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Dandong

Dandong (simplified Chinese: 丹东; traditional Chinese: 丹東; pinyin: Dāndōng; lit. "Red East"), formerly known as Andong, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning province, in the northeastern region of People's Republic of China.

Dandong
丹东市
Tantung, Antung
View of Dandong's skyline on the Yalu River
Location of Dandong City jurisdiction in Liaoning
Dandong
Location of the city center in Liaoning
Coordinates (Dandong Customs): 40°07′16″N 124°23′39″E / 40.1211°N 124.3943°E / 40.1211; 124.3943
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceLiaoning
Municipal seatZhenxing District
Districts and Counties
List
  • Zhenxing District
  • Yuanbao District
  • Zhen'an District
  • Fengcheng City
  • Donggang City
  • Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County
Government
 • CCP SecretaryPei Weidong
 • Congress ChairpersonYu Bing
 • MayorHao Jianjun
 • Prefectural CPPCC ChairpersonSong Liyue
Area
 • Prefecture-level city14,782 km2 (5,707 sq mi)
 • Urban
995.2 km2 (384.2 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,184.2 km2 (457.2 sq mi)
Elevation
8 m (27 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city2,188,436
 • Density150/km2 (380/sq mi)
 • Urban
815,858
 • Urban density820/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,175,199
 • Metro density990/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
118000
Area code415
ISO 3166 codeCN-LN-06
GDP (Nominal)2022
 - TotalCN¥89.07 billion
(US$15.81 billion)
 - Per capitaCN¥40,791
(US$6,549)
Licence plates辽F
Administrative division code210600
Websitewww.dandong.gov.cn
Dandong
"Dandong", as written in Chinese
Simplified Chinese丹东
Traditional Chinese丹東
PostalTantung
Antung (until 1965)
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDāndōng
Wade–GilesTan1-tung1
Andong
Simplified Chinese安东
Traditional Chinese安東
PostalAntung
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀndōng
Wade–GilesAn1-tung1

It is the largest Chinese border city,[2] facing Sinuiju, North Korea, across the Yalu River, which demarcates the Sino-North Korean border. To the southwest of the city, the river flows into Korea Bay. Dandong has therefore had a dynamic history because of its strategic location for the northeast's rich natural resources and because of its convenient access to the ocean. It is designated as a major export production centre for the province, and is a port city connected by rail with Shenyang and Sinuiju. A significant amount of trade with North Korea flows through the city.[3]

The size of the administrative city (prefecture) is 14,981.4 square kilometres (5,784.4 sq mi).[4] As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,188,436 inhabitants and the built-up area made of 3 urban districts is 830 square kilometres (320 sq mi) (815,576 inhabitants) and Sinuju, the North Korean neighboring city (359,341 inhabitants), was home to 1,175,199 inhabitants in 2020.[1]

Geography edit

 
Dandong (labelled as AN-TUNG 安東) (1954)

Dandong is located on the western border of North Korea and the northwest (right) shore of the Yalu River, facing Sinuiju to the southeast. It is situated on the southeast corner of the Liaodong Peninsula, near the mouth of the Yalu River, which empties into the Korea Bay, which is part of the Yellow Sea. There are 120 kilometres (75 mi) of coastline and islands including Dalu Island (大鹿岛; lit. "great deer island") and Xiaomai Island (小麦岛; lit. "wheat island").

Dandong City ranges in latitude from 39° 43' to 41° 09' N and in longitude from 123° 22' to 125° 41' E, and at its greatest spans 196 kilometres (122 mi) from east to west and 160 kilometres (99 mi) from south to north.[4] Bordering prefectures are Dalian (SW), Anshan (W), Liaoyang (NW), and Benxi (N).

Climate edit

The area has long winters, and humid, somewhat hot summers belonging to the humid continental climate regime (Köppen Dwa). Winter usually begins in late November and continues until the end of March (about 4 months), with the most severe cold only lasting for around three weeks in December, January, or February. The coldest month, January, averages −7.3 °C (18.9 °F). Spring, though a period of quick warming, is delayed by one month compared to more inland parts of the province, and is somewhat dry until May. Summer heat is moderated by proximity to the coast; the city's warmest month, August, averages 23.6 °C (74.5 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 35% in July to 67% in February, the city receives 2,459 hours of sunshine annually and is, outside of the summer months, generally sunny.

For the city proper, the annual mean temperature is 9.20 °C (48.6 °F), and the total precipitation is 926 millimetres (36 in), but within the prefecture, annual means can be as low as 6.8 °C (44.2 °F), while precipitation ranges from 881.3 to 1,087.5 millimetres (34.70 to 42.81 in).[4]

