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Wikipedia

Gloria Steinem

December 28, 2022

Gloria Marie Steinem (/ˈstaɪnəm/; born March 25, 1934) is an American journalist and social-political activist who emerged as a nationally recognized leader of second-wave feminism in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[1][7][2]

Gloria Steinem
Steinem in Chicago, 2018
Born
Gloria Marie Steinem[1]

(1934-03-25) March 25, 1934 (age 88)
Toledo, Ohio, U.S.
EducationSmith College (BA)
Occupation(s)Writer and journalist for Ms. and New York magazines[2]
MovementFeminism[2]
Board member ofWomen's Media Center[3]
Spouse
​
​
(m. 2000; died 2003)​
Family
Websitewww.gloriasteinem.com
Signature

Steinem was a columnist for New York magazine and a co-founder of Ms. magazine.[2] In 1969, Steinem published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation",[8] which brought her national attention and positioned her as a feminist leader.[9] In 1971, she co-founded the National Women's Political Caucus which provides training and support for women who seek elected and appointed offices in government. Also in 1971, she co-founded the Women's Action Alliance which, until 1997, provided support to a network of feminist activists and worked to advance feminist causes and legislation. In the 1990s, Steinem helped establish Take Our Daughters to Work Day, an occasion for young girls to learn about future career opportunities.[10] In 2005, Steinem, Jane Fonda, and Robin Morgan co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that "works to make women visible and powerful in the media".[11]

As of May 2018, Steinem was traveling internationally as an organizer and lecturer, and was a media spokeswoman on issues of equality.[12] In 2015, Steinem, alongside two Nobel Peace Laureates (Mairead Maguire of Northern Ireland and Leymah Gbowee of Liberia[13]), Abigail Disney, and other prominent women peace activists, undertook a journey from the capital of North Korea, Pyongyang to South Korea, crossing the most heavily militarized zone in the world between the two Koreas.

Steinem speaking with supporters at the Women Together Arizona Summit at Carpenters Local Union in Phoenix, Arizona, September 2016.

Early life

Steinem was born on March 25, 1934, in Toledo, Ohio,[7] the daughter of Ruth (née Nuneviller) and Leo Steinem. Her mother was Presbyterian, mostly of German (including Prussian) and some Scottish descent.[14][15] Her father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from Württemberg, Germany, and Radziejów, Poland.[15][16][17][18] Her paternal grandmother, Pauline Perlmutter Steinem, was chairwoman of the educational committee of the National Woman Suffrage Association, a delegate to the 1908 International Council of Women, and the first woman to be elected to the Toledo Board of Education, as well as a leader in the movement for vocational education.[19] Pauline also rescued many members of her family from the Holocaust.[19]

The Steinems lived and traveled about in a trailer, from which Leo carried out his trade as a roaming antiques dealer.[19] Before Gloria was born, her mother, Ruth, then age 34, had a "nervous breakdown," which left her an invalid, trapped in delusional fantasies that occasionally turned violent.[20] She changed "from an energetic, fun-loving, book-loving" woman into "someone who was afraid to be alone, who could not hang on to reality long enough to hold a job, and who could rarely concentrate enough to read a book".[20] Ruth spent long periods in and out of sanatoriums for the mentally ill.[20] Steinem was ten years old when her parents separated in 1944.[20] Her father went to California to find work, while she and her mother continued to live together in Toledo.[20]

While her parents divorced under the stress of her mother's illness, Steinem did not attribute it at all to male chauvinism on the father's part—she claims to have "understood and never blamed him for the breakup".[21] Nevertheless, the impact of these events had a formative effect on her personality: while her father, a traveling salesman, had never provided much financial stability to the family, his exit aggravated their situation.[22] Steinem concluded that her mother's inability to hold on to a job was evidence of general hostility towards working women.[22] She also concluded that the general apathy of doctors towards her mother emerged from a similar anti-woman animus.[22] Years later, Steinem described her mother's experience as pivotal to her understanding of social injustices.[23]: 129–138  These perspectives convinced Steinem that women lacked social and political equality.[23]

Steinem attended Waite High School in Toledo and Western High School in Washington, D.C., graduating from the latter while living with her older sister Susanne Steinem Patch.[24][25] She then attended Smith College,[26] an institution with which she continues to remain engaged, from which she received her A.B. magna cum laude and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa.[clarification needed][12]

In 1957, Steinem had an abortion. The procedure was performed by Dr. John Sharpe, a British physician, when abortion was still illegal.[27] Years later, Steinem dedicated her memoir My Life on the Road (2015) to him. She wrote: "Dr. John Sharpe of London, who in 1957, a decade before physicians in England could legally perform an abortion for any reason other than the health of the woman, took the considerable risk of referring for an abortion a twenty-two-year-old American on her way to India. Knowing only that she had broken an engagement at home to seek an unknown fate, he said, 'You must promise me two things. First, you will not tell anyone my name. Second, you will do what you want to do with your life.'"[28]

In the late 1950s, Steinem spent two years in India as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow. After returning to the United States, she served as director of the Independent Research Service, an organization funded in secret by a donor that turned out to be the CIA.[29] She worked to send non-Communist American students to the 1959 World Youth Festival.[29] In 1960, she was hired by Warren Publishing as the first employee of Help! magazine.[30]

Journalism

Esquire magazine features editor Clay Felker gave freelance writer Steinem what she later called her first "serious assignment", regarding contraception; he didn't like her first draft and had her re-write the article.[31] Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique by one year.[31][32]

In 1963, while working on an article for Huntington Hartford's Show magazine, Steinem was employed as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club.[33] The article, published in 1963 as "A Bunny's Tale", featured a photo of Steinem in Bunny uniform and detailed how women were treated at those clubs.[34] Steinem has maintained that she is proud of the work she did publicizing the exploitative working conditions of the bunnies and especially the sexual demands made of them, which skirted the edge of the law.[35][36] However, for a brief period after the article was published, Steinem was unable to land other assignments; in her words, this was "because I had now become a Bunny—and it didn't matter why."[35][37] However, on the upside, the article compelled the owner of Playboy, Hugh Hefner, to review and improve the working conditions of the Bunnies.

In the interim, she conducted an interview with John Lennon for Cosmopolitan magazine in 1964.[38] In 1965, she wrote for NBC-TV's weekly satirical revue, That Was The Week That Was (TW3), contributing a regular segment entitled "Surrealism in Everyday Life".[39] Steinem eventually landed a job at Felker's newly founded New York magazine in 1968.[31]

In 1969, she covered an abortion speak-out for New York Magazine, which was held in a church basement in Greenwich Village, New York.[40][41] Steinem had had an abortion herself in London at the age of 22.[42] She felt what she called a "big click" at the speak-out, and later said she didn't "begin my life as an active feminist" until that day.[41] As she recalled, "It [abortion] is supposed to make us a bad person. But I must say, I never felt that. I used to sit and try and figure out how old the child would be, trying to make myself feel guilty. But I never could! I think the person who said: 'Honey, if men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament' was right. Speaking for myself, I knew it was the first time I had taken responsibility for my own life. I wasn't going to let things happen to me. I was going to direct my life, and therefore it felt positive. But still, I didn't tell anyone. Because I knew that out there it wasn't [positive]."[42] She also said, "In later years, if I'm remembered at all it will be for inventing a phrase like 'reproductive freedom'  ... as a phrase it includes the freedom to have children or not to. So it makes it possible for us to make a coalition."[43]

 
The first issue of Ms., released in 1972

In 1972, she co-founded the feminist-themed magazine Ms. alongside founding editors Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, Dorothy Pitman Hughes, and Mary Peacock; it began as a special edition of New York, and Clay Felker funded the first issue.[31] Its 300,000 test copies sold out nationwide in eight days.[44][45] Within weeks, Ms. had received 26,000 subscription orders and more than 20,000 reader letters.[45] In 1974, Ms. collaborated with public television to produce the television program Woman Alive!, and Steinem was featured in the first episode in her role as co-founder of Ms. magazine.[46] The magazine was sold to the Feminist Majority Foundation in 2001; Steinem remains on the masthead as one of six founding editors and serves on the advisory board.[45]

Also in 1972, Steinem became the first woman to speak at the National Press Club.[47]

In November 1977, Steinem spoke at the 1977 National Women's Conference among other speakers including Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Lady Bird Johnson, Bella Abzug, Barbara Jordan, Cecilia Burciaga, Lenore Hershey, and Jean O'Leary.[48]

In 1978, Steinem wrote a semi-satirical essay for Cosmopolitan titled "If Men Could Menstruate" in which she imagined a world where men menstruate instead of women. She concludes in the essay that in such a world, menstruation would become a badge of honor with men comparing their relative sufferings, rather than the source of shame that it had been for women.[49]

On March 22, 1998, Steinem published an op-ed in The New York Times ("Feminists and the Clinton Question") in which she claimed that Bill Clinton's alleged behavior did not constitute sexual harassment, although she did not actually challenge the accounts by his accusers.[50] The op-ed was criticized by various writers, as in the Harvard Crimson[51] and in the Times itself.[52] In 2017, Steinem, in an interview with the British newspaper The Guardian, stood by her 1998 New York Times op-ed, but also said: "I wouldn’t write the same thing now."[53]

Activism

In 1959, Steinem led a group of activists in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to organize the Independent Service for Information on the Vienna festival, to advocate for American participation in the World Youth Festival, a Soviet-sponsored youth event.

In 1968, Steinem signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.[54]

In 1969, she published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation"[55] which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader.[9] As such she campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment, testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in its favor in 1970.[56][57] That same year she published her essay on a utopia of gender equality, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win", in Time magazine.[58]

On July 10, 1971, Steinem was one of more than three hundred women who founded the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC), including such notables as Bella Abzug, Betty Friedan, Shirley Chisholm, and Myrlie Evers-Williams.[59] As a co-convener of the Caucus, she delivered the speech "Address to the Women of America", stating in part:

This is no simple reform. It really is a revolution. Sex and race because they are easy and visible differences have been the primary ways of organizing human beings into superior and inferior groups and into the cheap labor on which this system still depends. We are talking about a society in which there will be no roles other than those chosen or those earned. We are really talking about humanism.[60]

In 1972, she ran as a delegate for Shirley Chisholm in New York, but lost.[61]

In March 1973, she addressed the first national conference of Stewardesses for Women's Rights, which she continued to support throughout its existence.[62] Stewardesses for Women's Rights folded in the spring of 1976.[62]

Despite her influence in the feminist movement, Steinem also earned criticism from some feminists as well, who questioned whether she was committed to the movement or using it to promote her glamorous image.[63] The Redstockings also singled her out for agreeing to cooperate with the CIA-backed Independent Research Service.[63] It was also acknowledged that Steinem worked as a CIA agent when this operation was taking place.[64][65]

Steinem, who grew up reading Wonder Woman comics, was also a key player in the restoration of Wonder Woman's powers and traditional costume, which were restored in issue #204 (January–February 1973).[66] Steinem, offended that the most famous female superhero had been depowered, had placed Wonder Woman (in costume) on the cover of the first issue of Ms. (1972)—Warner Communications, DC Comics' owner, was an investor—which also contained an appreciative essay about the character.[66][67] In doing so, however, Steinem forced the firing of Samuel R. Delany who had taken over scripting duties with issue #202. Delany was supposed to write a six-issue story arc, which would culminate in a battle over an abortion clinic where Wonder Woman was to defend women trying to use their services, a critical feminist issue at the time. The story outlines and the work already done on the issues was scrapped, something that Steinem was not aware of and made no attempt to rectify.[68]

In 1976, the first women-only Passover seder was held in Esther M. Broner's New York City apartment and led by Broner, with 13 women attending, including Steinem.[69]

In 1977, Steinem became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[70] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.

