Akwa Ibom State
Akwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered on the east by Cross River State, on the west by Rivers State and Abia State, and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean. The state takes its name from the Qua Iboe River which bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny.[4] Akwa Ibom was split from Cross River State in 1987 with its capital Uyo and with 31 local government areas.
Akwa Ibom State | |
|---|---|
Flag Seal | |
| Nicknames: | |
Location of Akwa Ibom in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 05°00′N 07°50′E / 5.000°N 7.833°ECoordinates: 05°00′N 07°50′E / 5.000°N 7.833°E | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Date created | 23 September 1987 |
| Capital | Uyo |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Akwa Ibom State |
| • Governor | Udom Gabriel Emmanuel (PDP) |
| • Deputy Governor | Moses Ekpo |
| • Legislature | Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly |
| • Senators | NE: Bassey Akpan (YPP) NW: Chris Ekpenyong (PDP) S: Akon Eyakenyi (PDP) |
| • Representatives | List |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,081 km2 (2,734 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 30 of 36 |
| Population (2016)[1] | |
| • Total | 5,450,758 |
| • Rank | 15 of 36 |
| • Density | 770/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Akwa Ibomite |
| GDP (PPP) | |
| • Year | 2007 |
| • Total | $11.18 billion[2] |
| • Per capita | $2,779[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (WAT) |
| Dialing Code | +234 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG-AK |
| HDI (2018) | 0.604[3] medium · 17th of 37 |
| Website | akwaibomstate |
Of the 36 states, Akwa Ibom is the 30th largest in area and fifteenth most populous with an estimated population of nearly 5.5 million as of 2016.[5] Geographically, the state is divided between the Central African mangroves in the coastal far south and the Cross–Niger transition forests in the rest of the state. Other important geographical features are the Imo and Cross rivers which flow along Akwa Ibom's eastern and western borders, respectively while the Kwa Ibo River bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. In the southeast corner of the state is the Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve, a heavily threatened wildlife reserve that contains declining crocodile, putty-nosed monkey, red-capped mangabey, and Sclater's guenon populations along with potentially extirpated populations of African leopard and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee.[6][7][8][9] Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are large fish populations along with various cetacean species including bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, humpback whales, and killer whales.[citation needed]
Modern-day Akwa Ibom State has been inhabited by various ethnic groups for hundreds of years, primarily the closely related Ibibio, Anaang, and Obolo - Oron peoples in the North-East, North-West, and Southern zones of the state, respectively. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Akwa Ibom State was divided into various city-states like the Ibom Kingdom and Akwa Akpa before the latter become a British protectorate in 1884 as a part of the Oil Rivers Protectorate.[10] In the early 1900s, the British actually gained formal control of the area before incorporating the protectorate (now renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate) into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria; after the merger, much of modern-day Akwa Ibom became a centre of anti-colonial resistance during the Women's War and political activism through the Ibibio State Union.[11]
After independence in 1960, the area of now-Akwa Ibom was a part of the post-independence Eastern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the South-Eastern State. Less than two months afterwards, the Igbo-majority former Eastern Region attempted to secede as the state of Biafra; in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War, now-Akwa Ibom was hard-fought over in the prelude to the Invasion of Port Harcourt while people from Akwa Ibom were persecuted by Biafran forces as they were mainly non-Igbo.[12] At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the South-Eastern State was reformed until 1976 when it was renamed Cross River State. Eleven years later, Cross River State was divided with western Cross River being broken off to form the new Akwa Ibom State.[13]
Economically, Akwa Ibom State is based around the production of crude oil and natural gas as highest oil-producing state in the country,[14] with Ibeno, Mbo and Eastern Obolo as oil-producing LGAs. Key minor industries involve agriculture as the state has substantial cocoyam, yam, and plantain crops along with fishing and heliciculture. Despite its vast oil revenues, Akwa Ibom has the seventeenth highest Human Development Index in the country in large part due to years of systemic corruption.[15][16][17]
History
The region of the state was created out of Cross River State on September 23, 1987, by the then Military Administration of General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida.[18] No central government existed among the people of what is now Akwa Ibom State, prior to the British invasion in 1904. Instead, the Annang, Oron, Efik, Ibono-Obolo and Ibibio were all autonomous groups.[19]
Although several Scottish missionaries arrived in Calabar in 1848, and Ibono in 1887, the British did not firmly establish control of the area until 1904. In that year, the Enyong Division was created encompassing the area of the current state of Akwa Ibom, with headquarters at Ikot Ekpene, an Annang city described by the noted Africanist Kaanan Nair, as the cultural and political capital of Annang and Ibibio.
