryang 392 6 Mijeon signal boxMijeon Line Gyeongjeon Line to Gwangju 394 1 Samnangjin 403 2 Wondong 412 4 Mulgeum Expressway No 551Jungang Expressway Branch Yangsan Cargo Terminal Yangsan River South GyeongsangBusan Expressway No 600Busan Ring Expressway 421 8 Hwamyeong NR 14 425 2 Gupo Expressway No 55Jungang Expressway 430 3 Sasang Gaya Line Busan coach yard Donghae Line Beomil Uam Line ko 439 9 Busanjin 440 2 Gyeongbu HSR 441 7 Busan km Gyeongbu LineHangul경부선Hanja京釜線Revised RomanizationGyeongbuseonMcCune ReischauerKyŏngbusŏn All types of high speed express local and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length Contents 1 History 2 Upgrade 2 1 Relationship with the KTX project 2 2 Electrification 3 Services 3 1 KTX 3 2 Evolution of long distance passenger traffic 4 Station list 4 1 Notes 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp Groundbreaking celebration of the Keibu Railway present Gyeongbu Line from Keijō to Busan in 1901 nbsp Evolution of shortest travel times and top speeds between Seoul and Busan on the Gyeongbu line In 1894 1895 the Empire of Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino Japanese War for influence over Korea Following the war Japan competed with the Russian Empire s railway expansion in Northeast Asia which led it to seek the right from the Korean Empire to build a railway from Busan to Keijō This railway line was intended by Japan to solidify its strategic positions against Russia which it would later go to war 1 Surveying began in 1896 and in spite of local protests the Korean Empire gave Japan the right to build the line in 1898 2 Construction of the railway started on August 20 1901 with a ceremony at Eitōho ku Keijō 2 Construction was supervised by Japanese with local Koreans commandeered into forced labor and paid with coupons 2 1 Japan also sought to gain control of the Keigi Railway project that was to continue tracks further north recognizing the trunk route as a means to keep Korea under its influence 1 After the outbreak of the Russo Japanese War Japan ignored Korea s declaration of neutrality and transported troops to Incheon Japan also forced the Korean government to sign an agreement that ceded its control of the railway Japanese military bases were established in connection with the railway the biggest of them next to Ryuzan Station in Keijō 1 The Gyeongbu line was publicly inaugurated on January 1 1905 as the Keibu Railway 京釜鐵道 Keibu tetsudō 2 3 The first trains travelled the line in 17 hours 4 minutes 4 By April 1906 travel time was reduced to 11 hours 4 while top speed was 60 km h 37 mph 5 The line developed into the backbone of transport in Korea under Japanese rule Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria from April 1 1933 the line was traversed by direct trains from Busan to Andong today Dandong across the border 6 From December 1 1936 the Akatsuki luxury express trains ran on the line with a maximum speed of 90 km h 56 mph and achieved the shortest pre war travel time of 6 hours 30 minutes 4 in the timetable valid from November 1 1940 7 Travel times increased greatly while the line was used for transport in World War II 7 Following World War II the Seoul Busan express train re established on May 20 1946 7 was named Chosun Liberator 6 During the Korean War the line transported troops and refugees 8 The line remained the backbone of transport in South Korea after the war 9 when diesel locomotives 6 and the cross country Mugunghwa ho train class was introduced 4 Following the 1961 coup the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction started South Korea s first five year plan which included a construction program to complete the railway network to foster economic growth 10 On the Gyeongbu Line the effort was advertised with a new class of express trains named Jaegeon ho Reconstruction train introduced on May 15 1962 6 These trains reduced travel times below the best pre WWII travel times for the first