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Visible minority

January 19, 2024

Further information: Demographics of Canada § Visible minority population

A visible minority (French: minorité visible) is defined by the Government of Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour".[1] The term is used primarily as a demographic category by Statistics Canada, in connection with that country's Employment Equity policies. The qualifier "visible" was chosen by the Canadian authorities as a way to single out newer immigrant minorities from both Aboriginal Canadians and other "older" minorities distinguishable by language (French vs. English) and religion (Catholics vs. Protestants), which are "invisible" traits.

Percentage of visible minorities by census division (2021 census)

The term visible minority is sometimes used as a euphemism for "non-white". This is incorrect, in that the government definitions differ: Aboriginal people are not considered to be visible minorities, but are not necessarily white either. In some cases, members of "visible minorities" may be visually indistinguishable from the majority population and/or may form a majority-minority population locally (as is the case in Vancouver and Toronto).

Since the reform of Canada's immigration laws in the 1960s, immigration has been primarily of peoples from areas other than Europe, many of whom are visible minorities within Canada. Legally, members of visible minorities are defined by the Canadian Employment Equity Act as "persons, other than Aboriginal people, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour".[2]

Background edit

 
Map of visible minorities in Canada by province, 2016

9,639,200 Canadians identified as a member of a visible minority group in the 2021 Canadian Census, for 26.53% of the total population.[3][4] This was an increase from the 2016 Census, when visible minorities accounted for 22.2% of the total population; from the 2011 Census, when visible minorities accounted for 19.1% of the total population; from the 2006 Census, when the proportion was 16.2%; from 2001, when the proportion was 13.4%; over 1996 (11.2%); over 1991 (9.4%) and 1981 (4.7%). In 1961, the visible minority population was less than 1%.

The increase represents a significant shift in Canada's demographics related to record high immigration since the advent of its multiculturalism policies.

Statistics Canada projects that by 2041, visible minorities will make up 38.2–43.0% of the total Canadian population, compared with 26.5% in 2021.[5][6][3][4] Statistics Canada further projects that among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to make up 42.1–47.3% of Canada's total population, compared to 28.5% in 2021.[5][6][3][4]

As per the 2021 census, of the provinces, British Columbia had the highest proportion of visible minorities, representing 34.4% of its population, followed by Ontario at 34.3%, Alberta at 27.8% and Manitoba at 22.2%.[3][4] Additionally, as of 2021, the largest visible minority group was South Asian Canadians with a population of approximately 2.6 million, representing roughly 7.1% of the country's population, followed by Chinese Canadians (4.7%) and Black Canadians (4.3%).[3][4]

2021 census edit

National average: 26.5%
Source: Canada 2021 Census[7]

  • Note: Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average.

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

2016 census edit

National average: 22.3%
Source: Canada 2016 Census[8]

  • Note: Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average.

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

2011 census edit

National average: 19.1%
Source: Canada 2011 Census[9]

  • Note: Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average.

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

2006 census edit

National average: 16.2%
Source: Canada 2006 Census[10]

  • Note: Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average.

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

2001 census edit

National average: 13.4%
Source: Canada 2001 Census[11]

  • Note: Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average.

