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Fauna of Toronto

December 15, 2023

The fauna of Toronto include a variety of different species situated within the city limits. Toronto contains a mosaic of ecosystems that includes forests, rivers, streams, and wetlands, which allows it to support a large variety of fauna.[1] Approximately 90 per cent of animals that inhabit the city reside within the Toronto ravine system.[2] The city's ravine system, creeks and rivers are wildlife corridors that allow animals to travel from one area of the city to another.[3] Although most animals in Toronto reside within the ravine system, several animals also live in the city's urban environment and parks.

A beaver in High Park in Toronto. The beaver is a national symbol of Canada and is featured on the coat of arms of Toronto.

The City of Toronto reports there are 24 species of amphibians and reptiles, 38 species of mammals,[note 1] over 410 bird species, and a large number of insect genera in the city. There are also over 100 species of fish reported within the Greater Toronto Area.

Toronto was also in the historic range of several other animals, although the city's urban growth in the 19th century and early 20th century led to these species' natural range to recede beyond the city limits.

Vertebrates edit

Amphibians and reptiles edit

 
Blanding's turtles is one of several endangered species that inhabit the city.
 
An Eastern garter snake in the Toronto ravine system

There are 24 species of amphibians and reptiles that are considered native species within the city limits of Toronto, with most populations concentrated in the wetlands found in the city.[1] Six of these native species were listed under the federal Species at Risk Act.[1] The following amphibian and reptile species (sorted by family) may be found throughout the City of Toronto:

Birds edit

See also: List of birds of Ontario

At least 195 bird species were confirmed to breed in the area, with a total of 410 species of birds recorded in the Greater Toronto Area (either breeding, in migration, or vagrant).[1][30] A number of birds pass through the Toronto while migrating, with the city being situated around where the Atlantic and the Mississippi migratory flyways converge.

The following bird species (sorted by family) have been spotted in the City of Toronto, and Greater Toronto:[30]

 
Blue jays may be seen throughout the city. Toronto's Major League Baseball team is named after the bird.
 
The common loon is the provincial bird of Ontario, and a bird species that breeds within Greater Toronto.[30]
 
A bald eagle at Humber Bay Park
 
A Canada goose along the Harbourfront of Toronto
 
A Cooper's hawk at Colonel Samuel Smith Park
 
A great blue heron wading in Grenadier Pond at High Park
 
An Iceland gull at the Scarborough Bluffs. The gull is one of 11 species from the genus Larus that has been recorded in the city.
 
A magnolia warbler in Colonel Samuel Smith Park. The magnolia warbler is one of 52 New World warblers recorded in the city.
 
Introduced to the local ecosystem in the 19th century, mute swans are seen as an invasive species in Toronto. Their population requires regular management from the TRCA.[31]
 
A northern mockingbird perched on a branch at Humber Bay Park West.
 
A northern cardinal at Lambton Woods Park in Toronto.
 
A red-tailed hawk at High Park. The hawk is one of five species of the genus Buteo spotted in the city.
 
A snowy owl at the Leslie Street Spit. Snowy owls winter throughout southern Canada, including Toronto.
 
A trumpeter swan swimming on the Toronto waterfront.

Fish edit

There is approximately 100 species of coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish found within the waterways of Greater Toronto.[1] The following fish species are found in the creeks, ponds, and rivers that make up the Toronto waterway system, and the Toronto waterfront along Lake Ontario:[32][33]

Mammals edit

 
Two white-tailed deers near the West Humber River Trail in Toronto.
 
A coyote in Neville Park
 
Two melanistic eastern grey squirrel on a tree at Toronto Metropolitan University

There are 38 species of mammals that reside within Toronto, although these numbers have fluctuated due to environmental changes and loss of natural habitats during the past century.[1] The following mammals (sorted by family) may be found throughout the City of Toronto:[note 1][34]

Historic species edit

The historic range for several mammal species once extended into the City of Toronto. However, as the city developed, the natural range for several mammals receded beyond the city limits. At least 11 species of mammals were extirpated from the region.[1] The historic range for the following mammals once included Toronto, but were pushed beyond the city limits prior to 1912:[34]

Invertebrates edit

 
A monarch butterfly nectaring in The Queensway – Humber Bay.