time connecting Seoul and Busan in 6 hours 10 minutes at a top speed of 100 km h 62 mph 4 From the 1960s road construction began to make road transport more attractive and faster Although top speed rose to 110 km h 68 mph and the Seoul Busan travel time along the Gyeongbu Line was reduced to 4 hours 50 minutes by June 10 1969 4 on the parallel Gyeongbu Expressway completed in 1970 travel time was only 4 hours to 4 hours 30 minutes 9 Korean National Railroad responded by introducing the Saemaul ho class of elevated comfort express trains on August 15 1974 4 with the introduction of new streamlined diesel locomotives and then diesel multiple units in Saemaul ho service 6 top speed was raised to 140 km h 87 mph and travel time was reduced to 4 hours 10 minutes with the timetable valid from November 16 1985 4 Upgrade editThe Gyeongbu Line was extensively upgraded in parallel with the development of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway urban rapid transit system and the Korea Train Express KTX high speed rail system from the 1970s The Gyeongbu Line is six tracked from Seoul to Guro four tracked from Guro to Cheonan 11 and double tracked from Cheonan all the way to Busan The entire line is electrified 11 Relationship with the KTX project edit The Seoul Busan axis is Korea s main traffic corridor In 1995 it housed 73 3 of Korea s population and conducted 70 of the freight traffic and 66 of the passenger traffic With both the Gyeongbu Expressway and Korail s Gyeongbu Line congested the government saw the need to develop railways 9 The first proposals for a second Seoul Busan railway line originated from a study prepared between 1972 and 1974 by experts of France s SNCF and Japan Railway Technical Service JARTS on a request from the IBRD 9 12 A more detailed 1978 1981 study by KAIST focusing on the needs of freight transport also came to the conclusion that the necessary capacity for freight transport on the existing Gyeongbu Line could best be released by separating off long distance passenger traffic on a parallel high speed passenger railway which was then taken up in Korea s next Five Year Plan 9 Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis the government decided to finish the Gyeongbu High Speed Railway Gyeongbu HSR in two phases and upgrade and electrify the conventional Gyeongbu Line for KTX services on the sections paralleling the parts of the high speed line not completed in the first phase 9 13 Plans foresaw the development of the Gyeongbu Line into a high capacity freight corridor after the completion of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR 14 At the time of the opening of the Daegu Busan section of the high speed line on November 1 2010 capacity available for freight trains on the conventional line was expected to increase by a factor of 7 7 while the capacity for passenger transport in the entire corridor increased by a factor of 3 4 15 Electrification edit The line was electrified in stages from 1974 to 2006 11 Section Length Start of electric operation Notes Seoul Suwon 41 5 km August 15 1974 Integration into Seoul Subway Line 1 Yeongdeungpo Suwon 32 3 km December 23 1981 Second pair of tracks Yongsan Guro 8 5 km December 30 1996 Third pair of tracks Suwon Byeongjeom 7 2 km April 30 2003 Four tracks extension of Seoul Subway Line 1 Byeongjeom Cheonan 48 4 km January 20 2005 Four tracks Cheonan Jochiwon 32 7 km March 30 2005 Jochiwon Daejeonjochajang 34 9 km July 1 2005 Daejeonjochajang Daejeon Okcheon 20 7 km April 1 2004 For KTX trains Okcheon Sangdong 125 3 km Dec 8 2006 Sangdong Daegu Busan 132 8 km April 1 2004 For KTX trains For KTX trains and new electric locomotives top speed was also raised to up to 150 km h 11 16 Services editThe Gyeongbu Line is the major route out of Seoul and Yongsan stations and in addition to regular departures for Busan trains travel along the Gyeongbu Line en route to Janghang Gwangju Mokpo Suncheon Yeosu Pohang Ulsan Haeundae