Ethnic origins of people in Canada
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According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians.[2] The major panethnic origin groups in Canada are: European (52.5%), North American (22.9%), Asian (19.3%), North American Indigenous (6.1%), African (3.8%), Latin, Central and South American (2.5%), Caribbean (2.1%), Oceanian (0.3%), and Other (6%).[2][3] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.[2][a]
Canadian English French Scottish German | Italian First Nations Ukrainian Indian Inuit |
100,000+ | 50,000–99,999 | 20,000–49,999 | 10,000–19,999 |
The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian[b] (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), Indian (3.7 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).[7][3]
Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being white, representing 69.8 percent of the population.[2][8] The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.[9] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[8][c] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).[2]
Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4 percent.[11] In 1961, less than two percent of Canada's population (about 300,000 people) were members of visible minority groups.[12] The 2021 census indicated that 8.3 million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0 percent) of the population reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canada—above the 1921 census previous record of 22.3 percent.[13] In 2021, India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada.[14]
Statistics Canada report on race and ethnicity in Canada in 2022 edit
The 2020 General Social Survey revealed that 92% of adult Canadians said that "[ethnic] diversity is a Canadian value".[15] About 25% of Canadians were "racialized";[2] By 2021, 23% of the Canadian population were immigrants—the "largest proportion since Confederation", according to Statistics Canada.[15][16] Prior to the early 1970s, most new Canadians came from Europe. Since then, more immigrants have come from Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.[15] In 2021, most immigrants came from Asia, which includes the Middle East.[15] About 25% of Canadians were "racialized";[2] By 2021, almost 5% of Canadians self-identify as Muslim.[2][16] Almost a million Canadians self-identified as Indigenous.[16]
Data collection method edit
Listed below are the ethnic groups of Canadian residents (citizens, landed immigrants and non-citizen temporary residents) as self-identified in the 2016 census in which approximately 35,151,000 census forms were completed). The relevant census question asked for "the ethnic or cultural origins" of the respondent's ancestors and not the respondents themselves. As data were collected by self-declaration, ethnic groups may not necessarily correspond to the true ancestry of respondents.[17] Many respondents acknowledged multiple ancestries. These people were added to the "multiple origin" total for each origin listed. These include responses as varied as a respondent who listed eight different origins and a respondent who answered "French Canadian" (leading to them being counted once for "French" and once for "Canadian"). As with all self-reported data, understanding of the question may have varied from respondent to respondent.
Larger ethnic origins (200,000 or more individuals per group; 2016 census) edit
Canadian/Canadien English Irish Scottish French German Chinese Indian Ukrainian | Métis Acadian Mennonite Inuit Cree Ojibway Dene Heiltsuk |
100,000+ | 50,000–99,999 | 20,000–49,999 | 10,000–19,999 |
| Ethnicity[19] | Combined responses[19] | As single response[19] | One of multiple responses[19] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canadian[b] | 11,135,965 | 6,436,940 | 4,699,030 |
| English | 6,320,085 | 1,098,930 | 5,221,150 |
| Scottish | 4,799,010 | 475,575 | 4,323,430 |
| French | 4,670,595 | 1,006,180 | 3,664,415 |
| Irish | 4,627,000 | 457,905 | 4,169,095 |
| German | 3,322,405 | 569,650 | 2,752,750 |
| Chinese | 1,769,195 | 1,439,980 | 329,215 |
| Italian | 1,587,970 | 695,420 | 892,550 |
| First Nations[d] | 1,525,565 | 526,570 | 999,000 |
| Indian | 1,374,710 | 1,096,845 | 277,865 |
| Ukrainian | 1,359,655 | 273,810 | 1,085,845 |
| Dutch | 1,111,655 | 289,675 | 821,980 |
| Polish | 1,106,585 | 264,415 | 842,170 |
| Filipino | 837,130 | 651,390 | 185,740 |
| British Isles, not included elsewhere | 644,695 | 132,830 | 511,865 |
| Russian | 622,445 | 120,165 | 502,280 |
| Métis | 600,000 | 91,255 | 508,740 |
| Portuguese | 482,610 | 264,815 | 217,790 |
| Welsh | 474,805 | 25,190 | 449,615 |
| Norwegian | 463,275 | 35,905 | 427,370 |
| Spanish | 396,460 | 70,330 | 326,130 |
| American | 377,410 | 29,590 | 347,810 |
| Swedish | 349,640 | 21,775 | 327,870 |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | 348,085 | 83,400 | 264,685 |
| Jamaican | 309,485 | 161,495 | 147,995 |
| Greek | 271,405 | 141,580 | 129,830 |
| Vietnamese | 240,615 | 165,385 | 75,225 |
| Romanian | 238,050 | 96,910 | 141,145 |
| Lebanese | 219,555 | 130,590 | 88,965 |
| Pakistani | 215,555 | 156,300 | 59,255 |
| African, not included elsewhere | 212,005 | 76,790 | 135,210 |
| Iranian | 210,405 | 170,755 | 39,650 |
| Danish | 207,470 | 26,985 | 180,485 |
| Austrian | 207,050 | 20,225 | 186,820 |
Smaller ethnic origins (2016 census) edit