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

Visible minority groups edit

Visible minority populations by group (1981–2021)
Visible minority group 2021
 2016
[8]		 2011
[9]		 2006
[10]		 2001
[11]		 1996
[12]		 1991
[13][14]: 11 		 1986
[13][15]: 66 		 1981
[16][13][15]: 64 
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
South Asian 2,571,400 7.08% 1,924,635 5.59% 1,567,400 4.77% 1,262,865 4.04% 917,075 3.09% 670,590 2.35% 505,515 1.87% 300,545 1.2% 223,235 0.93%
Chinese 1,715,770 4.72% 1,577,060 4.58% 1,324,750 4.03% 1,216,565 3.89% 1,029,395 3.47% 860,150 3.02% 626,435 2.32% 390,590 1.56% 299,915 1.25%
Black 1,574,870 4.34% 1,198,540 3.48% 945,665 2.88% 783,795 2.51% 662,215 2.23% 573,860 2.01% 504,290 1.87% 355,385 1.42% 239,455 0.99%
Filipino 957,355 2.64% 780,125 2.26% 619,310 1.89% 410,695 1.31% 308,575 1.04% 234,195 0.82% 169,150 0.63% 102,360 0.41% 75,485 0.31%
Arab 694,015 1.91% 523,235 1.52% 380,620 1.16% 265,550 0.85% 194,685 0.66% — — — — — — — —
Latin American 580,235 1.6% 447,325 1.3% 381,280 1.16% 304,245 0.97% 216,980 0.73% 176,970 0.62% 134,535 0.5% 60,975 0.24% 50,230 0.21%
Southeast Asian 390,340 1.07% 313,260 0.91% 312,075 0.95% 239,935 0.77% 198,880 0.67% 172,765 0.61% 132,415 0.49% 86,945 0.35% 53,910 0.22%
West Asian 360,495 0.99% 264,305 0.77% 206,840 0.63% 156,700 0.5% 109,285 0.37% — — — — — — — —
Korean 218,140 0.6% 188,710 0.55% 161,130 0.49% 141,890 0.45% 100,660 0.34% 64,835 0.23% 45,535 0.17% 29,205 0.12% 22,570 0.09%
Japanese 98,890 0.27% 92,920 0.27% 87,270 0.27% 81,300 0.26% 73,315 0.25% 68,135 0.24% 63,860 0.24% 52,880 0.21% 46,060 0.19%
Arab/West Asian — — — — — — — — — — 244,665 0.86% 289,755 1.07% 149,665 0.6% 112,435 0.47%
Multiple 331,805 0.91% 232,375 0.67% 171,935 0.52% 133,120 0.43% 73,875 0.25% 61,575 0.22% 48,545 0.18% 40,500 0.16% — —
N.I.E. 172,885 0.48% 132,090 0.38% 106,475 0.32% 71,420 0.23% 98,915 0.33% 69,745 0.24% 5,440 0.02% — — — —
Other — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,660 0.03% 8,530 0.04%
Visible minority population 9,639,205 26.53% 7,674,580 22.27% 6,264,750 19.07% 5,068,090 16.22% 3,983,845 13.44% 3,197,480 11.21% 2,525,480 9.36% 1,577,710 6.31% 1,131,825 4.7%
Total responses 36,328,480 98.21% 34,460,065 98.03% 32,852,320 98.13% 31,241,030 98.82% 29,639,030 98.77% 28,528,125 98.9% 26,994,040 98.89% 25,022,010 98.86% 24,083,495 98.93%
Total population 36,991,981 100% 35,151,728 100% 33,476,688 100% 31,612,897 100% 30,007,094 100% 28,846,761 100% 27,296,859 100% 25,309,331 100% 24,343,181 100%

Legislative versus operational definitions edit

According to the Employment Equity Act of 1995, the definition of visible minority is: "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour".[17]

This definition can be traced back to the 1984 Report of the Abella Commission on Equality in Employment. The Commission described the term visible minority as an "ambiguous categorization", but for practical purposes interpreted it to mean "visibly non-white".[18] The Canadian government uses an operational definition by which it identifies the following groups as visible minorities: "Chinese, South Asian, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Southeast Asian, Arab, West Asian, Korean, Japanese, Visible minority, n.i.e. (n.i.e. means "not included elsewhere"), and Multiple visible minority".[19]

If census respondents write-in multiple entries, like "Black and Malaysian", "Black and French" or "South Asian and European", they would be included in the Black[20] or South Asian counts respectively.[21] However, the 2006 Census states that respondents that add a European ethnic response in combination with certain visible minority groups are not counted as visible minorities. They must add another non-European ethnic response to be counted as such:

In contrast, in accordance with employment equity definitions, persons who reported 'Latin American' and 'White,' 'Arab' and 'White,' or 'West Asian' and 'White' have been excluded from the visible minority population. Likewise, persons who reported 'Latin American,' 'Arab' or 'West Asian' and who provided a European write-in response such as 'French' have been excluded from the visible minority population as well. These persons are included in the 'Not a visible minority' category. However, persons who reported 'Latin American,' 'Arab' or 'West Asian' and a non-European write-in response are included in the visible minority population.[22]

