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Wikipedia

Automated manual transmission

January 07, 2023

The automated manual transmission (AMT) is a type of transmission for motor vehicles. It is essentially a conventional manual transmission[1][2][3][4][5] but uses automatic actuation to operate the clutch and/or shift between gears.

Mid-2000s BMW SMG-III shifter, with a selector for the shift speed located below the shifter

Many early versions of these transmissions that are semi-automatic in operation, such as Autostick, which automatically control only the clutch — often using various forms of clutch actuation, such as electro-mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or vacuum actuation[6][7] — but still require the driver's manual input and full control to initiate gear changes by hand. These systems that require manual shifting are also referred to as clutchless manual systems.[8] Modern versions of these systems that are fully automatic in operation, such as Selespeed and Easytronic, can control both the clutch operation and the gear shifts automatically, by means of an ECU, therefore requiring no manual intervention or driver input for gear changes.[9][10]

The usage of modern computer-controlled AMTs in passenger cars increased during the mid-1990s, as a more sporting alternative to the traditional hydraulic automatic transmission. During the 2010s, AMTs were largely replaced by the increasingly widespread dual-clutch transmission, but remained popular for smaller cars in Europe and some developing markets, particularly India where it is notably favored over conventional automatic and CVT transmissions.

Design and operation

Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different system to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation,[11][12] electro-mechanical,[13] pneumatic,[6][14][15] electromagnetic,[16][17][18] or even purely electrical by means of an electric motor.

Gear shifting, clutch actuation, shift-timing, and rev-matching are all under automated control via the electronic sensors, computers, and actuators.[13][19] When shifting gears, the driver selects the desired gear with the transmission shift lever, while electronic sensors and actuators connected to a TCU (transmission computer) or microprocessor will automatically operate the clutch and throttle to match revs and to re-engage the clutch in milliseconds. Torque and power transfer to the drive wheels will also be electronically controlled. Most modern implementations of this transmission function in a sequential mode, where the driver can upshift or downshift by only one gear at a time. However, this is not the case for all modern transmissions. For example, BMW's "SMG" and Ferrari's "F1" transmission can skip gears on both downshifts and upshifts, when selecting gears manually via the steering wheel-mounted paddle-shifters, as seen on most modern transmissions. Older clutchless manual transmissions (mostly prior to the 1990s) will retain H-pattern shifters, plus the shift gate, and will require the driver to select the required gear ratios manually. The clutch, however, will be a servo-controlled unit, connected to various actuators, a solenoid and sensors which control the clutch automatically.[20]

Another alternate means of clutch automation is the "clutch-by-wire" system. The system generally uses an electric actuator and electronic sensors, which replace the mechanical clutch linkage or hydraulic clutch connection, to monitor and control clutch positioning, completely replacing the hydraulic linkage between the mechanical clutch and pedal itself with a single electro-mechanical actuator.[21][22][23]

Depending on the mechanical build and design, some (mostly modern) automated manual transmissions will automatically shift gears at appropriate points (like a conventional automatic transmission), while traditional semi-automatic and clutchless manuals require the driver to manually select the gear even when the engine is at redline, since they automate only part of the transmission (namely the clutch), and will not shift gears by themselves.[24] Despite the superficial similarity, automated manual transmissions differ significantly in internal operation and driver's "feel" from a manumatic, the latter of which is an automatic transmission (automatics use a torque converter instead of a clutch like in an automated manual, to manage the mechanical linkage between the transmission and motor) with the ability to override the automatic transmission's computer, and actuate shifts manually.[25]

Add-on AMTs can also function as a regular manual gearbox (with a manual shift lever), whereas integrated AMTs do not need a "normal" shift layout, so they can be designed with an optimized AMT shifting layout (which would have an unusual pattern to manually shift). Integrated AMTs either have gear-selector drums (which allows only serial shifting and no gear-skipping, but this system is fairly inexpensive, because it needs only one actuator), or single actuators. Single-actuator systems require one actuator for each shifting sleeve (which is why this type of system is more expensive, but it also shifts faster). The actuators can either be electro-hydraulic (more expensive, but faster, well-suited for single-actuator systems, and allow for higher torque), or electro-mechanical (less expensive, but usually limited to 250 N·m (184.5 lb-ft) of gearbox input torque). This limit is because the clutch actuation force increases with higher torque, and short shifting times; electro-mechanical actuators are just electric motors – using larger motors reduces the motor dynamics due to the motors' higher mass moment of inertia (which is not good for fast shifting), and bigger motors also put more stress on the car's 12-volt electrical system. As a result, one can have either slow shifting and a very large lead-acid battery (not suitable for cars), or fast shifting and a smaller battery (works up to 250 N·m of torque).

Modern AMTs, such as Suzuki Auto Gear Shift and Dacia/Renault Easy-R, usually operate in conjunction with electronic throttle control to initiate gear shifts based on certain RPM and/or throttle position.

