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Grodno Governorate

January 01, 1970

Grodno Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Grodno. It encompassed 38,671.5 square kilometres (14,931.1 sq mi) in area and consisted of a population of 1,631,645 inhabitants by 1897. Grodno Governorate bordered by Suwałki Governorate to the north, Vilna Governorate to the northeast, Minsk Governorate to the east, Volhynia Governorate to the south, Kholm Governorate to the west, and Łomża Governorate to the northwest. The governorate covered the areas of modern-day Grodno Region of Belarus, part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland, and a small part of Druskininkai, Lazdijai and Varėna districts of Lithuania.

Grodno Governorate
Гродненская губерния
Governorate
Coat of arms
Location in the Russian Empire
CountryRussian Empire
KraiNorthwestern
Established1801
Abolished1918
CapitalGrodno
Area
 • Total38,671.5 km2 (14,931.1 sq mi)
Population
 (1897)
 • Total1,631,645
 • Density42/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Urban
15.60%
 • Rural
84.40%
Northwestern Krai Governorates
1821 Grodno Governorate Map (in Russian and Polish)
1834 Grodno Governorate Map
Grodno Governorate (in Russian)

Overview edit

Grodno, a western province or governorate of the former Russian Empire, currently located in Belarus, was situated between about 52° to 54° N latitude and 21° to 24° E longitude, and bounded N by Vilna E by Minsk S by Volhynia and W by the former kingdom of Poland. Its land size was 14,961 square miles (38,750 km2). The province was a wide plain in parts, very swampy and covered with large pine tree forests. Of these, that of Białowieża in the district of comprising a circuit of over 100 miles (160 km) deserves notice. There, bisons were preserved. The navigable rivers are Niemen, Bug, Narev, and Bobra, the most important of those being the Bug. The soil is chiefly alluvial intermixed with sand waws,[clarification needed] which was favorable for agriculture anil, rearing of cattle and bees. The atmosphere was damp, misty and the climate in winter was cold. Large quantities of rye, barley, oats, hops, hemp and flax were raised but the amount of fruit and vegetables grown was small. The products produced in the region were insignificant, but included woolen cloths, hats, leather, paper and spirits. There also a good export trade in grain, wool, cattle. Some forty fairs were held annually in the province.

It was divided into nine districts:

The administration of the whole province was in the governor appointed by the crown. In 1870 the population was 1,008,521 comprising Lithuanians, Poles, Belarusians, Tartars, and a few German colonists. Grodno's capital was Grodno, on the right bank of the Niemen, and was connected by railway with Moscow and Warsaw. It contained eight Roman Catholic, one Eastern and two United Greek Catholic churches, a chapel, and two Jewish synagogues. There were two fine erected respectively by Stephen Batory who died here 1586 and Augustus III (kings of Poland). Among other buildings were a public library, a school of a gymnasium, and several seminaries. The 24,789 were engaged in the manufacture of woolen hats, paper, and the preparation of wax. Three fairs were held annually.

Grodno was built in the 12th century until 1795 belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The diet held there in 1793 ratified the partition of Poland. Two years later Stanislaus, the last king, signed his abdication there.[1]

From Stanisław Plater's estimates in 1825[2]
Language People
Ruthenians 470,000
Yiddish 120,000
Lithuanian 100,000
Polish 80,000
Russians 20,000
Tatars 10,000
Total 800,000
From Stanisław Plater's estimates in 1825[3]
Religion People
Roman Catholic 380,000
Eastern Catholic 270,000
Judaism 120,000
Old Believers 20,000
Muslims 10,000
Total 800,000

Administrative divisions edit

The seat was in Grodno. It divided into 9 Uyezds:[4]

History edit

Slonim Governorate (1795–1796) edit

The governorate was formed in 1796, in the aftermath of the final partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and originally known as Slonim Governorate, but that only existed until December 12, 1796, when Paul I merged it with Vilna Governorate to form Lithuania Governorate.[4]

The Slonim Governorate had 8 provinces:

  • Brest (Russian: Волковысского)
  • Volkovysskij (Russian: Виленского)
  • Grodno (Russian: Завилейского)
  • Kobrin (Russian: Кобринского)
  • Lida (Russian: Ли́да)
  • Novogrudok (Russian: Новогрудского)
  • Pruzhany (Russian: Пружанского)
  • Slonimsky (Russian: Слонимского)