In 1984, Steinem was arrested along with a number of members of Congress and civil rights activists for disorderly conduct outside the South African embassy while protesting against the South African apartheid system.[71]

At the outset of the Gulf War in 1991, Steinem, along with prominent feminists Robin Morgan and Kate Millett, publicly opposed an incursion into the Middle East and asserted that ostensible goal of "defending democracy" was a pretense.[72]

During the Clarence Thomas sexual harassment scandal in 1991, Steinem voiced strong support for Anita Hill and suggested that one day Hill herself would sit on the Supreme Court.[73]

In 1992, Steinem co-founded Choice USA, a non-profit organization that mobilizes and provides ongoing support to a younger generation that lobbies for reproductive choice.[74][75][76]

In 1993, Steinem co-produced and narrated an Emmy Award-winning TV documentary for HBO about child abuse, called, "Multiple Personalities: The Search for Deadly Memories".[12] Also in 1993, she and Rosilyn Heller co-produced an original TV movie for Lifetime, "Better Off Dead," which examined the parallel forces that both oppose abortion and support the death penalty.[12]

She contributed the piece "The Media and the Movement: A User's Guide" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.[77]

On June 1, 2013, Steinem performed on stage at the "Chime For Change: The Sound Of Change Live" Concert at Twickenham Stadium in London, England.[78] Later in 2014, UN Women began its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women, and as part of that campaign Steinem (and others) spoke at the Apollo Theater in New York City.[79] Chime For Change was funded by Gucci, focusing on using innovative approaches to raise funds and awareness especially regarding girls and women.[78][80]

Steinem has stated, "I think the fact that I've become a symbol for the women's movement is somewhat accidental. A woman member of Congress, for example, might be identified as a member of Congress; it doesn't mean she's any less of a feminist but she's identified by her nearest male analog. Well, I don't have a male analog so the press has to identify me with the movement. I suppose I could be referred to as a journalist, but because Ms. is part of a movement and not just a typical magazine, I'm more likely to be identified with the movement. There's no other slot to put me in."[81]

Contrary to popular belief, Steinem did not coin the feminist slogan "A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle." Although she helped popularize it, the phrase is actually attributable to Irina Dunn.[82] When Time magazine published an article attributing the saying to Steinem, Steinem wrote a letter saying the phrase had been coined by Dunn.[83]

Another phrase sometimes wrongly attributed to Steinem is: "If men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament." Steinem herself attributed it to "an old Irish woman taxi driver in Boston," whom she said she and Florynce Kennedy met.[84]

Steinem joins Women Cross DMZ

On May 24, 2015, International Women's Day for Disarmament, thirty women— including two Nobel Peace laureates and retired Colonel Ann Wright— from 15 countries linked arms with 10,000 Korean women, stationing themselves on both sides of the DMZ to urge a formal end to the Korean War (1950-1953), the reunification of families divided during the war, and a peace building process with women in leadership positions to resolve seventy years of hostility following WWII.[85] It was unusual for South Korea and North Korea to reach consensus on allowing peace activists to enter the tense border area, one of the world's most dangerous places, where hundreds of thousands of troops are stationed in a heavily mined zone that divides South Korea from nuclear North Korea.[13]

In addition to Steinem, participants in crossing the DMZ included organizer Christine Ahn from Hawaii; feminist Suzuyo Takazato from Okinawa; Amnesty International human rights lawyer Erika Guevara of Mexico; Liberian peace and reconciliation advocate Leymah Gbowee; Philippines lawmaker Liza Maza; Northern Ireland peace activist Mairead Maguire and Colonel Ann Wright, a retired officer who resigned from the U.S. military to protest the US invasion of Iraq.

Steinem was the honorary co-chairwoman of 2015 Women's Walk For Peace In Korea with Mairead Maguire, and in the weeks leading up to the walk Steinem told the press, “It’s hard to imagine any more physical symbol of the insanity of dividing human beings."[13] The group's main goal is to advocate disarmament and seek Korea's reunification. It will be holding international peace symposiums both in Pyongyang and Seoul in which women from both North Korea and South Korea can share experiences and ideas of mobilizing women to stop the Korean crisis. It is especially believed that the role of women in this act would help and support the reunification of family members divided by the split prolonged for 70 years.[86][87][88][89]

She is also the chair of the advisory board of Apne Aap Women Worldwide, an organization fighting sex trafficking and inter-generational prostitution in India, founded by Ruchira Gupta.[90] She has also written extensively on her travels, experiences with women and the Indian feminist movement with her colleague and friend, Ruchira Gupta.[91] In 2014, Steinem and Gupta traveled through India to meet the country's young feminists, writers, and thought leaders. A diary was kept documenting their travels, "Notes on A Tour of the Indian Women's Movement".

Involvement in political campaigns

Steinem's involvement in presidential campaigns stretches back to her support of Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential campaign.[92]

1968 election

A proponent of civil rights and fierce critic of the Vietnam War, Steinem was initially drawn to Senator Eugene McCarthy because of his "admirable record" on those issues, but after meeting him and hearing him speak, she found him "cautious, uninspired, and dry".[23]: 87  As the campaign progressed, Steinem became baffled at "personally vicious" attacks that McCarthy leveled against his primary opponent Robert F. Kennedy, even as "his real opponent, Hubert Humphrey, went free".[23]: 88 

On a late-night radio show, Steinem garnered attention for declaring "George McGovern is the real Eugene McCarthy."[93] In 1968, Steinem was chosen to pitch the arguments to McGovern as to why he should enter the presidential race that year; he agreed, and Steinem "consecutively or simultaneously served as pamphlet writer, advance 'man', fund raiser, lobbyist of delegates, errand runner, and press secretary".[23]: 95 

McGovern lost the nomination at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and Steinem later wrote of her astonishment at Hubert Humphrey's "refusal even to suggest to Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley that he control the rampaging police and the bloodshed in the streets".[23]: 96 

1972 election

 
Steinem at the LBJ Library in 1975
 
At the Women's Action Alliance news conference of January 12, 1972

Steinem was reluctant to re-join the McGovern campaign, as although she had brought in McGovern's single largest campaign contributor in 1968, she "still had been treated like a frivolous pariah by much of McGovern's campaign staff". In April 1972, Steinem remarked that he "still doesn't understand the Women's Movement".[23]: 114 

McGovern ultimately excised the abortion issue from the party's platform, and recent publications show McGovern was deeply conflicted on the issue.[94] Steinem later wrote this description of the events:

The consensus of the meeting of women delegates held by the caucus had been to fight for the minority plank on reproductive freedom; indeed our vote had supported the plank nine to one. So fight we did, with three women delegates speaking eloquently in its favor as a constitutional right. One male Right-to-Life zealot spoke against, and Shirley MacLaine also was an opposition speaker, on the grounds that this was a fundamental right but didn't belong in the platform. We made a good showing. Clearly we would have won if McGovern's forces had left their delegates uninstructed and thus able to vote their consciences.[23]: 100–110 

 
Gloria Steinem in 1977, photographed by Lynn Gilbert

However, Germaine Greer flatly contradicted Steinem's account, reporting, "Jacqui Ceballos called from the crowd to demand abortion rights on the Democratic platform, but Bella [Abzug] and Gloria stared glassily out into the room," thus killing the abortion rights platform," and asking "Why had Bella and Gloria not helped Jacqui to nail him on abortion? What reticence, what loserism had afflicted them?"[95] Steinem later recalled that the 1972 Convention was the only time Greer and Steinem ever met.[96]

The cover of Harper's that month read, "Womanlike, they did not want to get tough with their man, and so, womanlike, they got screwed."[97]

2004 election

In the run-up to the 2004 election, Steinem voiced fierce criticism of the Bush administration, asserting, "There has never been an administration that has been more hostile to women's equality, to reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right, and has acted on that hostility," adding, "If he is elected in 2004, abortion will be criminalized in this country."[98] At a Planned Parenthood event in Boston, Steinem declared Bush "a danger to health and safety," citing his antagonism to the Clean Water Act, reproductive freedom, sex education, and AIDS relief.[99]

2008 election

Steinem was an active participant in the 2008 presidential campaign, and praised both the Democratic front-runners, commenting,

Both Senators Clinton and Obama are civil rights advocates, feminists, environmentalists, and critics of the war in Iraq  ... Both have resisted pandering to the right, something that sets them apart from any Republican candidate, including John McCain. Both have Washington and foreign policy experience; George W. Bush did not when he first ran for president.[100]

Nevertheless, Steinem endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton, citing her broader experience, and saying that the nation was in such bad shape it might require two terms of Clinton and two of Obama to fix it.[101]

She also made headlines for a New York Times op-ed in which she cited gender and not race as "probably the most restricting force in American life".[102] She elaborated, "Black men were given the vote a half-century before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot, and generally have ascended to positions of power, from the military to the boardroom, before any women."[102]

Steinem again drew attention for, according to the New York Observer, seeming "to denigrate the importance of John McCain's time as a prisoner of war in Vietnam"; Steinem's broader argument "was that the media and the political world are too admiring of militarism in all its guises".[103]

Following McCain's selection of Sarah Palin as his running mate, Steinem penned an op-ed in which she labeled Palin an "unqualified woman" who "opposes everything most other women want and need," described her nomination speech as "divisive and deceptive", called for a more inclusive Republican Party, and concluded that Palin resembled "Phyllis Schlafly, only younger".[104]

2016 election

 
Steinem at an event campaigning for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in September 2016.

In an HBO interview with Bill Maher, Steinem, when asked to explain the broad support for Bernie Sanders among young Democratic women, responded, "When you're young, you're thinking, 'Where are the boys? The boys are with Bernie.'"[105] Her comments triggered widespread criticism, and Steinem later issued an apology and said her comments had been "misinterpreted".[106]

Steinem endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[107] Steinem was an honorary co-chair of and speaker at the Women's March on Washington on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as president.[108]

CIA ties and leader of Independent Research Service

In 1967, Steinem revealed in an interview with The New York Times that she worked full time from 1958 until 1962 at the Independent Research Service, which was largely financed by the CIA.[109] In May 1975, Redstockings, a radical feminist group, published a report that Steinem and others put together on the Vienna Youth Festival and its attendees for the Independent Research Service.[110][111] Redstockings raised the question of whether Steinem had continuing ties with the CIA, which Steinem denied.[112] Steinem defended her relationship to the CIA, saying: "In my experience The Agency was completely different from its image; it was liberal, nonviolent and honorable."[64]

Personal life

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Steinem had a four-year relationship with the publisher Mortimer Zuckerman.[113][114][115][116]

On September 3, 2000, at age 66, Steinem married David Bale, father of actor Christian Bale.[26] The wedding was performed at the home of her friend Wilma Mankiller, the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.[117] Steinem technically became stepmother to Bale's four adult children; she has no biological children. Steinem and Bale were married for only three years before he died of brain lymphoma on December 30, 2003, at age 62.[118]

Steinem was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1986[119] and trigeminal neuralgia in 1994.[120]

Commenting on aging, Steinem says that as she approached 60 she felt like she entered a new phase in life that was free of the "demands of gender" that she faced from adolescence onward.[121]

Steinem lives alone in New York's Upper East Side, where she owns the first three floors of her historic brownstone apartment. In 2021, on her 87th birthday, Google Arts & Culture launched a virtual tour of her home, where she has lived since 1966.[122][123][124][125]

Political positions

 
Gloria Steinem (right) and Alice Walker celebrate Steinem's 75th birthday in the Fall 2009 issue of Ms.