Climate data for Dandong (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.3
(46.9)
15.2
(59.4)
19.6
(67.3)
27.3
(81.1)
30.3
(86.5)
34.5
(94.1)
35.3
(95.5)
37.3
(99.1)
32.2
(90.0)
27.5
(81.5)
20.5
(68.9)
13.0
(55.4)
37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8)
1.9
(35.4)
7.7
(45.9)
15.0
(59.0)
20.8
(69.4)
24.7
(76.5)
27.1
(80.8)
28.2
(82.8)
24.6
(76.3)
17.5
(63.5)
8.0
(46.4)
−0.3
(31.5)
14.5
(58.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8)
−3.4
(25.9)
2.4
(36.3)
9.4
(48.9)
15.5
(59.9)
20.2
(68.4)
23.4
(74.1)
23.8
(74.8)
18.9
(66.0)
11.5
(52.7)
3.1
(37.6)
−4.8
(23.4)
9.4
(49.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.8
(12.6)
−7.7
(18.1)
−1.9
(28.6)
4.7
(40.5)
10.9
(51.6)
16.5
(61.7)
20.7
(69.3)
20.5
(68.9)
14.6
(58.3)
6.7
(44.1)
−0.9
(30.4)
−8.6
(16.5)
5.4
(41.7)
Record low °C (°F) −27.8
(−18.0)
−28.0
(−18.4)
−25.2
(−13.4)
−7
(19)
1.5
(34.7)
5.3
(41.5)
12.1
(53.8)
9.5
(49.1)
2.6
(36.7)
−5.8
(21.6)
−14.9
(5.2)
−23.8
(−10.8)
−28.0
(−18.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.3
(0.25)
16.0
(0.63)
20.5
(0.81)
52.9
(2.08)
89.6
(3.53)
107.1
(4.22)
259.2
(10.20)
234.7
(9.24)
92.4
(3.64)
55.8
(2.20)
38.9
(1.53)
15.2
(0.60)
988.6
(38.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.2 3.9 4.5 7.1 9.2 10.8 13.8 11.8 6.9 6.4 6.3 4.4 88.3
Average snowy days 4.3 3.9 2.3 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 2.1 5.1 18.2
Average relative humidity (%) 55 56 60 64 72 81 87 85 77 69 63 59 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 195.9 193.6 226.0 226.1 246.1 203.1 152.9 195.6 222.9 209.8 166.7 173.2 2,411.9
Percent possible sunshine 65 64 61 57 55 45 34 46 60 61 56 60 55
Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6][7]

Administrative divisions edit

Dandong is divided into 3 districts, 2 towns, and one autonomous county:

Map
# Name Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Population (2003 est.) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
1 Zhenxing District 振兴区 Zhènxīng Qū 380,000 80 4,750
2 Yuanbao District 元宝区 Yuánbǎo Qū 180,000 81 2,222
3 Zhen'an District 振安区 Zhèn'ān Qū 190,000 669 284
4 Fengcheng City 凤城市 Fèngchéng Shì 580,000 5,518 105
5 Donggang City 东港市 Dōnggǎng Shì 640,000 2,496 256
6 Kuandian Manchu
Autonomous County
宽甸满族自治县 Kuāndiàn Mǎnzú
Zìzhìxiàn
440,000 6,186 71

History edit

 
Great Wall at Dandong
 
Andong Railway Station during the Manchukuo period
 
Map of Dandong and Sinuiju in the 1930s
 
Map of Dandong (An-tung) and Sinuiju

Maps and artifacts suggest that the area has been settled since the Gojoseon kingdom period.

During the Han dynasty (221 BC–220 AD), the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of west Anping county.[8] During the Goguryeo kingdom period, the region was the site for Bakjak Fortress. After the fall of the Goguryeo, in the early Tang dynasty (618–907), the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of Andong Prefecture. In the 8th century, the area was conquered by King Mun of Balhae (r. 737–793). In Liao dynasty (916–1125), it was under the jurisdictions of the states Xuan, Kai, and Mu.[8]

It fell under the jurisdiction of the state of Po-Su in the Jin dynasty, the state of Po-Sha in the Yuan dynasty, and the state of Liaodong in the Ming dynasty.[8]

The area became known as Andong County (安東縣) in 1876. "安東" means "pacifying the east", reflecting the power that China had over Korea at the time. After the start of the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Andong County was occupied by Japan. During the Manchukuo era, it was the capital of Andong Province, one of the fourteen provinces established by Manchukuo. It was opened as an American treaty port in 1903. It was opened as a treaty port in 1907.

From November 1950 to February 1951, Dandong's Sino–Korean Friendship Bridge was bombed by the United States during the Korean War, as was an older iron bridge leading to North Korea. Even though the Sino–Korean Friendship Bridge was rebuilt, the remains of the Japanese-built iron bridge were left and now serve as a war monument.

On 20 January 1965, the city adopted its present name of Dandong, which means "red east," to avoid the connotations of its previous name, which was considered imperialistic by some. Recently, the city has been gaining influence in this region of China because of its market with North Korea and the government's future plans to develop the city into a special "Border Economic Cooperation Zone" for export and import in order to expand the country's ability to conduct trade.

In 2001, Dandong was granted the "Best Tourist Destination City" award by the National Tourism Administration.[9] Four years later, the same administration granted it the award of "National Clean City."[9]

Demographics edit

Per the 2020 Chinese Census, Dandong has a total population of 2,188,436.[10]: 1-4  The population of Dandong's urban core totals 1,090,680 (49.84%),[10]: 1-1a  while another 416,791 people (19.05%) live in other urban areas in Dandong.[10]: 1-1b  680,965 people (31.12%) live in rural areas.[10]: 1-1c 

Population pyramid 2020
%MalesAgeFemales%
0.65
 
85+
 
0.84
0.88
 
80–84
 
1.02
1.47
 
75–79
 
1.64
2.48
 
70–74
 
2.67
4.07
 
65–69
 
4.30
4.44
 
60–64
 
4.61
5.13
 
55–59
 
5.21
5.06
 
50–54
 
5.11
4.49
 
45–49
 
4.45
3.67
 
40–44
 
3.61
3.08
 
35–39
 
3.07
3.47
 
30–34
 
3.45
2.25
 
25–29
 
2.22
1.60
 
20–24
 
1.58
1.94
 
15–19
 
1.76
1.71
 
10–14
 
1.62
1.76
 
5–9
 
1.66
1.57
 
0–4
 
1.48

Per 2020 Census data, there are 928,784 households in Dandong, with an average size of 2.36 people.[10]: 1-1  The sex ratio in Dandong is 98.88 males per 100 females.[10]: 1-4  9.80% of the population is 0-14 years old, 70.20% of the population of 15-64 years old, and 20.02% is age 65 and older.[10]: 1-5 