Lithuania Governorate (1796–1801) edit

Main article: Lithuania Governorate

Just a year later, on December 12, 1796, by order of Tsar Paul I they were merged into one governorate, called the Lithuanian Governorate, with its capital in Vilnius.[5]

Lithuania-Grodno Governorate (1801–1840) edit

After Paul's death, by order of Tsar Alexander I on September 9, 1801, the Lithuanian Governorate was split into the Lithuania-Vilnius Governorate and the Lithuania-Grodno Governorate. The Lithuania-Grodno Governorate was restored within the borders of 1796 Slonim Governorate.[4]

The Lithuania-Grodno Governorate had 8 provinces:

  • Brest (Russian: Волковысского)
  • Volkovysskij (Russian: Виленского)
  • Grodno (Russian: Завилейского)
  • Kobrin (Russian: Кобринского)
  • Lida (Russian: Ли́да)
  • Novogrudok (Russian: Новогрудского)
  • Pruzhany (Russian: Пружанского)
  • Slonimsky (Russian: Слонимского)
  • Sokolka Province (Russian: Соколька)

Grodno Governorate (1840–1870) edit

In 1840 the word "Lithuania" was dropped from the name by Nicholas I.[6]

In 1843, another administrative reform took place. The Vilnius Governorate received the Lida district from the Grodno Governorate [7] and the Belostok Oblast was incorporated into it as the districts of Belostok, Belsk and Sokolka. Also, Novogrudok one to Minsk Governorate[4]

The Grodno Governorate had 9 provinces:

  • Brest (Russian: Волковысского)
  • Volkovysskij (Russian: Виленского)
  • Grodno (Russian: Завилейского)
  • Kobrin (Russian: Кобринского)
  • Pruzhany (Russian: Пружанского)
  • Slonimsky (Russian: Слонимского)
  • Belostok Province (Russian: Белосток)
  • Belsk Province (Russian: Бельскъ)
  • Sokolka Province (Russian: Соколька)

Bialystok-Grodno District (1915–1917) edit

Main article: Bialystok-Grodno District

The Grodno Governorate was occupied by Germany in 1915 during World War I. It was known as the Bialystok-Grodno District of Ober-Ost. After the Peace of Riga on 18 March 1921, which ended the Polish-Soviet War,[8] the governorate became the voivodeships of Białystok, Nowogródek and Polesie of the Second Polish Republic.[9]

Governors edit

Notes edit

  1. ^

External links edit

  1. ^ The new Werner twentieth century edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Akron, OH: The Werner Company. 1907. pp. Vol 11, p 183.
  2. ^ Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę, p.214
  3. ^ Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę, p.206
  4. ^ a b c d (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  5. ^ Kulakauskas, Antanas (2002). . Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai. ISBN 9986-9216-9-4. Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  6. ^ "Литовская губерния". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1890–1906.
  7. ^ Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Administration". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. I. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 17–21. LCCN 74-114275.
  8. ^ K. Marek. Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law. Librairie Droz 1968. pp. 419-420.
  9. ^ Eberhardt, Piotr; Jan Owsinski (2003). Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-Century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. p. 260. ISBN 0-7656-0665-8.
  • Grodno Gubernia
  • Gardinas (Grodno) 1919