Within the city of Toronto, there exists approximately 110 species of butterflies, although this number is prone to fluctuations as a result of a varied environment from year to year.[1] There is approximately six families of bees in Toronto, which includes 37 genera and 364 species of bees in Toronto.[1] Past published records estimate that there are 25 genera and approximately 200 species of spiders in Toronto; 24 of which were introduced to the region.[1] However, it is estimated that the actual number of species that exist in the city is approximately three times larger.[1] The following insects may be found throughout the City of Toronto including:[citation needed]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b The following does not include humans, animals held in captivity (like the Toronto Zoo), or domesticated animals (such as pets and livestock).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Non-native species.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Wild, Connected and Diverse: A Biodiversity Strategy for Toronto" (PDF). www.toronto.ca. City of Toronto. September 2019. pp. 22–23.
  2. ^ "Loop Trail: Connecting and Protecting Toronto's Ravines". www.evergreen.ca. Evergreen. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  3. ^ "Mammals of Toronto" (PDF). City of Toronto. 2012. p. 11. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Snapping Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Eastern Gartersnake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  6. ^ "DeKay's Brownsnake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  7. ^ "Milksnake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  8. ^ "Red-bellied snake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Northern watersnake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  10. ^ "Smooth Greensnake". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  11. ^ "Gray Treefrog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  12. ^ "Spring Peeper". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Western Chorus Frog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  14. ^ "Eastern Musk Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  15. ^ "Eastern Red-backed Salamander". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  16. ^ "Spotted Salamander". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  17. ^ "Blanding's Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  18. ^ "Midland Painted Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  19. ^ "Northern Map Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  20. ^ Robinson, Michael (24 June 2015). "Turtles face a threat from one of their own: red-eared invaders". Toronto Star. Torstar Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  21. ^ "Spotted Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Wood Turtle". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  23. ^ "Mudpuppy". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  24. ^ "American Bullfrog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  25. ^ "Green Frog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  26. ^ "Northern Leopard Frog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  27. ^ "Wood Frog". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  28. ^ "Red-spotted salmander". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  29. ^ "American Toad". Ontario Nature. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  30. ^ a b c "Checklist of the Birds of the Greater Toronto Area (2011)" (PDF). Birds of Toronto: A guide to their remarkable world. City of Toronto. 2011. pp. 46–47. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  31. ^ "Mute swan - Canada goose - Toronto Waterfront". City of Toronto. 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  32. ^ "Fishes of Toronto" (PDF). City of Toronto. 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  33. ^ "Existing conditions: fish and other species". Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  34. ^ a b "Checklist of the Mammals of Toronto" (PDF). Mammals of Toronto. City of Toronto. 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2018.