The term "non-white" is used in the wording of the Employment Equity Act and in employment equity questionnaires distributed to applicants and employees. This is intended as a shorthand phrase for those who are in the Aboriginal and/or visible minority groups.[23]

Controversy edit

The classification "visible minorities" has attracted controversy, both nationally and from abroad. The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has stated that they have doubts regarding the use of this term since this term may be considered objectionable by certain minorities and recommended an evaluation of this term. In response, the Canadian government made efforts to evaluate how this term is used in Canadian society through commissioning of scholars and open workshops.[24]

Since 2008, census data and media reports have suggested that the "visible minorities" label no longer makes sense in some large Canadian cities, due to immigration trends in recent decades. For example, "visible minorities" comprise the majority of the population in many municipalities across the country, primarily in British Columbia, Ontario, and Alberta.[25]

Yet another criticism of the label concerns the composition of "visible minorities". Critics have noted that the groups comprising "visible minorities" have little in common with each other, as they include both disadvantaged groups and groups who are not economically disadvantaged.[26][27] The concept of visible minority has been cited in demography research as an example of a statistext, meaning a census category that has been contrived for a particular public policy purpose.[28][29] As the term "visible minorities" is seen as creating a racialized group, some advocate for "global majority" as a more appropriate alternative.[30]

Furthermore it is not clear why minority definition should center on the "visual", and the concept of "audible minority" (e.g. those who speak with what appears to the majority to be "accented" English or French) has also been proposed, as speech often forms the basis for prejudice, along with appearance.[citation needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. . Archived from the original on September 26, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census from StatsCan
  3. ^ a b c d e Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  4. ^ a b c d e Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  5. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-09-08). "Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  6. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-09-08). "Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  7. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Visible minority by gender and age: Census subdivisions with a population of 5,000 or more". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
  8. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-10-09). "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables Visible minority (total – population by visible minority), both sexes, age (total), Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities) with 5,000-plus population, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  9. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2018-05-24). "NHS Profile, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  10. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2010-02-17). "Visible minority groups, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities) with 5,000-plus population – 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  11. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-02-12). "Visible Minority Groups, 2001 Counts, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) With 5,000-plus Population – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  12. ^ Statistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
  13. ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-10-25). "Number and proportion of visible minority population in Canada, 1981 to 2036". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  14. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1991 employment equity data highlights". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  15. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Working paper : comparison of 1981 and 1986 census counts on visible minorities in Canada / Wendy Wright". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  16. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 – national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 – série nationale : population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  17. ^ Employment Equity Act (1995, c. 44) Act current to Oct 20th, 2010
  18. ^ Woolley, Frances. "Visible Minorities: Distinctly Canadian". Worthwhile Canadian Initiative. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  19. ^ "Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide," 2006 Census Statcan
  20. ^ "Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census". Statcan. Retrieved June 18, 2023. Respondents who checked 'Black' and wrote-in 'French' or 'Malaysian' are also included in the 'Black' count.
  21. ^ "Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021". Statistics Canada. March 30, 2022. Archived from the original on June 18, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2023. For example, respondents who checked both "South Asian" and "White" are included in the "South Asian" category. In addition, respondents who checked "South Asian" and had a write-in response such as "Swedish" would also be included in the "South Asian" category.
  22. ^ Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census – Catalogue no. 97-562-GWE2006003 Statcan
  23. ^ Mentzer, M. S. (January 2002). "The Canadian experience with employment equity legislation". International Journal of Value-Based Management. 15 (1): 35–50. doi:10.1023/A:1013021402597. ISSN 0895-8815. S2CID 141942497.
  24. ^ "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination" (PDF). United Nations. United Nations: Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  25. ^ Hamilton, Graeme (2008-04-03). "Visible minorities the new majority". National Post. Archived from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  26. ^ Mentzer, Marc S.; John L. Fizel (1992). "Affirmative action and ethnic inequality in Canada: The Impact of the Employment Equity Act of 1986". Ethnic Groups. 9 (4): 203–217. ISSN 0308-6860.
  27. ^ Hum, Derek; Wayne Simpson (2000). "Not all visible minorities face labour market discrimination". Policy Options/Options Politiques. 21 (10): 45–48. ISSN 0226-5893.
  28. ^ Kobayashi, Audrey (1993). "Representing Ethnicity: Political Statistexts". Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World: Science, Politics, and Reality. Washington, DC: Statistics Canada and U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 513–525. ISBN 0-16-042049-0.
  29. ^ Bauder, Harald (2001). "Visible minorities and urban analysis". Canadian Journal of Urban Research. 10 (1): 69–90. ISSN 1188-3774.
  30. ^ Maharaj, Sachin (9 February 2021). "We are not visible minorities; we are the global majority". Toronto Star. Retrieved 26 November 2022.