Although most frequently considered a liberal feminist, Steinem has repeatedly characterized herself as a radical feminist.[126] More importantly, she has repudiated categorization within feminism as "nonconstructive to specific problems," saying: "I've turned up in every category. So it makes it harder for me to take the divisions with great seriousness."[120] Nevertheless, on concrete issues, Steinem has staked several firm positions.

Female genital mutilation

In 1979, Steinem wrote the article on female genital mutilation that brought it into the American public's consciousness; the article, "The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation," was published in the March 1979 issue of Ms.[23]: 292 [127] The article reported on the "75 million women suffering with the results of genital mutilation".[23]: 292 [127] According to Steinem, "The real reasons for genital mutilation can only be understood in the context of the "patriarchy": men must control women's bodies as the means of production, and thus repress the independent power of women's sexuality."[23]: 292 [127]

Steinem's article contains the basic arguments that would later be developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum.[128]

Feminist theory

 
Steinem at the LBJ Library in 2019

Steinem has frequently voiced her disapproval of the obscurantism and abstractions some claim to be prevalent in feminist academic theorizing.[120][129] She said, "Nobody cares about feminist academic writing. That's careerism. These poor women in academia have to talk this silly language that nobody can understand in order to be accepted [...] But I recognize the fact that we have this ridiculous system of tenure, that the whole thrust of academia is one that values education, in my opinion, in inverse ratio to its usefulness—and what you write in inverse relationship to its understandability."[120] Steinem later singled out deconstructionists like Judith Butler for criticism, saying, "I always wanted to put a sign up on the road to Yale saying, 'Beware: Deconstruction Ahead'. Academics are forced to write in language no one can understand so that they get tenure. They have to say 'discourse', not 'talk'. Knowledge that is not accessible is not helpful. It becomes aerialised—and I think it's important that women's experiences be given a narrative."[129]

Kinsey Reports

In addition to feminism, Steinem has also been a prominent advocate for analyzing the Kinsey Reports.[130][131]

Pornography

Steinem has criticized pornography, which she distinguishes from erotica, writing: "Erotica is as different from pornography as love is from rape, as dignity is from humiliation, as partnership is from slavery, as pleasure is from pain."[23]: 219 [132] Steinem's argument hinges on the distinction between reciprocity versus domination, as she writes, "Blatant or subtle, pornography involves no equal power or mutuality. In fact, much of the tension and drama comes from the clear idea that one person is dominating the other."[23]: 219 [132]

On the issue of same-sex pornography, Steinem asserts, "Whatever the gender of the participants, all pornography including male-male gay pornography is an imitation of the male-female, conqueror-victim paradigm, and almost all of it actually portrays or implies enslaved women and master."[23]: 219 [132] Steinem has also cited "snuff films" as a serious threat to women.[23]: 219 [132]

Same-sex marriage

In an essay published in Time magazine on August 31, 1970, "What Would It Be Like If Women Win," Steinem wrote about same-sex marriage in the context of the "Utopian" future she envisioned, writing:

What will exist is a variety of alternative life-styles. Since the population explosion dictates that childbearing be kept to a minimum, parents-and-children will be only one of many "families": couples, age groups, working groups, mixed communes, blood-related clans, class groups, creative groups. Single women will have the right to stay single without ridicule, without the attitudes now betrayed by "spinster" and "bachelor." Lesbians or homosexuals will no longer be denied legally binding marriages, complete with mutual-support agreements and inheritance rights. Paradoxically, the number of homosexuals may get smaller. With fewer over-possessive mothers and fewer fathers who hold up an impossibly cruel or perfectionist idea of manhood, boys will be less likely to be denied or reject their identity as males.[133]

Although Steinem did not mention or advocate same-sex marriage in any published works or interviews for more than three decades, she again expressed support for same-sex marriage in the early 2000s, stating in 2004 that "[the] idea that sexuality is only okay if it ends in reproduction oppresses women—whose health depends on separating sexuality from reproduction—as well as gay men and lesbians."[134] Steinem is also a signatory of the 2008 manifesto, "Beyond Same-Sex Marriage: A New Strategic Vision For All Our Families and Relationships", which advocates extending legal rights and privileges to a wide range of relationships, households, and families.[135]

Transgender rights

In 1977, Steinem expressed disapproval that the heavily publicized sex reassignment surgery of tennis player Renée Richards had been in her opinion characterized as either a frightening look at what feminism could cause or as proof that feminism was no longer necessary. Steinem wrote that the issue was at minimum "a diversion from the widespread problems of sexual inequality." She also wrote that, while she supported the right of individuals to identify as they choose, she believed some transsexuals "surgically mutilate their own bodies" in order to conform to a gender role that is inexorably tied to physical body parts. She claimed that "feminists are right to feel uncomfortable about the need for and uses of transsexualism."[23]: 206–210 

On October 2, 2013, Steinem clarified her remarks on transgender people in an op-ed for The Advocate, writing that critics failed to consider that her 1977 essay was "written in the context of global protests against routine surgical assaults, called female genital mutilation by some survivors."[136] Steinem later in the piece expressed unequivocal support for transgender people, saying that transgender people "including those who have transitioned, are living out real, authentic lives. Those lives should be celebrated, not questioned."[136] She also apologized for any pain her words might have caused.[136]

On June 15, 2020, Steinem co-wrote a letter with Mona Sinha to the editor of The New York Times, in which they opposed the elimination of civil rights protections for transgender healthcare by the Trump administration. In it, they made note of precolonial American traditions of gender variance and claimed that "the health of any of us affects the health of all of us, and excluding trans people endangers us all."[137]

Awards and honors

In media

 
Steinem on the cover of Ms. in 2002

In 1995, Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem, by Carolyn Heilbrun, was published.[156]

In 1997, Gloria Steinem: Her Passions, Politics, and Mystique, by Sydney Ladensohn Stern, was published.[157]

In 2005, Steinem appeared in season 2, episode 13 of The L Word

In the musical Legally Blonde, which premiered in 2007, Steinem is mentioned in the scene where Elle Woods wears a flashy Bunny costume to a party, and must pretend to be dressed as Gloria Steinem "researching her feminist manifesto 'I Was A Playboy Bunny'". (The actual name of the piece by Steinem being referred to here is "A Bunny's Tale".)

In 2011, Gloria: In Her Own Words, a documentary, first aired.[158]

In 2013, Female Force: Gloria Steinem, a comic book by Melissa Seymour, was published.[159][160][161]

Also in 2013, Steinem was featured in the documentary MAKERS: Women Who Make America about the feminist movement.[162]

In 2014, Who Is Gloria Steinem?, by Sarah Fabiny, was published.[163]

Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 1, episode 8, of the television show The Sixties.[164]

Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 6, episode 3, of the television show The Good Wife.[165]

In 2016, Steinem was featured in the catalog of clothing retailer Lands' End. After an outcry from anti-abortion customers, the company removed Steinem from their website, stating on their Facebook page: "It was never our intention to raise a divisive political or religious issue, so when some of our customers saw the recent promotion that way, we heard them. We sincerely apologize for any offense." The company then faced further criticism online, this time both from customers who were still unhappy that Steinem had been featured in the first place, and customers who were unhappy that Steinem had been removed.[166]

In Jennifer Lopez's 2016 music video for her song "Ain't Your Mama", Steinem can be heard saying part of her "Address to the Women of America" speech, specifically, "This is no simple reform. It really is a revolution."[167][168]

Also in 2016, the television series Woman premiered, featuring Steinem as producer and host; it is a documentary series concerning sexist injustice and violence worldwide.[169]

The Gloria Steinem Papers are held in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College, under collection number MS 237.[170]

The play Gloria: A Life, about Steinem's life, opened October 2018 at the Daryl Roth Theatre, directed by Diane Paulus.[171]

The Glorias is an American biographical film about Steinem which premiered in 2020.[172] In the film, she is played by four actresses who portray her life at various ages: Ryan Kiera Armstrong as a child, Lulu Wilson as a teen, Alicia Vikander between the ages of 20 and 40, and Julianne Moore as an older woman.

In 2020, Steinem was portrayed by Rose Byrne in the FX miniseries Mrs. America, depicting the movement to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).[173]

Works

  • The Thousand Indias (1957)
  • The Beach Book (1963), New York: Viking Press. OCLC 1393887
  • Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (1983), New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-063236-5
  • Marilyn: Norma Jean (1986), with George Barris, New York: Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-0060-3
  • Revolution from Within (1992), Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-81240-5
  • Moving beyond Words (1993), New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-64972-2
  • Doing Sixty & Seventy (2006), San Francisco: Elders Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-9758744-2-4
  • As if Women Matter: The Essential Gloria Steinem Reader (2014), co-written with Ruchira Gupta. ISBN 978-8129131034
  • My Life on the Road (2015), New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-45620-9
  • The Truth Will Set You Free, But First It Will Piss You Off! (2015), illustrated by Samantha Dion Baker. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-59313268-5
  • My Life on the Road (2016), New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0345408167

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Gloria Steinem.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloria Steinem.
  • Official website  
  • Gloria Steinem papers in the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections
  • at Feminist.com
  • Gloria Steinem September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America (affiliated with Women Make Movies)
  • Gloria Steinem Papers at the Sophia Smith Collection
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Michals, Debra "Gloria Steinem". National Women's History Museum. 2017.
  • Interview with Gloria Steinem, A DISCUSSION WITH National Authors on Tour TV Series, Episode #97 (1994)