| Ethnicity[19] | Combined responses[19] | As single response[19] | One of multiple responses per respondent[19] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Korean | 198,210 | 177,920 | 20,285 |
| Québécois | 194,555 | 119,985 | 74,575 |
| Belgian | 186,665 | 31,765 | 154,895 |
| Haitian | 165,100 | 125,780 | 39,320 |
| Swiss | 155,120 | 25,235 | 129,885 |
| Sri Lankan | 152,590 | 114,120 | 38,475 |
| Jewish | 143,660 | 39,710 | 103,950 |
| Finnish | 143,645 | 25,875 | 117,765 |
| Croatian | 133,965 | 55,595 | 78,370 |
| Mexican | 128,480 | 54,300 | 74,180 |
| Japanese | 121,485 | 56,725 | 64,760 |
| Acadian | 119,670 | 22,980 | 96,690 |
| Punjabi, not included elsewhere | 118,400 | 71,535 | 46,860 |
| Arab, not included elsewhere | 111,405 | 73,330 | 38,070 |
| Czech | 104,585 | 23,250 | 81,330 |
| Moroccan | 103,945 | 72,625 | 31,320 |
| Icelandic | 101,795 | 8,630 | 93,165 |
| Egyptian | 99,140 | 62,910 | 36,230 |
| Serbian | 96,535 | 52,730 | 43,800 |
| Colombian | 96,325 | 69,040 | 27,285 |
| Guyanese | 84,275 | 30,825 | 53,445 |
| Afghan | 83,995 | 70,240 | 13,755 |
| Inuit | 79,130 | 44,760 | 34,37 |
| Trinidadian/Tobagonian | 78,965 | 23,900 | 55,065 |
| Syrian | 77,050 | 43,685 | 33,36 |
| South Asian, not included elsewhere | 76,400 | 55,445 | 20,955 |
| Slovak | 72,290 | 20,475 | 51,815 |
| Iraqi | 70,925 | 54,555 | 16,365 |
| West Indian | 70,275 | 30,260 | 40,010 |
| European, not included elsewhere | 67,895 | 33,360 | 34,53 |
| Algerian | 67,330 | 49,520 | 17,810 |
| Salvadorean | 66,215 | 40,510 | 25,705 |
| Turk | 63,955 | 29,885 | 34,070 |
| Armenian | 63,810 | 34,560 | 29,250 |
| Somali | 62,550 | 54,750 | 7,790 |
| Lithuanian | 59,285 | 11,185 | 48,095 |
| Scandinavian, not included elsewhere | 52,785 | 5,085 | 47,695 |
| Nigerian | 51,835 | 38,165 | 13,670 |
| Tamil not included elsewhere | 48,670 | 22,145 | 26,525 |
| Bangladeshi | 58,735 | 45,945 | 39,255 |
| Chilean | 45,190 | 18,685 | 26,510 |
| Palestinian | 44,820 | 25,195 | 19,630 |
| Ethiopian | 44,060 | 34,260 | 9,805 |
| Macedonian | 43,110 | 18,405 | 24,705 |
| Australian | 42,315 | 4,520 | 37,800 |
| Peruvian | 42,145 | 20,645 | 21,500 |
| Maltese | 41,915 | 12,820 | 29,100 |
| South African | 41,380 | 8,005 | 33,37 |
| Czechoslovakian, not otherwise specified | 40,715 | 5,075 | 35,640 |
| Slovenian | 40,470 | 13,690 | 26,78 |
| Cambodian | 38,490 | 21,445 | 17,045 |
| Yugoslav not included elsewhere | 38,480 | 8,570 | 29,91 |
| Congolese | 38,370 | 29,675 | 8,685 |
| Barbadian | 37,775 | 11,605 | 26,170 |
| Berber | 37,060 | 22,965 | 14,100 |
| Brazilian | 36,830 | 11,035 | 25,795 |
| Taiwanese | 36,515 | 23,260 | 13,250 |
| Albanian | 36,185 | 28,425 | 7,760 |
| Ghanaian | 35,495 | 26,535 | 8,960 |
| Bulgarian | 34,560 | 19,965 | 14,595 |
| Latvian | 30,725 | 7,040 | 23,685 |
| Black | 30,385 | 5,535 | 24,855 |
| Cuban | 29,065 | 10,040 | 19,030 |
| Israeli | 28,740 | 6,450 | 22,280 |
| Latin, Central or South American, not included elsewhere | 28,455 | 14,295 | 14,155 |
| Caribbean, not included elsewhere | 26,830 | 8,930 | 17,900 |
| Bosnian | 26,740 | 15,610 | 11,125 |
| Venezuelan | 26,345 | 10,305 | 16,040 |
| Guatemalan | 26,270 | 13,905 | 12,370 |
| Tunisian | 25,650 | 17,620 | 8,030 |
| Ecuadorian | 25,410 | 13,925 | 11,485 |
| West Asian, not included elsewhere | 25,285 | 13,430 | 11,855 |
| Eritrean | 25,255 | 20,625 | 4,630 |
| Cameroonian | 24,615 | 20,605 | 4,010 |
| Laotian | 24,580 | 13,375 | 11,205 |
| Estonian | 24,530 | 6,155 | 18,375 |
| Dominican | 23,130 | 9,930 | 13,200 |
| Bengali | 22,905 | 18,435 | 4,470 |
| Asian, not otherwise specified | 22,740 | 15,760 | 6,980 |
| Aboriginal from Central/South America | 22,720 | 2,080 | 20,645 |
| Newfoundlander | 22,215 | 4,895 | 17,325 |
| Indonesian | 21,395 | 4,775 | 16,615 |
| Belorusian | 20,710 | 5,125 | 15,585 |
| Argentinian | 20,680 | 4,165 | 16,510 |
| Eastern European, not included elsewhere | 20,420 | 5,875 | 14,545 |
| Sudanese | 19,960 | 15,250 | 4,710 |
| Fijian | 19,370 | 8,270 | 11,105 |
| Thai | 19,005 | 7,740 | 11,265 |
| Grenadian | 17,915 | 7,515 | 10,400 |
| Vincentian/Grenadinian | 17,425 | 7,245 | 10,180 |
| East African | 17,305 | 7,220 | 10,085 |
| Nepali | 17,135 | 13,695 | 3,440 |
| Malaysian | 16,920 | 2,555 | 14,365 |
| Kurdish | 16,320 | 10,470 | 5,845 |
| New Zealander | 15,395 | 1,300 | 14,095 |
| Central and West African origins, not included elsewhere | 15,380 | 7,800 | 7,585 |
| Moldovan | 14,915 | 7,415 | 7,505 |
| Jordanian | 14,250 | 7,955 | 6,295 |
| Assyrian | 13,830 | 8,870 | 4,960 |
| Nicaraguan | 13,705 | 6,360 | 7,350 |
| Breton | 11,845 | 3,230 | 8,615 |
| Flemish | 11,685 | 1,485 | 10,200 |
| Hispanic | 11,050 | 5,660 | 5,395 |
| Burundian | 10,990 | 8,965 | 2,025 |
| Ivoirean | 10,935 | 7,795 | 3,140 |
| Kenyan | 10,915 | 5,445 | 5,465 |
| Rwandan | 10,775 | 8,080 | 2,690 |
| Honduran | 10,650 | 5,325 | 5,325 |
| Senegalese | 10,175 | 6,490 | 3,685 |
| Yoruba | 9,585 | 6,870 | 2,715 |
| Burmese | 9,335 | 4,660 | 4,675 |
| Mauritanian | 9,325 | 3,520 | 5,805 |
| St. Lucian | 8,985 | 4,040 | 4,945 |
| Gujarati | 8,350 | 5,290 | 3,060 |
| Zimbabwean | 8,090 | 4,945 | 3,140 |
| Tibetan | 8,040 | 7,015 | 1,030 |
| Libyan | 7,745 | 5,755 | 1,985 |
| Mongolian | 7,480 | 2,555 | 4,925 |
| Sinhalese | 7,285 | 4,355 | 2,930 |
| Guinean | 7,240 | 4,705 | 2,540 |
| Basque | 6,970 | 715 | 6,250 |
| Sicilian | 6,940 | 1,345 | 5,600 |
| Saudi Arabian | 6,810 | 4,200 | 2,615 |
| Uruguayan | 6,795 | 1,810 | 4,985 |
| Yemeni | 6,640 | 2,940 | 3,700 |
| East or Southeast Asian, not included elsewhere | 6,505 | 4,235 | 2,270 |