External links edit

 
Look up visible minority in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Visible minority population and population group reference guide (2006 Census) from Statistics Canada
  • Visible minority population, by census metropolitan areas (2006 Census) from Statistics Canada

January 19, 2024
visible, minority, further, information, demographics, canada, population, visible, minority, french, minorité, visible, defined, government, canada, persons, other, than, aboriginal, peoples, caucasian, race, white, colour, term, used, primarily, demographic,. Further information Demographics of Canada Visible minority population A visible minority French minorite visible is defined by the Government of Canada as persons other than aboriginal peoples who are non Caucasian in race or non white in colour 1 The term is used primarily as a demographic category by Statistics Canada in connection with that country s Employment Equity policies The qualifier visible was chosen by the Canadian authorities as a way to single out newer immigrant minorities from both Aboriginal Canadians and other older minorities distinguishable by language French vs English and religion Catholics vs Protestants which are invisible traits Percentage of visible minorities by census division 2021 census The term visible minority is sometimes used as a euphemism for non white This is incorrect in that the government definitions differ Aboriginal people are not considered to be visible minorities but are not necessarily white either In some cases members of visible minorities may be visually indistinguishable from the majority population and or may form a majority minority population locally as is the case in Vancouver and Toronto Since the reform of Canada s immigration laws in the 1960s immigration has been primarily of peoples from areas other than Europe many of whom are visible minorities within Canada Legally members of visible minorities are defined by the Canadian Employment Equity Act as persons other than Aboriginal people who are non Caucasian in race or non white in colour 2 Contents 1 Background 1 1 2021 census 1 2 2016 census 1 3 2011 census 1 4 2006 census 1 5 2001 census 2 Visible minority groups 3 Legislative versus operational definitions 4 Controversy 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBackground edit nbsp Map of visible minorities in Canada by province 20169 639 200 Canadians identified as a member of a visible minority group in the 2021 Canadian Census for 26 53 of the total population 3 4 This was an increase from the 2016 Census when visible minorities accounted for 22 2 of the total population from the 2011 Census when visible minorities accounted for 19 1 of the total population from the 2006 Census when the proportion was 16 2 from 2001 when the proportion was 13 4 over 1996 11 2 over 1991 9 4 and 1981 4 7 In 1961 the visible minority population was less than 1 The increase represents a significant shift in Canada s demographics related to record high immigration since the advent of its multiculturalism policies Statistics Canada projects that by 2041 visible minorities will make up 38 2 43 0 of the total Canadian population compared with 26 5 in 2021 5 6 3 4 Statistics Canada further projects that among the working age population 15 to 64 years meanwhile visible minorities are projected to make up 42 1 47 3 of Canada s total population compared to 28 5 in 2021 5 6 3 4 As per the 2021 census of the provinces British Columbia had the highest proportion of visible minorities representing 34 4 of its population followed by Ontario at 34 3 Alberta at 27 8 and Manitoba at 22 2 3 4 Additionally as of 2021 the largest visible minority group was South Asian Canadians with a population of approximately 2 6 million representing roughly 7 1 of the country s population followed by Chinese Canadians 4 7 and Black Canadians 4 3 3 4 2021 census edit National average 26 5 Source Canada 2021 Census 7 Note Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average Alberta Brooks 48 5 Edmonton 42 8 Chestermere 42 4 Calgary 41 4 Wood Buffalo 27 3 British Columbia Richmond 80 3 Burnaby 67 8 Greater Vancouver A 67 