External links edit

  • Wildlife in the City

December 15, 2023
fauna, toronto, fauna, toronto, include, variety, different, species, situated, within, city, limits, toronto, contains, mosaic, ecosystems, that, includes, forests, rivers, streams, wetlands, which, allows, support, large, variety, fauna, approximately, cent,. The fauna of Toronto include a variety of different species situated within the city limits Toronto contains a mosaic of ecosystems that includes forests rivers streams and wetlands which allows it to support a large variety of fauna 1 Approximately 90 per cent of animals that inhabit the city reside within the Toronto ravine system 2 The city s ravine system creeks and rivers are wildlife corridors that allow animals to travel from one area of the city to another 3 Although most animals in Toronto reside within the ravine system several animals also live in the city s urban environment and parks A beaver in High Park in Toronto The beaver is a national symbol of Canada and is featured on the coat of arms of Toronto The City of Toronto reports there are 24 species of amphibians and reptiles 38 species of mammals note 1 over 410 bird species and a large number of insect genera in the city There are also over 100 species of fish reported within the Greater Toronto Area Toronto was also in the historic range of several other animals although the city s urban growth in the 19th century and early 20th century led to these species natural range to recede beyond the city limits Contents 1 Vertebrates 1 1 Amphibians and reptiles 1 2 Birds 1 3 Fish 1 4 Mammals 1 4 1 Historic species 2 Invertebrates 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksVertebrates editAmphibians and reptiles edit nbsp Blanding s turtles is one of several endangered species that inhabit the city nbsp An Eastern garter snake in the Toronto ravine systemThere are 24 species of amphibians and reptiles that are considered native species within the city limits of Toronto with most populations concentrated in the wetlands found in the city 1 Six of these native species were listed under the federal Species at Risk Act 1 The following amphibian and reptile species sorted by family may be found throughout the City of Toronto Chelydridae Common snapping turtle 4 Colubridae Common garter snake 5 De Kay s snake 6 Milksnake 7 Northern redbelly snake 8 Northern water snake 9 Smooth green snake 10 Hylidae Grey tree frog 11 Spring peeper 12 Western chorus frog 13 Kinosternidae Eastern musk turtle 14 Lungless salamander Eastern red backed salamander 15 Mole salamander Spotted salamander 16 Pond turtle Blanding s turtle 17 Midland painted turtle 18 Northern map turtle 19 Pond slider 20 note 2 Spotted turtle 21 Wood turtle 22 Proteidae Common mudpuppy 23 True frog American bullfrog 24 Green frog 25 Northern leopard frog 26 Wood frog 27 True salamander Eastern newt 28 True toad American toad 29 Birds edit See also List of birds of Ontario At least 195 bird species were confirmed to breed in the area with a total of 410 species of birds recorded in the Greater Toronto Area either breeding in migration or vagrant 1 30 A number of birds pass through the Toronto while migrating with the city being situated around where the Atlantic and the Mississippi migratory flyways converge The following bird species sorted by family have been spotted in the City of Toronto and Greater Toronto 30 nbsp Blue jays may be seen throughout the city Toronto s Major League Baseball team is named after the bird nbsp The common loon is the provincial bird of Ontario and a bird species that breeds within Greater Toronto 30 nbsp A bald eagle at Humber Bay Park nbsp A Canada goose along the Harbourfront of Toronto nbsp A Cooper s hawk at Colonel Samuel Smith Park nbsp A great blue heron wading in Grenadier Pond at High Park nbsp An Iceland gull at the Scarborough Bluffs The gull is one of 11 species from the genus Larus that has been recorded in the city nbsp A magnolia warbler in Colonel Samuel Smith Park The magnolia warbler is one of 52 New World warblers recorded in the city nbsp Introduced to the local ecosystem in the 19th century mute swans are seen as an invasive species in Toronto Their population requires regular management from the TRCA 31 nbsp A northern mockingbird perched on a branch at Humber Bay Park West nbsp A northern cardinal at Lambton Woods Park in Toronto nbsp A red tailed hawk at High Park The hawk is one of five species of the genus Buteo spotted in the city nbsp A snowy owl at the Leslie Street Spit Snowy owls winter throughout southern Canada including Toronto nbsp A trumpeter swan swimming on the Toronto waterfront Accipitridae Bald eagle Five species from the genus Buteo Cooper s hawk Golden eagle Mississippi kite Northern goshawk Northern harrier Sharp shinned hawk Swallow tailed kite Anatidae Nine species from the subfamily Anatinae Barrow s goldeneye Bufflehead Canada goose Canvasback Common eider Common goldeneye Common merganser Lesser scaup Long tailed duck Hooded merganser Harlequin duck Mute swan note 2 Red breasted merganser Redhead Ruddy duck Trumpeter swan Wood duck Auks Ancient murrelet Black guillemot Little auk Razorbill Thick billed murre Barn owl Barn owl Calcariidae Lapland longspur Chestnut collared longspur Snow bunting Cardinalidae Blue grosbeak Dickcissel Indigo bunting Lazuli bunting Northern cardinal Painted bunting Rose breasted grosbeak Summer tanager Western tanager Charadriidae American golden