Usage in passenger cars

 
2000-2006 BMW SMG-II shifter

The automated manual transmission has its origins in early clutchless manual transmissions that began to appear on mass-production cars in the 1940s and 1950s. An early example of this transmission was introduced with the Hudson Commodore in 1942, called Drive-Master. This unit was an early semi-automatic transmission, based on the design of a conventional manual transmission which used a servo-controlled vacuum-operated clutch system, with three different gear shifting modes, at the touch of a button; manual shifting and manual clutch operation (fully-manual), manual shifting with automated clutch operation (semi-automatic), and automatic shifting with automatic clutch operation (fully-automatic).[26][7][27]

Another early example is the 1955 Citroën DS, which used a 4-speed "BVH" transmission. This semi-automatic transmission used an automated clutch, which was actuated using hydraulics. Gear selection also used hydraulics, however, the gear ratio needs to be manually selected by the driver. The 1956 Renault Dauphine 3-speed manual transmission was available with an optional Ferlec automated clutch, which used an electromagnetically-operated clutch system.[28][29] Other clutchless manual transmissions included the 1967 NSU Ro 80 (3-speed Fichtel & Sachs)[20] and 1967 Porsche 911 (4-speed Sportomatic), both of which used vacuum-actuated clutches and hydraulic torque converters. The 1968 Volkswagen Beetle and Volkswagen Karmann Ghia offered a 3-speed Autostick transmission, which used an electric switch on the gear shifter connected to a solenoid, to operate the electro-pneumatic vacuum clutch servo.[30][31]

In 1963, Renault switched from the automated clutch to a fully-automatic 3-speed Jager transmission, which consisted of an electro-mechanical control unit that operated both the clutch and shifting, effectively making it one of the earliest automated manual transmissions.[32][33][34] The Jager transmission was controlled via dash-mounted electronic push-buttons.[35]

The Isuzu NAVi5 5-speed automatic transmission was introduced in the 1984 Isuzu Aska mid-size sedan (sold in the Japanese domestic market only). This transmission, originally designed for trucks, was based on a manual transmission with the addition of hydraulic actuators for the gear shifter and the clutch. Initial versions did not allow direct selection of gear ratios, instead allowing drivers only to lock out higher gears (as per many traditional automatic transmissions). Later versions added a manual mode, allowing the driver to control the gear selection.

Several companies owned by Fiat S.p.A. were influential in the development of automated manual transmissions. Ferrari's involvement with automated manual transmission began with the 7-speed semi-automatic paddle-shift transmission used in the 1989 Ferrari 640 Formula One racing car. In 1992, the Ferrari Mondial T introduced the option of a "Valeo" 5-speed semi-automatic transmission.[36] This transmission used an electro-mechanical actuator to automatically operate the clutch,[37] while the gearshift mechanism was a standard H-pattern shifter operated as per normal transmissions.[38] In 1997, the Ferrari F355 became available with an "F1" 6-speed transmission, which uses paddle-shifters located behind the steering wheel or can be driven in a fully-automatic mode.[39] The F355's successors offered similar transmissions,[40] until the company switched to a dual-clutch transmission for the Ferrari 458 in 2009.

 
Ferrari F430 F1 steering wheel with paddle-shifters

Sister company Alfa Romeo introduced the related Selespeed 5-speed automatic transmission for the Alfa Romeo 156 in 1999.[41][42] This was followed by Maserati's 2001 introduction of the related Cambiocorsa 6-speed automatic transmission in the Maserati Coupé.[43] Selespeed was also used in the Fiat Punto and Stilo models.

BMW's involvement with automated manual transmissions began in 1993, when the "Shift-tronic" 6-speed semi-automatic was offered on the Alpina B12 coupe (based on the E31 850CSi).[44][45] Using an automated clutch paired to a standard H-pattern shifter (as per the Ferrari Mondial T), the transmission was supplied by LuK and fitted to less than 40 cars.[46] Mass-production of automated manual transmissions began for BMW in 1997 with the introduction of the "SMG" 6-speed automatic transmission in the BMW E36 M3 coupe.[47] Although the name "SMG" was an abbreviation of "Sequential Manual Gearbox", the transmission internal were as per a typical (synchromesh-equipped) manual transmission, not a true sequential manual transmission. The SMG was replaced by the SMG-II when the E46 M3 was introduced in 2000.[48] BMW's final AMT (before being replaced by a dual-clutch transmission) was the 7-speed SMG-III used in the 2004-2010 BMW E60 M5 and related BMW E63 M6. The SMG-III could achieve a shift time of 65 milliseconds in its most aggressive mode[49]

From 2002 to 2007, the Toyota MR2 (3rd generation) was available with an "SMT" 6-speed automated manual transmission. The SMT system utilized an electro-hydraulic activation system for both the clutch and shifting, but no H-pattern shifter like with the standard transmission. Instead, there was a shift lever that could be pulled and pushed forward or backward to upshift and downshift, as well as the addition of electronic steering-wheel-mounted shift buttons.