2 Surrey 67 1 Coquitlam 56 5 Vancouver 54 5 New Westminster 46 8 Delta 45 3 West Vancouver 43 2 Abbotsford 40 2 Port Coquitlam 39 7 North Vancouver city 36 3 Port Moody 32 7 North Vancouver district 29 1 Langley district 26 6 Manitoba Neepawa 53 1 Winnipeg 34 4 Ontario Markham 82 1 Brampton 80 6 Richmond Hill 66 4 Ajax 64 6 Mississauga 61 9 Toronto 55 7 Milton 55 2 Pickering 51 9 Whitchurch Stouffville 46 3 Oakville 42 5 Vaughan 41 3 Aurora 38 9 Whitby 35 4 Waterloo 35 Newmarket 34 9 Windsor 33 6 Ottawa 32 5 Kitchener 31 7 Oshawa 28 9 London 28 7 Quebec Brossard 50 3 Dollard des Ormeaux 43 3 Montreal 38 8 Laval 32 7 Mount Royal 32 3 Kirkland 31 7 Dorval 28 2016 census edit National average 22 3 Source Canada 2016 Census 8 Note Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average Alberta Edmonton 37 1 Brooks 36 8 Calgary 36 2 Chestermere 35 0 Wood Buffalo 26 7 Banff 24 4 British Columbia Richmond 76 3 Burnaby 63 6 Greater Vancouver A 67 3 Surrey 58 5 Vancouver 51 6 Coquitlam 50 2 New Westminster 38 9 West Vancouver 36 4 Delta 36 0 Abbotsford 33 7 Port Coquitlam 32 4 North Vancouver city 31 3 Port Moody 30 5 North Vancouver district 25 6 Manitoba Neepawa 40 7 Winnipeg 28 0 Ontario Markham 77 9 Brampton 73 3 Richmond Hill 60 0 Mississauga 57 2 Ajax 56 7 Toronto 51 5 Pickering 42 9 Milton 42 8 Whitchurch Stouffville 36 9 Vaughan 35 4 Oakville 30 8 Aurora 26 9 Windsor 26 9 Waterloo 26 4 Ottawa 26 3 Newmarket 25 8 Whitby 25 3 Quebec Brossard 42 9 Dollard des Ormeaux 38 8 Montreal 34 2 Laval 26 1 Mount Royal 24 7 Kirkland 24 2 Dorval 23 4 2011 census edit National average 19 1 Source Canada 2011 Census 9 Note Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average Alberta Calgary 30 1 Edmonton 30 0 Chestermere 29 2 Brooks 26 7 Banff 22 2 British Columbia Richmond 70 4 Greater Vancouver A 62 1 Burnaby 59 5 Surrey 52 6 Vancouver 51 8 Coquitlam 43 8 New Westminster 34 8 Delta 30 2 Abbotsford 29 6 North Vancouver city 29 2 Port Moody 28 9 Port Coquitlam 28 5 West Vancouver 28 2 North Vancouver district 22 0 Manitoba Winnipeg 21 4 Ontario Markham 72 3 Brampton 66 4 Mississauga 53 7 Richmond Hill 52 9 Toronto 49 1 Ajax 45 8 Pickering 35 4 Vaughan 31 4 Milton 29 9 Whitchurch Stouffville 24 5 Ottawa 23 7 Windsor 22 9 Oakville 22 8 Waterloo 20 4 Whitby 19 2 Newmarket 19 2 Quebec Brossard 38 3 Dollard des Ormeaux 35 9 Montreal 31 7 Dorval 22 1 Kirkland 20 8 Mount Royal 20 8 Laval 20 7 2006 census edit National average 16 2 Source Canada 2006 Census 10 Note Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average Alberta Calgary 23 7 Edmonton 22 9 Chestermere 17 8 Brooks 17 1 Banff 16 8 British Columbia Richmond 65 1 Burnaby 55 4 Greater Vancouver A 55 2 Vancouver 51 0 Surrey 46 1 Coquitlam 38 6 New Westminster 29 6 Delta 27 0 Abbotsford 26 4 North Vancouver city 26 2 Port Coquitlam 25 7 Port Moody 25 3 West Vancouver 22 8 North Vancouver district 22 2 Manitoba Winnipeg 16 3 Ontario Markham 65 4 Brampton 57 0 Mississauga 49 0 Toronto 46 9 Richmond Hill 45 7 Ajax 35 6 Pickering 30 5 Vaughan 26 6 Windsor 21 0 Ottawa 20 2 Oakville 18 4 Milton 17 1 Whitby 17 0 Waterloo 16 9 Quebec Brossard 34 3 Dollard des Ormeaux 30 9 Montreal 26 0 Mount Royal 19 7 Dorval 19 1 Kirkland 18 7 2001 census edit National average 13 4 Source Canada 2001 Census 11 Note Subdivisions shown below have visible minority populations above the national average Alberta Edmonton 19 7 Calgary 18 7 Banff 17 3 British Columbia Richmond 59 0 Vancouver 49 0 Burnaby 48 6 Greater Vancouver A 43 5 Surrey 36 7 Coquitlam 34 3 New Westminster 24 9 Delta 23 4 North Vancouver city 22 6 Port Coquitlam 22 3 Port Moody 20 7 Abbotsford 20 4 West Vancouver 20 3 North Vancouver district 19 3 Squamish 16 8 Fort St James 14 7 Saanich 13 7 Manitoba Winnipeg 13 4 Ontario Markham 55 5 Toronto 42 8 Richmond Hill 40 4 Mississauga 40 3 Brampton 40 2 Pickering 26 4 Ajax 24 3 Vaughan 19 0 Ottawa 18 0 Windsor 17 2 Waterloo 13 5 Quebec Saint Laurent 38 2 Brossard 27 7 Dollard des Ormeaux 26 0 Pierrefonds 25 8 Montreal Nord 23 5 Montreal 22 7 Saint Leonard 20 8 LaSalle 20 6 Kirkland 17 2 Roxboro 16 6 Mount Royal 15 4 Anjou 15 1 Visible minority groups editVisible minority populations by group 