| Azerbaijani | 6,425 | 2,280 | 4,145 |
| Maya | 6,290 | 1,180 | 5,105 |
| Manx | 6,125 | 285 | 5,845 |
| North African, not included elsewhere | 6,115 | 2,905 | 3,210 |
| Goan | 6,070 | 2,040 | 4,030 |
| Ugandan | 5,705 | 3,245 | 2,460 |
| Cypriot | 5,650 | 1,265 | 4,385 |
| Costa Rican | 5,535 | 2,140 | 3,395 |
| Igbo | 5,320 | 3,475 | 1,845 |
| Togolese | 5,300 | 3,095 | 2,205 |
| Bolivian | 5,055 | 1,890 | 3,160 |
| Beninese | 4,990 | 2,650 | 2,340 |
| Slavic, not otherwise specified | 4,870 | 1,470 | 3,400 |
| Tatar | 4,825 | 880 | 3,940 |
| Pashtun | 4,810 | 2,245 | 2,565 |
| Georgian | 4,775 | 1,900 | 2,875 |
| Yakut | 4,761 | 1,886 | 2,875 |
| Tanzanian | 4,710 | 1,835 | 2,875 |
| Panamanian | 4,700 | 1,090 | 3,610 |
| Roma (Gypsy) | 4,630 | 745 | 3,895 |
| Frisian | 4,590 | 795 | 3,790 |
| Karen | 4,515 | 3,835 | 680 |
| Antiguan | 4,505 | 1,275 | 3,225 |
| Malagasy | 4,500 | 2,155 | 2,345 |
| Malian | 4,485 | 2,310 | 2,180 |
| Paraguayan | 4,325 | 670 | 3,660 |
| Montenegrin | 4,165 | 915 | 3,245 |
| Bantu, not otherwise specified | 3,965 | 2,315 | 1,645 |
| Uzbek | 3,920 | 1,730 | 2,190 |
| Luxembourger | 3,915 | 440 | 3,475 |
| Bahamian | 3,670 | 810 | 2,860 |
| Bhutanese | 3,600 | 2,440 | 1,160 |
| Channel Islander | 3,590 | 435 | 3,155 |
| Coptic | 3,535 | 1,490 | 2,040 |
| Puerto Rican | 3,410 | 445 | 2,960 |
| Western European origins, not included elsewhere | 3,370 | 840 | 2,530 |
| Oromo | 3,355 | 2,410 | 945 |
| Kazakh | 3,325 | 1,465 | 1,860 |
| Hawaiian | 3,295 | 120 | 3,175 |
| Burkinabe | 3,155 | 1,980 | 1,165 |
| Kashmiri | 3,115 | 1,095 | 2,020 |
| Bermudan | 3,075 | 310 | 2,765 |
| Carib | 3,035 | 130 | 2,905 |
| Angolan | 2,955 | 1,140 | 1,820 |
| Kittitian/Nevisian | 2,920 | 750 | 2,165 |
| Tajik | 2,910 | 1,240 | 1,665 |
| Kosovar | 2,870 | 1,710 | 1,160 |
| Singaporean | 2,850 | 495 | 2,355 |
| Alsatian | 2,800 | 375 | 2,425 |
| Sierra Leonean | 2,620 | 1,580 | 1,040 |
| Maori | 2,500 | 155 | 2,345 |
| Liberian | 2,485 | 1,520 | 965 |
| Peulh | 2,440 | 1,425 | 1,015 |
| Pacific Islands origins, not included elsewhere | 2,335 | 470 | 1,865 |
| Kuwaiti | 2,235 | 1,080 | 1,155 |
| Southern European origins, not included elsewhere | 2,165 | 440 | 1,730 |
| Tigrian | 2,155 | 1,340 | 810 |
| Martinican | 2,005 | 370 | 1,635 |
| Cornish | 1,970 | 120 | 1,855 |
| Akan | 1,955 | 1,235 | 720 |
| Edo | 1,945 | 1,180 | 765 |
| Other North American origins, not included elsewhere | 1,895 | 655 | 1,240 |
| Afrikaner | 1,870 | 280 | 1,595 |
| Zambian | 1,865 | 1,055 | 805 |
| Chadian | 1,845 | 1,185 | 655 |
| Belizean | 1,755 | 250 | 1,505 |
| Corsican | 1,750 | 165 | 1,590 |
| Djiboutian | 1,710 | 980 | 730 |
| Ashanti | 1,585 | 765 | 825 |
| Uighur | 1,555 | 1,010 | 540 |
| Amhara | 1,530 | 710 | 820 |
| Samoan | 1,530 | 150 | 1,375 |
| Hazara | 1,515 | 585 | 930 |
| Arawak | 1,440 | 55 | 1,385 |
| Gabonese | 1,405 | 595 | 820 |
| Seychellois | 1,285 | 575 | 710 |
| Catalan | 1,275 | 200 | 1,075 |
| Maure | 1,190 | 400 | 790 |
| Guadeloupean | 1,130 | 245 | 885 |
| Malinké | 1,120 | 675 | 455 |
| Polynesian, not otherwise specified | 1,105 | 90 | 1,015 |
| Kyrgyz | 1,060 | 580 | 475 |
| Turkmen | 1,040 | 390 | 655 |
| Gambian | 975 | 580 | 395 |
| Zulu | 945 | 285 | 660 |
| Bavarian | 940 | 50 | 890 |
| Montserratian | 935 | 190 | 745 |
| Dinka | 900 | 585 | 320 |
| Ewe | 845 | 320 | 525 |
| Wolof | 835 | 465 | 375 |
| Hmong | 810 | 585 | 220 |
| Harari | 660 | 395 | 265 |
| Chechen | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Evolution from 1871 to 1921 edit
During the fifty-year period beginning from the first census of independent Canada in 1871 until the census of 1921, the national ethnic composition was multicultural, however in the early period was dominated by four origin groups from western and northern Europe: French, English, Irish, and Scottish.[20]: 512 Following the French and British Isles origin groups, Continental European communities were the largest in Canada, and grew fairly rapidly between the 1901 census and the 1921 census.[20]: 512 Nominally small East Asian, South Asian, West Asian, and West African descended communities also existed during this time period.[20]: 512
The ethnic French population, comprising a plurality of the total population from confederation until just prior to the 1921 census, overwhelmingly relied on natural increase for growth, with progeny stemming from early settlers who arrived throughout the 17th and 18th centuries; migration from France had been severely curtailed by the British Empire and early governments of independent Canada. Population growth amongst the French population occurred at relatively high pace, increasing from 1,082,940 persons in 1871 to 2,452,743 persons in 1921.[20]: 512 Despite an increase of nearly 1.5 million persons during this fifty-year period, the French proportion of the total Canadian population dropped slightly, from 31.1 percent, to 27.1 percent.[20]: 512
By contrast, large population increases amongst the three main ethnic groups from the British Isles (English, Irish, and Scottish) occurred through natural increase but relied heavily on high immigration rates that began in the early-mid 19th century dubbed the Great Migration of Canada − this continued through the early 20th century, spurred by record immigration rates during the 1900s and 1910s, when English immigrants formed a majority or plurality of all immigrants to Canada on an annual and decadal basis.