Masan and Jinju Trains for Jecheon Andong and Yeongju also operate along sections of the Gyeongbu Line On the section between Seoul Station Guro where roughly half of the trains leave the Gyeongbu Line to head out to Incheon via the Gyeongin Line Suwon and Byeongjeom Seoul Subway Line 1 provides frequent commuter services The Gyeongbu Line is served along its entire length by frequent intercity Saemaul ho and cross country Mugunghwa ho trains Some trains run along the entire length of the line others only on some sections including trains diverging to the connected lines As of October 2010 direct Saemaul day trains connect Seoul to Busan in a minimum 4 hours 50 minutes and Mughungwa trains in a minimum 5 hours 28 minutes 17 KTX edit Main article Gyeongbu High Speed Railway Korail launched KTX high speed services with the opening of the first phase of the Gyeongbu HSR on April 1 2004 9 The Seoul Busan travel distance was shortened to 408 5 km the shortest travel time was 2 hours 40 minutes 9 All KTX services use the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Seoul and the start of the Siheung Interconnection at a junction after Geumcheon gu Office station until the Siheung Interconnection diverges in a tunnel towards the present start of the Gyeongbu HSR The terminal for most Gyeongbu KTX services is Seoul Station for most Honam KTX services Yongsan station 9 17 In addition some trains continue beyond Seoul Station for 14 9 km along the Gyeongui Line to terminate at Haengsin station 17 next to which KTX trains have a depot 18 An additional stop at Yeongdeungpo station was proposed in 2004 however the plans were dropped in face of opposition from locals living around Gwangmyeong station along the Gyeongbu HSR who feared that Yeongdeungpo would draw away passengers from the new station and force its closing 19 However the November 1 2010 timetable change made Yeongdeungpo a KTX stop for newly introduced trains that also use the Gyeongbu Line on the entire Seoul Daejeon section to serve Suwon 17 20 From its opening the Gyeongbu KTX service also returned to the Gyeongbu Line for two short sections crossing Daejeon and Daegu where local disputes about the high speed line alignment across urban areas held up construction 21 and all the way from Daegu to Busan Consequently all but two of the stations of the Gyeongbu KTX service were on the conventional Gyeongbu Line after the two stations on the high speed line Gwangmyeong and Cheonan Asan stops were at Daejeon Dongdaegu East Daegu Miryang Gupo and Busan 9 Some Gyeongbu KTX services maintained service on this relation after the November 1 2010 opening of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR with the daily number of halts in Miryang and Gupo increased 17 Korail met local demands by introducing additional KTX services between Seoul and Dongdaegu in June 2007 which used the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Daejeon and Dongdaegu to serve Gimcheon and Gumi 22 However these services were discontinued with the opening of the Gimcheon Gumi station on the high speed line 22 The section between Daegu and Samnangjin the junction with the Gyeongjeon Line is also used by the Gyeongjeon KTX services which connect Seoul to Masan on the Gyeongjeon Line since December 15 2010 23 and will be extended to Jinju by 2012 24 Stops along the Gyeongbu Line will be at Dongdaegu and Miryang Evolution of long distance passenger traffic edit Between Seoul and Cheonan the Mugunghwa and Saemaul express trains on the Gyeongbu Line gave rail around a fifth of the modal share before the launch of KTX services Due to the short distance and the location of the KTX station outside the city the conventional line could retain most of its passengers and the increase in the total modal share of rail was modest 9 On the medium distance relation from Seoul to Daejeon KTX gained market share mostly at the expense of normal express services on the Gyeongbu Line which