1981 2021 Visible minority group 2021 2016 8 2011 9 2006 10 2001 11 1996 12 1991 13 14 11 1986 13 15 66 1981 16 13 15 64 Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop South Asian 2 571 400 7 08 1 924 635 5 59 1 567 400 4 77 1 262 865 4 04 917 075 3 09 670 590 2 35 505 515 1 87 300 545 1 2 223 235 0 93 Chinese 1 715 770 4 72 1 577 060 4 58 1 324 750 4 03 1 216 565 3 89 1 029 395 3 47 860 150 3 02 626 435 2 32 390 590 1 56 299 915 1 25 Black 1 574 870 4 34 1 198 540 3 48 945 665 2 88 783 795 2 51 662 215 2 23 573 860 2 01 504 290 1 87 355 385 1 42 239 455 0 99 Filipino 957 355 2 64 780 125 2 26 619 310 1 89 410 695 1 31 308 575 1 04 234 195 0 82 169 150 0 63 102 360 0 41 75 485 0 31 Arab 694 015 1 91 523 235 1 52 380 620 1 16 265 550 0 85 194 685 0 66 Latin American 580 235 1 6 447 325 1 3 381 280 1 16 304 245 0 97 216 980 0 73 176 970 0 62 134 535 0 5 60 975 0 24 50 230 0 21 Southeast Asian 390 340 1 07 313 260 0 91 312 075 0 95 239 935 0 77 198 880 0 67 172 765 0 61 132 415 0 49 86 945 0 35 53 910 0 22 West Asian 360 495 0 99 264 305 0 77 206 840 0 63 156 700 0 5 109 285 0 37 Korean 218 140 0 6 188 710 0 55 161 130 0 49 141 890 0 45 100 660 0 34 64 835 0 23 45 535 0 17 29 205 0 12 22 570 0 09 Japanese 98 890 0 27 92 920 0 27 87 270 0 27 81 300 0 26 73 315 0 25 68 135 0 24 63 860 0 24 52 880 0 21 46 060 0 19 Arab West Asian 244 665 0 86 289 755 1 07 149 665 0 6 112 435 0 47 Multiple 331 805 0 91 232 375 0 67 171 935 0 52 133 120 0 43 73 875 0 25 61 575 0 22 48 545 0 18 40 500 0 16 N I E 172 885 0 48 132 090 0 38 106 475 0 32 71 420 0 23 98 915 0 33 69 745 0 24 5 440 0 02 Other 8 660 0 03 8 530 0 04 Visible minority population 9 639 205 26 53 7 674 580 22 27 6 264 750 19 07 5 068 090 16 22 3 983 845 13 44 3 197 480 11 21 2 525 480 9 36 1 577 710 6 31 1 131 825 4 7 Total responses 36 328 480 98 21 34 460 065 98 03 32 852 320 98 13 31 241 030 98 82 29 639 030 98 77 28 528 125 98 9 26 994 040 98 89 25 022 010 98 86 24 083 495 98 93 Total population 36 991 981 100 35 151 728 100 33 476 688 100 31 612 897 100 30 007 094 100 28 846 761 100 27 296 859 100 25 309 331 100 24 343 181 100 Legislative versus operational definitions editAccording to the Employment Equity Act of 1995 the definition of visible minority is persons other than aboriginal peoples who are non Caucasian in race or non white in colour 17 This definition can be traced back to the 1984 Report of the Abella Commission on Equality in Employment The Commission described the term visible minority as an ambiguous categorization but for practical purposes interpreted it to mean visibly non white 18 The Canadian government uses an operational definition by which it identifies the following groups as visible minorities Chinese South Asian Black Filipino Latin American Southeast Asian Arab West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority n i e n i e means not included elsewhere and Multiple visible minority 19 If census respondents write in multiple entries like Black and Malaysian Black and French or South Asian and European they would be included in the Black 20 or South Asian counts respectively 21 However the 2006 Census states that respondents that add a European ethnic response in combination with certain visible minority groups are not counted as visible minorities They must add another non European ethnic response to be counted as such In contrast in accordance with employment equity definitions persons who reported Latin American and White Arab and White or West Asian and White have been excluded from the visible minority population Likewise persons who reported Latin American Arab or West Asian and who provided a European write in response such as French have been excluded from the visible minority population as well These persons are included in the Not a visible minority category However persons who reported Latin American Arab or West Asian and a non European write in response are included in the visible minority population 22 The term non white is used in the wording of the Employment Equity Act and in employment equity questionnaires distributed to applicants and employees This is intended as a shorthand phrase for those who are in the