The English population, in particular, grew at a rapid pace, increasing from 705,369 persons in 1871 to 2,545,358 persons in 1921, representing an increase of nearly 2 million persons during the fifty-year period.[20]: 512 During the same time period, the English proportion of the total Canadian population rose from 20.3 percent to 29.0 percent.[20]: 512 The English community experienced massive growth principally during the first two decades of the 20th century as a result of record immigration at the time; during the era, persons of English descent also became the single largest ethnic group in Canada, comprising a plurality of the Canadian population by the 1921 census.[20]: 512
The Irish population, meanwhile, witnessed steady, slowing population growth during the late 19th and early 20th century, with the proportion of the total Canadian population dropping from 24.3 percent in 1871 to 12.6 percent in 1921 and falling from the second-largest ethnic group in Canada from to fourth − principally due to massive immigration flows from England to Canada at the time − despite the population increasing from 846,414 persons to 1,107,803 persons in the fifty-year timeframe.[20]: 512 The largest Irish population increases occurred prior to confederation, spurred by mass immigration during the mid-19th century at the height of the Great Migration of Canada, and was primarily due to The Great Famine and related poor economic conditions in Ireland at the time.
At the turn of the 20th century, overall immigrant proportions from the British Isles to Canada gradually dropped from a majority to a plurality. At the time, the federal government began supplementing increased mass immigration from the British Isles (mainly England) by also permitting large migration flows from continental Europe, especially Germany, Scandinavia, and the Soviet Union. This was primarily as a result of federal policy aimed at settling the Prairies through ethnic block settlements and ultimately led to the highest annual immigration rates in Canadian history since confederation in 1867 that remain unsurpassed in the contemporary era, including 1913 (new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population), 1912 (5.1 percent), 1911 (4.6 percent), 1907 (4.3 percent) and 1910 (4.1 percent).[21][22]
Largely due to increased immigration levels outside of the British Isles, the continental European population grew rapidly during the first two decades of the 20th century − comprising 1,246,151 persons or 14.2 percent as proportion of the total Canadian population by the 1921 census, representing a numerical increase of over 1 million persons from fifty years earlier in 1871, when the continental European population stood at approximately 236,043 persons or 6.8 percent of the total Canadian population.[20]: 512
Broadening the multicultural makeup of Canada, the diversity across the Prairie provinces during the early 20th century was soon dubbed a cultural mosaic by journalist Victoria Hayward in the early 1920s:
"New Canadians, representing many places and widely separated sections of Old Europe, have contributed to the Prairie Provinces a variety in the way of Church Architecture. Cupolas and domes distinctly Eastern, almost Turkish, startle one above the tops of Manitoba maples or the bush of the river banks. These architectural figures of the landscape, apart altogether of their religious significance, are centers where, crossing the threshold on Sundays, one has the opportunity of hearing Swedish music, or the rich, deep chanting of the Russian responses; and of viewing at close hand the artistry that goes to make up the interior appointments of these churches transplanted from the East to the West… It is indeed a mosaic of vast dimensions and great breadth, essayed of the Prairie."[23]
| Ethnic Origin | 1871 [20]: 512 | 1881 [20]: 512 | 1901 [20]: 512 [24]: 370 [25]: 354 | 1911 [20]: 512 [24]: 370 [25]: 354 | 1921 [20]: 512 [25]: 356 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| French | 1,082,940 | 31.09% | 1,298,929 | 30.03% | 1,649,371 | 30.71% | 2,061,719 | 28.61% | 2,452,743 | 27.91% |
| Irish | 846,414 | 24.3% | 957,403 | 22.14% | 988,721 | 18.41% | 1,074,738 | 14.91% | 1,107,803 | 12.61% |
| English | 705,369 | 20.25% | 881,301 | 20.38% | 1,260,899 | 23.47% | 1,871,268 | 25.97% | 2,545,358 | 28.96% |
| Scottish | 549,946 | 15.79% | 699,863 | 16.18% | 800,154 | 14.9% | 1,027,015 | 14.25% | 1,173,625 | 13.35% |
| German | 202,991 | 5.83% | 254,319 | 5.88% | 310,601 | 5.78% | 403,417 | 5.6% | 294,635 | 3.35% |
| Indigenous | 102,358 | 2.94% | 108,547 | 2.51% | 127,941 | 2.38% | 105,611 | 1.47% | 114,083 | 1.3% |
| Dutch | 29,662 | 0.85% | 30,412 | 0.7% | 33,845 | 0.63% | 55,961 | 0.78% | 117,505 | 1.34% |
| African | 21,496 | 0.62% | 21,394 | 0.49% | 17,437 | 0.32% | 16,994 | 0.24% | 18,291 | 0.21% |
| Other British | 7,773 | 0.22% | 9,947 | 0.23% | 13,421 | 0.25% | 26,060 | 0.36% | 41,932 | 0.48% |
| Scandinavian | 1,623 | 0.05% | 5,223 | 0.12% | 31,042 | 0.58% | 112,682 | 1.56% | 167,369 | 1.9% |
| Italian | 1,035 | 0.03% | 1,849 | 0.04% | 10,834 | 0.2% | 45,963 | 0.64% | 66,769 | 0.76% |
| Russian | 607 | 0.02% | 1,227 | 0.03% | 19,825 | 0.37% | 44,376 | 0.62% | 100,064 | 1.14% |
| Jewish | 125 | 0.004% | 667 | 0.02% | 16,131 | 0.3% | 76,199 | 1.06% | 126,196 | 1.44% |
| Chinese | — | — | 4,383 | 0.1% | 17,312 | 0.32% | 27,831 | 0.39% | 39,587 | 0.45% |
| Austrian | — | — | — | — | 10,947 | 0.2% | 44,036 | 0.61% | 107,671 | 1.23% |
| Polish | — | — | — | — | 6,285 | 0.12% | 33,652 | 0.47% | 53,403 | 0.61% |
| Ukrainian | — | — | — | — | 5,682 | 0.11% | 75,432 | 1.05% | 108,721 | 1.24% |
| Japanese | — | — | — | — | 4,738 | 0.09% | 9,067 | 0.13% | 15,868 | 0.18% |
| Swiss | — | — | — | — | 3,866 | 0.07% | 6,626 | 0.09% | 12,837 | 0.15% |
| Belgian | — | — | — | — | 2,994 | 0.06% | 9,664 | 0.13% | 20,234 | 0.23% |
| Finnish | — | — | — | — | 2,502 | 0.05% | 15,500 | 0.22% | 21,494 | 0.24% |
| Syrian− Lebanese− Turkish− Armenian | — | — | — | — | 1,681 | 0.03% | 3,880 | 0.05% | 9,260 | 0.11% |
| Hungarian | — | — | — | — | 1,549 | 0.03% | 11,648 | 0.16% | 13,181 | 0.15% |
| Bulgarian− Romanian | — | — | — | — | 334 | 0.01% | 5,883 | 0.08% | 15,235 | 0.17% |
| Greek | — | — | — | — | 291 | 0.01% | 3,614 | 0.05% | 5,740 | 0.07% |
| Indian | — | — | — | — | 100 | 0.002% | 2,342 | 0.03% | 1,018 | 0.01% |
| Czech− Slovak | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8,840 | 0.1% |
| Yugoslav | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,906 | 0.04% |
| Spanish | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,208 | 0.03% |
| Lithuanian | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,970 | 0.02% |
| Portuguese | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 487 | 0.01% |
| Canada | 3,483,761 | 100% | 4,324,810 | 100% | 5,371,315 | 100% | 7,206,643 | 100% | 8,787,949 | 100% |
Evolution from 1996 to 2016 edit
As regards combined responses, Canadian is the most common ethnic origin (11,113,965) in the 2016 Census (see above). This was also the case in the 2011 NHS (10,563,805),[26] 2006 Census (10,066,290),[27] 2001 Census (11,682,680),[28] and the 1996 Census (8,806,975).[29] Canadian was also the most common single ethnic origin in the 1996 (5,326,995), 2001 (6,748,135), 2006 (5,748,725), 2011 (5,834,535), and 2016 (6,436,940).