53°40′00″N 23°49′00″E / 53.6667°N 23.8167°E / 53.6667; 23.8167

January 01, 1970
grodno, governorate, administrative, territorial, unit, guberniya, northwestern, krai, russian, empire, with, capital, grodno, encompassed, square, kilometres, area, consisted, population, inhabitants, 1897, bordered, suwałki, governorate, north, vilna, govern. Grodno Governorate a was an administrative territorial unit guberniya of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire with its capital in Grodno It encompassed 38 671 5 square kilometres 14 931 1 sq mi in area and consisted of a population of 1 631 645 inhabitants by 1897 Grodno Governorate bordered by Suwalki Governorate to the north Vilna Governorate to the northeast Minsk Governorate to the east Volhynia Governorate to the south Kholm Governorate to the west and Lomza Governorate to the northwest The governorate covered the areas of modern day Grodno Region of Belarus part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland and a small part of Druskininkai Lazdijai and Varena districts of Lithuania Grodno Governorate Grodnenskaya guberniyaGovernorateCoat of armsLocation in the Russian EmpireCountryRussian EmpireKraiNorthwesternEstablished1801Abolished1918CapitalGrodnoArea Total38 671 5 km2 14 931 1 sq mi Population 1897 Total1 631 645 Density42 km2 110 sq mi Urban15 60 Rural84 40 Northwestern Krai Governorates 1821 Grodno Governorate Map in Russian and Polish 1834 Grodno Governorate Map Grodno Governorate in Russian Contents 1 Overview 2 Administrative divisions 3 History 3 1 Slonim Governorate 1795 1796 3 2 Lithuania Governorate 1796 1801 3 3 Lithuania Grodno Governorate 1801 1840 3 4 Grodno Governorate 1840 1870 3 5 Bialystok Grodno District 1915 1917 4 Governors 5 Notes 6 External linksOverview editGrodno a western province or governorate of the former Russian Empire currently located in Belarus was situated between about 52 to 54 N latitude and 21 to 24 E longitude and bounded N by Vilna E by Minsk S by Volhynia and W by the former kingdom of Poland Its land size was 14 961 square miles 38 750 km2 The province was a wide plain in parts very swampy and covered with large pine tree forests Of these that of Bialowieza in the district of comprising a circuit of over 100 miles 160 km deserves notice There bisons were preserved The navigable rivers are Niemen Bug Narev and Bobra the most important of those being the Bug The soil is chiefly alluvial intermixed with sand waws clarification needed which was favorable for agriculture anil rearing of cattle and bees The atmosphere was damp misty and the climate in winter was cold Large quantities of rye barley oats hops hemp and flax were raised but the amount of fruit and vegetables grown was small The products produced in the region were insignificant but included woolen cloths hats leather paper and spirits There also a good export trade in grain wool cattle Some forty fairs were held annually in the province It was divided into nine districts Grodno Brest Bielsk Volkovysk Kobryn Prushana Slonim and Belostok The administration of the whole province was in the governor appointed by the crown In 1870 the population was 1 008 521 comprising Lithuanians Poles Belarusians Tartars and a few German colonists Grodno s capital was Grodno on the right bank of the Niemen and was connected by railway with Moscow and Warsaw It contained eight Roman Catholic one Eastern and two United Greek Catholic churches a chapel and two Jewish synagogues There were two fine erected respectively by Stephen Batory who died here 1586 and Augustus III kings of Poland Among other buildings were a public library a school of a gymnasium and several seminaries The 24 789 were engaged in the manufacture of woolen hats paper and the preparation of wax Three fairs were held annually Grodno was built in the 12th century until 1795 belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania The diet held there in 1793 ratified the partition of Poland Two years later Stanislaus the last king signed his abdication there 1 From Stanislaw Plater s estimates in 1825 2 Language People Ruthenians 470 000 Yiddish 120 000 Lithuanian 100 000 Polish 80 000 Russians 20 000 Tatars 10 000 Total 800 000 From Stanislaw Plater s estimates in 1825 3 Religion People Roman Catholic 380 000 Eastern Catholic 270 000 Judaism 120 000 Old Believers 20 000 Muslims 10 000 Total 800 000Administrative divisions editThe seat was in Grodno It divided into 9 Uyezds 4 Grodnensky Uyezd Russian Grodno Belostoksky Uyezd Russian Belostok Belsky Uyezd Russian Belsk Brestsky Uyezd Russian Brest Litovskij Kobrinsky Uyezd Russian Kobrin Pruzhansky Uyezd Russian Pruzhany Sokolsky Uyezd Russian Sokolka Slonimsky Uyezd