Floating population edit

In 2005, the resident population was approximated to be 751,914 with a floating population of 176,926, for a total of 928,840.[citation needed][needs update] However, the non-agricultural (urban) population is said to consist of only 79.52% of the resident population (597,930).[citation needed][needs update]

Ethnic composition edit

Dandong is a multi-ethnic area, with at least 48 ethnic groups,[10]: 1-4  including the Han, Manchus, Mongols, Koreans, the Hui, and the Sibe.[10]: 1-4  As of 2020, Han Chinese people comprise 64.59% of Dandong's population (1,413,438 people).[10]: 1-4  The city's second largest ethnic group is the Manchu, who make up 32.43% of its population (709,719 people).[10]: 1-4  The Manchu minority group has become so acculturated into the Han majority that there remains little or no distinction between the two, although a number of Manchu words have remained in the local lexicon.[citation needed] Ethnic Mongols comprise the city's third largest ethnic group, accounting for 1.14% of its population (24,873 people).[10]: 1-4  The city's fourth largest ethnic group is Koreans, who make up 0.77% of its total population (16,859 people).[10]: 1-4  In Dandong, the Korean language is used in a number of signs and advertisements,[citation needed] as well as in public services.[11] The city is home to many Korean restaurants,[12] shops,[citation needed] churches,[citation needed] schools, and other cultural institutions.[13] The Hui make up the city's fifth largest community, at 0.59% of its population (12,983 people).[10]: 1-4  The Sibe people comprise Dandong's sixth largest ethnic group, at 0.33% of its population (7,259 people).[10]: 1-4 

Economy edit

 
Bridge from Sinuiju, North Korea across the Yalu River to Dandong with North Korean trucks coming into China.

The total GDP of the city of Dandong is CN¥89.07 billion ($15.81 billion) in the year 2022. The GDP per capita of the city of Dandong is CN¥41,730 ($6,549) in 2022.[14]

A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Dandong and Sinuiju, across the Yalu River in North Korea.[15] China handles roughly 40% of North Korea's worldwide export trade ($1.58 of US$4 billion) and roughly half of the bilateral commerce[16] with China goes through Dandong which imports $468 million [USD worth of product], according to its Ministry of Commerce.[citation needed] Dandong's annual resident per capita wage income for 2004 was somewhere between ¥9,500 and ¥12,237 RMB and the city's GDP was US$3.77 billion.

Dandong is widely known in China for producing the Dandong Yellow Sea brand buses. The port of Dandong is being developed into the second major international logistics centre of Liaoning and has become a notable alternative to the port of Dalian.[citation needed]

The city had "5.86 million tourists" in 2004, of which 16,000 of those travelled into North Korea; another 81,000 of those were from overseas and contributed US$27.54 million to the economy. During 2004, "the total tourism income was 4.02 billion Yuan [RMB]," and this was an increase of almost 33% from the previous year.[17]

Memory cards and teddy bears are among the most popular items for North Koreans shopping in Dandong.[18]

Development zones edit

Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone was approved as a national-level development zone in 1992. It is located on the bank of Yalu River, opposite the North Korean city of Sinuiju. It encourages the following industries: electronic information, machine manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals, among others.[19]

Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone was first approved by Dandong City as a Special Economic Zone, in 1994 by Liaoning Province as Liaoning Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone (LDQEDZ). In July 2009, the development of the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt was listed as a national strategy. Qianyang Town, situated at the eastern tip of the Belt is now an important component of Dandong's coastal development, and has an opportunity to demonstrate its strategic position.[20]

Infrastructure edit

Railways edit

 
Crossing into North Korea over the Yalu River

Trains from Dandong to Shenyang are available several times a day with night trains to Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Qingdao and Shanghai. From Dalian, the high speed train takes less than 3 hours, or from Beijing, less than 7 hours.

International trains link Dandong with Pyongyang daily. Both Chinese and North Korean carriages operating the through train from Beijing to Pyongyang (trains K27 and K28) are attached to the daily overnight train from Beijing to Dandong.[21] In addition there are North Korean carriages which form a daily dedicated Dandong Pyongyang train.[22]

Road edit

From the long-distance bus station, it takes about 10 hours to get to Beijing, four hours to Dalian and Tonghua, and three hours to Shenyang.[23]

Air edit

Flights to and from Dandong Langtou Airport are limited, but one can always fly in/out of Dalian or Shenyang and then take the train or bus to/from Dandong. The airport is located 13 miles west of town and an airport shuttle is available. Domestic flights are available to Beijing, Qingdao, Sanya, Shanghai and Shenzhen.

Ports and waterways edit

The Port of Dandong is located on the right bank at the mouth of the Yalu River. It is bordered by the Yellow Sea in the south and is separated from the North Korea in the east. It was set up as a trading port in 1907. Since large-scale construction began in the mid-1980s, the Port, together with the ports at Dalian and Yingkou, has become an important distributing centre in northeast China.[24]

In October 2011, the Chinese government announced a $7.1 billion expansion over five years to expand Dandong Port.[25][26] Dai Yulin, secretary of the Dandong City Committee of the Chinese Communist Party noted that Dandong's unique geography ensures that the city is a hub for land-sea transportation, connecting 90 ports in over 70 countries. Several multinational companies including US-owned Harman,[27] have made Dandong the location for their northeast Asian headquarters.[citation needed]

The waterways near the port have become an important tourist attraction in the region and include the Yalu River Park.[28]

Landmarks edit

 
Statue of Mao Zedong opposite of the railway station (2014)
 
North Korean Ferris wheel with "Broken Bridge" in foreground (2008)
 
Friendship Bridge view from Dandong (2002)

The city is across the river from Sinŭiju, North Korea. The two cities are connected by the Sino–Korean Friendship Bridge. Less than 100 meters downstream is the Yalu River Broken Bridge which was destroyed by American bombing during the Korean War. Tourists can rent speed boats or passenger boats to approach the border and get a closer look at the North Korean city of Sinŭiju. There is a ferris wheel in Sinŭiju visible from across the Yalu River.