| 1996[29] | 2001[28] | 2006[27] | 2011[26] | 2016[30] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. |
| 1 | Canadian | 5,326,995 | 1 | Canadian | 6,748,135 | 1 | Canadian | 5,748,725 | 1 | Canadian | 5,834,535 | 1 | Canadian | 6,436,940 |
| 2 | French | 2,665,250 | 2 | English | 1,479,525 | 2 | English | 1,367,125 | 2 | English | 1,312,570 | 2 | Chinese | 1,439,980 |
| 3 | English | 2,048,275 | 3 | French | 1,060,760 | 3 | French | 1,230,535 | 3 | Chinese | 1,210,945 | 3 | English | 1,098,925 |
| 4 | Chinese | 800,470 | 4 | Chinese | 936,210 | 4 | Chinese | 1,135,365 | 4 | French | 1,165,465 | 4 | Indian | 1,096,850 |
| 5 | Italian | 729,455 | 5 | Italian | 726,275 | 5 | Indian | 780,175 | 5 | Indian | 919,155 | 5 | French | 1,006,180 |
| 6 | German | 726,145 | 6 | German | 705,600 | 6 | Italian | 741,045 | 6 | Italian | 700,845 | 6 | Italian | 695,415 |
| 7 | Scottish | 642,970 | 7 | Scottish | 607,235 | 7 | German | 670,640 | 7 | German | 608,520 | 7 | Filipino | 651,390 |
| 8 | Irish | 504,030 | 8 | Indian | 581,665 | 8 | Scottish | 568,515 | 8 | Scottish | 544,440 | 8 | German | 569,650 |
| 9 | Indian | 438,770 | 9 | Irish | 496,865 | 9 | First Nations | 512,150 | 9 | First Nations | 517,550 | 9 | First Nations | 526,570 |
| 10 | First Nations | 394,555 | 10 | First Nations | 455,805 | 10 | Irish | 491,030 | 10 | Filipino | 506,545 | 10 | Scottish | 475,575 |
| 11 | Ukrainian | 331,680 | 11 | Ukrainian | 326,195 | 11 | Filipino | 321,390 | 11 | Irish | 506,445 | 11 | Irish | 457,905 |
| 12 | Dutch | 313,880 | 12 | Dutch | 316,220 | 12 | Dutch | 303,400 | 12 | Dutch | 297,885 | 12 | Dutch | 289,675 |
| 13 | Polish | 265,930 | 13 | Filipino | 266,140 | 13 | Ukrainian | 300,590 | 13 | Ukrainian | 276,055 | 13 | Ukrainian | 273,810 |
| 14 | Portuguese | 252,640 | 14 | Polish | 260,415 | 14 | Polish | 269,375 | 14 | Polish | 255,135 | 14 | Portuguese | 264,815 |
| 15 | Filipino | 198,420 | 15 | Portuguese | 252,835 | 15 | Portuguese | 262,230 | 15 | Portuguese | 250,320 | 15 | Polish | 264,415 |
| 16 | Jewish | 195,810 | 16 | Jewish | 186,475 | 16 | Greek | 145,250 | 16 | Vietnamese | 157,450 | 16 | Korean | 177,925 |
| 17 | Greek | 144,940 | 17 | Greek | 143,785 | 17 | Korean | 137,790 | 17 | Korean | 154,355 | 17 | Iranian | 170,755 |
| 18 | Jamaican | 128,570 | 18 | Jamaican | 138,180 | 18 | Vietnamese | 136,445 | 18 | Jamaican | 142,870 | 18 | Vietnamese | 165,390 |
| 19 | Vietnamese | 110,390 | 19 | Vietnamese | 119,120 | 19 | Jamaican | 134,320 | 19 | Greek | 141,755 | 19 | Jamaican | 161,495 |
| 20 | Hungarian | 94,185 | 20 | Korean | 95,200 | 20 | Jewish | 134,045 | 20 | Iranian | 131,100 | 20 | Pakistani | 156,300 |
| 1996[29] | 2001[28] | 2006[27] | 2011[26] | 2016[30] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. | # | Ethnic Origin | Pop. |
| 1 | Canadian | 8,806,275 | 1 | Canadian | 11,682,680 | 1 | Canadian | 10,066,290 | 1 | Canadian | 10,563,805 | 1 | Canadian | 11,135,965 |
| 2 | English | 6,832,095 | 2 | English | 5,978,875 | 2 | English | 6,570,015 | 2 | English | 6,509,500 | 2 | English | 6,320,085 |
| 3 | French | 5,597,845 | 3 | French | 4,668,410 | 3 | French | 4,941,210 | 3 | French | 5,065,690 | 3 | Scottish | 4,799,005 |
| 4 | Scottish | 4,260,840 | 4 | Scottish | 4,157,210 | 4 | Scottish | 4,719,850 | 4 | Scottish | 4,714,970 | 4 | French | 4,670,595 |
| 5 | Irish | 3,767,610 | 5 | Irish | 3,822,660 | 5 | Irish | 4,354,155 | 5 | Irish | 4,544,870 | 5 | Irish | 4,627,000 |
| 6 | German | 2,757,140 | 6 | German | 2,742,765 | 6 | German | 3,179,425 | 6 | German | 3,203,330 | 6 | German | 3,322,405 |
| 7 | Italian | 1,207,475 | 7 | Italian | 1,270,370 | 7 | Italian | 1,445,335 | 7 | Italian | 1,488,425 | 7 | Chinese | 1,769,195 |
| 8 | Ukrainian | 1,026,475 | 8 | Chinese | 1,094,700 | 8 | Chinese | 1,346,510 | 8 | Chinese | 1,487,580 | 8 | Italian | 1,587,970 |
| 9 | Chinese | 921,585 | 9 | Ukrainian | 1,071,060 | 9 | North American Indian | 1,253,615 | 9 | First Nations | 1,369,115 | 9 | First Nations | 1,525,570 |
| 10 | Dutch | 916,215 | 10 | North American Indian | 1,000,890 | 10 | Ukrainian | 1,209,085 | 10 | Ukrainian | 1,251,170 | 10 | Indian | 1,374,715 |
| 11 | North American Indian | 867,225 | 11 | Dutch | 923,310 | 11 | Dutch | 1,035,965 | 11 | Indian | 1,165,145 | 11 | Ukrainian | 1,359,655 |
| 12 | Polish | 786,735 | 12 | Polish | 817,085 | 12 | Polish | 984,565 | 12 | Dutch | 1,067,245 | 12 | Dutch | 1,111,655 |
| 13 | Indian | 548,080 | 13 | Indian | 713,330 | 13 | Indian | 962,665 | 13 | Polish | 1,010,705 | 13 | Polish | 1,106,585 |
| 14 | Jewish | 351,705 | 14 | Norwegian | 363,760 | 14 | Russian | 500,600 | 14 | Filipino | 662,600 | 14 | Filipino | 837,135 |
| 15 | Norwegian | 346,310 | 15 | Portuguese | 357,690 | 15 | Welsh | 440,965 | 15 | British Isles, n.i.e. | 576,030 | 15 | British Isles, n.i.e. | 644,695 |
| 16 | Welsh | 338,905 | 16 | Welsh | 350,365 | 16 | Filipino | 436,190 | 16 | Russian | 550,520 | 16 | Russian | 622,445 |
| 17 | Portuguese | 335,110 | 17 | Jewish | 348,605 | 17 | Norwegian | 432,515 | 17 | Welsh | 458,705 | 17 | Métis | 599,995 |
| 18 | Swedish | 278,975 | 18 | Russian | 337,960 | 18 | Portuguese | 410,850 | 18 | Norwegian | 452,705 | 18 | Portuguese | 482,605 |
| 19 | Russian | 272,335 | 19 | Filipino | 327,550 | 19 | Métis | 409,065 | 19 | Métis | 447,655 | 19 | Welsh | 474,805 |
| 20 | Hungarian | 250,525 | 20 | Métis | 307,845 | 20 | British Isles, n.i.e. | 403,915 | 20 | Portuguese | 429,850 | 20 | Norwegian | 463,275 |
Visible minority edit
| Province/territory | South Asian | Chinese | Black | Filipino | Latin American | Arab | Southeast Asian | West Asian | Korean | Japanese | Visible minority, n.i.e. | Multiple visible minorities | Total visible minority population | Total population | Percent visible minority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberta[32] | 230,930 | 158,200 | 129,390 | 166,195 | 55,090 | 56,700 | 43,985 | 20,980 | 21,275 | 12,165 | 9,900 | 28,360 | 933,165 | 3,978,145 | 23.46% |
| British Columbia[33] | 365,705 | 508,480 | 43,500 | 145,025 | 44,115 | 19,840 | 54,920 | 48,695 | 60,495 | 41,230 | 8,760 | 40,465 | 1,381,235 | 4,560,240 | 30.29% |
| Manitoba[34] | 42,060 | 22,540 | 30,335 | 79,815 | 9,895 | 5,030 | 8,565 | 2,695 | 4,375 | 1,850 | 3,195 | 6,485 | 216,850 | 1,240,700 | 17.48% |