Russian Clonim Volkovyssky Uyezd Russian Volkavyvsk History editSlonim Governorate 1795 1796 edit The governorate was formed in 1796 in the aftermath of the final partition of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and originally known as Slonim Governorate but that only existed until December 12 1796 when Paul I merged it with Vilna Governorate to form Lithuania Governorate 4 The Slonim Governorate had 8 provinces Brest Russian Volkovysskogo Volkovysskij Russian Vilenskogo Grodno Russian Zavilejskogo Kobrin Russian Kobrinskogo Lida Russian Li da Novogrudok Russian Novogrudskogo Pruzhany Russian Pruzhanskogo Slonimsky Russian Slonimskogo Lithuania Governorate 1796 1801 edit Main article Lithuania Governorate Just a year later on December 12 1796 by order of Tsar Paul I they were merged into one governorate called the Lithuanian Governorate with its capital in Vilnius 5 Lithuania Grodno Governorate 1801 1840 edit After Paul s death by order of Tsar Alexander I on September 9 1801 the Lithuanian Governorate was split into the Lithuania Vilnius Governorate and the Lithuania Grodno Governorate The Lithuania Grodno Governorate was restored within the borders of 1796 Slonim Governorate 4 The Lithuania Grodno Governorate had 8 provinces Brest Russian Volkovysskogo Volkovysskij Russian Vilenskogo Grodno Russian Zavilejskogo Kobrin Russian Kobrinskogo Lida Russian Li da Novogrudok Russian Novogrudskogo Pruzhany Russian Pruzhanskogo Slonimsky Russian Slonimskogo Sokolka Province Russian Sokolka Grodno Governorate 1840 1870 edit In 1840 the word Lithuania was dropped from the name by Nicholas I 6 In 1843 another administrative reform took place The Vilnius Governorate received the Lida district from the Grodno Governorate 7 and the Belostok Oblast was incorporated into it as the districts of Belostok Belsk and Sokolka Also Novogrudok one to Minsk Governorate 4 The Grodno Governorate had 9 provinces Brest Russian Volkovysskogo Volkovysskij Russian Vilenskogo Grodno Russian Zavilejskogo Kobrin Russian Kobrinskogo Pruzhany Russian Pruzhanskogo Slonimsky Russian Slonimskogo Belostok Province Russian Belostok Belsk Province Russian Belsk Sokolka Province Russian Sokolka Bialystok Grodno District 1915 1917 edit Main article Bialystok Grodno District The Grodno Governorate was occupied by Germany in 1915 during World War I It was known as the Bialystok Grodno District of Ober Ost After the Peace of Riga on 18 March 1921 which ended the Polish Soviet War 8 the governorate became the voivodeships of Bialystok Nowogrodek and Polesie of the Second Polish Republic 9 Governors editGeneral Maurice de Lacy of Grodno died 1820 Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov Vilensky 1830 1831 Notes edit Russian Gro dnenskaya gube rniya pre 1918 Grodnenskaya guberniya romanized Grodnenskaya guberniyaBelarusian Gro dzenskaya gube rnya romanized Hrodzienskaja gubernjaPolish Gubernia grodzienskaLithuanian Gardino gubernijaExternal links edit The new Werner twentieth century edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica Akron OH The Werner Company 1907 pp Vol 11 p 183 Jeografia wschodniey czesci Europy czyli Opis krajow przez wielorakie narody slowianskie zamieszkanych obejmujacy Prussy Xsieztwo Poznanskie Szlask Pruski Gallicya Rzeczpospolite Krakowska Krolestwo Polskie i Litwe p 214 Jeografia wschodniey czesci Europy czyli Opis krajow przez wielorakie narody slowianskie zamieszkanych obejmujacy Prussy Xsieztwo Poznanskie Szlask Pruski Gallicya Rzeczpospolite Krakowska Krolestwo Polskie i Litwe p 206 a b c d Administrative division of Belarus a historical information in Russian Archived from the original on 2006 10 26 Retrieved 2009 12 30 Kulakauskas Antanas 2002 Administracines reformos Gimtoji istorija Nuo 7 iki 12 klases in Lithuanian Vilnius Elektronines leidybos namai ISBN 9986 9216 9 4 Archived from the original on 2007 07 17 Retrieved 2008 01 01 Litovskaya guberniya Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary in Russian 1890 1906 Simas Suziedelis ed 1970 1978 Administration Encyclopedia Lituanica Vol I Boston Massachusetts Juozas Kapocius pp 17 21 LCCN 74 114275 K Marek Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law Librairie Droz 1968 pp 419 420 Eberhardt Piotr Jan Owsinski 2003 Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth Century Central Eastern Europe History Data Analysis M E Sharpe p 260 ISBN 0 7656 0665 8 Grodno Gubernia Gardinas Grodno 1919 53 40 00 N 23 49 00 E 53 6667 N 23 8167 E 53 6667 23 8167 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grodno Governorate amp oldid 1208951224, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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