Other tourist attractions include the Memorial of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, also known as the Korean War Museum, and the Jinjiang Mountain (锦江山) which used to be a Chinese army lookout and is now the city's largest park.[citation needed]

Outside of central Dandong, there are other landmarks such as: the Dagushan Scenic Area in Donggang, and Shuifeng Dam in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, and Fenghuang Mountain in Fengcheng.

Wulong mountain scenic area is located in Dandong City, 25 km (16 mi) northwest of the town of old village Zhen'an District, is located in Zhen'an District within Fengcheng's city borders and includes five Longshan and Wulongbei spa.

Black Creek Reservoir is located in the Yuanbao District), located in 304 State Road (Danhuo highway) on the left side, 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Dandong. Dandong is the only city in the area of the reservoir. The Black Creek Reservoir near the Shou artillery battalion has spas, sanatoriums and a summer resort to cater to tourism.

Culture edit

Cuisine edit

Dandong fried fork seeds noodle (丹东炒叉子) is the most characteristic snack in Dandong, which is made of rice fork seeds as the main ingredient and yellow clam meat, leek, carrot, and round onion as the auxiliary ingredients, stir-fried with seasonings such as minced garlic and sesame oil. Rice fork is a Manchu food in the early days, made from corn, fermented and ground into watery noodles, and then made into smooth strips of chopstick thickness by hand or mold after settling.[29]

Specialty edit

Dandong yellow clams (丹东黄蚬子) are grown at the mouth of the Yalu River, where nutrients are abundant and the water temperature is suitable. Therefore, the yellow clams produced here are bigger and fatter than those from other places, and their nutritional value is also higher. Yellow clams have become the golden sign of Dandong seafood and were registered as a national geographical indication by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 2011.

Education edit

Eastern Liaoning University is in Dandong. The city also has one international school, Eaglebridge International School.

Friendship cities edit

Dandong is a Sister City with the following cities:

References edit

  1. ^ a b "China: Liáoníng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  2. ^ Rogers, Jenny. "New group reaches out to China 2012-10-06 at the Wayback Machine." Gold Coast Bulletin. October 2, 2012. Retrieved on October 23, 2012.
  3. ^ Kanto, Dick K. and Mark E. Manyin. China-North Korea Relations. DIANE Publishing. December 28, 2010. 10. Retrieved from Google Books on October 23, 2012. ISBN 1437985114, 9781437985115.
  4. ^ a b c (in Chinese (China)). Dandong Municipal Government. 15 June 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
  5. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  6. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  7. ^ . China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  8. ^ a b c Heidi English. . Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  9. ^ a b HKTDC (2011-09-12). "Dandong ( Liaoning ) City Information". Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 辽宁省人口普查年鉴-2020 [Liaoning Population Census Yearbook 2020] (in Chinese). Liaoning Provincial Statistics Bureau. from the original on 2023-07-25. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  11. ^ Hwang, Seok-Joo (2017-07-13). "China's Dandong begins Korean-language service in buses". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  12. ^ "China's North Korean eateries refuse South Korean diners". France 24. 2023-10-06. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  13. ^ 丹东 [Dandong] (in Chinese). Liaoning Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission. from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  14. ^ "二〇二二年丹东市国民经济和社会发展统计公报-统计公报-丹东市人民政府". www.dandong.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  15. ^ Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang (March 31, 2016). "A Hole in North Korean Sanctions Big Enough for Coal, Oil and Used Pianos". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2016. China accounts for about 90 percent of North Korea's trade. Half of that business is estimated to flow through Dandong...
  16. ^ Rabinovitch, Simon (15 May 2013). "Cooling China-N Korea ties hit border town". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10.
  17. ^ "China Briefing Guide". Dandong Municipal People's Government. 2005. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  18. ^ "Thanks for the memory cards; North Koreans return from China". www.atimes.com. 4 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  19. ^ RightSite.asia | Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone 2010-04-18 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on July 8, 2010.
  21. ^ . trainreview.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
  22. ^ . trainreview.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
  23. ^ "China Briefing Business Reports" (PDF). Asia Briefing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ "China Expat city Guide Dalian". China Expat. 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
  25. ^ "China to Invest Billions in Dandong Port Expansion". World Maritime News. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  27. ^ "HARMAN Expands to Northern China with New Technology Center". HARMAN Newsroom. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  28. ^ "Places to Visit in China". The London Economic. 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  29. ^ 网易 (2021-10-31). "丹东十大特色美食小吃 丹东特色小吃排行榜 丹东吃美食有哪些". www.163.com. Retrieved 2022-04-19.