| New Brunswick[35] | 2,535 | 3,925 | 7,000 | 1,980 | 1,285 | 2,960 | 1,230 | 730 | 1,685 | 230 | 305 | 675 | 24,535 | 730,710 | 3.36% |
| Newfoundland and Labrador[36] | 2,645 | 2,325 | 2,355 | 1,390 | 635 | 1,375 | 340 | 220 | 80 | 60 | 150 | 255 | 11,810 | 512,250 | 2.31% |
| Northwest Territories[37] | 615 | 300 | 760 | 1,300 | 135 | 100 | 255 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 95 | 90 | 3,960 | 41,135 | 9.63% |
| Nova Scotia[38] | 7,910 | 8,640 | 21,915 | 3,400 | 1,685 | 8,110 | 1,195 | 1,540 | 1,540 | 695 | 630 | 1,395 | 58,650 | 908,340 | 6.46% |
| Nunavut[39] | 115 | 75 | 330 | 230 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 905 | 35,580 | 2.54% |
| Ontario[40] | 1,150,415 | 754,550 | 527,715 | 311,675 | 195,950 | 210,435 | 133,855 | 154,670 | 88,935 | 30,830 | 97,970 | 128,585 | 3,885,585 | 13,242,160 | 29.34% |
| Prince Edward Island[41] | 920 | 2,570 | 825 | 670 | 255 | 585 | 145 | 215 | 210 | 110 | 55 | 85 | 6,640 | 139,685 | 4.75% |
| Quebec[42] | 90,335 | 99,505 | 319,230 | 34,910 | 133,920 | 213,740 | 62,820 | 32,405 | 8,055 | 4,570 | 9,840 | 23,045 | 1,032,365 | 7,965,450 | 12.96% |
| Saskatchewan[43] | 19,960 | 15,545 | 14,925 | 32,340 | 4,195 | 4,300 | 5,745 | 2,065 | 1,875 | 955 | 1,150 | 2,820 | 115,875 | 1,070,560 | 10.82% |
| Yukon[44] | 500 | 415 | 270 | 1,190 | 130 | 10 | 180 | 30 | 70 | 65 | 15 | 120 | 3,000 | 35,115 | 8.54% |
| Canada[45] | 1,924,635 | 1,577,060 | 1,198,540 | 780,125 | 447,325 | 523,325 | 313,260 | 264,305 | 188,710 | 92,920 | 132,090 | 232,375 | 7,674,580 | 34,460,065 | 22.27% |
| City | Population | Visible minority | Black | East Asian | Latin American | South Asian | Southeast Asian | West Asian | Arab | Multiracial | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto | 2,731,571 | 51.5% | 8.9% | 13.2% | 2.9% | 12.6% | 7.2% | 2.2% | 1.3% | 1.8% | 1.4% |
| Montreal | 1,704,694 | 34.2% | 10.3% | 3.7% | 4.1% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 0.9% | 7.3% | 0.7% | 0.3% |
| Calgary | 1,239,220 | 36.2% | 4.2% | 8.5% | 2.1% | 9.5% | 7.3% | 1.0% | 2.0% | 1.1% | 0.4% |
| Ottawa | 934,243 | 26.3% | 6.6% | 5.1% | 1.2% | 4.2% | 2.7% | 1.0% | 4.5% | 0.9% | 0.3% |
| Edmonton | 932,546 | 37.1% | 5.9% | 7.3% | 1.9% | 9.5% | 7.7% | 0.7% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 0.4% |
| Mississauga | 721,599 | 57.2% | 6.6% | 8.7% | 2.3% | 23.2% | 7.2% | 1.1% | 5.1% | 1.9% | 1.3% |
| Winnipeg | 705,224 | 28.0% | 3.9% | 3.6% | 1.0% | 5.4% | 11.8% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.4% |
| Vancouver | 631,486 | 51.6% | 1.0% | 30.2% | 1.8% | 6.0% | 8.7% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 0.2% |
| Brampton | 593,638 | 73.3% | 13.9% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 44.3% | 4.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.6% | 2.7% |
| Hamilton | 536,917 | 19.0% | 3.8% | 2.5% | 1.6% | 4.2% | 2.8% | 0.9% | 2.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% |
| Quebec City | 531,902 | 6.4% | 2.4% | 0.5% | 1.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 1.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Surrey | 517,887 | 58.5% | 1.8% | 7.8% | 1.4% | 32.8% | 8.8% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.4% |
| Laval | 422,993 | 26.1% | 7.8% | 1.0% | 3.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.0% | 8.2% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Halifax | 403,131 | 11.4% | 3.8% | 2.2% | 0.3% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.3% | 1.8% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| London | 383,822 | 19.9% | 3.0% | 3.8% | 2.4% | 3.1% | 2.1% | 0.9% | 3.6% | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Markham | 328,966 | 77.9% | 2.9% | 46.8% | 0.5% | 17.8% | 3.8% | 2.4% | 1.0% | 2.1% | 0.9% |
| Vaughan | 306,233 | 35.4% | 2.7% | 8.7% | 2.4% | 10.1% | 5.1% | 2.9% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.8% |
| Gatineau | 276,245 | 13.5% | 6.1% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 3.1% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Longueuil | 239,700 | 18.6% | 7.0% | 1.4% | 3.1% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 3.2% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| Burnaby | 232,755 | 63.6% | 1.6% | 38.9% | 2.0% | 8.1% | 7.7% | 2.2% | 0.7% | 2.1% | 0.3% |
| Saskatoon | 246,376 | 19.8% | 2.2% | 3.6% | 0.8% | 5.5% | 5.4% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% |
| Kitchener | 233,222 | 21.8% | 4.1% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 5.0% | 2.9% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Windsor | 217,188 | 26.9% | 5.0% | 3.6% | 1.2% | 4.5% | 3.0% | 0.6% | 7.5% | 0.9% | 0.6% |
| Regina | 215,106 | 19.2% | 3.0% | 6.2% | 0.6% | 5.9% | 5.2% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Richmond | 198,309 | 76.3% | 0.6% | 55.6% | 0.8% | 7.3% | 7.9% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 2.4% | 0.2% |
| Richmond Hill | 195,022 | 60.0% | 2.0% | 32.5% | 0.8% | 7.7% | 2.7% | 10.4% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 0.4% |
| Oakville | 193,832 | 30.8% | 2.9% | 9.0% | 1.9% | 8.9% | 2.4% | 1.1% | 3.2% | 1.0% | 0.4% |
| Burlington | 183,314 | 16.0% | 2.1% | 2.9% | 1.3% | 4.8% | 2.0% | 0.6% | 1.4% | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Greater Sudbury | 161,531 | 3.8% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
| Sherbrooke | 161,323 | 7.3% | 2.2% | 0.4% | 1.7% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% | 0.0% |
| Oshawa | 159,458 | 16.0% | 5.5% | 2.0% | 0.8% | 3.8% | 1.6% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Saguenay | 145,949 | 1.4% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Lévis | 143,414 | 2.2% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Barrie | 141,434 | 10.3% | 2.7% | 1.8% | 1.1% | 2.2% | 1.4% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| Abbotsford | 141,397 | 33.7% | 1.0% | 3.0% | 0.8% | 25.5% | 2.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.2% |
| St. Catharines | 133,113 | 12.7% | 2.9% | 2.7% | 1.7% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 0.3% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 0.2% |
| Trois-Rivières | 134,413 | 3.5% | 1.4% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Cambridge | 129,920 | 15.6% | 2.5% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 6.2% | 2.1% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| Coquitlam | 139,284 | 50.2% | 1.1% | 29.3% | 1.6% | 4.5% | 5.2% | 5.6% | 1.0% | 1.7% | 0.2% |