The creation of Enyong Division for the first time, allowed the numerous ethnic groups to come together. This further provided a venue for the creation of the Ibibio Welfare Union, later renamed Ibibio State Union. This social organization was first organized as a local development and improvement forum for educated persons and groups who were shut out from the colonial administration in 1929.[citation needed] Nonetheless, some historians have wrongly pointed to the union to buttress their argument about the homogeneity of groups in the area.[20] The Obolo Union, comprising Ibono and Andoni stock, was another strong socioeconomic and cultural organization that thrived in the region. The Ibono people have fought wars to maintain their unique identity and territory in the region more than any other group.[citation needed]
When Akwa Ibom state was created in 1987, Uyo was chosen as the state capital to spread development to all regions of the state.[21]
Government
Politics in Akwa Ibom state are dominated by the three main ethnic groups: the Ibibio, Annang and Oron. Of these three, the Ibibio remain the majority and have held sway in the state since its creation. For the past eight years, between May 29, 2007 - May 28, 2015, the Annang people held sway, since the governor for those eight years, was from Ikot Ekpene senatorial district.[22]
Ministries, Departments and Agencies
Here are the list of ministries in Akwa Ibom State[23]
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
- Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources
- Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives
- Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources
Local Government Areas
Akwa Ibom State consists of thirty-one (31) local government areas. They include:
Demographics
Ethnic groups
The main ethnic groups of the state include: Ibibio, Anaang, Oron and Obolo.
Religion
The people of Akwa Ibom are predominantly Christians.
Languages
Like their Efik neighbors of Cross River State, people of Akwa Ibom speak various dialects of the Ibibio-Efik languages, which belong to the Benue–Congo language family, forming part of the Niger–Congo group of languages.
The following table lists languages of Akwa Ibom State, and the local government areas in which they are spoken:[25]
| Language | LGA(s) spoken in |
|---|---|
| Anaang | Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |
| Obolo | Eastern Obolo |
| Ekid | Eket, Esit Eket |
| Etebi | Esit Eket |
| Ibibio | Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |
| Ibuno | Ibeno |
| Ika Oku | Ika |
| Nkari | Ini |
| Itu Mbon Uso | Ini |
| Idere | Itu |
| Efik | Itu, Uruan |
| Ebughu | Mbo, Oron |
| Efai | Mbo |
| Enwan | Mbo |
| Oro | Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |
| Iko | Eastern Obolo |
| Okobo | Okobo |
| Ilue | Oron |
| Khana | Oruk-Anam |
Education
The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education is tasked with monitoring the education sector of the state. The current region of Akwa Ibom State in old Calabar Kingdom, was the first to encounter Western education in Nigeria, with the establishment of Hope Waddell Training Institute, at Calabar in 1895, and the Methodist Boys' High School, Oron in 1905, as well as other top schools such as the Holy Family College at Abak and Regina Coeli College in Essene.
Some educational institutes in the state are:
- Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua
- Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA)
- Federal Polytechnic, Ukana
- Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26]
- Heritage Polytechnic, Eket
- Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron
- Obong University, Obong Ntak
- Ritman University
- University of Uyo, Uyo
This section contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (February 2022) |
Notable people
- Obong Victor Attah, former governor of Akwa Ibom State[33]
- Senator Godswill Akpabio, former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader[34]
- Nathaniel Bassey is a Nigerian gospel music minister and RCCG Pastor from Uyo L.G.A, in Akwa ibom state.
- C. A. O Essien was a retired Nigerian Police Officer/Preacher, who brought the Churches of Christ to Nigeria and West Africa.[35]
- Effiong Dickson Bob[36]
- Ini Edo, Nollywood Actress[37]
- Obong Ufot Ekaette, secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo[38]
- Dominic Ekandem first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy.[39]
- Senator (Engr.) Chris Ekpenyong Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the Victor Attah administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly.[40]
- Engr. Patrick Ekpotu, former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State[41]
- Udom Gabriel Emmanuel, Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date[42]
- Senator Ita Enang, Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President Muhammadu Buhari[43]
- Vincent Enyeama, professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain[44]
- Mark Essien, entrepreneur and founder of Hotels.ng[45]
- Chief Donald Etiebet, former Minister of Petroleum[46]
- Nse Ikpe-Etim, Nollywood actress[47]
- Eve Esin, Nollywood actress[48]
- Etim Inyang, former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986[49]
- Obong Akpan Isemin, elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic[citation needed]
- Clement Isong, second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former Cross River State[50]
- Emem Isong, multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy[51]
- Rt. Hon. Onofiok Luke, the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament[52]
- Group Capt. Idongesit Nkanga, former military governor of Akwa Ibom State[53]
- Samuel Peter, world heavyweight boxing champion[54]
- Egbert Udo Udoma, from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda[55][56]
- Ime Bishop Umoh, Nollywood actor[57]
- Professor Okon Uya was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President Ibrahim Babangida after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor Humphrey Nwosu dismissed.[58]
See also
References
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58. Pastor Nathaniel Bassey, Moses Bliss and Jimmy D Psalmist also made the list of 2022 Owwre.com Top 10 Nigerian Gospel Music Artists from Akwa Ibom State.
External links
- akwaibomstate.gov.ng: Official website of the Akwa Ibom State Government