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Wikipedia

List of festivals in Nigeria

January 02, 2023

Festivals in Nigeria, some of which dates back to the period before the arrival of the major religions in her ethnically and culturally diverse society. The christian festivals[1][2] and Islam festivals[3] are often celebrated in ways that are unique to Nigeria or unique to the people of a locality.[4] The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation has been working with the states to bring more awareness and significance to the traditional festivals, which may become important sources of tourism revenue.[5] There are more than 365 festivals in Nigeria according to the Minister of Information and Culture, Mr Lai Mohammed and government is working hard to harness these festivals as a way of showcasing and boosting the country's diverse cultures.[6][7]

List of festivals in Nigeria

 
Adekunle Gold Performing at Felabration

Book festivals

Film festivals in Nigeria

See also: Category:Film festivals in Nigeria

Music festivals in Nigeria

See also: Category:Music festivals in Nigeria

Cultural festivals in Nigeria

See also: Category:Cultural festivals in Nigeria

Other

Book festivals

Port Harcourt Book Festival[17]

Main article: Port Harcourt Book Festival

The Port Harcourt Book Festival is an annual literary event in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, organized by the Rainbow Book Club and endorsed by the Rivers State Government since 2008. The Garden City Literary Festival, which is currently known as the Port Harcourt Book Festival was founded by Governor Amaechi of Rivers State,[18] Hundreds of literary fans flock to the Garden City every year for this six-day event, which includes a book fair, writers' workshops, and a variety of other activities. In the past the Festival has been attended by recognized authors and has hosted a number of celebrities.[19][20]

The festival began as the brainchild of Koko Kalango, who thought it up as a means to propel tourism numbers and heighten literacy awareness in the city of Port Harcourt and its neighboring areas. Originally scheduled for 8 September each year, to coincide with United Nations' International Literacy Day, the festival has continued to expand and has been highly rated since its debut.[21]

Lagos Book and Art Festival (LABAF)[22]

Main article: Lagos Book and Art Festival

The Lagos Book and Art Festival (LABAF) is an annual arts festival founded in 1999 by the Committee for Relevant Art (CORA), a Nigerian-based cultural organisation. LABAF features a number of different activities including pre-festival activities like book treks and other major festival activities including musical performances, book readings, film screenings, a publishers’ forum], book and art exhibitions, panel discussions, colloquiums, symposiums, book presentations, cultural exhibitions, book reviews, a green festival and more events. The festival also enables the participation of students of primary and secondary schools and universities in Nigeria by introducing competition and mentoring opportunities for them. The festival also selects different books yearly that are featured as Books of the Festival and form part of the festival's discourse for that year.[23]

Kaduna Book And Art Festival (KABAFEST)[24]

Main article: Kaduna Book and Arts Festival

Kaduna Book and Arts Festival, also known as KABAFEST, is an annual literary, cultural, and art event in Kaduna State, Nigeria that took place for the first time in July, 2017.[25] It was organized by Book Buzz Foundation, who also organizes the annual Aké Arts and Book Festival, in collaboration with the Kaduna State Government and the Gusau Institute. It was also the first book festival that occurs annually in northern Nigeria.[26] There is a perception about Northern Nigeria as a place that is too conservative for books and literature. KABAFEST was conceived - an initiative of the Kaduna State Government, as a way to address that misconception. Of that founding, Lola Shoneyin of Book Buzz says through the festival, she "aim to create new and exciting opportunities for social and cultural interaction, the celebration and promotion of creatives in the Northern region of Nigeria and foster tolerance and understanding through dialogues about books, culture, the arts and society."[26][27]

Aké Arts and Book Festival[28]

Main article: Aké Arts and Book Festival

The Aké Arts and Book Festival is an annual literary, cultural and arts event that was founded in 2013 by the Nigerian writer Lola Shoneyin, taking place in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Although it has featured new and established writers from across the world, its focus has been to promote, develop and celebrate creativity on the African continent in diverse genres. In 2018 the festival was held for the first time in Lagos, from 24 October to 27 October, with the theme being "Fantastical Futures". The Aké Arts and Book Festival has been described as the African continent's biggest annual gathering of literary writers, editors, critics and readers. Shoneyin started the festival because, according to her, she "wanted a place where intellectuals and thinkers can come together and talk about African issues on African soil." The festival is named after Aké, a town in Abeokuta, Ogun State, where Africa's first Nobel Laureate in Literature, Wole Soyinka, was born in 1934.[29]

Nigeria International Book Fair

Main article: Nigeria International Book Fair

The Nigeria International Book Fair (NIBF) is an annual cultural event in the republic of Nigeria. It is known to be the most attended book fair in the whole of Africa, being the only international book fair in Nigeria and the second largest international book fair in Africa. NIBF brings together book enthusiasts such as writers and poet that are generally involved in the creation of print, audio and digital books all over the country at her annual fair.[30]

The main aim of the festival is to promote and improve the reading culture among Nigerians and Africans as a whole. Every second week of May annually, the NIBF hosts publishers, booksellers, illustrators, authors, exhibitors and readers who displays and sell their books at discounted prices.[31]

The Nigeria International Book Fair was inaugurated in 2001. The chairman of the event is also known to be the chairman of Nigerian Book Fair Trust, who currently is Gbadega Adedapo.[32][33]

Film festivals

Africa International Film Festival[34]

Main article: Africa International Film Festival

The Africa International Film Festival (AFRIFF) is an annual film festival that takes place in Nigeria. It was founded in 2010 with its Inaugural edition in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. AFRIFF was founded by Chioma Ude a passionate film buff and entrepreneur, The event normally spans through a week and it includes award shows and film training classes. Keith Shiri, the founder/director of Africa at the Pictures is the artistic director of the festival. AFRIFF gives out honors in categories such Feature, Documentary, Short, Animation, and Students Short, as well as awards and prizes for Directing, Acting, and Screenplay. There are additional special awards for Audience Choice and an Outstanding Film Jury Award.[35][36]

Eko International Film Festival[37]

Main article: Eko International Film Festival

The annual Eko International Film Festival (EKOIFF) is an international film festival held in Lagos, Nigeria. The Eko International Film Festival was founded and established in 2009 by Hope Obioma Opara,[38] the CEO of Supple Communications Limited, under which the festival is held. He is also the publisher of Supple magazine, an African cinema and culture journal that features film previews, reviews, and interviews. The purpose of the Eko International Film Festival is to develop tourism in Nigeria by promoting appreciation of the arts and culture through the motion picture arts and sciences.[39]

Lights, Camera, Africa!

Main article: Lights, Camera, Africa!

Lights, Camera, Africa! is a film festival which has been held annually in Lagos since 2011. The festival was established by Ugoma Adegoke. Hosted by The Life House, the inaugural Lights, Camera, Africa! was supported by New York's African Film Festival, Inc. and ran for three days, from 30 September – 2 October 2011.[40][41]

Music festivals

Felabration[42]

Main article: Felabration

Felabration is an annual music festival conceived in 1998 by Yeni Anikulapo-Kuti in memory and celebration of her father Fela Kuti, a Nigerian musician and human rights activist known for pioneering the afrobeat genre of music.[43] The one-week-long event which is held annually at the New Afrika Shrine in Ikeja, attracts visitors from different countries and has thus been considered as an official tourist destination by the Lagos State Government.[44]

Felabration is held on the week of Fela Kuti birthday. The event features musical performances from top music acts from Nigeria and guest appearances from internationally acclaimed musicians and personalities.[45] It also consists of street parades, symposia on social and topical issues, debates and photo exhibitions.[46] The festival had legendary performances from Star acts like Third World: an international reggae group, 2face, Femi Kuti, Ice Prince and a surprise performance by Majek Fashek.[45]

Lagos International Jazz Festival[47]

Main article: Lagos International Jazz Festival

The Lagos International Jazz Festival (LIJF), also known as Lagos Jazz Fest, is an annual celebration of jazz music and culture that was founded by Ayoola Shadare of Inspiro Productions and takes place in Lagos.[48][49]

This music festival is three days event. The 2016 edition was divided into a two-day standard edition which was held at the Freedom Park, Lagos and then a 0ne day luxury edition which took place at The Bay Lounge Waterfront.[50][51]

Rhythm Unplugged

Main article: Rhythm Unplugged

Rhythm Unplugged is a music concert in West Africa.[52] CEO of the Flytime Group, Cecil Hammond, organised the first concert in 2004.[53] The annual concert is organised by Flytime Promotions, a subsidiary of the Flytime Group. The 2011 Lagos edition of Rhythm Unplugged unveiled artists including Wizkid, Olamide, Davido, Tiwa Savage and Seyi Shay.[54]

Rhythm Unplugged concerts featured dialoguing co-hosts, notably, co-hosts Julius Agwu and Okey Bakassi, who hosted several Flytime Promotions events in the early years. Rhythm Unplugged also pioneered the extensive artist line-up for single concert events in Nigeria.[55] Rhythm Unplugged was first organised by Cecil Hammond in 2004 via his company Flytime Promotions. The entertainment event was designed to promote Nigerian musicians and comedians at a time when the Nigerian music industry was just gaining recognition on the international music scene.[56][57]

Nupe Cultural Day

Main article: Nupe Cultural Day

The Nupe Day Celebration is a traditional and cultural event or celebration observed in Nigeria on the 26th of June. The event is ordinarily celebrated by the Nupe community yearly in the country. The Nupe day event is a traditional and festival celebration, which marks the day when the British Army was defeated by a native African Army on the 26 June 1896, when the British Protectorate in Lokoja approached the Bida Military camp at Ogidi of present Kogi State which bring the resulting of the defeated of British Constabulary and the Union Jack was seized by the Nupe Cavalry. The annual celebration was the founding idea of the Nupe elders through the tribes, Unlike the Durbar festival and the Pategi Ragatta boating festival which is also among Nupe event and Northern Nigeria traditional event.[58]

Star Mega Jam

Main article: Star Mega Jam

The Star Mega Jam was a series of music concerts in Nigeria held annually from 2000 to 2010. Each year it was held in Lagos and Abuja. Acts that played included Awilo Logomba, Shaggy, Usher, Koffi Olumide, 50 Cent, Ja Rule and Kevin Lyttle, LL Cool J and Akon, Kanye West, T-Pain, Nelly, Nas, Busta Rhymes and Ludacris.[59] Thus festival however was stopped in 2011, with the organisers stating that it was due to logistical challenges.[60]

Gidi Culture Festival

Main article: Gidi Culture Festival

The Gidi Culture Festival (often dubbed Coachella in Lagos) is an annual one-day music and arts festival that takes place in Lagos, Nigeria. Co-founded by Chinedu Okeke and Oriteme Banigo, it was created in response to a demand from the local youth culture for live, affordable, and accessible entertainment in Africa. The festival provides a venue for live bands, DJs, and musical acts to perform. It also features outdoor activities, local vendors, and artisans. The main show features a line-up of African acts from numerous countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, Congo, Kenya, and the United Kingdom. The goal of the festival is to encourage the development of African talent and promote artists both within the continent and into overseas markets.[61][62]

Livespot X Festival

Main article: Livespot X Festival

Livespot X Festival is an annual music concert that launched in 2019 with its maiden edition in Lagos, Nigeria and Accra, Ghana. The concert is organized by Livespot 360 ownwed by Deola Art Alade.[63] The 2019 edition of Livespot X Festival unveiled artists including Cardi B,[64] Teni, Burna boy, Tiwa Savage, Seyi Shay, Joeboy, Ice Prince, DJ Cuppy, Reekado Banks, and Patoranking[65] which was held in Lagos and Ghana.