| Kingston | 123,798 | 9.7% | 1.5% | 2.7% | 0.7% | 2.0% | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.1% |
| Whitby | 128,377 | 25.3% | 8.0% | 3.1% | 1.1% | 6.6% | 2.4% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 0.9% |
| Guelph | 131,794 | 18.8% | 2.2% | 3.6% | 1.0% | 5.0% | 4.1% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 0.2% |
| Kelowna | 127,380 | 9.5% | 0.8% | 2.9% | 0.6% | 2.6% | 1.6% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Saanich | 114,148 | 22.1% | 1.0% | 10.5% | 0.7% | 5.0% | 3.0% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.2% |
| Ajax | 119,677 | 56.7% | 16.7% | 3.2% | 1.4% | 20.9% | 5.3% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 2.7% |
| Thunder Bay | 107,909 | 4.5% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 0.3% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.0% |
| Terrebonne | 111,575 | 11.8% | 4.5% | 0.4% | 1.7% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 1.7% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
| St. John's | 108,860 | 7.0% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 0.5% | 1.5% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 1.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Langley | 117,285 | 18.7% | 1.0% | 8.0% | 0.9% | 4.4% | 3.0% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| Chatham-Kent | 101,647 | 4.6% | 2.1% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Milton | 110,128 | 42.8% | 4.8% | 3.1% | 2.4% | 21.0% | 4.7% | 0.9% | 3.5% | 1.4% | 0.9% |
| Waterloo | 104,986 | 26.4% | 1.9% | 10.6% | 1.4% | 6.4% | 1.7% | 1.1% | 1.8% | 0.9% | 0.6% |
| Delta | 102,238 | 36.0% | 0.8% | 9.2% | 0.8% | 20.3% | 3.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 0.3% |
| Red Deer | 100,418 | 15.5% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 7.0% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.1% |
Aboriginal population edit
| Group | 1996[47] | 2001[48] | 2006[49] | 2011[50] | 2016[51] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | |
| Total Aboriginal | 2.8% | 799,005 | 3.3% | 976,305 | 3.8% | 1,172,785 | 4.3% | 1,400,685 | 4.9% | 1,673,780 |
| First Nations | 1.8% | 529,040 | 2.1% | 608,850 | 2.2% | 698,025 | 2.6% | 851,560 | 2.8% | 977,230 |
| Métis | 0.7% | 204,115 | 1.0% | 292,305 | 1.2% | 389,780 | 1.4% | 451,795 | 1.7% | 587,545 |
| Inuit | 0.14% | 40,220 | 0.16% | 50,485 | 0.2% | 59,445 | 0.2% | 65,025 | ||
Note: Inuit, other Aboriginal and mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Aboriginal
| Province/territory | Not Aboriginal | First Nations | Métis | Inuit | Aboriginal, n.i.e. | Multiple Aboriginal identities | Total Aboriginal population | Total population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberta[32] | 2,690,960 | 116,670 | 96,870 | 1,985 | 3,300 | 1,870 | 220,695 | 3,567,980 |
| British Columbia[33] | 2,911,295 | 155,020 | 69,475 | 1,570 | 3,745 | 2,480 | 232,290 | 4,324,455 |
| Manitoba[34] | 824,830 | 114,225 | 78,830 | 580 | 1,055 | 1,200 | 195,895 | 1,174,350 |
| New Brunswick[35] | 696,080 | 16,120 | 4,850 | 485 | 1,020 | 150 | 22,620 | 735,835 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador[36] | 464,540 | 19,315 | 7,660 | 6,265 | 2,300 | 260 | 35,800 | 507,270 |
| Northwest Territories[37] | 16,920 | 13,350 | 3,250 | 4,335 | 185 | 45 | 21,160 | 40,800 |
| Nova Scotia[38] | 825,055 | 21,895 | 10,050 | 695 | 980 | 225 | 33,850 | 906,175 |
| Nunavut[39] | 3,825 | 125 | 130 | 27,070 | 15 | 20 | 27,365 | 31,700 |
| Ontario[40] | 9,070,800 | 201,100 | 86,020 | 3,355 | 8,040 | 2,910 | 301,430 | 12,651,795 |
| Prince Edward Island[41] | 130,890 | 1,520 | 410 | 55 | 235 | 0 | 2,230 | 137,380 |
| Quebec[42] | 6,740,375 | 82,425 | 40,960 | 12,570 | 4,415 | 1,545 | 141,915 | 7,732,525 |
| Saskatchewan[43] | 787,745 | 103,205 | 52,450 | 290 | 1,120 | 675 | 157,740 | 1,008,760 |
| Yukon[44] | 23,590 | 6,585 | 845 | 175 | 70 | 25 | 7,705 | 33,320 |
| Canada[45] | 25,186,890 | 851,560 | 451,795 | 59,440 | 26,475 | 11,415 | 1,400,685 | 32,852,325 |
| City | Population | Total Aboriginal | First Nations | Métis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto | 2,576,025 | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.2% |
| Montreal | 1,612,640 | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Calgary | 1,082,235 | 2.7% | 1.2% | 1.4% |
| Ottawa | 867,090 | 2.1% | 1.2% | 0.7% |
| Edmonton | 795,675 | 5.3% | 2.4% | 2.7% |
| Mississauga | 708,725 | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Winnipeg | 649,995 | 11.7% | 5.9% | 6.3% |
| Vancouver | 590,210 | 2.0% | 1.3% | 0.6% |
| Brampton | 521,315 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Hamilton | 509,640 | 2.0% | 1.6% | 0.3% |
| Quebec City | 502,595 | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Surrey | 463,340 | 2.9% | 1.9% | 1.0% |
| Laval | 392,725 | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Halifax | 384,330 | 2.5% | 1.5% | 0.8% |
| London | 360,715 | 1.9% | 1.4% | 0.4% |
| Markham | 300,135 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Vaughan | 286,305 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
| Gatineau | 261,665 | 3.5% | 1.8% | 1.5% |
| Longueuil | 227,970 | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% |
| Burnaby | 220,255 | 1.5% | 0.9% | 0.5% |
| Saskatoon | 218,315 | 10.2% | 4.9% | 4.6% |
| Kitchener | 215,950 | 1.5% | 0.9% | 0.5% |
| Windsor | 208,015 | 2.3% | 1.3% | 0.9% |
| Regina | 189,740 | 9.9% | 5.8% | 3.9% |
| Richmond | 189,305 | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% |
| Richmond Hill | 184,370 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
| Oakville | 180,430 | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Burlington | 173,495 | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| Greater Sudbury | 157,765 | 8.2% | 3.8% | 4.1% |
| Sherbrooke | 150,255 | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| Oshawa | 147,680 | 2.0% | 1.2% | 0.8% |
| Saguenay | 141,335 | 2.5% | 0.8% | 1.6% |
| Lévis | 135,835 | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Barrie | 133,240 | 2.6% | 1.4% | 1.2% |
| Abbotsford | 130,950 | 4.0% | 2.5% | 1.6% |