plover Black bellied Plover Killdeer Semipalmated Plover Piping Plover Coots American coot American purple gallinule Common gallinule King rail Sora Virginia rail Yellow rail Cormorant Double crested cormorant Great cormorant Crane Sandhill crane Whooping crane Crow American crow Blue jay Black billed magpie Common raven Canada jay Western jackdaw Cuckoo Black billed cuckoo Yellow billed cuckoo Falcon American kestrel Merlin Gyrfalcon Peregrine falcon Finch Arctic redpoll American goldfinch Brambling Common redpoll Evening grosbeak House finch Lesser goldfinch Pine grosbeak Pine siskin Purple finch Red crossbill Two barred crossbill Gannet Northern gannet Gnatcatcher Blue grey gnatcatcher Grebe Black necked grebe Horned grebe Pied billed grebe Red necked grebe Western grebe Heron American bittern Black crowned night heron Cattle egret Green heron Great blue heron Great egret Little blue heron Snowy egret Tricolored heron Yellow crowned night heron Hummingbird Rufous hummingbird Ruby throated hummingbird Ibis American white ibis Glossy ibis White faced ibis Icterid Baltimore oriole Bobolink Brewer s blackbird Brown headed cowbird Bullock s oriole Common grackle Eastern meadowlark Orchard oriole Red winged blackbird Rusty blackbird Western meadowlark Yellow headed blackbird Kingfisher Belted kingfisher Kinglet Golden crowned kinglet Ruby crowned kinglet Laridae Arctic tern Black headed gull Black legged kittiwake Black skimmer Black tern Bonaparte s gull Caspian tern Forster s tern Franklin s gull Ivory gull Eleven species from the genus Larus Laughing gull Little gull Sabine s gull Lark Horned lark Loon Common loon Pacific loon Red throated loon Mimid Brown thrasher Grey catbird Northern mockingbird Motacillidae Buff bellied pipit New World quail Northern bobwhite New World vulture Black vulture Turkey vulture New World warbler 52 species of New World warblers Nightjar Chuck will s widow Common nighthawk Eastern whip poor will Nuthatch Red breasted nuthatch White breasted nuthatch Old World flycatcher Northern wheatear Siberian rubythroat Osprey Osprey Oystercatcher American oystercatcher Pelican American white pelican Brown pelican Phasianidae Common pheasant note 2 Grey partridge note 2 Ruffed grouse Spruce grouse Willow ptarmigan Wild turkey Pigeons Band tailed pigeon Eurasian collared dove note 2 Mourning dove Rock dove note 2 White winged dove Procellariidae Black capped petrel Great shearwater Manx shearwater Northern fulmar Recurvirostridae American avocet Black necked stilt Sandpiper 34 species of sandpipers Shrike Loggerhead shrike Northern shrike Skua Long tailed jaeger Pomarine jaeger Parasitic jaeger Sparrows 24 species of sparrows Starling Common starling note 2 Swallows Barn swallow Cave swallow Northern rough winged swallow Purple martin Sand martin Tree swallow Swift Chimney swift Thrush American robin Eastern bluebird Fieldfare Grey cheeked thrush Hermit thrush Northern wheatear Siberian rubythroat Swainson s thrush Townsend s solitaire Varied thrush Veery Wood thrush Treecreeper Brown creeper True owl Barred owl Boreal owl Burrowing owl Eastern screech owl Great horned owl Long eared owl Northern hawk owl Short eared owl Snowy owl Tyrant flycatcher Ash throated flycatcher Eastern kingbird Eastern phoebe Eastern wood pewee Six species from the genus Empidonax Fork tailed flycatcher Great crested flycatcher Olive sided flycatcher Scissor tailed flycatcher Sulphur bellied flycatcher Variegated flycatcher Vermilion flycatcher Western kingbird Tit Black capped chickadee Boreal chickadee Tufted titmouse Vireonidae Seven species from the genus Vireo Waxwing Bohemian waxwing Cedar waxwing Phainopepla Woodpecker American three toed woodpecker Black backed woodpecker Downy woodpecker Hairy woodpecker Northern flicker Pileated woodpecker Red bellied woodpecker Red headed woodpecker Yellow bellied sapsucker Wren Bewick s wren Carolina wren House wren Marsh wren Rock wren Sedge wren Winter wren Fish edit This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items December 2020 There is approximately 100 species of coldwater coolwater and warmwater fish found within the waterways of Greater Toronto 1 The following fish species are found in the creeks ponds and rivers that make up the Toronto waterway system and the Toronto waterfront along Lake Ontario 32 33 Black bullhead Black crappie Bluegill Bluntnose minnow Channel catfish Chinook salmon Green sunfish note 2 Largemouth bass Northern hog sucker Northern pike Pumpkinseed Spottail shiner Stonecat Tadpole madtom White bass White sucker Yellow perch Mammals edit nbsp Two white tailed deers near the West Humber River Trail in Toronto nbsp A coyote in Neville Park nbsp Two melanistic eastern grey squirrel on a tree at Toronto Metropolitan UniversityThere are 38 species of mammals that reside within Toronto although these numbers have fluctuated due to environmental changes and loss of natural habitats during the past century 1 The following mammals sorted by family may be found throughout the City of Toronto note 1 34 Canids Coyote Red fox Castoridae North American beaver Cricetidae Deer mouse Meadow vole Muskrat White footed mouse Deer White tailed deer Dipodidae Meadow jumping mouse Hares and rabbits Eastern cottontail European hare note 2 Snowshoe hare Muridae Brown rat note 2 House mouse note 2 Mustelidae American mink Long tailed weasel North American river otter Short tailed weasel New World porcupine Canadian porcupine Opossum Virginia