External links edit

  • Government website (in Chinese)
  • Government website (Archive)

dandong, this, article, about, city, china, city, republic, korea, with, same, name, andong, simplified, chinese, 丹东, traditional, chinese, 丹東, pinyin, dāndōng, east, formerly, known, andong, coastal, prefecture, level, city, southeastern, liaoning, province, . This article is about the city in China For the city in the Republic of Korea with the same name see Andong Dandong simplified Chinese 丹东 traditional Chinese 丹東 pinyin Dandōng lit Red East formerly known as Andong is a coastal prefecture level city in southeastern Liaoning province in the northeastern region of People s Republic of China Dandong 丹东市Tantung AntungPrefecture level cityView of Dandong s skyline on the Yalu RiverLocation of Dandong City jurisdiction in LiaoningDandongLocation of the city center in LiaoningCoordinates Dandong Customs 40 07 16 N 124 23 39 E 40 1211 N 124 3943 E 40 1211 124 3943CountryPeople s Republic of ChinaProvinceLiaoningMunicipal seatZhenxing DistrictDistricts and CountiesList Zhenxing DistrictYuanbao DistrictZhen an DistrictFengcheng CityDonggang CityKuandian Manchu Autonomous CountyGovernment CCP SecretaryPei Weidong Congress ChairpersonYu Bing MayorHao Jianjun Prefectural CPPCC ChairpersonSong LiyueArea Prefecture level city14 782 km2 5 707 sq mi Urban995 2 km2 384 2 sq mi Metro1 184 2 km2 457 2 sq mi Elevation8 m 27 ft Population 2020 census 1 Prefecture level city2 188 436 Density150 km2 380 sq mi Urban815 858 Urban density820 km2 2 100 sq mi Metro1 175 199 Metro density990 km2 2 600 sq mi Time zoneUTC 8 China Standard Postal code118000Area code415ISO 3166 codeCN LN 06GDP Nominal 2022 TotalCN 89 07 billion US 15 81 billion Per capitaCN 40 791 US 6 549 Licence plates辽FAdministrative division code210600Websitewww wbr dandong wbr gov wbr cnDandong Dandong as written in ChineseSimplified Chinese丹东Traditional Chinese丹東PostalTantungAntung until 1965 TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinDandōngWade GilesTan1 tung1AndongSimplified Chinese安东Traditional Chinese安東PostalAntungTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinAndōngWade GilesAn1 tung1It is the largest Chinese border city 2 facing Sinuiju North Korea across the Yalu River which demarcates the Sino North Korean border To the southwest of the city the river flows into Korea Bay Dandong has therefore had a dynamic history because of its strategic location for the northeast s rich natural resources and because of its convenient access to the ocean It is designated as a major export production centre for the province and is a port city connected by rail with Shenyang and Sinuiju A significant amount of trade with North Korea flows through the city 3 The size of the administrative city prefecture is 14 981 4 square kilometres 5 784 4 sq mi 4 As of the 2020 census its population was 2 188 436 inhabitants and the built up area made of 3 urban districts is 830 square kilometres 320 sq mi 815 576 inhabitants and Sinuju the North Korean neighboring city 359 341 inhabitants was home to 1 175 199 inhabitants in 2020 1 Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Climate 2 Administrative divisions 3 History 4 Demographics 4 1 Floating population 4 2 Ethnic composition 5 Economy 5 1 Development zones 6 Infrastructure 6 1 Railways 6 2 Road 6 3 Air 6 4 Ports and waterways 7 Landmarks 8 Culture 8 1 Cuisine 8 2 Specialty 9 Education 10 Friendship cities 11 References 12 External linksGeography edit nbsp Dandong labelled as AN TUNG 安東 1954 Dandong is located on the western border of North Korea and the northwest right shore of the Yalu River facing Sinuiju to the southeast It is situated on the southeast corner of the Liaodong Peninsula near the mouth of the Yalu River which empties into the Korea Bay which is part of the Yellow Sea There are 120 kilometres 75 mi of coastline and islands including Dalu Island 大鹿岛 lit great deer island and Xiaomai Island 小麦岛 lit wheat island Dandong City ranges in latitude from 39 43 to 41 09 N and in longitude from 123 22 to 125 41 E and at its greatest spans 196 kilometres 122 mi from east to west and 160 kilometres 99 mi from south to north 4 Bordering prefectures are Dalian SW Anshan W Liaoyang NW and Benxi N Climate edit The area has long winters and humid somewhat hot summers belonging to the humid continental climate regime Koppen Dwa Winter usually begins in late November and continues until the end of March about 4 months with the most severe cold only lasting for around three weeks in December January or February The coldest month January averages 7 3 C 18 9 F Spring though a period of quick warming is delayed by one month compared to more inland parts of the province and is somewhat dry until May Summer heat is moderated by proximity to the coast the city s warmest month August averages 23 6 C 74 5 F With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 35 in July to 67 in February the city receives 2 459 hours of sunshine annually and is outside of the summer months generally sunny For the city proper the annual mean temperature is 9 20 C 48 6 F and the total precipitation is 926 millimetres 36 in but within the prefecture annual means can be as low as 6 8 C 44 2 F while precipitation ranges from 881 3 to 1 087 5 millimetres 34 70 to 42 81 in 4 Climate data for Dandong 1991 2020 normals Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 8 3 46 9 15 2 59 4 19 6 67 3 27 3 81 1 30 3 86 5 34 5 94 1 35 3 95 5 37 3 99 1 32 2 90 0 27 5 81 5 20 5 68 9 13 0 55 4 37 3 99 1 Mean daily maximum C F 1 8 28 8 1 9 35 4 7 7 45 9 15 0 59 0 20 8 69 4 24 7 76 5 27 1 80 8 28 2 82 8 24 6 76 3 17 5 63 5 8 0 46 4 0 3 31 5 14 5 58 0 Daily mean C F 6 8 19 8 3 4 25 9 2 4 36 3 9 4 48 9 15 5 59 9 20 2 68 4 23 4 74 1 23 8 74 8 18 9 66 0 11 5 52 7 3 1 37 6 4 8 23 4 9 4 49 0 Mean daily minimum C F 10 8 12 6 7 7 18 1 1 9 28 6 4 7 40 5 10 9 51 6 16 5 61 7 20 7 69 3 20 5 68 9 14 6 58 3 6 7 44 1 0 9 30 4 8 6 16 5 5 4 41 7 Record low C F 27 