| St. Catharines | 128,770 | 1.9% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| Trois-Rivières | 126,980 | 1.1% | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Cambridge | 125,060 | 2.0% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| Coquitlam | 125,015 | 2.1% | 1.1% | 0.9% |
| Kingston | 118,930 | 2.9% | 2.0% | 0.8% |
| Whitby | 120,285 | 1.2% | 0.7% | 0.4% |
| Guelph | 120,550 | 1.6% | 1.0% | 0.6% |
| Kelowna | 114,570 | 4.5% | 2.1% | 2.3% |
| Saanich | 107,855 | 2.7% | 1.5% | 1.1% |
| Ajax | 109,220 | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% |
| Thunder Bay | 105,950 | 9.5% | 7.3% | 2.0% |
| Terrebonne | 105,610 | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| St. John's | 103,905 | 2.6% | 1.2% | 0.8% |
| Langley | 103,145 | 3.4% | 1.6% | 1.7% |
| Chatham-Kent | 101,680 | 2.9% | 1.7% | 0.9% |
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ The 2021 census on ethnic or cultural origins, Statistics Canada states: "Given the fluid nature of this concept and the changes made to this question, 2021 Census data on ethnic or cultural origins are not comparable to data from previous censuses and should not be used to measure the growth or decline of the various groups associated with these origins".[2]
- ^ a b All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire.[4] "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage."[5][6]
- ^ Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour".[10]
- ^ The category "North American Indian" includes respondents who indicated that their ethnic origins were from a Canadian First Nation, or another non-Canadian North American aboriginal group (excluding Inuit and Métis).
Source: "How Statistics Canada Identifies Aboriginal Peoples". Statistics Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
References edit
- ^ a b "Population and growth components (1851–2001 Censuses)". Statistics Canada. 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity". Statistics Canada, Government of Canada. The Daily. 26 October 2022b. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Simon, Patrick; Piché, Victor (2013). Accounting for Ethnic and Racial Diversity: The Challenge of Enumeration. Routledge. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-1-317-98108-4.
- ^ Bezanson, Kate; Webber, Michelle (2016). Rethinking Society in the 21st Century (4th ed.). Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 455–456. ISBN 978-1-55130-936-1.
- ^ Edmonston, Barry; Fong, Eric (2011). The Changing Canadian Population. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 294–296. ISBN 978-0-7735-3793-4.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ^ "The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed". Statistics Canada. 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ^ . Statistics Canada. July 25, 2008. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ Pendakur, Krishna. . Simon Fraser University. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ^ "The Daily — Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians". Statistics Canada. 2022-10-26. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ^ "2021 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration". Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. 2022-03-15.
- ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians". The Daily. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ a b c Adams, Michael; Parkin, Andrew (December 31, 2022). "Canadians aren't just adapting to diversity – there's data to show we're embracing it". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Source: . Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 2011-01-16. Additional data: "2006 Census release topics". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ ""Canadian" tops the more than 450 ethnic or cultural origins reported by the population of Canada". Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Seventh census of Canada, 1931 . v. 13. Monographs - unemployment, dependency of youth, rural and urban composition of the Canadian population, racial origins and nativity of the Canadian people". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (17 May 2018). "150 years of immigration in Canada". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013). "Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Retrieved 2022-11-09.
- ^ Day, Richard J.F. (2000). Multiculturalism and the History of Canadian Diversity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 149-150.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Fifth census of Canada 1911 . v. 2. Religions, origins, birthplace, citizenship, literacy and infirmities, by provinces, districts and sub-districts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
- ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . v. 1. Population: number, sex and distribution, racial origins, religions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
- ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-05-08). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables – Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ a b c Government of Canada (2008-04-02). "Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ a b c "English title / Titre en anglais". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1998-02-17). "1996 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-10-25). "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
- ^ "File Not Found". Statistics Canada.
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
- ^ a b Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (15 January 2001). "Census Program". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
- ^ Statistics Canada 2008-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Community Highlights for Canada
- ^ Statistics Canada 2009-04-20 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)
- ^ Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 25, 2017). "Aboriginal Identity (9), Age (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
Further reading edit
- Bumsted, J. M (2003). Canada's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook. Library of Congress (ABC-CLIO). p. 42. ISBN 1-57607-672-5.
The people of Canada.
- Magocsi, Paul R (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples. Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2938-8.
External links edit
- Canada Year Book 2010 – Statistics Canada