December 28, 2022
gloria, steinem, gloria, marie, steinem, born, march, 1934, american, journalist, social, political, activist, emerged, nationally, recognized, leader, second, wave, feminism, united, states, late, 1960s, early, 1970s, steinem, chicago, 2018borngloria, marie, . Gloria Marie Steinem ˈ s t aɪ n em born March 25 1934 is an American journalist and social political activist who emerged as a nationally recognized leader of second wave feminism in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s 1 7 2 Gloria SteinemSteinem in Chicago 2018BornGloria Marie Steinem 1 1934 03 25 March 25 1934 age 88 Toledo Ohio U S EducationSmith College BA Occupation s Writer and journalist for Ms and New York magazines 2 MovementFeminism 2 Board member ofWomen s Media Center 3 SpouseDavid Bale m 2000 died 2003 wbr FamilyChristian Bale stepson 4 5 Tig Notaro distant cousin 6 Websitewww gloriasteinem comSignatureSteinem was a columnist for New York magazine and a co founder of Ms magazine 2 In 1969 Steinem published an article After Black Power Women s Liberation 8 which brought her national attention and positioned her as a feminist leader 9 In 1971 she co founded the National Women s Political Caucus which provides training and support for women who seek elected and appointed offices in government Also in 1971 she co founded the Women s Action Alliance which until 1997 provided support to a network of feminist activists and worked to advance feminist causes and legislation In the 1990s Steinem helped establish Take Our Daughters to Work Day an occasion for young girls to learn about future career opportunities 10 In 2005 Steinem Jane Fonda and Robin Morgan co founded the Women s Media Center an organization that works to make women visible and powerful in the media 11 As of May 2018 update Steinem was traveling internationally as an organizer and lecturer and was a media spokeswoman on issues of equality 12 In 2015 Steinem alongside two Nobel Peace Laureates Mairead Maguire of Northern Ireland and Leymah Gbowee of Liberia 13 Abigail Disney and other prominent women peace activists undertook a journey from the capital of North Korea Pyongyang to South Korea crossing the most heavily militarized zone in the world between the two Koreas Steinem speaking with supporters at the Women Together Arizona Summit at Carpenters Local Union in Phoenix Arizona September 2016 Contents 1 Early life 2 Journalism 3 Activism 3 1 Steinem joins Women Cross DMZ 4 Involvement in political campaigns 4 1 1968 election 4 2 1972 election 4 3 2004 election 4 4 2008 election 4 5 2016 election 5 CIA ties and leader of Independent Research Service 6 Personal life 7 Political positions 7 1 Female genital mutilation 7 2 Feminist theory 7 3 Kinsey Reports 7 4 Pornography 7 5 Same sex marriage 7 6 Transgender rights 8 Awards and honors 9 In media 10 Works 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life EditSteinem was born on March 25 1934 in Toledo Ohio 7 the daughter of Ruth nee Nuneviller and Leo Steinem Her mother was Presbyterian mostly of German including Prussian and some Scottish descent 14 15 Her father was Jewish the son of immigrants from Wurttemberg Germany and Radziejow Poland 15 16 17 18 Her paternal grandmother Pauline Perlmutter Steinem was chairwoman of the educational committee of the National Woman Suffrage Association a delegate to the 1908 International Council of Women and the first woman to be elected to the Toledo Board of Education as well as a leader in the movement for vocational education 19 Pauline also rescued many members of her family from the Holocaust 19 The Steinems lived and traveled about in a trailer from which Leo carried out his trade as a roaming antiques dealer 19 Before Gloria was born her mother Ruth then age 34 had a nervous breakdown which left her an invalid trapped in delusional fantasies that occasionally turned violent 20 She changed from an energetic fun loving book loving woman into someone who was afraid to be alone who could not hang on to reality long enough to hold a job and who could rarely concentrate enough to read a book 20 Ruth spent long periods in and out of sanatoriums for the mentally ill 20 Steinem was ten years old when her parents separated in 1944 20 Her father went to California to find work while she and her mother continued to live together in Toledo 20 While her parents divorced under the stress of her mother s illness Steinem did not attribute it at all to male chauvinism on the father s part she claims to have understood and never blamed him for the breakup 21 Nevertheless the impact of these events had a formative effect on her personality while her father a traveling salesman had never provided much financial stability to the family his exit aggravated their situation 22 Steinem concluded that her mother s inability to hold on to a job was evidence of general hostility towards working women 22 She also concluded that the general apathy of doctors towards her mother emerged from a similar anti woman animus 22 Years later Steinem described her mother s experience as pivotal to her understanding of social injustices 23 129 138 These perspectives convinced Steinem that women lacked social and political equality 23 Steinem attended Waite High School in Toledo and Western High School in Washington D C graduating from the latter while living with her older sister Susanne Steinem Patch 24 25 She then attended Smith College 26 an institution with which she continues to remain engaged from which she received her A B magna cum laude and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa clarification needed 12 In 1957 Steinem had an abortion The procedure was performed by Dr John Sharpe a British physician when abortion was still illegal 27 Years later Steinem dedicated her memoir My Life on the Road 2015 to him She wrote Dr John Sharpe of London who in 1957 a decade before physicians in England could legally perform an abortion for any reason other than the health of the woman took the considerable risk of referring for an abortion a twenty two year old American on her way to India Knowing only that she had broken an engagement at home to seek an unknown fate he said You must promise me two things First you will not tell anyone my name Second you will do what you want to do with your life 28 In the late 1950s Steinem spent two years in India as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow After returning to the United States she served as director of the Independent Research Service an organization funded in secret by a donor that turned out to be the CIA 29 She worked to send non Communist American students to the 1959 World Youth Festival 29 In 1960 she was hired by Warren Publishing as the first employee of Help magazine 30 Journalism EditEsquire magazine features editor Clay Felker gave freelance writer Steinem what she later called her first serious assignment regarding contraception he didn t like her first draft and had her re write the article 31 Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan s book The Feminine Mystique by one year 31 32 In 1963 while working on an article for Huntington Hartford s Show magazine Steinem was employed as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club 33 The article published in 1963 as A Bunny s Tale featured a photo of Steinem in Bunny uniform and detailed how women were treated at those clubs 34 Steinem has maintained that she is proud of the work she did publicizing the exploitative working conditions of the bunnies and especially the sexual demands made of them which skirted the edge of the law 35 36 However for a brief period after the article was published Steinem was unable to land other assignments in her words this was because I had now become a Bunny and it didn t matter why 35 37 However on the upside the article compelled the owner of Playboy Hugh Hefner to review and improve the working conditions of the Bunnies In the interim she conducted an interview with John Lennon for Cosmopolitan magazine in 1964 38 In 1965 she wrote for NBC TV s weekly satirical revue That Was The Week That Was TW3 contributing a regular segment entitled Surrealism in Everyday Life 39 Steinem eventually landed a job at Felker s newly founded New York magazine in 1968 31 In 1969 she covered an abortion speak out for New York Magazine which was held in a church basement in Greenwich Village New York 40 41 Steinem had had an abortion herself in London at the age of 22 42 She felt what she called a big click at the speak out and later said she didn t begin my life as an active feminist until that day 41 As she recalled It abortion is supposed to make us a bad person But I must say I never felt that I used to sit and try and figure out how old the child would be trying to make myself feel guilty But I never could I think the person who said Honey if men could get pregnant abortion would be a sacrament was right Speaking for myself I knew it was the first time I had taken responsibility for my own life I wasn t going to let things happen to me I was going to direct my life and therefore it felt positive But still I didn t tell anyone Because I knew that out there it wasn t positive 42 She also said In later years if I m remembered at all it will be for inventing a phrase like reproductive freedom as a phrase it includes the freedom to have children or not to So it makes it possible for us to make a coalition 43 The first issue of Ms released in 1972 In 1972 she co founded the feminist themed magazine Ms alongside founding editors Letty Cottin Pogrebin Mary Thom Patricia Carbine Joanne Edgar Nina Finkelstein Dorothy Pitman Hughes and Mary Peacock it began as a special edition of New York and Clay Felker funded the first issue 31 Its 300 000 test copies sold out nationwide in eight days 44 45 Within weeks Ms had received 26 000 subscription orders and more than 20 000 reader letters 45 In 1974 Ms collaborated with public television to produce the television program Woman Alive and Steinem was featured in the first episode in her role as co founder of Ms magazine 46 The magazine was sold to the Feminist Majority Foundation in 2001 Steinem remains on the masthead as one of six founding editors and serves on the advisory board 45 Also in 1972 Steinem became the first woman to speak at the National Press Club 47 In November 1977 Steinem spoke at the 1977 National Women s Conference among other speakers including Rosalynn Carter Betty Ford Lady Bird Johnson Bella Abzug Barbara Jordan Cecilia Burciaga Lenore Hershey and Jean O Leary 48 In 1978 Steinem wrote a semi satirical essay for Cosmopolitan titled If Men Could Menstruate in which she imagined a world where men menstruate instead of women She concludes in the essay that in such a world menstruation would become a badge of honor with men comparing their relative sufferings rather than the source of shame that it had been for women 49 On March 22 1998 Steinem published an op ed in The New York Times Feminists and the Clinton Question in which she claimed that Bill Clinton s alleged behavior did not constitute sexual harassment although she did not actually challenge the accounts by his accusers 50 The op ed was criticized by various writers as in the Harvard Crimson 51 and in the Times itself 52 In 2017 Steinem in an interview with the British newspaper The Guardian stood by her 1998 New York Times op ed but also said I wouldn t write the same thing now 53 Activism EditIn 1959 Steinem led a group of activists in Cambridge Massachusetts to organize the Independent Service for Information on the Vienna festival to advocate for American participation in the World Youth Festival a Soviet sponsored youth event In 1968 Steinem signed the Writers and Editors War Tax Protest pledge vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War 54 In 1969 she published an article After Black Power Women s Liberation 55 which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader 9 As such she campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in its favor in 1970 56 57 That same year she published her essay on a utopia of gender equality What It Would Be Like If Women Win in Time magazine 58 On July 10 1971 Steinem was one of more than three hundred women who founded the National Women s Political Caucus NWPC including such notables as Bella Abzug Betty Friedan Shirley Chisholm and Myrlie Evers Williams 59 As a co convener of the Caucus she delivered the speech Address to the Women of America stating in part This is no simple reform It really is a revolution Sex and race because they are easy and visible differences have been the primary ways of organizing human beings into superior and inferior groups and into the cheap labor on which this system still depends We are talking about a society in which there will be no roles other than those chosen or those earned We are really talking about humanism 60 In 1972 she ran as a delegate for Shirley Chisholm in New York but lost 61 In March 1973 she addressed the first national conference of Stewardesses for Women s Rights which she continued to support throughout its existence 62 Stewardesses for Women s Rights folded in the spring of 1976 62 Despite her influence in the feminist movement Steinem also earned criticism from some feminists as well who questioned whether she was committed to the movement or using it to promote her glamorous image 63 The Redstockings also singled her out for agreeing to cooperate with the CIA backed Independent Research Service 63 It was also acknowledged that Steinem worked as a CIA agent when this operation was taking place 64 65 Steinem