8 18 0 28 0 18 4 25 2 13 4 7 19 1 5 34 7 5 3 41 5 12 1 53 8 9 5 49 1 2 6 36 7 5 8 21 6 14 9 5 2 23 8 10 8 28 0 18 4 Average precipitation mm inches 6 3 0 25 16 0 0 63 20 5 0 81 52 9 2 08 89 6 3 53 107 1 4 22 259 2 10 20 234 7 9 24 92 4 3 64 55 8 2 20 38 9 1 53 15 2 0 60 988 6 38 93 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 3 2 3 9 4 5 7 1 9 2 10 8 13 8 11 8 6 9 6 4 6 3 4 4 88 3Average snowy days 4 3 3 9 2 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 5 1 18 2Average relative humidity 55 56 60 64 72 81 87 85 77 69 63 59 69Mean monthly sunshine hours 195 9 193 6 226 0 226 1 246 1 203 1 152 9 195 6 222 9 209 8 166 7 173 2 2 411 9Percent possible sunshine 65 64 61 57 55 45 34 46 60 61 56 60 55Source China Meteorological Administration 5 6 7 Administrative divisions editDandong is divided into 3 districts 2 towns and one autonomous county Map nbsp 1 2 Zhen an KuandianCounty Donggang city Fengcheng city 1 Yuanbao 2 Zhenxing Name Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Population 2003 est Area km2 Density km2 1 Zhenxing District 振兴区 Zhenxing Qu 380 000 80 4 7502 Yuanbao District 元宝区 Yuanbǎo Qu 180 000 81 2 2223 Zhen an District 振安区 Zhen an Qu 190 000 669 2844 Fengcheng City 凤城市 Fengcheng Shi 580 000 5 518 1055 Donggang City 东港市 Dōnggǎng Shi 640 000 2 496 2566 Kuandian ManchuAutonomous County 宽甸满族自治县 Kuandian MǎnzuZizhixian 440 000 6 186 71History edit nbsp Great Wall at DandongThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it August 2012 nbsp Andong Railway Station during the Manchukuo period nbsp Map of Dandong and Sinuiju in the 1930s nbsp Map of Dandong An tung and SinuijuMaps and artifacts suggest that the area has been settled since the Gojoseon kingdom period During the Han dynasty 221 BC 220 AD the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of west Anping county 8 During the Goguryeo kingdom period the region was the site for Bakjak Fortress After the fall of the Goguryeo in the early Tang dynasty 618 907 the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of Andong Prefecture In the 8th century the area was conquered by King Mun of Balhae r 737 793 In Liao dynasty 916 1125 it was under the jurisdictions of the states Xuan Kai and Mu 8 It fell under the jurisdiction of the state of Po Su in the Jin dynasty the state of Po Sha in the Yuan dynasty and the state of Liaodong in the Ming dynasty 8 The area became known as Andong County 安東縣 in 1876 安東 means pacifying the east reflecting the power that China had over Korea at the time After the start of the first Sino Japanese War in 1894 Andong County was occupied by Japan During the Manchukuo era it was the capital of Andong Province one of the fourteen provinces established by Manchukuo It was opened as an American treaty port in 1903 It was opened as a treaty port in 1907 From November 1950 to February 1951 Dandong s Sino Korean Friendship Bridge was bombed by the United States during the Korean War as was an older iron bridge leading to North Korea Even though the Sino Korean Friendship Bridge was rebuilt the remains of the Japanese built iron bridge were left and now serve as a war monument On 20 January 1965 the city adopted its present name of Dandong which means red east to avoid the connotations of its previous name which was considered imperialistic by some Recently the city has been gaining influence in this region of China because of its market with North Korea and the government s future plans to develop the city into a special Border Economic Cooperation Zone for export and import in order to expand the country s ability to conduct trade In 2001 Dandong was granted the Best Tourist Destination City award by the National Tourism Administration 9 Four years later the same administration granted it the award of National Clean City 9 Demographics editPer the 2020 Chinese Census Dandong has a total population of 2 188 436 10 1 4 The population of Dandong s urban core totals 1 090 680 49 84 10 1 1a while another 416 791 people 19 05 live in other urban areas in Dandong 10 1 1b 680 965 people 31 12 live in rural areas 10 1 1c Population pyramid 2020 MalesAgeFemales 0 65 85 0 840 88 80 84 1 021 47 75 79 1 642 48 70 74 2 674 07 65 69 4 304 44 60 64 4 615 13 55 59 5 215 06 50 54 5 114 49 45 49 4 453 67 40 44 3 613 08 35 39 3 073 47 30 34 3 452 25 25 29 2 221 60 20 24 1 581 94 15 19 1 761 71 10 14 1 621 76 5 9 1 661 57 0 4 1 48Per 2020 Census data there are 928 784 households in Dandong with an average size of 2 36 people 10 1 1 The sex ratio in Dandong is 98 88 males per 100 females 10 1 4 9 80 of the population is 0 14 years old 70 20 of the population of 15 64 years old and 20 02 is age 65 and older 10 1 5 Floating population edit In 2005 the resident population was approximated to be 751 914 with a floating population of 176 926 for a total of 928 840 citation needed needs update However the non agricultural urban population is said to consist of only 79 52 of the resident population 597 930 citation needed needs update Ethnic composition edit Dandong is a multi ethnic area with at least 48 ethnic groups 10 1 4 including the Han Manchus Mongols Koreans the Hui and the Sibe 10 1 4 As of 2020 Han Chinese people comprise 64 59 of Dandong s population 1 413 438 people 10 1 4 The city s second largest ethnic group is the Manchu who make up 32 43 of its population 709 719 people 10 1 4 The Manchu minority group has become so acculturated into the Han majority that there remains little or no distinction between the two although a number of Manchu words have remained in the local lexicon citation needed Ethnic Mongols comprise the city s third largest ethnic group accounting for 1 14 of its population 24 873 people 10 1 4 The city s fourth largest ethnic group is Koreans who make up 0 77 of its total population 16 859 people 10 1 4 In Dandong the Korean language is used in a number of signs and advertisements citation needed as well as in public services 11 The city is home to many Korean restaurants 12 shops