Livespot X Festival featured a fusion of incredible live performances; music, impressive lighting, special acts, and immersive experiences, all rolled into one high-octane event.[66]

Christian festivals

Christians account for about 50% of the Nigerian population, living throughout the country but predominantly in the south.[67] The main Christian festivals are Christmas and Easter.[68][69] The way in which these holidays are celebrated often incorporates traditions from earlier religions.[4]

Christmas is held on 25 December each year to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.[70] It is a public holiday in Nigeria.[71] In Igboland, in addition to a church service and distribution of gifts the festivities may include Mmo (masquerade) dancing, where men in their twenties or thirties dress in colorful costumes and wear masks. These masquerades, which pre-date the introduction of Christianity, honor the ancestral spirits.[72] In some areas, palm branches are hung inside and outside the houses, signs of peace and symbols of Christmas.[73] Easter is held to commemorate the crucification of Jesus Christ on Good Friday and to celebrate his resurrection three days later on Easter Sunday. It is a public holiday in Nigeria.[71] Easter usually occurs in April.[74] Easter Sunday is a joyful occasion, celebrated with feasting, dancing, drumming, and sometimes with public masquerades and dancers.[75] Majorly, a fasting exercise comes ahead of the Easter celebration which is known as the Lent.[76] Although, it is not been practice by all denomination(s) i.e. only some denomination gives full regard to it.

Christmas and Easter may be times of heightened tension between Christians and Muslims in some areas. On Christmas Eve in 2010 at least 38 people were killed, including shoppers and church attendees. Members of the extreme Islamist sect Boko Haram were blamed for several incidents.[77] Some reports placed the death toll as high as 80.[78] In 2011, Easter occurred just after elections in which Goodluck Jonathan, a southerner and Christian, had been elected president. Churches were burned in some parts of northern Nigeria, and some Christians were killed in post-election violence.[79][80]

Muslim festivals

About half of the population of Nigeria adhere to the Muslim religion, with Muslims living throughout the country but particularly in the north. 39% are Muslims 50% are Christians and 11% percent are other practiced religions [81] There are two main Muslim festivals, Eid Al Fitri and Eid Al Kabir, all national public holidays.[82][71] The different ethnic groups in different locations have the same way for celebrating these festivals.[4]

The three-day festival of Eid Al Fitri celebrates the end of the holy month of Ramadan, a period of fasting from dawn to dusk each day. The festival is a time to give charity to the poor, and to celebrate the completion of Ramadan with family and friends.[83]

 
Bida Emirate durbar festival, 2001

Eid al Kabir (known as Eid al-Adha elsewhere), or "Festival of Sacrifice", is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Abraham (ʾIbrāhīm) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ismā'īl) as an act of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a ram to sacrifice instead. A ram, goat, sheep, cow or camel is sacrificed, with the family eating part of the animal and donating the rest to the poor. The festival is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month in the Islamic calendar.[84][85]

Durbar festivals are celebrated at the culmination of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.[86] Durbars have been held for hundreds of years in the northern states, notably the Daura Emirate, and gave an opportunity for conscripts to the army to display their skills as horsemen. In modern times, durbars are held in honor of visiting heads of state. They include a parade, shows and competitions. The horsemen are dressed in vividly colored costumes, with period weapons, and are accompanied by a drum corps and musicians.[5] Modern Durbar festivals include prayers at the start of the day, followed by parades in town squares or in front of the local emir's palace. Horsemanship is still the main focus. Each group must gallop at full tilt past the Emir, then halt and salute him with raised swords.[87] Durbar festivals are being developed as important tourist attractions.[88] Due to the presence of COVID-19 in most parts of the country, some northern states decided to put off the durbar celebrations to curtail the spread of the virus since the celebrations always attract a number of guests and spectators with little or no adherence to COVID-19 safety protocols.[89][90][91][92]

Kayo-Kayo Festival

Main article: Kayo-Kayo Festival

The Kayo-Kayo festival is a yearly religious and cultural state event held by the descendants of Oba Kosoko to commemorate King Kosoko's historic landing in Epe in 1851.[93][94] The Epe community of Lagos State is known for Kayo-Kayo, which literally means "eating to satisfaction." The festival is commemorated on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar, which is about a month after the Muslim celebration of Eid-El-Kabir, and is normally held in the first month of the Islamic calendar.[95][96][97]

Other Important festivals

Afan National Festival

Main article: Afan Festival
 
Sights of the Afan National Festival, 2020 edition: Afizere (Jarawa) dancers from Toro LGA, Bauchi State.

The Afan National Festival is annually held in the town of Kagoro in the southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria on the 1st of January at the Chief of Kagoro's palace field with many cultural displays by troops from within the township, its vicinity and across the Middle Belt of the country.[98] It is said to have been active for over 400 years.[99] The festival is always held as a celebration of the bravity and gallancy of a hunter named Katagwan who was said to be known for his great hunting skills and exploits.[100]

Argungu Fishing Festival

Main article: Argungu Fishing Festival

[101] The Argungu Fishing Festival is an annual four-day festival in the town of Argungu in the north-western Nigerian state of Kebbi. It began in the year 1934, as a mark of the end of the centuries-old hostility between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Kebbi Kingdom. The festival is held on the Sokoto river in February or March. Thousand of fishermen equipped only with nets compete to catch the largest fish. Other attractions include dance and music, sporting competitions and exhibits of arts and crafts. People from various parts of the world come to see or look at this festival.[5] The festival is believed to have started after the historic peace visit by the then 16th Sultan of Sokoto, Alhaji Hassan Dan Mu'azu. It is believed that the prayers of the Sultan during his visit after he was treated to a reception of a big fish made the argungu waters fertile and special which then lead to yearly commemoration of the Sultans visit.[102]

Ikeji Arondizuogu

Main article: Arondizuogu

Ikeji cultural festival of Arondizuogu in Imo State is a popular festival that brings the Igbo speaking community around the world together. Its origin dates back to over five centuries and it is acclaimed as the biggest pan-Igbo cultural community festival with strong heritage, international recognition and is witnessed by thousands of people on a yearly basis. It is arguably the biggest cultural festival in Igboland. In contemporary times, each passing year has witnessed an increase in grandeur, display, dance, sophistication and an all-inclusive participation of all Arondizuogu people and friends. The festival is marked with colourful display of different masquerades such as Ogionu, Mgbadike, Nwaaburuja and Ozoebune; prestigiously parading across the market square to the admiration of the public. The essence of the festival, which ranks among the best surviving traditional ceremonies of the Arondizuogu people, is to celebrate the harvest of the first yams. It serves to unify and foster ties among Aro people who are spread across the entire Igbo speaking states and part of Cross River state. It appeals to the entire Igbo speaking peoples both at home and in the Diaspora.[103]

Ikeji is a four-day festival of propitiation, thanksgiving and feasting which is held annually in March or April.[104] Reckoned with the Igbo calendar, these four days correspond to one Igbo week of four market days (Eke, Oye/Orie, Afo and Nkwo). Each of these days has a special significance and represents one of the several dimensions of Ikeji – a festival renowned for sumptuous feasting, fascinating masquerades, pulsating rhythms, and colourful performances. Traditional musical instruments used to accompany the masquerades are ekwe (wooden slit drum) of various sizes, ogene (metal gong), bells, maracas and oja (wooden flutes). The flutist is a very important element in the ikeji festival. He deftly communicates with the masquerades - weaving soulful melodies and blending esoteric messages into the intoxicating rhythm of the drums. Another interesting aspect of ikeji is the raconteur known as ima mbem - an imaginative tale delivered with a musical cadence that only the initiated can sometimes understand or comprehend. The importance of the flutist during Ikeji festival is very vital, for he communicates things hidden from the ordinary eyes to the masquerades, combined with soulful melodies, steps and gestures, “blending esoteric messages into the intoxicating rhythm of the drums” to the admiration of the crowd.

During Ikeji festival, on the last day, a ram is usually tied to a pole at a popular market square with a single thread. Somebody with the strongest protection from any juju of whatever type is expected to leisurely walk to the ram amids heavy attempt with juju from other people to knock him down, maim him or kill him. Only the brave can participate in, while the not so brave will either abstain from or remain with the crowd as spectators. Only the brave can stand forward from the crowd, one after another and approach the tree with a view to untying the ram. However, each contender will be attacked by forces which are beyond the scope of this article to explain, with a view to stopping him reaching the ram. If overwhelmed, he will beat a retreat back to his starting point. Until eventually, the bravest among the masquerades participating in the competition for that year's festival, after overcoming all odds, will reach the ram and untie it and take it, to a thunderous applause by the spectators. This will be followed by visits to his house by fellow kinsmen with food and wine for elevating the status of his village. Each year this is used to commemorate the person in Arondizuogu and neighbouring towns with the strongest juju or voodoo power.

Calabar Carnival

Main article: Calabar Carnival

The Calabar Carnival has been held in Calabar since 2006, including band competitions, a parade, food and dancing. It has been called Nigeria's biggest street party.[5] The carnival may have as many as 50,000 costumed participants and 2 million spectators, and is broadcast on television across the country. It is the culmination of the month-long Calabar festival.[105][106]

The Calabar Carnival holds at the end of the year in Nigeria, and in keeping with tradition, carnival teams march across the streets where they engage in colorful displays and competitions from which winners are selected and awarded. Participating teams usually rehearse for months in advance before the carnival date itself.[107][108]

Carniriv

Main article: Carniriv
 
Young Stunna performing at Carniriv Opening Ceremony.

The Carniriv (English: Car-nee-rev) is an annual festival, held in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.[109] The Carnival starts few weeks before Christmas, and lasts for seven days. During this time several ceremonial events are held, most of which hold some cultural and or sacred significance. The Port Harcourt Carnival bears a certain uniqueness as it combines two carnivals - a purely cultural carnival and a contemporary Caribbean style carnival- in one. This gives it an edge over all other regional and continental carnivals, and presents with the principal advantage which must be consummately exploited. The Government of Rivers State recognizes Carniriv as its biggest tourism export. With economic interests increasingly identifying tourism as a viable alternative to the fossil fuel economy–especially in these parts–the state government has exhibited its commitment to developing this carnival into a regionally unrivalled and globally reckoned tourist attraction.[110] Thus, it has always made available the necessary monetary backing needed for the event to hold every year, and has also worked hard through the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to see that it is held.[111]

Eyo festival

Main article: Eyo festival
 
An Eyo Iga Olowe Salaye masquerade jumping

The Eyo Festival is held in Lagos, Nigeria.[4] It is usually performed in Lagos Island. Eyo also refers to the masquerades that come out during the festival.[112] It is widely believed that Eyo is the forerunner of the modern day carnival in Brazil. No one is to wear hats during the festival[113]

Olojo Festival

Main article: olojo festival

The Olojo Festival is an ancient festival celebrated in Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. It is celebrated yearly. This festival is a well known festival in the Yoruba land, it was once described by Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi as a festival that celebrate the Black race all over the world.[114] The Yoruba word 'Olojo' means 'The Day Of The First Dawn' that describes the grateful heart of man towards God's creation and the existence of Human.[115] The Olojo Festival is a culture festival in the calendar of the Ile-Ife, Osun State which is located in the Southwestern part of Nigeria. It is the celebration of the remembrance of “Ogun”, god of Iron, who is believed to be the first son of Oduduwa, progenitor of the Yoruba people. The festival is held annually in October.[116][117]

Igbo New Yam festival

Main article: New Yam Festival of the Igbo

The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (Orureshi in the idoma area, Iwa ji, Iri ji or Ike ji, depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people held at the end of the rainy season in early August.[118][119]

Igogo Festival

Main article: Igogo festival
 
Portrait of Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi III, the incumbent Olowo of Owo during the 2013 Igogo festival

The Igogo Festival is an annual festival held in Ondo State, Nigeria.[120] It is a festival that usually lasts for seventeen days in which the Olowo of Owo and high chiefs of Owo Kingdom are dressed like women to celebrate and pay homage to Queen Oronsen a mythical wife of Olowo Rerengejen in appreciation for her protection.[121]

Nnewi Afiaolu Festival

Main article: Nnewi Afiaolu Festival

Afiaolu (New yam festival) is a traditional festivals held annually in Nnewi, Anambra State around August.[citation needed] The Afiaolu festival commences on “Eke” day with what is traditionally described as “IWAJI” (scaling of yam) and Ikpa Nku (the wood gathering), this heralds the availability of new yam as well as thanksgiving to God.[122] The festival includes a variety of entertainments including performance of ceremonial rites by the Igwe (king), cultural dance by girls and masquerade dance.