Aboriginal and or visible minority groups 23 Controversy editThe classification visible minorities has attracted controversy both nationally and from abroad The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has stated that they have doubts regarding the use of this term since this term may be considered objectionable by certain minorities and recommended an evaluation of this term In response the Canadian government made efforts to evaluate how this term is used in Canadian society through commissioning of scholars and open workshops 24 Since 2008 census data and media reports have suggested that the visible minorities label no longer makes sense in some large Canadian cities due to immigration trends in recent decades For example visible minorities comprise the majority of the population in many municipalities across the country primarily in British Columbia Ontario and Alberta 25 Yet another criticism of the label concerns the composition of visible minorities Critics have noted that the groups comprising visible minorities have little in common with each other as they include both disadvantaged groups and groups who are not economically disadvantaged 26 27 The concept of visible minority has been cited in demography research as an example of a statistext meaning a census category that has been contrived for a particular public policy purpose 28 29 As the term visible minorities is seen as creating a racialized group some advocate for global majority as a more appropriate alternative 30 Furthermore it is not clear why minority definition should center on the visual and the concept of audible minority e g those who speak with what appears to the majority to be accented English or French has also been proposed as speech often forms the basis for prejudice along with appearance citation needed See also edit nbsp Canada portalAffirmative action Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom Colourism Employment equity Canada Ethnic penalty Invisible disability List of visible minority politicians in Canada Majority minority Minority language Multiculturalism in Canada Race and ethnicity in censuses Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Racialism Racial categorization References edit Canada Government of Canada Statistics Classification of visible minority Archived from the original on September 26 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide 2006 Census from StatsCan a b c d e Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2022 10 26 Visible minority and population group by generation status Canada provinces and territories census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2022 11 06 a b c d e Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2022 10 26 The Canadian census A rich portrait of the country s religious and ethnocultural diversity www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2022 11 06 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2022 09 08 Canada in 2041 A larger more diverse population with greater differences between regions www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2022 11 05 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2022 09 08 Projected population by racialized group generation status and other selected characteristics x 1 000 www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2022 11 05 Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2023 06 21 Visible minority by gender and age Census subdivisions with a population of 5 000 or more www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 08 12 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2017 10 09 Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables Visible minority total population by visible minority both sexes age total Canada and census subdivisions municipalities with 5 000 plus population 2016 Census 25 Sample data www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 08 13 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2018 05 24 NHS Profile 2011 www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 08 13 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2010 02 17 Visible minority groups 2006 counts for Canada