citation needed churches citation needed schools and other cultural institutions 13 The Hui make up the city s fifth largest community at 0 59 of its population 12 983 people 10 1 4 The Sibe people comprise Dandong s sixth largest ethnic group at 0 33 of its population 7 259 people 10 1 4 Economy edit nbsp Bridge from Sinuiju North Korea across the Yalu River to Dandong with North Korean trucks coming into China The total GDP of the city of Dandong is CN 89 07 billion 15 81 billion in the year 2022 The GDP per capita of the city of Dandong is CN 41 730 6 549 in 2022 14 A substantial portion of North Korea s international trade both legal and illegal passes through Dandong and Sinuiju across the Yalu River in North Korea 15 China handles roughly 40 of North Korea s worldwide export trade 1 58 of US 4 billion and roughly half of the bilateral commerce 16 with China goes through Dandong which imports 468 million USD worth of product according to its Ministry of Commerce citation needed Dandong s annual resident per capita wage income for 2004 was somewhere between 9 500 and 12 237 RMB and the city s GDP was US 3 77 billion Dandong is widely known in China for producing the Dandong Yellow Sea brand buses The port of Dandong is being developed into the second major international logistics centre of Liaoning and has become a notable alternative to the port of Dalian citation needed The city had 5 86 million tourists in 2004 of which 16 000 of those travelled into North Korea another 81 000 of those were from overseas and contributed US 27 54 million to the economy During 2004 the total tourism income was 4 02 billion Yuan RMB and this was an increase of almost 33 from the previous year 17 Memory cards and teddy bears are among the most popular items for North Koreans shopping in Dandong 18 Development zones edit Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone was approved as a national level development zone in 1992 It is located on the bank of Yalu River opposite the North Korean city of Sinuiju It encourages the following industries electronic information machine manufacturing biopharmaceuticals among others 19 Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone was first approved by Dandong City as a Special Economic Zone in 1994 by Liaoning Province as Liaoning Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone LDQEDZ In July 2009 the development of the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt was listed as a national strategy Qianyang Town situated at the eastern tip of the Belt is now an important component of Dandong s coastal development and has an opportunity to demonstrate its strategic position 20 Infrastructure editRailways edit Shenyang Dandong intercity railway nbsp Crossing into North Korea over the Yalu RiverTrains from Dandong to Shenyang are available several times a day with night trains to Beijing Dalian Changchun Qingdao and Shanghai From Dalian the high speed train takes less than 3 hours or from Beijing less than 7 hours International trains link Dandong with Pyongyang daily Both Chinese and North Korean carriages operating the through train from Beijing to Pyongyang trains K27 and K28 are attached to the daily overnight train from Beijing to Dandong 21 In addition there are North Korean carriages which form a daily dedicated Dandong Pyongyang train 22 Road edit China National Highway 201 China National Highway 304 G11 Hegang Dalian Expressway G1113 Dandong Fuxin ExpresswayFrom the long distance bus station it takes about 10 hours to get to Beijing four hours to Dalian and Tonghua and three hours to Shenyang 23 Air edit Flights to and from Dandong Langtou Airport are limited but one can always fly in out of Dalian or Shenyang and then take the train or bus to from Dandong The airport is located 13 miles west of town and an airport shuttle is available Domestic flights are available to Beijing Qingdao Sanya Shanghai and Shenzhen Ports and waterways edit The Port of Dandong is located on the right bank at the mouth of the Yalu River It is bordered by the Yellow Sea in the south and is separated from the North Korea in the east It was set up as a trading port in 1907 Since large scale construction began in the mid 1980s the Port together with the ports at Dalian and Yingkou has become an important distributing centre in northeast China 24 In October 2011 the Chinese government announced a 7 1 billion expansion over five years to expand Dandong Port 25 26 Dai Yulin secretary of the Dandong City Committee of the Chinese Communist Party noted that Dandong s unique geography ensures that the city is a hub for land sea transportation connecting 90 ports in over 70 countries Several multinational companies including US owned Harman 27 have made Dandong the location for their northeast Asian headquarters citation needed The waterways near the port have become an important tourist attraction in the region and include the Yalu River Park 28 Landmarks edit nbsp Statue of Mao Zedong opposite of the railway station 2014 nbsp North Korean Ferris wheel with Broken Bridge in foreground 2008 nbsp Friendship Bridge view from Dandong 2002 The city is across the river from Sinŭiju North Korea The two cities are connected by the Sino Korean Friendship Bridge Less than 100 meters downstream is the Yalu River Broken Bridge which was destroyed by American bombing during the Korean War Tourists can rent speed boats or passenger boats to approach the border and get a closer look at the North Korean city of Sinŭiju There is a ferris wheel in Sinŭiju visible from across the Yalu River Other tourist attractions include the Memorial of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea also known as the Korean War Museum and the Jinjiang Mountain 锦江山 which used to be a Chinese army lookout and is now the city s largest park citation needed Outside of central Dandong there are other landmarks such as the Dagushan Scenic Area in Donggang and Shuifeng Dam in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County