who grew up reading Wonder Woman comics was also a key player in the restoration of Wonder Woman s powers and traditional costume which were restored in issue 204 January February 1973 66 Steinem offended that the most famous female superhero had been depowered had placed Wonder Woman in costume on the cover of the first issue of Ms 1972 Warner Communications DC Comics owner was an investor which also contained an appreciative essay about the character 66 67 In doing so however Steinem forced the firing of Samuel R Delany who had taken over scripting duties with issue 202 Delany was supposed to write a six issue story arc which would culminate in a battle over an abortion clinic where Wonder Woman was to defend women trying to use their services a critical feminist issue at the time The story outlines and the work already done on the issues was scrapped something that Steinem was not aware of and made no attempt to rectify 68 In 1976 the first women only Passover seder was held in Esther M Broner s New York City apartment and led by Broner with 13 women attending including Steinem 69 In 1977 Steinem became an associate of the Women s Institute for Freedom of the Press WIFP 70 WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women based media In 1984 Steinem was arrested along with a number of members of Congress and civil rights activists for disorderly conduct outside the South African embassy while protesting against the South African apartheid system 71 At the outset of the Gulf War in 1991 Steinem along with prominent feminists Robin Morgan and Kate Millett publicly opposed an incursion into the Middle East and asserted that ostensible goal of defending democracy was a pretense 72 During the Clarence Thomas sexual harassment scandal in 1991 Steinem voiced strong support for Anita Hill and suggested that one day Hill herself would sit on the Supreme Court 73 In 1992 Steinem co founded Choice USA a non profit organization that mobilizes and provides ongoing support to a younger generation that lobbies for reproductive choice 74 75 76 In 1993 Steinem co produced and narrated an Emmy Award winning TV documentary for HBO about child abuse called Multiple Personalities The Search for Deadly Memories 12 Also in 1993 she and Rosilyn Heller co produced an original TV movie for Lifetime Better Off Dead which examined the parallel forces that both oppose abortion and support the death penalty 12 She contributed the piece The Media and the Movement A User s Guide to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever The Women s Anthology for a New Millennium edited by Robin Morgan 77 On June 1 2013 Steinem performed on stage at the Chime For Change The Sound Of Change Live Concert at Twickenham Stadium in London England 78 Later in 2014 UN Women began its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and as part of that campaign Steinem and others spoke at the Apollo Theater in New York City 79 Chime For Change was funded by Gucci focusing on using innovative approaches to raise funds and awareness especially regarding girls and women 78 80 Steinem has stated I think the fact that I ve become a symbol for the women s movement is somewhat accidental A woman member of Congress for example might be identified as a member of Congress it doesn t mean she s any less of a feminist but she s identified by her nearest male analog Well I don t have a male analog so the press has to identify me with the movement I suppose I could be referred to as a journalist but because Ms is part of a movement and not just a typical magazine I m more likely to be identified with the movement There s no other slot to put me in 81 Contrary to popular belief Steinem did not coin the feminist slogan A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle Although she helped popularize it the phrase is actually attributable to Irina Dunn 82 When Time magazine published an article attributing the saying to Steinem Steinem wrote a letter saying the phrase had been coined by Dunn 83 Another phrase sometimes wrongly attributed to Steinem is If men could get pregnant abortion would be a sacrament Steinem herself attributed it to an old Irish woman taxi driver in Boston whom she said she and Florynce Kennedy met 84 Steinem joins Women Cross DMZ Edit On May 24 2015 International Women s Day for Disarmament thirty women including two Nobel Peace laureates and retired Colonel Ann Wright from 15 countries linked arms with 10 000 Korean women stationing themselves on both sides of the DMZ to urge a formal end to the Korean War 1950 1953 the reunification of families divided during the war and a peace building process with women in leadership positions to resolve seventy years of hostility following WWII 85 It was unusual for South Korea and North Korea to reach consensus on allowing peace activists to enter the tense border area one of the world s most dangerous places where hundreds of thousands of troops are stationed in a heavily mined zone that divides South Korea from nuclear North Korea 13 In addition to Steinem participants in crossing the DMZ included organizer Christine Ahn from Hawaii feminist Suzuyo Takazato from Okinawa Amnesty International human rights lawyer Erika Guevara of Mexico Liberian peace and reconciliation advocate Leymah Gbowee Philippines lawmaker Liza Maza Northern Ireland peace activist Mairead Maguire and Colonel Ann Wright a retired officer who resigned from the U S military to protest the US invasion of Iraq Steinem was the honorary co chairwoman of 2015 Women s Walk For Peace In Korea with Mairead Maguire and in the weeks leading up to the walk Steinem told the press It s hard to imagine any more physical symbol of the insanity of dividing human beings 13 The group s main goal is to advocate disarmament and seek Korea s reunification It will be holding international peace symposiums both in Pyongyang and Seoul in which women from both North Korea and South Korea can share experiences and ideas of mobilizing women to stop the Korean crisis It is especially believed that the role of women in this act would help and support the reunification of family members divided by the split prolonged for 70 years 86 87 88 89 She is also the chair of the advisory board of Apne Aap Women Worldwide an organization fighting sex trafficking and inter generational prostitution in India founded by Ruchira Gupta 90 She has also written extensively on her travels experiences with women and the Indian feminist movement with her colleague and friend Ruchira Gupta 91 In 2014 Steinem and Gupta traveled through India to meet the country s young feminists writers and thought leaders A diary was kept documenting their travels Notes on A Tour of the Indian Women s Movement Involvement in political campaigns EditSteinem s involvement in presidential campaigns stretches back to her support of Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential campaign 92 1968 election Edit A proponent of civil rights and fierce critic of the Vietnam War Steinem was initially drawn to Senator Eugene McCarthy because of his admirable record on those issues but after meeting him and hearing him speak she found him cautious uninspired and dry 23 87 As the campaign progressed Steinem became baffled at personally vicious attacks that McCarthy leveled against his primary opponent Robert F Kennedy even as his real opponent Hubert Humphrey went free 23 88 On a late night radio show Steinem garnered attention for declaring George McGovern is the real Eugene McCarthy 93 In 1968 Steinem was chosen to pitch the arguments to McGovern as to why he should enter the presidential race that year he agreed and Steinem consecutively or simultaneously served as pamphlet writer advance man fund raiser lobbyist of delegates errand runner and press secretary 23 95 McGovern lost the nomination at the 1968 Democratic National Convention and Steinem later wrote of her astonishment at Hubert Humphrey s refusal even to suggest to Chicago Mayor Richard J Daley that he control the rampaging police and the bloodshed in the streets 23 96 1972 election Edit Steinem at the LBJ Library in 1975 At the Women s Action Alliance news conference of January 12 1972 Steinem was reluctant to re join the McGovern campaign as although she had brought in McGovern s single largest campaign contributor in 1968 she still had been treated like a frivolous pariah by much of McGovern s campaign staff In April 1972 Steinem remarked that he still doesn t understand the Women s Movement 23 114 McGovern ultimately excised the abortion issue from the party s platform and recent publications show McGovern was deeply conflicted on the issue 94 Steinem later wrote this description of the events The consensus of the meeting of women delegates held by the caucus had been to fight for the minority plank on reproductive freedom indeed our vote had supported the plank nine to one So fight we did with three women delegates speaking eloquently in its favor as a constitutional right One male Right to Life zealot spoke against and Shirley MacLaine also was an opposition speaker on the grounds that this was a fundamental right but didn t belong in the platform We made a good showing Clearly we would have won if McGovern s forces had left their delegates uninstructed and thus able to vote their consciences 23 100 110 Gloria Steinem in 1977 photographed by Lynn Gilbert However Germaine Greer flatly contradicted Steinem s account reporting Jacqui Ceballos called from the crowd to demand abortion rights on the Democratic platform but Bella Abzug and Gloria stared glassily out into the room thus killing the abortion rights platform and asking Why had Bella and Gloria not helped Jacqui to nail him on abortion What reticence what loserism had afflicted them 95 Steinem later recalled that the 1972 Convention was the only time Greer and Steinem ever met 96 The cover of Harper s that month read Womanlike they did not want to get tough with their man and so womanlike they got screwed 97 2004 election Edit In the run up to the 2004 election Steinem voiced fierce criticism of the Bush administration asserting There has never been an administration that has been more hostile to women s equality to reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right and has acted on that hostility adding If he is elected in 2004 abortion will be criminalized in this country 98 At a Planned Parenthood event in Boston Steinem declared Bush a danger to health and safety citing his antagonism to the Clean Water Act reproductive freedom sex education and AIDS relief 99 2008 election Edit Steinem was an active participant in the 2008 presidential campaign and praised both the Democratic front runners commenting Both Senators Clinton and Obama are civil rights advocates feminists environmentalists and critics of the war in Iraq Both have resisted pandering to the right something that sets them apart from any Republican candidate including John McCain Both have Washington and foreign policy experience George W Bush did not when he first ran for president 100 Nevertheless Steinem endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton citing her broader experience and saying that the nation was in such bad shape it might require two terms of Clinton and two of Obama to fix it 101 She also made headlines for a New York Times op ed in which she cited gender and not race as probably the most restricting force in American life 102 She elaborated Black men were given the vote a half century before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot and generally have ascended to positions of power from the military to the boardroom before any women 102 Steinem again drew attention for according to the New York Observer seeming to denigrate the importance of John McCain s time as a prisoner of war in Vietnam Steinem s broader argument was that the media and the political world are too admiring of militarism in all its guises 103 Following McCain s selection of Sarah Palin as his running mate Steinem penned an op ed in which she labeled Palin an unqualified woman who opposes everything most other women want and need described her nomination speech as divisive and deceptive called for a more inclusive Republican Party and concluded that Palin resembled Phyllis Schlafly only younger 104 2016 election Edit Steinem at an event campaigning for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in September 2016 In an HBO interview with Bill Maher Steinem when asked to explain the broad support for Bernie Sanders among young Democratic women responded When you re young you re thinking Where are the boys The boys are with Bernie 105 Her comments triggered widespread criticism and Steinem later issued an apology and said her comments had been misinterpreted 106 Steinem endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run up for the 2016 U S presidential election 107 Steinem was an honorary co chair of and speaker at the Women s March on Washington on January 21 2017 the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as president 108 CIA ties and leader of Independent Research Service EditIn 1967 Steinem revealed in an interview with The New York Times that she worked full time from 1958 until 1962 at the Independent Research Service which was largely financed by the CIA 109 In May 1975 Redstockings a radical feminist group published a report that Steinem and others put together on the Vienna Youth Festival and its attendees for the Independent Research Service 110 111 Redstockings raised the question of whether Steinem had continuing ties with the CIA which Steinem denied 112 