Omabe Festival

Main article: Omabe Festival

Omabe Festival is a special kind of festival that differs from most festivals that are celebrated annually, this Omabe festival is celebrated every five years interval. The festival is a treasure to the people of Imufu community, NSUKKA region, Ezike in Enugu state. The festival has been in existence for several centuries and meant a lot to the Imufu people as it also stand as an omen of purification and purging the community from evil. It is believed that the Masquerade bearer stands as the spiritual intermediate, and the masquerade when it comes out purges the community from evil both in human and spiritual because it is seen to appear with fire, the community has more than one masquerade, which some of them are: eshiwe, obele monwu, Oshagenyi, Eji, eshiwe, Mgbedike, mukwu monwu, Ajulaka, Agbe-Eji, Ajija, Agelle. The community is said to have about 600 masquerades. Females are not allow to come close to the masquerades as they are considered to possess mystical powers.[123][124]

Ofala Festival

Main article: Ofala Festival

The Ofala Festival also called Ofala Nnewi, is an annual ceremony practiced by the indegenes of Onitsha in Anambra State, South-East Nigeria.[125] The term ofala (English: authority of the land) is derived from two Igbo words - ofo (English: authority) and ala (English: land).[126] The festival which is described as the most important surviving traditional ceremony of Onitsha indigenes is celebrated within two days mostly in December and January in honour of the Obi (English: king).[126] Ofala festival can be traced back to 16th century, which mean 'Authority of the land' and is one of the most popular festival in igbos land.[127] The king(Obi) during the festival come out three times to address the people and to performed so ritual which is led by the chief priest. Some historians also believe the festival is associated to the New Yam Festival in Onitsha and devotion of the king to the safety of his people.[128]

Osun festival

Main Article: Osun festival

The Osun Festival is held at the end of the rainy season, usually in August, at the Oshogbo Sacred Forest. The week-long festival is held in honour of the river goddess Osun, an important Yoruba deity, and is attended by thousands of people. It includes ceremonies where priests seek protection for their local communities through gifts and sacrifices to the goddess.[5] The festival is believed to signify a traditional cleansing of the city of Oshogbo which is regarded as one of UNESCOs heritage sites by the Priest and the festival always witness a huge turn of spectators and individuals from all works of life who come together to perform the cleansing which is known as "Iwopopo" by the locals.[129][130]

Sango festival

Main article: Sango Festival

Sango Festival, also known as World Sango Festival is usually held in August at the palace of the Alaafin of Oyo.[131] The festival which is observed in over forty countries in the world is held in honor of Sango, the thunder and fire deity.[132]

The celebration of the Sango festival could be dated as far back as 1,000 years ago following the departure of Sango, a popular Yoruba Òrìşà who is widely regarded as the founding father of present-day Oyo State.[133]

The one week festival was renamed in 2013, and is usually held in August and it attracts over 20,000 attendees around the globe including Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean.[134]

Sharo / Shadi Festival

Main article: Sharo Festival

The Sharo or Shadi flogging competition is a traditional rite of passage for Jafun Fulani men.[135] The youths, escorted by girls, are led into the ring of spectators bare chested and armed with whips. As the noise of singing, drumming and cheering rises to a crescendo, each young man must stoically endure a flogging to demonstrate his manhood.[136] The young man only qualifies to marry if he passes the test, which is administered by another youth of about the same age and size. Most do pass, but carry scars from the ordeal for the rest of their life.[137] The sharo is generally staged at the time of the dry-season guinea corn harvest, and again during the festival of Id-el-kabir. Usually it lasts for a week and is held in a marketplace. There are other tyes of entertainment including dances, musical performances and tricksters, but the flogging ceremony is the main event.[138]

Yam Festivals

Main articles: Yam Festival and Leboku

Yam Festivals are popular holiday in Nigeria, usually held in the beginning of August at the end of the rainy season. It is named after yams, the most common food in many African countries. In Nigeria, dancers wear masks that reflect the seasons or other aspects of nature. People offer yams to gods and ancestors before distributing them to the villagers to give thanks to the spirits above them.[citation needed] Leboku is the name for the annual New Yam Festival celebrated in Ugep, Nigeria, one of the five settlements of Yakurr, to honor of the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the land.[139] The Iriji-Mmanwu festival is held in Enugu state in August. At the festival, over two thousand masqueraders from across Igboland and from other states in Nigeria dance and give acrobatic displays, wearing unique and colorful costumes. In the Igbo tradition, masquerades are thought to be reincarnated dead ancestors, with supernatural powers.[136]

Ogun Festival

Main article: Ogun Festival

Ogun Festival is an annual festival observed by the Yoruba people of Ondo State, Nigeria in honour of Ogun, a warrior and powerful spirit of metal work believed by the Yoruba to be the first god to arrive the earth.[140]

The preparation of this festival usually begins seventeen days before the day. The sighting of the new moon is announced by the chief priest through the use of the upe (local trumpet) for seven days. This sighting must take place before the beginning the festival.[141][142][143]

The festival reaches a frenzy during the last three days. The dog which is the main centre of the festival is slaughtered on the first of these days. Two people moving in opposite directions pull the dog towards themselves hence forcing it to a slow and painful death.[142][144]

Ito Ogbo Festival

Main article: Ito Ogbo festival

The Ito-Ogbo Obosi festival is an agelong festival that dates back to over four hundred years. It is particular to the people of Obosi Kingdom in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is particularly aimed at celebrating and thanking God for the octogenarians in the kingdom.[145]

During the ceremony which holds every three years, both male and female octogenarians are honored with special titles and inducted into the octogenarians age grade. The festival has helped to harness and develop the tourism potentials of the Obosi Kingdom as it has attracted people from all walks of life.[146]

Ariginya Festival

Main article: Ariginya festival

Ariginya Festival is a festival celebrated in one of the Ondo state town called Ikare Akoko. Depending on the dialect and mode of pronunciation, some call it Aringinya. This festival is said to be one of the foremost traditional festival celebrated in this town from inception. Ikare-Akoko is one of the town located in the southwest region of Nigeria, and in the Yoruba area.[147] The festival is one out of many festivals that is set to celebrate the virginity and chastity among female genders as the Yoruba land is known for her worth and high value pertaining to decency and purity.[148][149] The festival is such that helps to improve the mindset of dignity and purity as well as the value of a woman staying pure and reserved until the wedding and only to her husband. This has helped to improve the rate of decency in the town as young girls understands the price and the worth and that one of the greatest virtue of a woman is her virginity and a media to stand against sexual abuse.[150][149][148]

Tiger Street Food Festival

Main article: Tiger Street Food Festival

The Tiger Street Food Festival was developed out of the need to support the love of food, music, art and entrepreneurs in the street food business whilst celebrating the various flavours of the Tiger style through specially curated street food experiences over cold bottles  of Tiger beer.[151]

During the festival there is abundance of food provided by different food vendors. Also Top Nigerian artistes are invited to the festival to add entertainment to the atmosphere that is already filled with lots of street food and refreshments.[152] And the art displays during the festivals are usually street art such as graffiti art.[153][154]

Annang Festival of Arts and Culture

Main article: Annang Festival of Arts and Culture

The Annage Festival of Art and Culture began in 2016, usually celebrated by the Ikot Ekpene people of Akwa Ibom, a region located in South Southern Nigeria.[155] They first edition was sponsored by Annang Heritage Preservation Inc. (AHPI).[156] It is usually celebrated in the entire 8 local government area that make up Annang clan.[157]

The festival was initiated in 2016, in order to preserve the Anaañ history, language and culture. The festival aims at preventing the Annang tradition and its cultural heritage from undergoing extinction. It showcase and promote the rich natural endowments of Annang land in Akwa Ibom State. The 2019 edition of the Annang Festival of Arts and Culture was tagged: "Harnessing Annang Cultural Assets for Economic Gain".[158]

Imo Awka Festival

Main article: Imo Awka Festival

The Imo Awka Festival is a festival celebrated annually by the people of Awka kingdom in the month of May in order to venerate their gods.[159][160] They celebrate the festival in appreciation of the Imoka god, for her favours and to request for much better years ahead.[161] Imo-Oka shrine is symbolic and it is denoted by the special white-bellied monkey, widely respected and revered as the messengers of the shrine.[162][163]

The Imo Awka festival is an ancient cultural event that came from the worship of the greatest male god revered in Awka, known to be Imoka deity.[164] The Imo Awka festival is a two weeks events that commence with the females paying homage to Imoka, dancing the Opu Eke dance.[165]

Ovia-Osese Festival

Main article: Ovia-Osese Festival

The Ovia-Osese Festival is a yearly celebrated festival by the Ogori's. This town is located in the Ogori-Magongo local government area of Kogi state, Nigeria.[166] They share boundaries with Edo state and the Yoruba's. The town holds the Ovia-Osese festival annually to initiate young girls within 15 and above into adulthood or so called womanhood. This initiation is done for young girls who have maintained and kept themselves over the years who preserved their virginity. The rite is done so as to promote the quality of purity, sanctity, abstinence, and the untouched physical and emotional state of young girls and to promote self-restrain and sexual discipline among young adolescents.[167] This celebration intends to encourage the young girls to keep themselves from pre-marital affairs.[168] The Ogori's festival is internationally recognized as a rich cultural event.[169][170]

New Yam Festivals in Nigeria

Main article: New Yam Festivals in Nigeria

Yam is a staple food in the West Africa and other regions classified as a Tuber crop and it is a annual or perennial crop. It is known to have many species and with a general botanical name of the family of Dioscorea Species.[171][172] Yam is considered as one of the major or the most important crops in Nigeria from the olden days till date as it is grown in mostly all the states, and whoever in a community has a barn of Yam is listed among the wealthy sets of people in the community.[173] Yam is counted to be more than food and very well respected in Nigeria and one of the major food accepted as bride price when a man is seeking for a woman hand in marriage.[174] The festival is mostly celebrated among the Igbo people due to different spiritual ideology surrounding Yam from ancestors story passed on till today to them. New Yam Festival is celebrated annually since some or most of the common Yams are annual crops, though sometimes treated as perennial crops due to its life-cycle, the festival which hold yearly to celebrate the end and beginning of a new season.[175] Also, it is said to be a taboo to eat the new Yam before the celebration as it is a means of pleasing and appeal to the gods and spirit of harvest and god of the Earth and thanking them for bountiful harvest, this way the god is happy and will bring more good harvest in the new season.[176][177][175]

Cities/Towns that celebrate New Yam Festival

Igbo Community[178][179]

Okpe Kingdom[180]

Abuja City[181]

Ekinrin-Adde Community [182]Ekinrin-Adde Community

Egiland[183]

Ado Ekiti

Ikere Ekiti[184]

Ojude Oba Festival

Main article: Ojude Oba Festival

The Ojude Oba Festival is an ancient festival celebrated by the Muslim people of Ijebu Ode, a town in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. The festival which takes place annually is usually witnessed on the third day after Eid al-Kabir (Ileya), to pay homage and show respect to the Royal Majesty, the Awujale of Ijebuland. It is one of the most spiritual and glamorous festivals celebrated in Ijebuland and generally in Ogun State as a whole.[185][186]

It is a one-day festival where different cultural age groups known as regberegbe, indigenes, their friends, and associates far and near parades at the front of the king's palace on the third day of Eid al Kabir festival popularly referred to as "Ileya" in Yoruba language.[187][188] Oba Adetona was the one that brought back the age groups in the 18th century.[186]