opossum Procyonidae Raccoon Shrew American pygmy shrew Masked shrew Northern short tailed shrew Smoky shrew Skunk Striped skunk Squirrel American red squirrel Eastern chipmunk Eastern grey squirrel including black squirrels Groundhog Northern flying squirrel Southern flying squirrel Talpidae Hairy tailed mole Star nosed mole Vesper bat Big brown bat Eastern red bat Eastern small footed myotis Hoary bat Little brown bat Silver haired bat Northern long eared bat Historic species edit The historic range for several mammal species once extended into the City of Toronto However as the city developed the natural range for several mammals receded beyond the city limits At least 11 species of mammals were extirpated from the region 1 The historic range for the following mammals once included Toronto but were pushed beyond the city limits prior to 1912 34 Bear American black bear Canids Grey wolf Cats Bobcat Canada lynx Cougar Cricetidae Southern red backed vole Deer Elk Moose Mustelidae American marten FisherInvertebrates edit nbsp A monarch butterfly nectaring in The Queensway Humber Bay This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items September 2018 Within the city of Toronto there exists approximately 110 species of butterflies although this number is prone to fluctuations as a result of a varied environment from year to year 1 There is approximately six families of bees in Toronto which includes 37 genera and 364 species of bees in Toronto 1 Past published records estimate that there are 25 genera and approximately 200 species of spiders in Toronto 24 of which were introduced to the region 1 However it is estimated that the actual number of species that exist in the city is approximately three times larger 1 The following insects may be found throughout the City of Toronto including citation needed Alderfly Ants Apoidea Bees Hornet Wasp Barklice Beetles Caddisfly Common walkingstick Dusky cockroach Common earwig note 2 Fishflies Dark fishfly Spring fishfly Flies Lacewings Brown lacewing Green lacewing Lepidoptera Butterflies Moth Mayfly Odonata Damselflies Dragonflies Orthoptera Ensifera Grasshopper Scorpionfly Stonefly Praying mantisSee also edit nbsp Animals portal nbsp Canada portalFauna of Canada List of Toronto parks Native trees in Toronto Toronto and Region Conservation AuthorityNotes edit a b The following does not include humans animals held in captivity like the Toronto Zoo or domesticated animals such as pets and livestock a b c d e f g h i j k l Non native species References edit a b c d e f g h i j k Wild Connected and Diverse A Biodiversity Strategy for Toronto PDF www toronto ca City of Toronto September 2019 pp 22 23 Loop Trail Connecting and Protecting Toronto s Ravines www evergreen ca Evergreen 29 January 2020 Retrieved 14 January 2021 Mammals of Toronto PDF City of Toronto 2012 p 11 Retrieved 17 January 2023 Snapping Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Eastern Gartersnake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 DeKay s Brownsnake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Milksnake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Red bellied snake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Northern watersnake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Smooth Greensnake Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Gray Treefrog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Spring Peeper Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Western Chorus Frog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Eastern Musk Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Eastern Red backed Salamander Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Spotted Salamander Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Blanding s Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Midland Painted Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Northern Map Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Robinson Michael 24 June 2015 Turtles face a threat from one of their own red eared invaders Toronto Star Torstar Corporation Retrieved 16 September 2018 Spotted Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Wood Turtle Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Mudpuppy Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 American Bullfrog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Green Frog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Northern Leopard Frog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Wood Frog Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 Red spotted salmander Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 American Toad Ontario Nature 2018 Retrieved 12 September 2018 a b c Checklist of the Birds of the Greater Toronto Area 2011 PDF Birds of Toronto A guide to their remarkable world City of Toronto 2011 pp 46 47 Retrieved 25 August 2018 Mute swan Canada goose Toronto Waterfront City of Toronto 2018 Retrieved 28 May 2018 Fishes of Toronto PDF City of Toronto 2011 Retrieved 26 May 2018 Existing conditions fish and other species Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2018 a b Checklist of the Mammals of Toronto PDF Mammals of Toronto City of Toronto 2012 Retrieved 2 June 2018 External links editWildlife in the City Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fauna of Toronto amp oldid 1188236484, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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