Steinem defended her relationship to the CIA saying In my experience The Agency was completely different from its image it was liberal nonviolent and honorable 64 Personal life EditIn the late 1980s and early 1990s Steinem had a four year relationship with the publisher Mortimer Zuckerman 113 114 115 116 On September 3 2000 at age 66 Steinem married David Bale father of actor Christian Bale 26 The wedding was performed at the home of her friend Wilma Mankiller the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation 117 Steinem technically became stepmother to Bale s four adult children she has no biological children Steinem and Bale were married for only three years before he died of brain lymphoma on December 30 2003 at age 62 118 Steinem was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1986 119 and trigeminal neuralgia in 1994 120 Commenting on aging Steinem says that as she approached 60 she felt like she entered a new phase in life that was free of the demands of gender that she faced from adolescence onward 121 Steinem lives alone in New York s Upper East Side where she owns the first three floors of her historic brownstone apartment In 2021 on her 87th birthday Google Arts amp Culture launched a virtual tour of her home where she has lived since 1966 122 123 124 125 Political positions Edit Gloria Steinem right and Alice Walker celebrate Steinem s 75th birthday in the Fall 2009 issue of Ms Although most frequently considered a liberal feminist Steinem has repeatedly characterized herself as a radical feminist 126 More importantly she has repudiated categorization within feminism as nonconstructive to specific problems saying I ve turned up in every category So it makes it harder for me to take the divisions with great seriousness 120 Nevertheless on concrete issues Steinem has staked several firm positions Female genital mutilation Edit In 1979 Steinem wrote the article on female genital mutilation that brought it into the American public s consciousness the article The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation was published in the March 1979 issue of Ms 23 292 127 The article reported on the 75 million women suffering with the results of genital mutilation 23 292 127 According to Steinem The real reasons for genital mutilation can only be understood in the context of the patriarchy men must control women s bodies as the means of production and thus repress the independent power of women s sexuality 23 292 127 Steinem s article contains the basic arguments that would later be developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum 128 Feminist theory Edit Steinem at the LBJ Library in 2019 Steinem has frequently voiced her disapproval of the obscurantism and abstractions some claim to be prevalent in feminist academic theorizing 120 129 She said Nobody cares about feminist academic writing That s careerism These poor women in academia have to talk this silly language that nobody can understand in order to be accepted But I recognize the fact that we have this ridiculous system of tenure that the whole thrust of academia is one that values education in my opinion in inverse ratio to its usefulness and what you write in inverse relationship to its understandability 120 Steinem later singled out deconstructionists like Judith Butler for criticism saying I always wanted to put a sign up on the road to Yale saying Beware Deconstruction Ahead Academics are forced to write in language no one can understand so that they get tenure They have to say discourse not talk Knowledge that is not accessible is not helpful It becomes aerialised and I think it s important that women s experiences be given a narrative 129 Kinsey Reports Edit In addition to feminism Steinem has also been a prominent advocate for analyzing the Kinsey Reports 130 131 Pornography Edit Steinem has criticized pornography which she distinguishes from erotica writing Erotica is as different from pornography as love is from rape as dignity is from humiliation as partnership is from slavery as pleasure is from pain 23 219 132 Steinem s argument hinges on the distinction between reciprocity versus domination as she writes Blatant or subtle pornography involves no equal power or mutuality In fact much of the tension and drama comes from the clear idea that one person is dominating the other 23 219 132 On the issue of same sex pornography Steinem asserts Whatever the gender of the participants all pornography including male male gay pornography is an imitation of the male female conqueror victim paradigm and almost all of it actually portrays or implies enslaved women and master 23 219 132 Steinem has also cited snuff films as a serious threat to women 23 219 132 Same sex marriage Edit In an essay published in Time magazine on August 31 1970 What Would It Be Like If Women Win Steinem wrote about same sex marriage in the context of the Utopian future she envisioned writing What will exist is a variety of alternative life styles Since the population explosion dictates that childbearing be kept to a minimum parents and children will be only one of many families couples age groups working groups mixed communes blood related clans class groups creative groups Single women will have the right to stay single without ridicule without the attitudes now betrayed by spinster and bachelor Lesbians or homosexuals will no longer be denied legally binding marriages complete with mutual support agreements and inheritance rights Paradoxically the number of homosexuals may get smaller With fewer over possessive mothers and fewer fathers who hold up an impossibly cruel or perfectionist idea of manhood boys will be less likely to be denied or reject their identity as males 133 Although Steinem did not mention or advocate same sex marriage in any published works or interviews for more than three decades she again expressed support for same sex marriage in the early 2000s stating in 2004 that the idea that sexuality is only okay if it ends in reproduction oppresses women whose health depends on separating sexuality from reproduction as well as gay men and lesbians 134 Steinem is also a signatory of the 2008 manifesto Beyond Same Sex Marriage A New Strategic Vision For All Our Families and Relationships which advocates extending legal rights and privileges to a wide range of relationships households and families 135 Transgender rights Edit In 1977 Steinem expressed disapproval that the heavily publicized sex reassignment surgery of tennis player Renee Richards had been in her opinion characterized as either a frightening look at what feminism could cause or as proof that feminism was no longer necessary Steinem wrote that the issue was at minimum a diversion from the widespread problems of sexual inequality She also wrote that while she supported the right of individuals to identify as they choose she believed some transsexuals surgically mutilate their own bodies in order to conform to a gender role that is inexorably tied to physical body parts She claimed that feminists are right to feel uncomfortable about the need for and uses of transsexualism 23 206 210 On October 2 2013 Steinem clarified her remarks on transgender people in an op ed for The Advocate writing that critics failed to consider that her 1977 essay was written in the context of global protests against routine surgical assaults called female genital mutilation by some survivors 136 Steinem later in the piece expressed unequivocal support for transgender people saying that transgender people including those who have transitioned are living out real authentic lives Those lives should be celebrated not questioned 136 She also apologized for any pain her words might have caused 136 On June 15 2020 Steinem co wrote a letter with Mona Sinha to the editor of The New York Times in which they opposed the elimination of civil rights protections for transgender healthcare by the Trump administration In it they made note of precolonial American traditions of gender variance and claimed that the health of any of us affects the health of all of us and excluding trans people endangers us all 137 Awards and honors EditAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Southern California s Bill of Rights Award 12 American Humanist Association s 2012 Humanist of the Year 2012 12 Biography magazine s 25 most influential women in America Steinem was listed as one of them 12 Clarion award 12 DVF Lifetime Leadership Award 2014 138 Emmy Citation for excellence in television writing 12 Esquire s 75 greatest women of all time Steinem was listed as one of them 2010 139 Equality Now s international human rights award given jointly to her and Efua Dorkenoo 2000 140 FAO CERES Medal FAO CERES Steinem Silver Obverse Front Page award 12 Glamour magazine s The 75 Most Important Women of the Past 75 Years Steinem was listed as one of them 2014 141 Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund s Liberty Award 12 Library Lion award 2015 142 The Ms Foundation for Women s Gloria Awards given annually since 1988 are named after Steinem 143 National Gay Rights Advocates Award 12 National Magazine awards 12 National Women s Hall of Fame inductee 1993 12 New York Women s Foundation s Century Award 2014 144 Parenting s Lifetime Achievement Award 1995 12 Penney Missouri Journalism Award 12 Presidential Medal of Freedom 2013 145 146 147 Rutgers University announced the Gloria Steinem Endowed Chair in September 2014 148 The Chair was created to fund teaching and research for someone not necessarily a woman who exemplifies Steinem s values of equal representation in the media 149 and to have this person teach at least one undergraduate course per semester 149 Sara Curry Humanitarian Award 2007 150 Simmons College s Doctorate of Human Justice 12 Society of Professional Journalists Lifetime Achievement in Journalism Award 12 Supersisters trading card set card number 32 featured Steinem s name and picture 1979 151 United Nations Ceres Medal 12 United Nations Society of Writers Award 12 University of Missouri School of Journalism Award for Distinguished Service in Journalism 12 Women s Sports Journalism Award 12 2015 Richard C Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize 152 Recipient of the 2017 Ban Ki moon Award For Women s Empowerment 153 On May 20 2019 Steinem received an honorary degree from Yale University 154 On May 19 2021 Steinem received the Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities 155 In media Edit Steinem on the cover of Ms in 2002 In 1995 Education of a Woman The Life of Gloria Steinem by Carolyn Heilbrun was published 156 In 1997 Gloria Steinem Her Passions Politics and Mystique by Sydney Ladensohn Stern was published 157 In 2005 Steinem appeared in season 2 episode 13 of The L WordIn the musical Legally Blonde which premiered in 2007 Steinem is mentioned in the scene where Elle Woods wears a flashy Bunny costume to a party and must pretend to be dressed as Gloria Steinem researching her feminist manifesto I Was A Playboy Bunny The actual name of the piece by Steinem being referred to here is A Bunny s Tale In 2011 Gloria In Her Own Words a documentary first aired 158 In 2013 Female Force Gloria Steinem a comic book by Melissa Seymour was published 159 160 161 Also in 2013 Steinem was featured in the documentary MAKERS Women Who Make America about the feminist movement 162 In 2014 Who Is Gloria Steinem by Sarah Fabiny was published 163 Also in 2014 Steinem appeared in season 1 episode 8 of the television show The Sixties 164 Also in 2014 Steinem appeared in season 6 episode 3 of the television show The Good Wife 165 In 2016 Steinem was featured in the catalog of clothing retailer Lands End After an outcry from anti abortion customers the company removed Steinem from their website stating on their Facebook page It was never our intention to raise a divisive political or religious issue so when some of our customers saw the recent promotion that way we heard them We sincerely apologize for any offense The company then faced further criticism online this time both from customers who were still unhappy that Steinem had been featured in the first place and customers who were unhappy that Steinem had been removed 166 In Jennifer Lopez s 2016 music video for her song Ain t Your Mama Steinem can be heard saying part of her Address to the Women of America speech specifically This is no simple reform It really is a revolution 167 168 Also in 2016 the television series Woman premiered featuring Steinem as producer and host it is a documentary series concerning sexist injustice and violence worldwide 169 The Gloria Steinem Papers are held in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College under collection number MS 237 170 The play Gloria A Life about Steinem s life opened October 2018 at the Daryl Roth Theatre directed by Diane Paulus 171 The Glorias is an American biographical film about Steinem which premiered in 2020 172 In the film she is played by four actresses who portray her life at various ages Ryan Kiera Armstrong as a child Lulu Wilson as a teen Alicia Vikander between the ages of 20 and 40 and Julianne Moore as an older woman In 2020 Steinem was portrayed by Rose Byrne in the FX miniseries Mrs America depicting the movement to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment ERA 173 Works EditThe Thousand Indias 1957 The Beach Book 1963 New York Viking Press OCLC 1393887 Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions 1983 New York Holt Rinehart and Winston ISBN 978 0 03 063236 5 Marilyn Norma Jean 1986 with George Barris New York Holt ISBN 978 0 8050 0060 3 Revolution from