decreased by half in the first year while the total share of rail increased to a third 9 On the long distance relations from Seoul to Daegu and Busan the total share of rail increased from around two fifths to a market dominating three fifths with the bulk of that traffic taken by the KTX For intercity passenger traffic on the conventional Gyeongbu Line that translates to a sharp drop on the Daejeon Daegu section bypassed by KTX trains and a sharp increase on the Daegu Busan section 9 Railway modal share in intercity traffic 9 Seoul to Cheonan Daejeon Daegu Busan Period Total Without KTX Total Without KTX Total Without KTX Total Without KTX 2003 4 21 1 21 1 27 5 27 5 40 5 40 5 38 0 38 0 2004 5 24 2 19 2 33 9 14 0 63 6 11 4 60 9 10 6 Station list edit Stops at the station Does not stop at the station Limited service Line 1 Some train stops Long Distance Station Hangul Hanja nbsp Seoul Subway Line 1 Long Distance Services Connecting linesand services Stationdistance Linedistance Location L R nbsp ITX Mugungwha km Seoul 서울 nbsp Gyeongbu HSR nbsp Seoul Subway Line 4 nbsp AREX 0 0 Seoul Jung gu Namyeong 남영 南營 1 7 Yongsan gu Yongsan 용산 龍山 note 1 Gyeongwon Line nbsp Yongsan Line Honam Line nbsp Honam KTX 1 5 3 2 Noryangjin 노량진 鷺梁津 nbsp Seoul Subway Line 9 2 6 5 8 Dongjak gu Daebang Sungae Hospital 대방 성애병원 大方 1 5 7 3 Yeongdeungpo gu Singil 신길 新吉 nbsp Seoul Subway Line 5 0 8 8 1 Yeongdeungpo 영등포 永登浦 note 2 nbsp Gyeongbu HSR 1 0 9 1 Sindorim 신도림 新道林 nbsp Seoul Subway Line 2 Sinjeong Branch Seoul Subway Line 2 1 5 10 6 Guro gu Guro 구로 九老 Gyeongin Line Seoul Subway Line 1 1 1 11 7 Gasan Digital Complex Mario Outlet 가산디지털단지 마리오아울렛 加山디지털團地 nbsp Seoul Subway Line 7 2 4 14 1 Geumcheon gu Doksan 독산 禿山 2 0 16 1 Geumcheon gu Office 금천구청 衿川區廳 Gwangmyeong Line Seoul Subway Line 1 1 2 17 3 Seoksu 석수 石水 2 3 19 6 Gyeonggi do Anyang Gwanak 관악 冠岳 1 9 21 5 Anyang 안양 安養 2 4 23 9 Myeonghak Sungkyul Univ 명학 성결대앞교 鳴鶴 2 2 26 1 Geumjeong 금정 衿井 nbsp Gwacheon Line Seoul Subway Line 4 nbsp Ansan Line Seoul Subway Line 4 1 4 27 5 Gunpo Gunpo 군포 軍浦 2 2 29 7 Dangjeong Hansei Univ 당정 한세대 堂井 1 6 31 3 Uiwang Korea Nat l Univ of Transportation 의왕 한국교통대학교 義王 nbsp Seoul Subway Line 1 Nambu Hwamulgiji Line 4 2 33 9 Uiwang Sungkyunkwan Univ 성균관대 成均館大 2 9 36 8 Suwon Hwaseo 화서 華西 2 6 39 4 Suwon 수원 水原 note 2 nbsp Gyeongbu HSR nbsp Suin Bundang Line 2 1 41 5 Seryu 세류 細柳 2 9 44 4 Byeongjeom Hanshin Univ 병점 한신대 餅店 Byeongjeomgiji Line Seoul Subway Line 1 4 3 48 7 Hwaseong Sema 세마 洗馬 2 4 51 1 Osan Osan Univ 오산대 烏山大 2 7 53 8 Osan 오산 烏山 2 7 56 5 Jinwi 진위 振威 4 0 60 5 Pyeongtaek Songtan 송탄 松炭 3 8 64 3 Seojeongni Kookje College 서정리 국제대학 西井里 2 2 66 5 PyeongtaekJije Korea Nat l Univ of Welfare 평택지제 한국복지대학 平澤芝制 nbsp Suseo Pyeongtaek HSR 4 8 71 3 Pyeongtaek 평택 平澤 3 7 75 0 Seonghwan Namseoul Univ 성환 남서울대 成歡 9 4 84 4 Chungcheongnam do Cheonan Jiksan 직산 稷山 5 4 89 8 Dujeong 두정 斗井 3 8 93 6 Cheonan 천안 天安 Janghang Line Anseong Line Closed 3 0 96 6 Sojeong ri 소정리 小井里 No Seoul Subway Line 1 Service 10 8 107 4 Sejong City Jeonui 전의 全義 7 5 114 9 Jeondong 전동 全東 7 7 122 6 Seochang 서창 瑞倉 Osong Line 3 5 126 1 Jochiwon 조치원 鳥致院 Chungbuk Line 3 2 129 3 Naepan 내판 內板 5 6 134 9 Bugang 부강 芙江 4 9 139 8 Maepo 매포 梅浦 4 6 144 4 Sintanjin 신탄진 新灘津 7 5 151 9 Daejeon Daedeok gu Hoedeok 회덕 懷德 5 6 157 5 Daejeonjochajang 대전조차장 大田操車場 Honam Line 4 1 161 6 Daejeon 대전 大田 nbsp nbsp Gyeongbu HSR Daejeon Line Daejeon Subway Line 1 4 7 166 3 Dong gu Secheon 세천 細川 7 6 173 6 Jeungyak Closed 증약 增若 Chungcheongbuk do Okcheon gun Okcheon 옥천 沃川 8 0 182 5 Gapung Closed 가풍 加豊 Iwon 이원 伊院 8 3 190 8 Jitan 지탄 池灘 5 6 196 4 Simcheon 심천 深川 4 4 200 8 Yeongdong gun Gakgye 각계 覺溪 3 8 204 6 Yeongdong 영동 永同 7 0 211 6 Mireuk Closed 미륵 彌勒 Hwanggan 황간 黃澗 14 6 226 2 Chupungnyeong 추풍령 秋風嶺 8 5 234 7 Sinam 신암 新岩 6 0 240 7 Gyeongsangbuk do Gimcheon Jikjisa 직지사 直指寺 5 5 246 2 Gimcheon 김천 金泉 Gyeongbuk Line 7 6 253 8 Daesin 대신 大新 9 7 263 5 Apo 아포, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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