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January 02, 2023
list, festivals, nigeria, festivals, nigeria, some, which, dates, back, period, before, arrival, major, religions, ethnically, culturally, diverse, society, christian, festivals, islam, festivals, often, celebrated, ways, that, unique, nigeria, unique, people,. Festivals in Nigeria some of which dates back to the period before the arrival of the major religions in her ethnically and culturally diverse society The christian festivals 1 2 and Islam festivals 3 are often celebrated in ways that are unique to Nigeria or unique to the people of a locality 4 The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation has been working with the states to bring more awareness and significance to the traditional festivals which may become important sources of tourism revenue 5 There are more than 365 festivals in Nigeria according to the Minister of Information and Culture Mr Lai Mohammed and government is working hard to harness these festivals as a way of showcasing and boosting the country s diverse cultures 6 7 Contents 1 List of festivals in Nigeria 1 1 Book festivals 1 2 Film festivals in Nigeria 1 3 Music festivals in Nigeria 1 4 Cultural festivals in Nigeria 1 5 Other 2 Book festivals 2 1 Port Harcourt Book Festival 17 2 2 Lagos Book and Art Festival LABAF 22 2 3 Kaduna Book And Art Festival KABAFEST 24 2 4 Ake Arts and Book Festival 28 2 5 Nigeria International Book Fair 3 Film festivals 3 1 Africa International Film Festival 34 3 2 Eko International Film Festival 37 3 3 Lights Camera Africa 4 Music festivals 4 1 Felabration 42 4 2 Lagos International Jazz Festival 47 4 3 Rhythm Unplugged 4 4 Nupe Cultural Day 4 5 Star Mega Jam 4 6 Gidi Culture Festival 4 7 Livespot X Festival 5 Christian festivals 6 Muslim festivals 6 1 Kayo Kayo Festival 7 Other Important festivals 7 1 Afan National Festival 7 2 Argungu Fishing Festival 7 3 Ikeji Arondizuogu 7 4 Calabar Carnival 7 5 Carniriv 7 6 Eyo festival 7 7 Olojo Festival 7 8 Igbo New Yam festival 7 9 Igogo Festival 7 10 Nnewi Afiaolu Festival 7 11 Omabe Festival 7 12 Ofala Festival 7 13 Osun festival 7 14 Sango festival 7 15 Sharo Shadi Festival 7 16 Yam Festivals 7 17 Ogun Festival 7 18 Ito Ogbo Festival 7 19 Ariginya Festival 7 20 Tiger Street Food Festival 7 21 Annang Festival of Arts and Culture 7 22 Imo Awka Festival 7 23 Ovia Osese Festival 7 24 New Yam Festivals in Nigeria 8 Cities Towns that celebrate New Yam Festival 8 1 Ojude Oba Festival 9 ReferencesList of festivals in Nigeria Edit Adekunle Gold Performing at Felabration Book festivals Edit Port Harcourt Book Festival 8 Lagos Book and Art Festival LABAF 9 Kaduna Book And Art Festival KABAFEST 10 Ake Arts and Book Festival 11 Nigeria International Book Fair NIBF 12 Film festivals in Nigeria Edit See also Category Film festivals in Nigeria Abuja International Film Festival 13 Africa International Film Festival film 14 Eko International Film Festival film 15 Kaduna International Film Festival film African Smartphone International Film Festival film 16 Lights Camera Africa Music festivals in Nigeria Edit See also Category Music festivals in Nigeria Baraa Ma Jalam Festival Calabar Carnival Carniriv Felabration Gidi Culture Festival Kamti Festival Star Mega Jam Nupe Day Festival Rhythm Unplugged Lagos International Jazz Festival LIJF Livespot X FestivalCultural festivals in Nigeria Edit See also Category Cultural festivals in Nigeria Omabe Festival Afan National Festival The Afro Street Festival Njuwa Fishing Festival Nwonyo Fishing Festival Ikeji Arondizuogu Festival Agila Social and Economic Carnival Akata Benue Fishing Festival Annang Festival of Art and Culture Argungu Fishing Festival Ovia Osese Festival Ayet Atyap annual cultural festival Ariginya Festival Badagry Festival Bala Baraa ma Jalam cultural festival Bauchi State Festival of Arts and Culture Carniriv Durbar festival Osun Osogbo Eyo festival FESTAC 77 Golibe Festival Kaiama Gani Festival Gidi Culture Festival Igogo Festival Igue Festival Imo Carnival Sharo Festival Imo Awka festival Ikeji Arondizuogu ijakadi Festival common to the people of offa town Iromo Festival in Igede Ekiti Lagos Black Heritage Festival Leboku Nupe Day Festival Kayo Kayo Festival Ofala Festival Ogwashi Ukwu Carnival Ojude Oba festival Olojo Festival Oro Festival Lagos Carnival Unyeada fishing festival Osori Osos Oronna Festival Sango Festival Songs of Nigeria Festival SONIFES Yam Festival New Yam Festivals in Nigeria Ocho Festival Ogani Festival Common to the Igala people of Kogi state specifically those from Ankpa axis Ito Ogbo festival Mmanwu Festival Ijele FestivalOther Edit Lagos Games Festival LGF Lagos Photo Festival Mr Hobby Appreciation Festival Potiskum Writers Association Schools Festival POWASFEST Tiger Street Food FestivalBook festivals EditPort Harcourt Book Festival 17 Edit Main article Port Harcourt Book Festival The Port Harcourt Book Festival is an annual literary event in Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria organized by the Rainbow Book Club and endorsed by the Rivers State Government since 2008 The Garden City Literary Festival which is currently known as the Port Harcourt Book Festival was founded by Governor Amaechi of Rivers State 18 Hundreds of literary fans flock to the Garden City every year for this six day event which includes a book fair writers workshops and a variety of other activities In the past the Festival has been attended by recognized authors and has hosted a number of celebrities 19 20 The festival began as the brainchild of Koko Kalango who thought it up as a means to propel tourism numbers and heighten literacy awareness in the city of Port Harcourt and its neighboring areas Originally scheduled for 8 September each year to coincide with United Nations International Literacy Day the festival has continued to expand and has been highly rated since its debut 21 Lagos Book and Art Festival LABAF 22 Edit Main article Lagos Book and Art Festival The Lagos Book and Art Festival LABAF is an annual arts festival founded in 1999 by the Committee for Relevant Art CORA a Nigerian based cultural organisation LABAF features a number of different activities including pre festival activities like book treks and other major festival activities including musical performances book readings film screenings a publishers forum book and art exhibitions panel discussions colloquiums symposiums book presentations cultural exhibitions book reviews a green festival and more events The festival also enables the participation of students of primary and secondary schools and universities in Nigeria by introducing competition and mentoring opportunities for them The festival also selects different books yearly that are featured as Books of the Festival and form part of the festival s discourse for that year 23 Kaduna Book And Art Festival KABAFEST 24 Edit Main article Kaduna Book and Arts Festival Kaduna Book and Arts Festival also known as KABAFEST is an annual literary cultural and art event in Kaduna State Nigeria that took place for the first time in July 2017 25 It was organized by Book Buzz Foundation who also organizes the annual Ake Arts and Book Festival in collaboration with the Kaduna State Government and the Gusau Institute It was also the first book festival that occurs annually in northern Nigeria 26 There is a perception about Northern Nigeria as a place that is too conservative for books and literature KABAFEST was conceived an initiative of the Kaduna State Government as a way to address that misconception Of that founding Lola Shoneyin of Book Buzz says through the festival she aim to create new and exciting opportunities for social and cultural interaction the celebration and promotion of creatives in the Northern region of Nigeria and foster tolerance and understanding through dialogues about books culture the arts and society 26 27 Ake Arts and Book Festival 28 Edit Main article Ake Arts and Book Festival The Ake Arts and Book Festival is an annual literary cultural and arts event that was founded in 2013 by the Nigerian writer Lola Shoneyin taking place in Abeokuta Nigeria Although it has featured new and established writers from across the world its focus has been to promote develop and celebrate creativity on the African continent in diverse genres In 2018 the festival was held for the first time in Lagos from 24 October to 27 October with the theme being Fantastical Futures The Ake Arts and Book Festival has been described as the African continent s biggest annual gathering of literary writers editors critics and readers Shoneyin started the festival because according to her she wanted a place where intellectuals and thinkers can come together and talk about African issues on African soil The festival is named after Ake a town in Abeokuta Ogun State where Africa s first Nobel Laureate in Literature Wole Soyinka was born in 1934 29 Nigeria International Book Fair Edit Main article Nigeria International Book Fair The Nigeria International Book Fair NIBF is an annual cultural event in the republic of Nigeria It is known to be the most attended book fair in the whole of Africa being the only international book fair in Nigeria and the second largest international book fair in Africa NIBF brings together book enthusiasts such as writers and poet that are generally involved in the creation of print audio and digital books all over the country at her annual fair 30 The main aim of the festival is to promote and improve the reading culture among Nigerians and Africans as a whole Every second week of May annually the NIBF hosts publishers booksellers illustrators authors exhibitors and readers who displays and sell their books at discounted prices 31 The Nigeria International Book Fair was inaugurated in 2001 The chairman of the event is also known to be the chairman of Nigerian Book Fair Trust who currently is Gbadega Adedapo 32 33 Film festivals EditAfrica International Film Festival 34 Edit Main article Africa International Film Festival The Africa International Film Festival AFRIFF is an annual film festival that takes place in Nigeria It was founded in 2010 with its Inaugural edition in Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria AFRIFF was founded by Chioma Ude a passionate film buff and entrepreneur The event normally spans through a week and it includes award shows and film training classes Keith Shiri the founder director of Africa at the Pictures is the artistic director of the festival AFRIFF gives out honors in categories such Feature Documentary Short Animation and Students Short as well as awards and prizes for Directing Acting and Screenplay There are additional special awards for Audience Choice and an Outstanding Film Jury Award 35 36 Eko International Film Festival 37 Edit Main article Eko International Film Festival The annual Eko International Film Festival EKOIFF is an international film festival held in Lagos Nigeria The Eko International Film Festival was founded and established in 2009 by Hope Obioma Opara 38 the CEO of Supple Communications Limited under which the festival is held He is also the publisher of Supple magazine an African cinema and culture journal that features film previews reviews and interviews The purpose of the Eko International Film Festival is to develop tourism in Nigeria by promoting appreciation of the arts and culture through the motion picture arts and sciences 39 Lights Camera Africa Edit Main article Lights Camera Africa Lights Camera Africa is a film festival which has been held annually in Lagos since 2011 The festival was established by Ugoma Adegoke Hosted by The Life House the inaugural Lights Camera Africa was supported by New York s African Film Festival Inc and ran for three days from 30 September 2 October 2011 40 41 Music festivals EditFelabration 42 Edit Main article Felabration Felabration is an annual music festival conceived in 1998 by Yeni Anikulapo Kuti in memory and celebration of her father Fela Kuti a Nigerian musician and human rights activist known for pioneering the afrobeat genre of music 43 The one week long event which is held annually at the New Afrika Shrine in Ikeja attracts visitors from different countries and has thus been considered as an official tourist destination by the Lagos State Government 44 Felabration is held on the week of Fela Kuti birthday The event features musical performances from top music acts from Nigeria and guest appearances from internationally acclaimed musicians and personalities 45 It also consists of street parades symposia on social and topical issues debates and photo exhibitions 46 The festival had legendary performances from Star acts like Third World an international reggae group 2face Femi Kuti Ice Prince and a surprise performance by Majek Fashek 45 Lagos International Jazz Festival 47 Edit Main article Lagos International Jazz Festival The Lagos International Jazz Festival LIJF also known as Lagos Jazz Fest is an annual celebration of jazz music and culture that was founded by Ayoola Shadare of Inspiro Productions and takes place in Lagos 48 49 This music festival is three days event The 2016 edition was divided into a two day standard edition which was held at the Freedom Park Lagos and then a 0ne day luxury edition which took place at The Bay Lounge Waterfront 50 51 Rhythm Unplugged Edit Main article Rhythm Unplugged Rhythm Unplugged is a music concert in West Africa 52 CEO of the Flytime Group Cecil Hammond organised the first concert in 2004 53 The annual concert is organised by Flytime Promotions a subsidiary of the Flytime Group The 2011 Lagos edition of Rhythm Unplugged unveiled artists including Wizkid Olamide Davido Tiwa Savage and Seyi Shay 54 Rhythm Unplugged