and Fenghuang Mountain in Fengcheng Wulong mountain scenic area is located in Dandong City 25 km 16 mi northwest of the town of old village Zhen an District is located in Zhen an District within Fengcheng s city borders and includes five Longshan and Wulongbei spa Black Creek Reservoir is located in the Yuanbao District located in 304 State Road Danhuo highway on the left side 10 km 6 2 mi away from Dandong Dandong is the only city in the area of the reservoir The Black Creek Reservoir near the Shou artillery battalion has spas sanatoriums and a summer resort to cater to tourism Culture editCuisine edit Dandong fried fork seeds noodle 丹东炒叉子 is the most characteristic snack in Dandong which is made of rice fork seeds as the main ingredient and yellow clam meat leek carrot and round onion as the auxiliary ingredients stir fried with seasonings such as minced garlic and sesame oil Rice fork is a Manchu food in the early days made from corn fermented and ground into watery noodles and then made into smooth strips of chopstick thickness by hand or mold after settling 29 Specialty edit Dandong yellow clams 丹东黄蚬子 are grown at the mouth of the Yalu River where nutrients are abundant and the water temperature is suitable Therefore the yellow clams produced here are bigger and fatter than those from other places and their nutritional value is also higher Yellow clams have become the golden sign of Dandong seafood and were registered as a national geographical indication by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 2011 Education editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2017 Eastern Liaoning University is in Dandong The city also has one international school Eaglebridge International School Friendship cities editDandong is a Sister City with the following cities nbsp Paris France 2008 nbsp Uijeongbu Gyeonggi do South Korea 1997 nbsp Astrakhan Astrakhan Oblast Russia 1993 nbsp Tokushima Tokushima Japan 1991 nbsp Doncaster South Yorkshire United Kingdom 1988 nbsp Wilmington North Carolina United States 1986 References edit a b China Liaoning Prefectures Cities Districts and Counties Population Statistics Charts and Map www citypopulation de Rogers Jenny New group reaches out to China Archived 2012 10 06 at the Wayback Machine Gold Coast Bulletin October 2 2012 Retrieved on October 23 2012 Kanto Dick K and Mark E Manyin China North Korea Relations DIANE Publishing December 28 2010 10 Retrieved from Google Books on October 23 2012 ISBN 1437985114 9781437985115 a b c 中国丹东 丹东概貌导航 自然地理 in Chinese China Dandong Municipal Government 15 June 2005 Archived from the original on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2011 04 17 中国气象数据网 WeatherBk Data in Simplified Chinese China Meteorological Administration Retrieved 29 July 2023 中国气象数据网 in Simplified Chinese China Meteorological Administration Retrieved 29 July 2023 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集 1971 2000年 China Meteorological Administration Archived from the original on 2013 09 21 Retrieved 2010 05 25 a b c Heidi English A Brief Introduction to Heidi English School Archived from the original on 2013 08 01 Retrieved 2013 12 30 a b HKTDC 2011 09 12 Dandong Liaoning City Information Retrieved 2013 12 30 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 辽宁省人口普查年鉴 2020 Liaoning Population Census Yearbook 2020 in Chinese Liaoning Provincial Statistics Bureau Archived from the original on 2023 07 25 Retrieved 2023 10 18 Hwang Seok Joo 2017 07 13 China s Dandong begins Korean language service in buses Yonhap News Agency Retrieved 2023 10 18 China s North Korean eateries refuse South Korean diners France 24 2023 10 06 Retrieved 2023 10 18 丹东 Dandong in Chinese Liaoning Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission Archived from the original on 2023 06 07 Retrieved 2023 10 18 二 二二年丹东市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 统计公报 丹东市人民政府 www dandong gov cn Retrieved 2023 05 08 Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang March 31 2016 A Hole in North Korean Sanctions Big Enough for Coal Oil and Used Pianos The New York Times Retrieved April 3 2016 China accounts for about 90 percent of North Korea s trade Half of that business is estimated to flow through Dandong Rabinovitch Simon 15 May 2013 Cooling China N Korea ties hit border town Financial Times Archived from the original on 2022 12 10 China Briefing Guide Dandong Municipal People s Government 2005 Retrieved 2009 03 22 Thanks for the memory cards North Koreans return from China www atimes com 4 December 2016 Retrieved 7 December 2016 RightSite asia Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone Archived 2010 04 18 at the Wayback Machine China Liaoning Business Guide Archived from the original on July 8 2010 K27 and K28 Beijing to Pyongyang train TrainReview trainreview com Archived from the original on 2020 11 04 Retrieved 2020 10 31 Train 51 and 52 Dandong to Pyongyang train TrainReview trainreview com Archived from the original on 2020 11 04 Retrieved 2020 10 31 China Briefing Business Reports PDF Asia Briefing 2009 Retrieved 2009 02 08 permanent dead link China Expat city Guide Dalian China Expat 2008 Retrieved 2009 02 08 China to Invest Billions in Dandong Port Expansion World Maritime News Retrieved 2017 09 25 China planning 7 1 billion expansion of Dandong Port Archived from the original on 2017 09 25 Retrieved 2017 09 25 HARMAN Expands to Northern China with New Technology Center HARMAN Newsroom Retrieved 2017 09 25 Places to Visit in China The London Economic 2017 09 05 Retrieved 2017 09 25 网易 2021 10 31 丹东十大特色美食小吃 丹东特色小吃排行榜 丹东吃美食有哪些 www 163 com Retrieved 2022 04 19 External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dandong nbsp China portalGovernment website in Chinese Government website Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dandong amp oldid 1194059664, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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