Within 1992 Boston Little Brown ISBN 978 0 316 81240 5 Moving beyond Words 1993 New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 671 64972 2 Doing Sixty amp Seventy 2006 San Francisco Elders Academy Press ISBN 978 0 9758744 2 4 As if Women Matter The Essential Gloria Steinem Reader 2014 co written with Ruchira Gupta ISBN 978 8129131034 My Life on the Road 2015 New York Random House ISBN 978 0 679 45620 9 The Truth Will Set You Free But First It Will Piss You Off 2015 illustrated by Samantha Dion Baker New York Random House ISBN 978 0 59313268 5 My Life on the Road 2016 New York Random House ISBN 978 0345408167See also EditFeminism in the United States List of women s rights activistsReferences Edit a b Gloria Steinem Fast Facts CNN September 6 2014 Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 a b c d Gloria Steinem Encyclopedia of World Biography 2004 Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Board of Directors Women s Media Center Archived from the original on October 31 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Feminist Dad of the Day Christian Bale Women and Hollywood July 25 2012 Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Denes Melissa January 16 2005 Feminism It s hardly begun The Guardian Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved December 31 2014 Alt URL permanent dead link Episode 7 No Laughing Matter Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates Jr PBS February 19 2019 Retrieved May 14 2019 a b Gloria Steinem historynet com Archived from the original on October 4 2014 Retrieved November 8 2014 Steinem Gloria April 7 1969 Gloria Steinem After Black Power Women s Liberation New York Magazine Archived from the original on January 1 2013 Retrieved March 12 2013 a b Gloria Steinem Feminist Pioneer Leader for Women s Rights and Equality The Connecticut Forum Archived from the original on July 15 2015 Retrieved November 9 2014 Gloria Steinem National Women s History Museum Retrieved March 11 2021 The Invisible Majority Women amp the Media Feminist com Archived from the original on October 29 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v The Official Website of Author and Activist Gloria Steinem About Gloriasteinem com Archived from the original on March 27 2018 Retrieved June 5 2018 a b c Nations Associated Press at the United April 3 2015 North Korea supports Gloria Steinem led women s walk across the DMZ The Guardian Retrieved February 27 2021 Heilbrun Carolyn G July 20 2011 Education of a Woman The Life of Gloria Steinem Carolyn G Heilbrun Google Books ISBN 9780307802132 Archived from the original on January 29 2018 Retrieved June 15 2016 a b Finding Your Roots February 23 2016 PBS Gloria Steinem Jewish Women s Archive Archived from the original on June 7 2014 Retrieved November 8 2014 Ancestry of Gloria Steinem Wargs com Archived from the original on March 11 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Gloria Steinem s Interactive Family Tree Finding Your Roots PBS February 25 2016 Archived from the original on June 10 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 a b c Pogrebin Letty Cottin March 20 2009 Gloria Steinem Jewish Women s Archive Archived from the original on November 3 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 a b c d e Steinem Gloria 1983 Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions Holt Rinehart and Winston pp 140 142 ISBN 978 0 03 063236 5 Marcello Patricia Gloria Steinem A Biography Westport CT Greenwood Press 2004 p 20 a b c Marcello Patricia Gloria Steinem A Biography Westport CT Greenwood Press 2004 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Steinem Gloria 1984 Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions 1 ed New York Henry Holt amp Co Classmates remember Steinem s Toledo days Toledo Free Press Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 8 2014 Gloria Steinem class of 1952 Western High School Retrieved November 8 2014 a b Gloria Steinem Biography com Archived from the original on October 4 2011 Retrieved June 1 2010 Framke Caroline October 30 2015 Gloria Steinem s new book is dedicated to doctor who helped her get an abortion in 1957 Vox Retrieved June 7 2020 Mrs America Did That Gloria Steinem Abortion Scene Really Happen TheWrap April 18 2020 Retrieved June 7 2020 a b C I A Subsidized Festival Trips Hundreds of Students Were Sent to World Gatherings The New York Times February 21 1967 Archived from the original on February 3 2014 Cooke Jon Wrightson s Warren Days TwoMorrows Archived from the original on January 5 2010 Retrieved June 1 2010 a b c d Mclellan Dennis July 2 2008 Clay Felker 82 editor of New York magazine led New Journalism charge Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 30 2008 Retrieved November 23 2008 Fox Margalit February 5 2006 Betty Friedan Who Ignited Cause in Feminine Mystique Dies at 85 Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions Archived from the original on May 27 2015 Retrieved November 10 2014 Kolhatkar Sheelah December 18 2005 Gloria Steinem The New York Observer Archived from the original on November 20 2009 Retrieved June 1 2010 Steinem Gloria May 1963 A Bunny s Tale PDF Show Archived from the original PDF on December 18 2014 Retrieved November 10 2014 a b Steinem Gloria 1995 I Was a Playboy Bunny PDF Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions Archived from the original PDF on October 27 2011 Retrieved November 10 2014 Interview With Gloria Steinem ABC News 2011 Archived from the original on June 2 2015 Retrieved November 10 2014 For feminist Gloria Steinem the fight continues interview Minnesota Public Radio June 15 2009 Archived from the original on October 14 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Elizabeth Thomson David Gutman 1987 The Lennon Companion Twenty Five Years of Comment Da Capo Press p 30 ISBN 978 0 306 81270 5 Archived from the original on September 30 2015 Patricia Cronin Marcello 2004 Gloria Steinem A Biography Greenwood Publishing Group p 14 ISBN 978 0 313 32576 2 Archived from the original on September 8 2013 Retrieved July 22 2013 Steinem Gloria April 6 1998 30th Anniversary Issue Gloria Steinem First Feminist Nymag com Archived from the original on March 11 2013 Retrieved July 20 2012 a b Pogrebin Abigail October 30 2011 An Oral History of Ms Magazine Nymag com Archived from the original on July 9 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 a b Rachel Cooke November 13 2011 Gloria Steinem I think we need to get much angrier Guardian London Archived from the original on October 1 2013 Retrieved July 20 2012 Gilbert Lynn amp Moore Gaylen Particular Passions Talks With Women Who Shaped Our Times Clarkson Potter 1981 p 166 The Eighties Gloria Steinem Colored Reflections Archived from the original on February 1 2016 Retrieved November 4 2015 a b c Ms Magazine History Msmagazine com December 31 2001 Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Woman Alive Collection 1974 1977 A Finding Aid MC 421 Schlesinger Library Radcliffe Institute Harvard University Cambridge Mass Accessed May 18 2020 Ruth Tam December 31 2001 Gloria Steinem No such thing as a feminist icon The Washington Post Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 10 2014 1977 National Women s Conference A Question of Choices 1977 11 21 The Walter J Brown Media Archives amp Peabody Awards Collection at the University of Georgia American Archive of Public Broadcasting Steinem Gloria October 1978 If Men Could Menstruate Ms Steinem Gloria March 22 1998 feminists and the Clinton Question New York Times cited on message board Archived from the original on November 14 2017 Retrieved October 11 2017 Suleiman Daniel March 3 1998 The Whore Principle Harvard Crimson Archived from the original on December 12 2017 Retrieved October 11 2017 Frago William March 25 1998 Are Feminists Right to Stand by Clinton Enabling Bad Behavior Harvard Crimson Retrieved October 11 2017 Redden Molly November 30 2017 Gloria Steinem on her Bill Clinton essay I wouldn t write the same thing now via www theguardian com Writers and Editors War Tax Protest January 30 1968 New York Post Steinem Gloria April 4 1969 After Black Power Women s Liberation New York Archived from the original on July 1 2010 Retrieved June 1 2010 Gary Donaldson 2007 Modern America A Documentary History of the Nation Since 1945 M E Sharpe p 240 ISBN 978 0 7656 1537 4 Archived from the original on October 12 2013 Retrieved July 22 2013 TESTIMONY BEFORE SENATE HEARINGS ON THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Voicesofdemocracy umd edu May 6 1970 Archived from the original on June 23 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Steinem Gloria August 31 1970 What It Would Be Like If Women Win Time Magazine Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Retrieved July 20 2012 Jodi O Brien 2008 Encyclopedia of Gender and Society Sage Publications pp 652 ISBN 978 1 4522 6602 2 Archived from the original on March 18 2015 Retrieved November 11 2014 Johnson Lewis Jone Gloria Steinem Quotes About Archived from the original on July 12 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Freeman Jo February 2005 Shirley Chisholm s 1972 Presidential Campaign University of Illinois at Chicago Women s History Project Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 a b Guide to the Records of Stewardesses for Women s Rights WAG 061 Tamiment Library and Robert F Wagner Archives Archived from the original on July 2 2011 Retrieved August 20 2010 a b Gloria Steinem Biography a b Kounalakis Marko s October 25 2015 The feminist was a spook Chicago Tribune Steinem Gloria November 21 2019 Steinem was a CIA agent Her interview to journalist Cory Morningstar about her CIA job Retrieved April 16 2020 a b McAvennie Michael Dolan Hannah ed 2010 1970s DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle Dorling Kindersley p 154 ISBN 978 0 7566 6742 9 After nearly five years of Diana Prince s non powered super heroics writer editor Robert Kanigher and artist Don Heck restored Wonder Woman s well wonder a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a first2 has generic name help Greenberger Robert 2010 Wonder Woman Amazon Hero Icon Rizzoli Universe Promotional Books p 175 ISBN 978 0 7893 2416 0 Journalist and feminist Gloria Steinem was tapped in 1970 to write the introduction to Wonder Woman a hardcover collection of older stories Steinem later went on to edit Ms with the first issue published in 1972 featuring the Amazon Princess on its cover In both publications the heroine s powerless condition during the 1970s was pilloried A feminist backlash began to grow demanding that Wonder Woman regain the powers and costume that put her on a par with the Man of Steel Matsuuchi Ann 2012 Wonder Woman Wears Pants Wonder Woman Feminism and the 1972 Women s Lib Issue PDF Colloquy Text Theory Critique Monash University 24 Archived from the original PDF on June 26 2015 This Week in History E M Broner publishes The Telling Jewish Women s Archive Archived April 14 2010 at the Wayback Machine Jwa org March 1 1993 Retrieved on October 18 2011 Associates The Women s Institute for Freedom of the Press www wifp org Archived from the original on August 10 2017 Retrieved June 21 2017 Arrested at embassy Gadsden Times December 20 1984 p A10 Retrieved November 11 2014 Steinem Gloria January 20 1991 We Learned the Wrong Lessons in Vietnam A Feminist Issue Still The New York Times Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Sontag Deborah April 26 1992 Anita Hill and Revitalizing Feminism The New York Times Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Choice USA Choice USA Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Sheaffer Robert April 1997 Feminism the Noble Lie Free Inquiry Magazine Archived from the original on November 2 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Grenier Richard July 25 1994 Feminists falsify facts for effect controversy over Gloria Steinem s use of anorexia death statistics stirs controversy over exaggeration for political effect Insight on the News Archived from the original on November 21 2011 Retrieved November 11 2014 Library Resource Finder Table of Contents for Sisterhood is forever the women s anth Vufind carli illinois edu Archived from the original on October 17 2015 Retrieved October 15 2015 a b Gloria Steinem Pictures Show At Chime For Change The Sound Of Change Live Concert Zimbio May 31 2013 Archived from the original on March 17 2015 Retrieved March 1 2014 Gloria Steinem Helps UN Women Unveil Beijing 20 Campaign Zimbio July 1 2014 Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Chime for Change www chimeforchange org Archived from the original on January 28 2017 Gilbert Lynn December 10 2012 Particular Passions Gloria Steinem Women of Wisdom Series 1st ed New York NY Lynn Gilbert Inc ISBN 978 1 61979 354 5 Retrieved November 11 2014 dead link A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle The Phrase Finder Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Letters Time magazine US edition September 16 2000 and Australian edition October 9 2000 Retrieved November 11 2014 Bardi Jennifer August 14 2012 The Humanist Interview with Gloria Steinem Thehumanist org Archived from the original on December 12 2013 Retrieved March 1 2014 Sang Hun Choe May 24 2015 Peace Activists Cross Demilitarized Zone Separating Koreas Published 2015 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 27 2021 Gladstone Rick March 11 2015 With Plan to Walk Across DMZ Women Aim for Peace in Korea The New York Times Archived from the original on October 9 2015 Retrieved April 7 2015 North