concerts featured dialoguing co hosts notably co hosts Julius Agwu and Okey Bakassi who hosted several Flytime Promotions events in the early years Rhythm Unplugged also pioneered the extensive artist line up for single concert events in Nigeria 55 Rhythm Unplugged was first organised by Cecil Hammond in 2004 via his company Flytime Promotions The entertainment event was designed to promote Nigerian musicians and comedians at a time when the Nigerian music industry was just gaining recognition on the international music scene 56 57 Nupe Cultural Day Edit Main article Nupe Cultural Day The Nupe Day Celebration is a traditional and cultural event or celebration observed in Nigeria on the 26th of June The event is ordinarily celebrated by the Nupe community yearly in the country The Nupe day event is a traditional and festival celebration which marks the day when the British Army was defeated by a native African Army on the 26 June 1896 when the British Protectorate in Lokoja approached the Bida Military camp at Ogidi of present Kogi State which bring the resulting of the defeated of British Constabulary and the Union Jack was seized by the Nupe Cavalry The annual celebration was the founding idea of the Nupe elders through the tribes Unlike the Durbar festival and the Pategi Ragatta boating festival which is also among Nupe event and Northern Nigeria traditional event 58 Star Mega Jam Edit Main article Star Mega Jam The Star Mega Jam was a series of music concerts in Nigeria held annually from 2000 to 2010 Each year it was held in Lagos and Abuja Acts that played included Awilo Logomba Shaggy Usher Koffi Olumide 50 Cent Ja Rule and Kevin Lyttle LL Cool J and Akon Kanye West T Pain Nelly Nas Busta Rhymes and Ludacris 59 Thus festival however was stopped in 2011 with the organisers stating that it was due to logistical challenges 60 Gidi Culture Festival Edit Main article Gidi Culture Festival The Gidi Culture Festival often dubbed Coachella in Lagos is an annual one day music and arts festival that takes place in Lagos Nigeria Co founded by Chinedu Okeke and Oriteme Banigo it was created in response to a demand from the local youth culture for live affordable and accessible entertainment in Africa The festival provides a venue for live bands DJs and musical acts to perform It also features outdoor activities local vendors and artisans The main show features a line up of African acts from numerous countries including Nigeria Ghana South Africa Congo Kenya and the United Kingdom The goal of the festival is to encourage the development of African talent and promote artists both within the continent and into overseas markets 61 62 Livespot X Festival Edit Main article Livespot X Festival Livespot X Festival is an annual music concert that launched in 2019 with its maiden edition in Lagos Nigeria and Accra Ghana The concert is organized by Livespot 360 ownwed by Deola Art Alade 63 The 2019 edition of Livespot X Festival unveiled artists including Cardi B 64 Teni Burna boy Tiwa Savage Seyi Shay Joeboy Ice Prince DJ Cuppy Reekado Banks and Patoranking 65 which was held in Lagos and Ghana Livespot X Festival featured a fusion of incredible live performances music impressive lighting special acts and immersive experiences all rolled into one high octane event 66 Christian festivals EditChristians account for about 50 of the Nigerian population living throughout the country but predominantly in the south 67 The main Christian festivals are Christmas and Easter 68 69 The way in which these holidays are celebrated often incorporates traditions from earlier religions 4 Christmas is held on 25 December each year to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ 70 It is a public holiday in Nigeria 71 In Igboland in addition to a church service and distribution of gifts the festivities may include Mmo masquerade dancing where men in their twenties or thirties dress in colorful costumes and wear masks These masquerades which pre date the introduction of Christianity honor the ancestral spirits 72 In some areas palm branches are hung inside and outside the houses signs of peace and symbols of Christmas 73 Easter is held to commemorate the crucification of Jesus Christ on Good Friday and to celebrate his resurrection three days later on Easter Sunday It is a public holiday in Nigeria 71 Easter usually occurs in April 74 Easter Sunday is a joyful occasion celebrated with feasting dancing drumming and sometimes with public masquerades and dancers 75 Majorly a fasting exercise comes ahead of the Easter celebration which is known as the Lent 76 Although it is not been practice by all denomination s i e only some denomination gives full regard to it Christmas and Easter may be times of heightened tension between Christians and Muslims in some areas On Christmas Eve in 2010 at least 38 people were killed including shoppers and church attendees Members of the extreme Islamist sect Boko Haram were blamed for several incidents 77 Some reports placed the death toll as high as 80 78 In 2011 Easter occurred just after elections in which Goodluck Jonathan a southerner and Christian had been elected president Churches were burned in some parts of northern Nigeria and some Christians were killed in post election violence 79 80 Muslim festivals EditAbout half of the population of Nigeria adhere to the Muslim religion with Muslims living throughout the country but particularly in the north 39 are Muslims 50 are Christians and 11 percent are other practiced religions 81 There are two main Muslim festivals Eid Al Fitri and Eid Al Kabir all national public holidays 82 71 The different ethnic groups in different locations have the same way for celebrating these festivals 4 The three day festival of Eid Al Fitri celebrates the end of the holy month of Ramadan a period of fasting from dawn to dusk each day The festival is a time to give charity to the poor and to celebrate the completion of Ramadan with family and friends 83 Bida Emirate durbar festival 2001 Eid al Kabir known as Eid al Adha elsewhere or Festival of Sacrifice is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Abraham ʾIbrahim to sacrifice his son Ishmael Isma il as an act of obedience to God before God intervened to provide him with a ram to sacrifice instead A ram goat sheep cow or camel is sacrificed with the family eating part of the animal and donating the rest to the poor The festival is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhu al Hijjah the last month in the Islamic calendar 84 85 Durbar festivals are celebrated at the culmination of Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha 86 Durbars have been held for hundreds of years in the northern states notably the Daura Emirate and gave an opportunity for conscripts to the army to display their skills as horsemen In modern times durbars are held in honor of visiting heads of state They include a parade shows and competitions The horsemen are dressed in vividly colored costumes with period weapons and are accompanied by a drum corps and musicians 5 Modern Durbar festivals include prayers at the start of the day followed by parades in town squares or in front of the local emir s palace Horsemanship is still the main focus Each group must gallop at full tilt past the Emir then halt and salute him with raised swords 87 Durbar festivals are being developed as important tourist attractions 88 Due to the presence of COVID 19 in most parts of the country some northern states decided to put off the durbar celebrations to curtail the spread of the virus since the celebrations always attract a number of guests and spectators with little or no adherence to COVID 19 safety protocols 89 90 91 92 Kayo Kayo Festival Edit Main article Kayo Kayo Festival The Kayo Kayo festival is a yearly religious and cultural state event held by the descendants of Oba Kosoko to commemorate King Kosoko s historic landing in Epe in 1851 93 94 The Epe community of Lagos State is known for Kayo Kayo which literally means eating to satisfaction The festival is commemorated on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar which is about a month after the Muslim celebration of Eid El Kabir and is normally held in the first month of the Islamic calendar 95 96 97 Other Important festivals EditAfan National Festival Edit Main article Afan Festival Sights of the Afan National Festival 2020 edition Afizere Jarawa dancers from Toro LGA Bauchi State The Afan National Festival is annually held in the town of Kagoro in the southern part of Kaduna State Nigeria on the 1st of January at the Chief of Kagoro s palace field with many cultural displays by troops from within the township its vicinity and across the Middle Belt of the country 98 It is said to have been active for over 400 years 99 The festival is always held as a celebration of the bravity and gallancy of a hunter named Katagwan who was said to be known for his great hunting skills and exploits 100 Argungu Fishing Festival Edit Main article Argungu Fishing Festival 101 The Argungu Fishing Festival is an annual four day festival in the town of Argungu in the north western Nigerian state of Kebbi It began in the year 1934 as a mark of the end of the centuries old hostility between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Kebbi Kingdom The festival is held on the Sokoto river in February or March Thousand of fishermen equipped only with nets compete to catch the largest fish Other attractions include dance and music sporting competitions and exhibits of arts and crafts People from various parts of the world come to see or look at this festival 5 The festival is believed to have started after the historic peace visit by the then 16th Sultan of Sokoto Alhaji Hassan Dan Mu azu It is believed that the prayers of the Sultan during his visit after he was treated to a reception of a big fish made the argungu waters fertile and special which then lead to yearly commemoration of the Sultans visit 102 Ikeji Arondizuogu Edit Main article Arondizuogu Ikeji cultural festival of Arondizuogu in Imo State is a popular festival that brings the Igbo speaking community around the world together Its origin dates back to over five centuries and it is acclaimed as the biggest pan Igbo cultural community festival with strong heritage international recognition and is witnessed by thousands of people on a yearly basis It is arguably the biggest cultural festival in Igboland In contemporary times each passing year has witnessed an increase in grandeur display dance sophistication and an all inclusive participation of all Arondizuogu people and friends The festival is marked with colourful display of different masquerades such as Ogionu Mgbadike Nwaaburuja and Ozoebune prestigiously parading across the market square to the admiration of the public The essence of the festival which ranks among the best surviving traditional ceremonies of the Arondizuogu people is to celebrate the harvest of the first yams It serves to unify and foster ties among Aro people who are spread across the entire Igbo speaking states and part of Cross River state It appeals to the entire Igbo speaking peoples both at home and in the Diaspora 103 Ikeji is a four day festival of propitiation thanksgiving and feasting which is held annually in March or April 104 Reckoned with the Igbo calendar these four days correspond to one Igbo week of four market days Eke Oye Orie Afo and Nkwo Each of these days has a special significance and represents one of the several dimensions of Ikeji a festival renowned for sumptuous feasting fascinating masquerades pulsating rhythms and colourful performances Traditional musical instruments used to accompany the masquerades are ekwe wooden slit drum of various sizes ogene metal gong bells maracas and oja wooden flutes The flutist is a very important element in the ikeji festival He deftly communicates with the masquerades weaving soulful melodies and blending esoteric messages into the intoxicating rhythm of the drums Another interesting aspect of ikeji is the raconteur known as ima mbem an imaginative tale delivered with a musical cadence that only the initiated can sometimes understand or comprehend The importance of the flutist during Ikeji festival is very vital for he communicates things hidden from the ordinary eyes to the masquerades combined with soulful melodies steps and gestures blending esoteric messages into the intoxicating rhythm of the drums to the admiration of the crowd During Ikeji festival on the last day a ram is usually tied to a pole at a popular market square with a single thread Somebody with the strongest protection from any juju of whatever type is expected to leisurely walk to the ram amids heavy attempt with juju from other people to knock him down maim him or kill him Only the brave can participate in while the not so brave will either abstain from or remain with the crowd as spectators Only the brave can stand forward from the crowd one after another and approach the tree with a view to untying the ram However each contender will be attacked by forces which are beyond the scope of this article to explain with a view to stopping him reaching the ram If overwhelmed he will beat a retreat back to his starting point Until eventually the bravest among the masquerades participating in the competition for that year s festival after overcoming all odds will reach the ram and untie it and take it to a thunderous applause by the spectators This will be followed by visits to his house by fellow kinsmen with food and wine for elevating the status of his village Each year this is used to commemorate the person in Arondizuogu and neighbouring towns with the strongest juju or voodoo power Calabar Carnival Edit Main article Calabar