provinces and territories and census subdivisions municipalities with 5 000 plus population 20 sample data www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 08 13 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2019 02 12 Visible Minority Groups 2001 Counts for Canada Provinces Territories and Census Subdivisions Municipalities With 5 000 plus Population 20 Sample Data www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 08 13 Statistics Canada Total Population by Visible Minority Population for Canada 1996 Census 20 Sample Data a b c Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2017 10 25 Number and proportion of visible minority population in Canada 1981 to 2036 www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 09 24 Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2013 04 03 1991 employment equity data highlights www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 09 24 a b Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2013 04 03 Working paper comparison of 1981 and 1986 census counts on visible minorities in Canada Wendy Wright www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 09 24 Government of Canada Statistics Canada 2013 04 03 1981 Census of Canada volume 1 national series population Recensement du Canada de 1981 volume 1 serie nationale population www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved 2023 09 24 Employment Equity Act 1995 c 44 Act current to Oct 20th 2010 Woolley Frances Visible Minorities Distinctly Canadian Worthwhile Canadian Initiative Retrieved May 26 2013 Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide 2006 Census Statcan Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide 2006 Census Statcan Retrieved June 18 2023 Respondents who checked Black and wrote in French or Malaysian are also included in the Black count Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide Census of Population 2021 Statistics Canada March 30 2022 Archived from the original on June 18 2023 Retrieved June 18 2023 For example respondents who checked both South Asian and White are included in the South Asian category In addition respondents who checked South Asian and had a write in response such as Swedish would also be included in the South Asian category Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide 2006 Census Catalogue no 97 562 GWE2006003 Statcan Mentzer M S January 2002 The Canadian experience with employment equity legislation International Journal of Value Based Management 15 1 35 50 doi 10 1023 A 1013021402597 ISSN 0895 8815 S2CID 141942497 Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination PDF United Nations United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Retrieved 4 March 2017 Hamilton Graeme 2008 04 03 Visible minorities the new majority National Post Archived from the original on 17 June 2023 Retrieved 2012 05 21 Mentzer Marc S John L Fizel 1992 Affirmative action and ethnic inequality in Canada The Impact of the Employment Equity Act of 1986 Ethnic Groups 9 4 203 217 ISSN 0308 6860 Hum Derek Wayne Simpson 2000 Not all visible minorities face labour market discrimination Policy Options Options Politiques 21 10 45 48 ISSN 0226 5893 Kobayashi Audrey 1993 Representing Ethnicity Political Statistexts Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World Science Politics and Reality Washington DC Statistics Canada and U S Bureau of the Census U S Government Printing Office pp 513 525 ISBN 0 16 042049 0 Bauder Harald 2001 Visible minorities and urban analysis Canadian Journal of Urban Research 10 1 69 90 ISSN 1188 3774 Maharaj Sachin 9 February 2021 We are not visible minorities we are the global majority Toronto Star Retrieved 26 November 2022 External links edit nbsp Look up visible minority in Wiktionary the free dictionary Visible minority population and population group reference guide 2006 Census from Statistics Canada Visible minority population by census metropolitan areas 2006 Census from Statistics Canada Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Visible minority amp oldid 1190931454, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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