Korea Has Given A Gloria Steinem Led Peace March The Thumbs Up BuzzFeed Archived from the original on February 23 2017 Women Cross DMZ Ending The Korean War Reuniting Families www womencrossdmz org Archived from the original on September 7 2015 Nations Associated Press at the United April 3 2015 North Korea supports Gloria Steinem led women s walk across the DMZ Archived from the original on December 31 2016 via The Guardian Advisory Board Apne Aap Women Worldwide apneaap org Retrieved April 16 2020 Steinem Gloria March 20 2014 A Temporary End to a Tour of the Indian Women s Movement India Ink Retrieved April 16 2020 Lazo Caroine Gloria Steinem Feminist Extraordinaire New York Lerner Publications 1998 p 28 Miroff Bruce The Liberals Moment The McGovern Insurgency and the Identity Crisis of the Democratic Party University Press of Kansas 2007 p 206 Miroff p 207 Harper s Magazine October 1972 Evans Joni April 16 2009 Gloria Steinem Still Committing Outrageous Acts at 75 Wow Archived from the original on January 14 2011 Retrieved July 20 2012 Harper s Magazine Archives Harpers org Archived from the original on August 6 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Buzzflash Interview Buzzflash com February 5 2004 Archived from the original on August 28 2013 Retrieved July 20 2012 Feminist Pioneer Gloria Steinem Bush is a Danger to Our Health and Safety Democracynow org July 26 2004 Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Steinem Gloria February 7 2007 Right Candidates Wrong Question The New York Times Archived from the original on January 29 2017 Retrieved July 1 2009 Feldman Claudia September 18 2007 Has Gloria Steinem mellowed No way The Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on September 21 2008 Retrieved July 1 2009 a b Steinem Gloria January 8 2008 Women Are Never Front Runners The New York Times Archived from the original on January 1 2014 Retrieved July 20 2012 Stanage Niall March 8 2008 Stumping for Clinton Steinem Says McCain s POW Cred Is Overrated New York Observer Archived from the original on August 30 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 Steinem Gloria September 4 2008 Palin wrong woman wrong message LA Times Archived from the original on April 17 2010 Retrieved July 1 2009 Rappeport Alan February 7 2016 Gloria Steinem and Madeleine Albright Scold Young Women Backing Bernie Sanders The New York Times Archived from the original on February 7 2016 Retrieved February 7 2016 Contrera Jessica February 7 2016 Gloria Steinem is apologizing for insulting female Bernie Sanders supporters The Washington Post Archived from the original on February 8 2016 Retrieved February 7 2016 Brendan J International Business Times February 10 2016 Crockett Emily January 21 2017 The Women s March on Washington explained Vox Retrieved December 6 2022 C I A Subsidized Festival Trips nNmeBase The New York Times February 21 1967 Archived from the original on September 7 2012 Retrieved April 25 2022 Gloria Steinem and the CIA NameBase The New York Times February 21 1967 Archived from the original on August 30 2010 Retrieved January 20 2012 Gloria Steinem Spies on Students for the CIA NameBase Redstockings 1975 Archived from the original on September 3 2012 Retrieved January 20 2012 Harrington Stephanie July 4 1976 Betty Friedan Verbal Sexism Eric Hoffer The Village Voice the Centennial The New York Times Archived from the original on April 10 2009 Retrieved July 20 2012 Melissa Denes January 16 2005 Feminism It s hardly begun World news The Guardian Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved February 26 2015 Mrs America s Gloria Steinem Is Still Fighting For Equality Today Oprah Daily April 15 2020 Retrieved August 29 2022 It s Okay To Be Obsessed With Gloria Steinem s Style British Vogue September 10 2020 Retrieved August 29 2022 Mort Zuckerman and Gloria Steinem during Wedding of Abe Rosenthal amp Getty Images Retrieved August 29 2022 Feminist icon Gloria Steinem first time bride at 66 CNN com September 5 2000 Archived from the original on September 17 2007 Retrieved November 16 2014 von Zeilbauer Paul January 1 2004 David Bale 62 Activist and businessman The New York Times Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 16 2014 Holt Patricia September 22 1995 Making Ms Story The biography of Gloria Steinem a woman of controversy and contradictions The San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on October 30 2014 Retrieved November 16 2014 a b c d Gorney Cynthia November December 1995 Gloria Mother Jones Archived from the original on July 29 2016 Retrieved November 16 2014 Steinem Gloria October 26 2015 At 81 Feminist Gloria Steinem Finds Herself Free Of The Demands Of Gender NPR Archived from the original on November 4 2015 Retrieved November 4 2015 Sugar Rachel June 1 2017 Gloria Steinem buys an Upper East Side diamond in the rough Curbed NY Retrieved September 11 2022 Magazine Smithsonian McGreevy Nora Take a Virtual Tour of Feminist Icon Gloria Steinem s Historic Manhattan Apartment Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved September 11 2022 Gordon Lisa Kaplan June 6 2017 Gloria Steinem Just Bought a New Upper East Side Apartment Town amp Country Retrieved September 11 2022 Gloria Steinem on aging 1976 Click Americana clickamericana com September 20 2017 Retrieved September 11 2022 Marianne Schnall Interview Feminist com April 3 1995 Archived from the original on July 12 2012 Retrieved July 20 2012 a b c The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation by Gloria Steinem Ms March 1979 p 65 Nussbaum Martha C Sex amp Social Justice New York Oxford University Press 1999 pp 118 129 a b Denes Melissa January 17 2005 Feminism It s hardly begun The Guardian London Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 16 2014 50 Years After The Kinsey Report www cbsnews com Broadcasts iu edu Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Retrieved June 14 2018 a b c d Erotica and Pornography A Clear and Present Difference Ms November 1978 p 53 amp Pornography Not Sex but the Obscene Use of Power Ms August 1977 p 43 Both retrieved November 16 2014 What Would It Be Like If Women Win Associated Press August 31 1970 Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Retrieved January 17 2011 Steptoe Sonja Steinem Gloria March 28 2004 10 Questions For Gloria Steinem Time Magazine Archived from the original on August 26 2013 Retrieved November 16 2014 Signatories BeyondMarriage org Archived from the original on April 20 2008 Retrieved January 17 2011 a b c Steinem Gloria October 2 2013 Op ed On Working Together Over Time Advocate com Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Sinha Mona Steinem Gloria June 15 2020 Trump and Transgender Rights The New York Times Retrieved January 20 2021 The Lifetime Leadership Award Gloria Steinem www dvf com 2014 Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 The 75 Greatest Women of All Time Esquire Magazine May 2010 Archived from the original on November 13 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Read a Peace Report Remembering our friend and colleague Efua Dorkenoo Equality Now October 28 2014 Archived from the original on November 2 2014 Retrieved November 7 2014 The Most Inspiring Female Celebrities Entrepreneurs and Political Figures Glamour com Glamour February 7 2014 Archived from the original on December 20 2014 Katie Van Syckle Gloria Steinem Hillary Will Have a Hard Time The Cut Nymag com Archived from the original on November 6 2015 Retrieved November 4 2015 Sophie Rosenblum May 24 2010 Women Celebrated and Supported at the 22nd Annual Gloria Awards NoVo Foundation Archived from the original on November 29 2014 Retrieved November 17 2014 Marianne Garvey Brian Niemietz with Molly Friedman May 11 2014 Denzel Washington dining out at SoHo hotspot causes a spicy fray NY Daily News Retrieved November 7 2014 Obama Awards Medal of Freedom to 16 Americans Voanews com Archived from the original on February 26 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Wilson Teddy If We Each Have a Torch There s a Lot More Light Gloria Steinem Accepts the Presidential Medal of Freedom Rhrealitycheck org Archived from the original on March 31 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Women s Media Center Congratulates Co Founder Gloria Steinem on Presidential Medal of Freedom Women s Media Center August 8 2013 Archived from the original on December 7 2013 Retrieved March 1 2014 Zernike Kate September 26 2014 Rutgers to Endow Chair Named for Gloria Steinem The New York Times Archived from the original on September 29 2014 Retrieved September 27 2014 a b Lin Lan September 29 2014 Rutgers endows chair for feminist icon Gloria Steinem The Daily Targum Archived from the original on October 7 2014 Retrieved October 5 2014 Congressional Record Volume 153 Number 18 U S Congress January 30 2007 Archived from the original on April 21 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Wulf Steve March 23 2015 Supersisters Original Roster Espn go com Archived from the original on June 5 2015 Retrieved June 4 2015 Gloria Steinem 2015 Recipient of the Richard C Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award Dayton Literary Peace Prize November 10 2012 Archived from the original on August 10 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 Dayani Dilshad Ban Ki moon and Women in Power Define Empowerment With Their Renewed Pledge to Help A Woman Rise Thrive Global October 18 2017 Biographies of Yale s 2019 honorary degree recipients YaleNews May 20 2019 2021 Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities Fundaċion Princesa de Asturias Retrieved July 26 2021 Bridget Berry Gloria Steinem Wagner College Archived from the original on November 29 2014 Retrieved November 17 2014 Bryan Paul Frost Jeffrey Sikkenga January 1 2003 History of American Political Thought Lexington Books pp 711 ISBN 978 0 7391 0624 2 Archived from the original on March 18 2015 McNamara Mary August 15 2011 Television review Gloria In Her Own Words Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 23 2011 Bahadur Nina September 9 2013 Gloria Steinem Female Force Comic Book Looks Seriously Amazing Huffingtonpost com Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved March 1 2014 Romy Zipken September 10 2013 Gloria Steinem Is A Comic Book Star jewcy com Archived from the original on October 12 2013 Retrieved March 1 2014 Gloria Steinem Comic Book Joins a Strong Female Force Not to be Reckoned With VITAMIN W Vitaminw co September 11 2013 Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved March 1 2014 Radish Christina 2013 Gloria Steinem Talks PBS Documentary MAKERS WOMEN WHO MAKE AMERICA the Current State of Women s Rights Today s Most Inspiring Women amp More collider com Archived from the original on April 22 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Sarah Fabiny Max Hergenrother Nancy Harrison December 26 2014 Who Is Gloria Steinem Penguin Group US ISBN 978 0 698 18737 5 Archived from the original on March 18 2015 The Sixties Season 1 Episode 8 The Times They Are a Changin aired 7 24 2014 tv com 2014 Archived from the original on August 8 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 The Good Wife Good Law Season 6 Episode 3 Celebrity Justice October 6 2014 Archived from the original on November 23 2014 Retrieved November 17 2014 Rogers Katie February 29 2016 Catalog Interview With Gloria Steinem Has Lands End on Its Heels The New York Times Archived from the original on March 1 2016 Retrieved February 29 2016 JenniferLopezVEVO May 6 2016 Jennifer Lopez Ain t Your Mama Archived from the original on January 29 2018 via YouTube Recording of an excerpt of the Address to the Women of America at MSN Encarta Archived from the original on October 30 2009 Gloria Steinem talks about Woman Bendbulletin com Archived from the original on June 16 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 Gloria Steinem Papers 1940 2000 ongoing 237 boxes 105 75 linear ft Collection number MS 237 Sophia Smith Collection Archived from the original on February 2 2014 Retrieved March 1 2014 Aukland Cleo October 19 2018 What Did Critics Think of Gloria A Life Off Broadway Playbill Retrieved January 19 2019 Sundance 2020 Unveils Female Powered Lineup With Taylor Swift Gloria Steinem Films Hollywood Reporter December 4 2019 Retrieved March 2 2020 Channing Cornelia April 15 2020 What s Fact and What s Fiction in Mrs America Slate Magazine Retrieved December 7 2022 Further reading EditEducation of A Woman The Life of Gloria Steinem by Carolyn Heilbrun Ballantine Books United States 1995 ISBN 978 0 345 40621 7 Gloria Steinem Her Passions Politics and Mystique by Sydney Ladensohn Stern Birch Lane Press 1997 ISBN 978 1 55972 409 8External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Gloria Steinem Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloria Steinem Official website Gloria Steinem papers in the Sophia Smith Collection Smith College Special Collections Profile at Feminist com Gloria Steinem Archived September 10 2015 at the Wayback Machine Video produced by Makers Women Who Make America affiliated with Women Make Movies Gloria Steinem Papers at the Sophia Smith Collection Appearances on C SPAN Michals Debra Gloria Steinem National Women s History Museum 2017 Interview with Gloria Steinem A DISCUSSION WITH National Authors on Tour TV Series Episode 97 1994 Portals United States Biography Feminism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gloria Steinem amp oldid 1130052128, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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