Carnival The Calabar Carnival has been held in Calabar since 2006 including band competitions a parade food and dancing It has been called Nigeria s biggest street party 5 The carnival may have as many as 50 000 costumed participants and 2 million spectators and is broadcast on television across the country It is the culmination of the month long Calabar festival 105 106 The Calabar Carnival holds at the end of the year in Nigeria and in keeping with tradition carnival teams march across the streets where they engage in colorful displays and competitions from which winners are selected and awarded Participating teams usually rehearse for months in advance before the carnival date itself 107 108 Carniriv Edit Main article Carniriv Young Stunna performing at Carniriv Opening Ceremony The Carniriv English Car nee rev is an annual festival held in Port Harcourt Nigeria 109 The Carnival starts few weeks before Christmas and lasts for seven days During this time several ceremonial events are held most of which hold some cultural and or sacred significance The Port Harcourt Carnival bears a certain uniqueness as it combines two carnivals a purely cultural carnival and a contemporary Caribbean style carnival in one This gives it an edge over all other regional and continental carnivals and presents with the principal advantage which must be consummately exploited The Government of Rivers State recognizes Carniriv as its biggest tourism export With economic interests increasingly identifying tourism as a viable alternative to the fossil fuel economy especially in these parts the state government has exhibited its commitment to developing this carnival into a regionally unrivalled and globally reckoned tourist attraction 110 Thus it has always made available the necessary monetary backing needed for the event to hold every year and has also worked hard through the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to see that it is held 111 Eyo festival Edit Main article Eyo festival An Eyo Iga Olowe Salaye masquerade jumping The Eyo Festival is held in Lagos Nigeria 4 It is usually performed in Lagos Island Eyo also refers to the masquerades that come out during the festival 112 It is widely believed that Eyo is the forerunner of the modern day carnival in Brazil No one is to wear hats during the festival 113 Olojo Festival Edit Main article olojo festival The Olojo Festival is an ancient festival celebrated in Ife Osun State Nigeria It is celebrated yearly This festival is a well known festival in the Yoruba land it was once described by Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi as a festival that celebrate the Black race all over the world 114 The Yoruba word Olojo means The Day Of The First Dawn that describes the grateful heart of man towards God s creation and the existence of Human 115 The Olojo Festival is a culture festival in the calendar of the Ile Ife Osun State which is located in the Southwestern part of Nigeria It is the celebration of the remembrance of Ogun god of Iron who is believed to be the first son of Oduduwa progenitor of the Yoruba people The festival is held annually in October 116 117 Igbo New Yam festival Edit Main article New Yam Festival of the Igbo The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people Orureshi in the idoma area Iwa ji Iri ji or Ike ji depending on dialect is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people held at the end of the rainy season in early August 118 119 Igogo Festival Edit Main article Igogo festival Portrait of Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi III the incumbent Olowo of Owo during the 2013 Igogo festival The Igogo Festival is an annual festival held in Ondo State Nigeria 120 It is a festival that usually lasts for seventeen days in which the Olowo of Owo and high chiefs of Owo Kingdom are dressed like women to celebrate and pay homage to Queen Oronsen a mythical wife of Olowo Rerengejen in appreciation for her protection 121 Nnewi Afiaolu Festival Edit Main article Nnewi Afiaolu Festival Afiaolu New yam festival is a traditional festivals held annually in Nnewi Anambra State around August citation needed The Afiaolu festival commences on Eke day with what is traditionally described as IWAJI scaling of yam and Ikpa Nku the wood gathering this heralds the availability of new yam as well as thanksgiving to God 122 The festival includes a variety of entertainments including performance of ceremonial rites by the Igwe king cultural dance by girls and masquerade dance Omabe Festival Edit Main article Omabe Festival Omabe Festival is a special kind of festival that differs from most festivals that are celebrated annually this Omabe festival is celebrated every five years interval The festival is a treasure to the people of Imufu community NSUKKA region Ezike in Enugu state The festival has been in existence for several centuries and meant a lot to the Imufu people as it also stand as an omen of purification and purging the community from evil It is believed that the Masquerade bearer stands as the spiritual intermediate and the masquerade when it comes out purges the community from evil both in human and spiritual because it is seen to appear with fire the community has more than one masquerade which some of them are eshiwe obele monwu Oshagenyi Eji eshiwe Mgbedike mukwu monwu Ajulaka Agbe Eji Ajija Agelle The community is said to have about 600 masquerades Females are not allow to come close to the masquerades as they are considered to possess mystical powers 123 124 Ofala Festival Edit Main article Ofala Festival The Ofala Festival also called Ofala Nnewi is an annual ceremony practiced by the indegenes of Onitsha in Anambra State South East Nigeria 125 The term ofala English authority of the land is derived from two Igbo words ofo English authority and ala English land 126 The festival which is described as the most important surviving traditional ceremony of Onitsha indigenes is celebrated within two days mostly in December and January in honour of the Obi English king 126 Ofala festival can be traced back to 16th century which mean Authority of the land and is one of the most popular festival in igbos land 127 The king Obi during the festival come out three times to address the people and to performed so ritual which is led by the chief priest Some historians also believe the festival is associated to the New Yam Festival in Onitsha and devotion of the king to the safety of his people 128 Osun festival Edit Main Article Osun festivalThe Osun Festival is held at the end of the rainy season usually in August at the Oshogbo Sacred Forest The week long festival is held in honour of the river goddess Osun an important Yoruba deity and is attended by thousands of people It includes ceremonies where priests seek protection for their local communities through gifts and sacrifices to the goddess 5 The festival is believed to signify a traditional cleansing of the city of Oshogbo which is regarded as one of UNESCOs heritage sites by the Priest and the festival always witness a huge turn of spectators and individuals from all works of life who come together to perform the cleansing which is known as Iwopopo by the locals 129 130 Sango festival Edit Main article Sango Festival Sango Festival also known as World Sango Festival is usually held in August at the palace of the Alaafin of Oyo 131 The festival which is observed in over forty countries in the world is held in honor of Sango the thunder and fire deity 132 The celebration of the Sango festival could be dated as far back as 1 000 years ago following the departure of Sango a popular Yoruba Orisa who is widely regarded as the founding father of present day Oyo State 133 The one week festival was renamed in 2013 and is usually held in August and it attracts over 20 000 attendees around the globe including Brazil Cuba Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean 134 Sharo Shadi Festival Edit Main article Sharo Festival The Sharo or Shadi flogging competition is a traditional rite of passage for Jafun Fulani men 135 The youths escorted by girls are led into the ring of spectators bare chested and armed with whips As the noise of singing drumming and cheering rises to a crescendo each young man must stoically endure a flogging to demonstrate his manhood 136 The young man only qualifies to marry if he passes the test which is administered by another youth of about the same age and size Most do pass but carry scars from the ordeal for the rest of their life 137 The sharo is generally staged at the time of the dry season guinea corn harvest and again during the festival of Id el kabir Usually it lasts for a week and is held in a marketplace There are other tyes of entertainment including dances musical performances and tricksters but the flogging ceremony is the main event 138 Yam Festivals Edit Main articles Yam Festival and Leboku Yam Festivals are popular holiday in Nigeria usually held in the beginning of August at the end of the rainy season It is named after yams the most common food in many African countries In Nigeria dancers wear masks that reflect the seasons or other aspects of nature People offer yams to gods and ancestors before distributing them to the villagers to give thanks to the spirits above them citation needed Leboku is the name for the annual New Yam Festival celebrated in Ugep Nigeria one of the five settlements of Yakurr to honor of the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the land 139 The Iriji Mmanwu festival is held in Enugu state in August At the festival over two thousand masqueraders from across Igboland and from other states in Nigeria dance and give acrobatic displays wearing unique and colorful costumes In the Igbo tradition masquerades are thought to be reincarnated dead ancestors with supernatural powers 136 Ogun Festival Edit Main article Ogun Festival Ogun Festival is an annual festival observed by the Yoruba people of Ondo State Nigeria in honour of Ogun a warrior and powerful spirit of metal work believed by the Yoruba to be the first god to arrive the earth 140 The preparation of this festival usually begins seventeen days before the day The sighting of the new moon is announced by the chief priest through the use of the upe local trumpet for seven days This sighting must take place before the beginning the festival 141 142 143 The festival reaches a frenzy during the last three days The dog which is the main centre of the festival is slaughtered on the first of these days Two people moving in opposite directions pull the dog towards themselves hence forcing it to a slow and painful death 142 144 Ito Ogbo Festival Edit Main article Ito Ogbo festival The Ito Ogbo Obosi festival is an agelong festival that dates back to over four hundred years It is particular to the people of Obosi Kingdom in Anambra state Nigeria It is particularly aimed at celebrating and thanking God for the octogenarians in the kingdom 145 During the ceremony which holds every three years both male and female octogenarians are honored with special titles and inducted into the octogenarians age grade The festival has helped to harness and develop the tourism potentials of the Obosi Kingdom as it has attracted people from all walks of life 146 Ariginya Festival Edit Main article Ariginya festival Ariginya Festival is a festival celebrated in one of the Ondo state town called Ikare Akoko Depending on the dialect and mode of pronunciation some call it Aringinya This festival is said to be one of the foremost traditional festival celebrated in this town from inception Ikare Akoko is one of the town located in the southwest region of Nigeria and in the Yoruba area 147 The festival is one out of many festivals that is set to celebrate the virginity and chastity among female genders as the Yoruba land is known for her worth and high value pertaining to decency and purity 148 149 The festival is such that helps to improve the mindset of dignity and purity as well as the value of a woman staying pure and reserved until the wedding and only to her husband This has helped to improve the rate of decency in the town as young girls understands the price and the worth and that one of the greatest virtue of a woman is her virginity and a media to stand against sexual abuse 150 149 148 Tiger Street Food Festival Edit Main article Tiger Street Food Festival The Tiger Street Food Festival was developed out of the need to support the love of food music art and entrepreneurs in the street food business whilst celebrating the various flavours of the Tiger style through specially curated street food experiences over cold bottles of Tiger beer 151 During the festival there is abundance of food provided by different food vendors Also Top Nigerian artistes are invited to the festival to add entertainment to the atmosphere that is already filled with lots of street food and refreshments 152 And the art displays during the festivals are usually street art such as graffiti art 153 154 Annang Festival of Arts and Culture Edit Main article Annang Festival of Arts and Culture The Annage Festival of Art and Culture began in 2016 usually celebrated by the Ikot Ekpene people of Akwa Ibom a region located in South Southern Nigeria 155 They first edition was sponsored by Annang Heritage Preservation Inc AHPI 156 It is usually celebrated in the entire 8 local government area that make up Annang clan 157 The festival was initiated in 2016 in order to preserve the Anaan history language and culture The festival aims at preventing the Annang tradition and its cultural heritage from undergoing extinction It showcase and promote the rich natural endowments of Annang land in Akwa Ibom State The 2019 edition of the Annang Festival of Arts and Culture was tagged Harnessing Annang Cultural Assets for Economic Gain 158 Imo Awka Festival Edit Main article Imo Awka Festival The Imo Awka Festival is a festival celebrated annually by the people of Awka kingdom in the month of May in order to venerate their gods 159 160 They celebrate the festival in appreciation of the Imoka god for her favours and to request for much better years ahead 161 Imo Oka shrine is symbolic and it is denoted by the special white bellied monkey widely respected and revered as the messengers of the shrine 162 163 The Imo Awka festival is an ancient cultural event that came from the worship of the greatest male god revered in Awka known to be Imoka deity 164 The Imo Awka festival is a two weeks events that commence with the females paying homage to Imoka dancing the Opu Eke dance 165 Ovia Osese Festival Edit Main article Ovia Osese Festival The Ovia Osese Festival is a yearly celebrated festival by the Ogori s This town is located in the Ogori Magongo local government area of Kogi state Nigeria 166 They share boundaries with Edo state and the Yoruba s The town holds the Ovia Osese festival annually to initiate young girls within 15 and above into adulthood or so called womanhood This initiation is done for young girls who have maintained and kept themselves over the years who preserved their virginity The rite is done so as to promote the quality of purity sanctity abstinence and the untouched physical and emotional state of young girls and to promote self restrain and sexual discipline among young adolescents 167 This celebration intends to encourage the young girls to keep themselves from pre marital affairs 168 The Ogori s festival is internationally recognized as a rich cultural event 169 170 New Yam Festivals in Nigeria Edit Main article New Yam Festivals in Nigeria Yam is a staple food in the West Africa and other regions classified as a Tuber crop and it is a annual or perennial crop It is known to have many species and with a general botanical name of the family of Dioscorea Species 171 172 Yam is considered as one of the major or the most important crops in Nigeria from the olden days till date as it is grown in mostly all the states and whoever in a community has a barn of Yam is listed among the wealthy sets of people in the community 173 Yam is counted to be more than food and very well respected in Nigeria and one of the major food accepted as bride price when a man is seeking for a woman hand in marriage 174 The festival is mostly celebrated among the Igbo people due to different spiritual ideology surrounding Yam from ancestors story passed on till today to them New Yam Festival is celebrated annually since some or most of the common Yams are annual crops though sometimes treated as perennial crops due to its life cycle the festival which hold yearly to celebrate the end and beginning of a new season 175 Also it is said to be a taboo to eat the new Yam before the celebration as it is a means of pleasing and appeal to the gods and spirit of harvest and god of the Earth and thanking them for bountiful harvest this way the god is happy and will bring more good harvest in the new season 176 177 175 Cities Towns that celebrate New Yam Festival EditIgbo Community 178 179 Okpe Kingdom 180 Abuja City 181 Ekinrin Adde Community 182 Ekinrin Adde CommunityEgiland 183 Ado EkitiIkere Ekiti 184 Ojude Oba Festival Edit Main article Ojude Oba Festival The Ojude Oba Festival is an ancient festival celebrated by the Muslim people of Ijebu Ode a town in Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria The festival which takes place annually is usually witnessed on the third day after Eid al Kabir Ileya to pay homage and show respect to the Royal Majesty the Awujale of Ijebuland It is one of the most spiritual and glamorous festivals celebrated in Ijebuland and generally in Ogun State as a whole 185 186 It is a one day festival where different cultural age groups known as regberegbe indigenes their friends and associates far and near parades at the front of the king s palace on the third day of Eid al Kabir festival popularly referred to as Ileya in Yoruba language 187 188 Oba Adetona was the one that brought back the age groups in the 18th century 186 References Edit Christian Festivals and Holy Days University of Bolton www bolton ac uk Retrieved 2022 12 10 THE MAJOR FESTIVALS OF CHRISTIANITY academic brooklyn cuny edu Retrieved 2022 12 14 Islamic holidays Wikipedia 2022 12 05 retrieved 2022 12 10 a b c d Festivals in Nigeria Online Nigeria Retrieved 2011 04 26 a b c d e Oxford Business Group Patchwork of Celebration The Report Nigeria 2010 Oxford Business Group p 243 ISBN 1 907065 14 8 Jeremiah 2018 12 04 FG To Produce Compendium Of Cultural Festivals Minister Leadership News Nigeria News Breaking News Politics and more Retrieved 2021 08 03 Nigeria Compiling List of Festivals Nationwide To Boost Tourism Minister Independent Newspaper Nigeria Retrieved 2021 08 03 vanguard 2012 10 24 Port Harcourt Festival of book from World Book Capital Vanguard News Retrieved 2022 12 14 Lagos Book amp Art Festival LABAF Dubbed Africa Largest Culture Picnic Retrieved 2022 12 14 Kaduna Book amp Arts Festival Retrieved 2022 12 14 Ake Arts amp Book Festival Ake Arts amp Book Festival Retrieved 2022 12 14 Okondo 0odwin 23 August 2020 Nigeria international book fair goes virtual The Guardian Retrieved 3 December 2020 ABUJA INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL FilmFreeway Retrieved 2022 12 14 Home Afriff Retrieved 2022 12 14 EKOIFF EKOIFF Retrieved 2022 12 14 Home African Smartphone International Film Festival Retrieved 2022 12 14 vanguard 2012 10 24 Port Harcourt Festival of book from World Book Capital Vanguard News Retrieved 2022 12 14 PortHarcourt Book Festival Rainbow Book Club rainbowbookclub org Retrieved 2021 08 31 Port Harcourt Book Festival Wikipedia 2021 08 12 retrieved 2021 08 30 Stakeholders take as frenetic season of book festivals ends The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 11 26 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Udoh Uche 2013 08 06 Garden City Literary Festival now Port Harcourt Book Festival Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics Retrieved 2021 08 31 Lagos Book amp Art Festival LABAF Dubbed Africa Largest Culture Picnic Retrieved 2022 12 14 LABAF Nigeria on hot seat at Culture Picnic Vanguard News 2012 11 21 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Kaduna Book amp Arts Festival Retrieved 2022 12 14 KABAFEST 2017 Taking book festival train to Kaduna The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 07 02 Retrieved 2021 08 31 a b KABAFEST 2017 Opening up conversation creative space of a less understood region The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 07 09 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Bivan Nathaniel 2017 06 18 Toni Kan Leila Aboulela others for KABAFEST Daily Trust Shoneyin Lola 2022 Ake Festival and the African world stage African Literatures as World Literature Bloomsbury Academic retrieved 2022 12 14 Fantastical Futures Ake Festival 2018 Will Focus on a Re Imagined Africa Brittle Paper 2018 06 23 Retrieved 2021 08 30 About NIBF NIBF Retrieved 2021 08 31 Awakening the giant in women through books Daily Trust 7 August 2021 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Nigeria International Book Fair Edugist 2013 04 25 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Simon Stephanie 2021 07 19 National Book Fair Trust Announces 20th Annual Fair Voice of Nigeria Retrieved 2021 08 31 Home Afriff Retrieved 2022 12 14 BellaNaija com 2010 10 18 Africa Unites in Port Harcourt as the Africa International Film Festival AFRIFF Debuts in December 2010 BellaNaija Retrieved 2021 08 30 Home Afriff Retrieved 2022 12 30 EKOIFF EKOIFF Retrieved 2022 12 14 Eko International Film Festival begins tomorrow The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 04 21 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Eko Intl filmfest holds Vanguard News 2011 03 25 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Abdulkareem Alithnayn 2019 11 01 YNaija presents The 100 most influential Nigerians In Film in 2019 YNaija YNaija Retrieved 2021 08 30 Aiki Damilare 2011 09 30 Experience African Cinema at the Lights Camera Africa Film Festival 30th September to 2nd October 2011 BellaNaija Retrieved 2021 08 31 Felabration Felabration Retrieved 2022 12 14 Sandra Iszadore Fashola Ajibade others speak at Felabration P M News pmnewsnigeria com Retrieved 2021 08 31 AS FELABRATION 2015 KICKS OFF Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2015 10 10 Retrieved 2021 08 31 a b Fela Kuti Afrobeat amp the 7UP Connection Celebrated at Felabration 2015 Brandessence Nigeria The Heart and Soul of a Brand Latest Brand News Latest branding News Brand Nigeria Brand news Nigeria Online Brand Promotion Nigeria Brand promotional magazine advert agencies in nigeria entertainment news in nigeria battle of brands branding in nigeria Brand News Advertising News The First Brand KnowledgeBase Customer Magazine in Nigeria Retrieved 2021 08 31 5 Reasons Why This Year s Felabration Should Interest You Nairametrics 2015 10 16 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Lagos International Jazz Festival Festivals And Carnivals In Lagos State Nigeria Information amp Guide www nigeriagalleria com Retrieved 2022 12 14 Lagos Jazz Festival to celebrate Lagos at 50 Music In Africa 2016 03 17 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Grammy Awardee Lekan Babalola Bright Gain Adeniji Ego Others For Lagos Int l Jazz Festival The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2015 04 26 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Lagos Jazz Festival to celebrate Lagos at 50 Music In Africa 2016 03 17 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Lagos Steams Jazz As Babalola Solanke Ajayi Batic Others Groove The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2015 05 15 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Pepsi Rhythm Unplugged 2019 Flytime Promotions Unveils Outstanding Artistes SilverbirdTV 2019 12 13 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Hammond Celebrating 15 years of Rhythm Unplugged The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 10 26 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Pepsi Rhythm Unplugged 2019 Flytime Promotions Unveils Outstanding Artistes SilverbirdTV 2019 12 13 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Untold story of Rhythm Unplugged 2012 Vanguard News 2012 12 28 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Jaguda 2011 12 06 Rhythm Unplugged Music amp Comedy Concert Lagos Dec 18th 2011 Jaguda com Retrieved 2021 08 30 Atume Philip 2019 Pepsi Rhythm Unplugged 2019 Flytime Promotions Unveils Outstanding Artistes silverbird Nupes celebrate yet another festival Vanguard News 2010 07 29 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Abuja Stands Still For Star Mega Jam 09 The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2009 12 18 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Star Mega Jam cancelled Vanguard News 2011 12 01 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Meet the Gidi Tribe Nigeria s coolest new youth movement Huck Magazine 2018 04 23 Retrieved 2021 08 30 How Gidi Culture Became The Festival For The New African Generation OkayAfrica 2018 04 09 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Aisha Salaudeen 5 December 2019 Cardi B is set to perform for the first time in Nigeria and Ghana CNN Retrieved 2021 11 16 Aisha Salaudeen 9 December 2019 Cardi B s mini West Africa tour has ended here are some of her memorable moments CNN Retrieved 2021 11 16 Everything That Went Down At The 2019 Livespot X Festival Featuring Cardi B onobello com Retrieved 2021 11 16 Livespot X Festival With Cardi B Tiwa Savage Olamide Burna Boy Others On Parade The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 11 30 Retrieved 2021 11 16 Nigeria People Religions CIA World Factbook CIA Retrieved 2011 05 27 Easter FG declares Friday Monday April 2 5 public holidays Vanguard News 2021 03 31 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Yuletide FG declares December 25 28 January 1 public holidays Vanguard News 2020 12 23 Retrieved 2021 08 03 FG declares public holidays for Christmas New Year Punch Newspapers 2020 12 23 Retrieved 2021 08 03 a b c Nigeria Public Holidays 2018 Q Studio Retrieved 2018 07 22 Note the url changes every year Ifeoma Onyefulu 2007 An African Christmas frances lincoln ltd p 7 ISBN 978 1 84507 421 0 Arlene Erlbach Herb Erlbach Sharon Lane Holm 2002 Merry Christmas Everywhere Lerner Publications p 38 ISBN 0 7613 1699 X Easter Sunday Dates GM Arts Retrieved 2011 04 27 Holidays Motherland Nigeria Retrieved 2011 04 26 by 2019 11 25 Lent Why amp How Christians Fast Before Easter Just Disciple Retrieved 2021 08 04 Christmas Eve Attacks in Nigeria Kill at Least 38 Voice of America 25 December 2010 Retrieved 2011 04 26 Ethan Cole December 29 2010 Nigeria Christmas violence death toll rises to 80 Christian Post Retrieved 2011 04 26 OPEYEMI AGBAJE 27 April 2011 Innocent blood at Easter BusinessDay Archived from the original on 28 September 2011 Retrieved 2011 04 27 Safiya Akau 8 April 2012 25 killed in Easter Sunday bombing in northern Nigeria CNN Retrieved 2021 08 03 Mapping out the Global Muslim Population PDF The Pew Forum October 2009 Archived from the original PDF on 2010 01 13 Retrieved 2011 04 27 Eidel Kabir FG declares Tuesday Wednesday Public Holidays Vanguard News 2021 07 15 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Muslims in Nigeria Celebrate Ed el Fitri Channels TV September 10 2010 Archived from the original on July 20 2011 Retrieved 2011 04 26 Happy Eid El Kabir Vanguard 17 November 2010 Retrieved 2011 04 26 The meaning behind Eid al Fitr and how it is celebrated inews co uk 2021 05 12 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Eidul Fitr Kano Emirate to hold Sallah durbar Daily Trust 10 May 2021 Retrieved 2021 08 03 The Durbar Festival World Reviewer Retrieved 2011 04 26 Gani Durbar Festival Borgu Kingdom Archived from the original on 2011 03 11 Retrieved 2011 04 26 COVID 19 Kano suspends Durbar during Sallah Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2021 07 19 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Eid el Kabir Kwara Govt bans 2021 durbar in Ilorin 2021 07 21 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Insecurity Daura Emirate Cancels Sallah Durbar Celebration Channels Television Retrieved 2021 08 03 Jigawa suspends Sallah durbar Daily Trust 19 July 2021 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Culture feast in Epe as Kayokayo Festival holds The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 09 25 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Kayokayo Festival begins in Epe Vanguard News 2017 10 16 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Culture feast in Epe as Kayokayo Festival holds The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 09 25 Retrieved 2021 08 30 Ambode to open Epe s famous Kayokayo festival Vanguard News 2016 10 14 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Rapheal 2022 09 08 Kayokayo Festival Epe re enacts Oba Kosoko s arrival 171 years after The Sun Nigeria Retrieved 2022 12 30 Kagoro Hills of Kaduna State Nigeria Galleria Retrieved September 14 2020 Buhari Reuben January 14 2010 Nigeria Kagoro Home to Afan Cultural Festival All Africa This Day Lagos Retrieved September 14 2020 Celebrating Kagoro s festival of hunters Daily Trust 5 January 2020 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Argungu International Fishing Festival Festivals And Carnivals In Kebbi State Nigeria Information amp Guide www nigeriagalleria com Retrieved 2022 02 21 Hamagam Aliyu M 2020 03 23 Nigeria Argungu Fishing Festival Bounces Back 10 Years After allAfrica com Retrieved 2021 08 03 In pictures Wearing fancy dress for big yams in Nigeria BBC News 2019 04 20 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Origin relevance of Ikeji festival Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2018 10 23 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Calabar Carnival Calabar Festival Retrieved 2011 04 26 Calabar Carnival The Largest Street Party in Africa My Experience The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2016 12 04 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Things You Shouldn t Miss During Calabar Carnival Calabar Carnival Travel Series 3 October 2015 Retrieved 2015 11 30 Calabar Carnival 2015 Gov Ayade adopts beauty queens Vanguard News 2015 11 27 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Rivers people their CARNIRIV Businessday NG 2014 01 17 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Carniriv The Port Harcourt Carnival Archived from the original on 2013 11 17 Retrieved 2014 12 03 Positioning Carniriv as global brand Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2012 11 07 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Eyo festival History and features Vanguard News 2017 06 02 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Pelu Awofeso The Eyo Festival Travel Intelligence Retrieved 2011 04 26 Olojo Festival Grand celebration of rich Yoruba cultural heritage The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2018 11 17 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ife begins Olojo Festival as Ooni enters 7 day seclusion 2020 09 21 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Olojo festival Celebrating the dawn of creation in Ile Ife Daily Trust 5 October 2019 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Osun to build Yoruba museum in Ife as Ooni emerges from seclusion Vanguard News 2020 09 26 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ndigbo in Lagos celebrate New Yam Festival Vanguard News 2011 10 10 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Eze Ndigbo Preaches Peace Celebrates New Yam Festival In Ogun Independent Newspaper Nigeria Retrieved 2021 08 03 Owo celebrates Igogo festival Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2014 10 28 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Elizabeth Benard Beverly Moon 21 September 2000 Goddesses Who Rule Oxford University Press p 272 ISBN 0195121309 Retrieved June 3 2015 Nnewi prepares for 2019 Afia Olu festival The Sun Nigeria 2019 08 13 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Enugu community celebrates Omabe festival in grand style Vanguard News 2020 09 30 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Omabe masquerade festival Imufu community s cultural heritage of all ages Vanguard News 2015 05 13 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Nnewi agog as Igwe Orizu celebrates 50 years on throne The Sun 17 January 2014 Retrieved 26 July 2015 a b Abah Adah Chinelo Chikelu Paul Chiama 14 March 2014 Nigeria s 10 Famous Festivals Leadership Nigeria Retrieved 26 July 2015 All Round Africa For the love of the continent All Round Africa Retrieved 2021 07 31 East Central State Nigeria Information Divisin 1974 Traditional festivals in East Central State Enugu Information Division Ministry of Information and Home Affairs OCLC 1602962 Osun Osogbo festival Marking 10 years of world acceptance Vanguard News 2015 09 04 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Osun Osogbo festivities begin with traditional cleansing The Sun Nigeria 2021 08 03 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Oyo The inspiring Sango festival Daily Trust 17 September 2017 Retrieved 2021 08 03 2 Day World Sango Festival Afro Tourism Retrieved 10 August 2015 Samuel Johnson 1969 The History of the Yorubas From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1108020992 S2CID 162849118 Foreigners thrill audience at World Sango Festival Latest Nigeria News Nigerian Newspapers Politics 2013 08 31 Retrieved 2021 08 31 The Fulani Festival That Is Celebrated By Flogging The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 08 23 Retrieved 2021 08 03 a b Festivals in Nigeria Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Argentina Archived from the original on 2012 03 23 Retrieved 2011 04 26 Marcellina Ulunma Okehie Offoha Matthew N O Sadiku 1996 Ethnic and cultural diversity in Nigeria Africa World Press p 28 ISBN 0 86543 283 X Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe 1996 Fulani The Rosen Publishing Group p 28ff ISBN 0 8239 1982 X CRS Celebrates New y Festival The Tide Online 2008 08 15 Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 Retrieved 2009 03 05 Ogun Festival TheFreeDictionary com Retrieved 2021 08 03 Origin Of Ogun God Of Iron Ekimogun Descendant United Kingdom amp Northern Ireland Ekimogun Descendant United Kingdom amp Northern Ireland 2018 01 12 a b Fieldhouse Paul 2017 Food feasts and faith an encyclopedia of food culture in world religions Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO an Imprint of ABC CLIO LLC p 93 ISBN 9781610694124 Ondo indigenes celebrate Ogun festival amidst fanfare The Hope Newspapers The Hope Newspapers 2017 09 18 Retrieved 12 January 2018 Sotunde Afolabi Ogun Sacrifice to the iron god The Wider Image Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ito Ogbo Obosi Cultural renaissance at its peak Vanguard News 2021 01 05 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Ito Ogbo Obosi Celebrating the Aged Alive THISDAYLIVE 2021 03 26 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Ikare Nigeria a b Aluko Yetunde A Onobanjo Oluwasegun D Alliyu Nurudeen 2011 The Centrality of Women in Moral Teaching in Yoruba Family System The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 9 doi 10 36108 NJSA 1102 90 0120 a b Ariginya Festival Festivals and Carnivals in Ondo State Nigeria Information amp Guide Aringinya festival Celebrating Ikare Akoko s date with fertility chastity 3 July 2018 Tiger Street Food Festival Revs Up For Owerri Edition Independent Newspaper Nigeria 3 April 2021 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Peruzzi DJ Big N others thrill fun seekers at Tiger Street Food Festival PHOTOS Premium Times Nigeria 2021 07 24 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Heard About The Tiger Street Food Festival In Makurdi Here s Why You Should Be At The Next One Nigerian Entertainment Today 2021 07 28 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Owerri uncages flavours at Tiger Street food festival Tribune Online 2021 04 09 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Upbeat swing for Annang Festival of Arts 2019 The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2019 11 23 Retrieved 2021 08 31 One Africa www one africa com Retrieved 2021 08 31 PEACILLIA MARTIN CHIEFUNA Umanah Victor Sunday 2013 01 01 An Overview of Ethical Significance of Annang Proverbs World Multidisciplinary Journal of Research Development and Reformation 1 107 117 Annang festival of Arts and Culture holds Dec 20 The Sun Nigeria 2019 11 21 Retrieved 2021 08 31 COVID 19 Anambra govt suspends 2020 Imo Awka festival The Sun Nigeria 2020 05 10 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Chukindi Joe 2020 05 25 Awka youths dare Obiano hold Egwu Imo festival despite ban Daily Post Nigeria Retrieved 2021 08 31 Egwu Imoka Putting Awka on festival map The Sun Nigeria 2019 07 10 Retrieved 2021 08 31 OrientDailyNews 2017 05 12 Imo Awka The deity that protects Orient Daily News Retrieved 2022 02 21 AWKA STANDS STILL FOR IMO OKA FESTIVAL www thenigerianvoice com Retrieved 2022 05 16 OrientDailyNews 2017 05 12 Imo Awka The deity that protects Orient Daily News Retrieved 2022 05 16 Joy 2021 04 17 All The Traditional Festivals Celebrated In Igboland AnaedoOnline Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ovia Osese A Kogi festival for keeping girls chaste Daily Trust 19 May 2019 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ogori s Ovia Osese festival promotes sanctity of virginity The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 06 04 Retrieved 2022 02 21 Ovia Osese Festival Festivals And Carnivals In Kogi State Nigeria Information amp Guide www nigeriagalleria com Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ododo Sunday Enessi 2004 Womanhood and Virgo Intacta Form and Aesthetic Reconstruction in Ovia Osese Performance PDF Ufahamu A Journal of African Studies 30 2 3 doi 10 5070 F7302 3016535 Ogori s Ovia Osese festival promotes sanctity of virginity The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2017 06 04 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Saranraj P Behera Sudhanshu S Ray Ramesh C 2019 01 01 Traditional Foods from Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Traditional Foods From Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Innovations and Challenges Innovations in Traditional Foods pp 159 191 doi 10 1016 B978 0 12 814887 7 00007 1 ISBN 9780128148877 S2CID 92411247 Yam IITA Retrieved 2021 08 31 New Yam Festival TheFreeDictionary com Retrieved 2021 08 31 yam Description Uses Species amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2021 08 31 a b The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2021 07 04 https editor guardian ng life festival ready 7 of the best nigerian festivals Retrieved 2021 08 31 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help New Yam Festival The celebration of thanksgiving Pulse Nigeria 2021 08 23 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Editorial 2019 01 20 Yam cultivation Botanical online Retrieved 2021 08 31 It s New Yam Festival in Oba Anambra Vanguard News 2021 08 27 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Significance of New Yam Festival in Igbo Society of Nigeria Igbo Union Finland www igbounionfinland com Retrieved 2021 08 31 Okpe Kingdom celebrates Wasigbeenile New Yam festival The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2018 08 12 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Celebrating New Yam Festival in Abuja The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2016 10 09 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ogidi s rich cultural heritage on show at New Yam Festival The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2018 07 15 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ogidi s rich cultural heritage on show at New Yam Festival The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2018 07 15 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Egi monarch prays for sustainable peace restoration at New Yam Festival The Guardian Nigeria News Nigeria and World News 2018 08 19 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Everything You Need To Know About the Ojude Oba Festival Vanguard News 2017 09 01 Retrieved 2021 08 31 a b Anifowose Titilayo 2020 05 01 Written at Lagos Nigeria Cultural Heritage and Architecture A Case of Ojude Oba in Ijebu Ode South West Nigeria PDF Department of architecture Faculty of Environmental Studies International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering University of Lagos Akoka Nigeria 6 5 74 81 doi 10 31695 IJASRE 2020 33808 eISSN 2454 8006 People City 2018 07 30 IJEBU Age Grade Groups Prepare For 2018 OJUDE OBA City People Magazine Retrieved 2021 08 31 Ojude Oba Festival Ogun State Government Official Website Retrieved 2021 08 31 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of festivals in Nigeria amp oldid 1130556830, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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