Brands within the Volkswagen Group have typically used dual-clutch transmissions instead of automated manual transmissions, however a 6-speed "E-gear" automated manual transmission was introduced for the 2004 Lamborghini Murciélago.[50] and Lamborghini Gallardo.[51][52] The E-gear was used on the successors to the Murciélago and Gallardo, and it was also available on the 2007-2012 Audi R8 (Type 42), marketed as the "R-tronic" transmission.[53][54][55]

Applications

Year of
introduction		 Manufacturer Transmission Name Model(s)
1996 Alfa Romeo Selespeed 156, 147, GT, 159, Brera, Spider
2007 Q-Select 8C Competizione / 8C Spider
2001 Aston Martin SSM Vanquish
2005 Sportshift Vantage (2005)
2009 - One-77[56]
2020 - Valkyrie
1999 Audi - A2
2006 Audi R-Tronic R8 (Type 42)[57][58]
1997 BMW SMG E36 M3[59]
2000 SMG-II E46 M3, E46 3 Series, E85 Z4, E60 5 Series, E63 6 Series
2004 SMG-III E60 M5, E63 M6[60]
2003 Chery - QQ3,
2009 - M1
1955 Citroën BVH DS[61]
1976 C-Matic CX, GS[62]
2004 EGS C1, C4
2003 Sensodrive C2, C3
2011 - DS5
2016 - C6 (China)
2015 Dacia Easy-R Logan, Sandero, Duster
2017 Dallara - Stradale
1993 Fiat Selespeed Punto, Stilo, Grande Punto
1995 Dualogic Bravo, Idea, Palio, Punto, Siena, Uno, Panda, 500L, Doblò, Linea
1997 Citymatic Seicento
2007 Comfort-Matic Fiorino
2018 GSR Argo, Cronos, Mobi
1988 Ferrari Valeo Mondial T
1994 F1 355 F1, 360, 575M Maranello, Enzo, 612 Scaglietti, F430, FXX, 599
2004 Ford Europe Durashift EST Fusion, Fiesta, Transit
2010 Honda I-SHIFT Civic, Jazz
1942 Hudson Drive-Master Commodore
1950 Supermatic Commodore[63][64]
2018 Hyundai Smart Auto AMT[65] i10, Aura, Santro
2020 iMT Venue,[66] i20
1984 Isuzu NAVi5 Aska, Gemini
2020 Kia iMT Sonet
2007 LADA (AvtoVAZ) - Priora
2015 - Xray, Vesta
2004 Lamborghini e-gear Murciélago, Gallardo, Reventón, Sesto Elemento
2011 ISR Aventador, Veneno, Centenario, Sián, Countach LPI 800-4
2004 Lancia DFN Musa, Ypsilon
2004 Maxus (LDV) - Maxus V80, Maxus V90
2010 Lexus ASG LFA
2015 Mahindra Autoshift TUV300
2019 - XUV300
2001 Maserati Cambiocorsa Coupé and Spyder, MC12
2003 DuoSelect Quattroporte V
2007 MC-Shift GranTurismo
1997 Mercedes-Benz - A-Class
2021 Mercedes-AMG - ONE
2004 Mitsubishi AllShift Colt
1967 NSU - Ro 80
1999 Pagani - Zonda
2011 - Huayra
2005 Peugeot 2-Tronic 107, 1007
2014 Polaris AutoDrive Slingshot
1967 Porsche Sportomatic 911[67][68]
2005 Proton AMT Savvy
1956 Renault - Dauphine
2001 Quickshift Modus, Twingo
2015 Easy-R Kwid, Symbol III, Triber
1994 Saab Sensonic 900 NG[69][70][71][72][4]
2012 SEAT ASG Mii
2011 ŠKODA ASG Citigo
1998 Smart Softouch Fortwo, Forfour, Roadster
2013 Spania - GTA Spano
2004 SSC North America - Ultimate Aero
2020 - Tuatara
2014 Suzuki/Maruti AGS Celerio
2017 AGS Swift Dzire, Ignis
2004 - Swift
2014 - Alto, Wagon R (India, Pakistan & Indonesia)
2008 Tata Motors Easy Shift Nano
2017 Hyprdrive SSG Nexon, Tiago, Tigor
1999 Toyota SMT MR2 (W30)
2005 MMT Aygo, Yaris, Corolla, Corolla Verso, Mark X, Auris[73]
1965 VEB Sachsenring Hycomat Trabant 601
2004 Opel/Vauxhall Easytronic Corsa, Tigra, Meriva, Astra, Zafira, Vectra, Adam
1968 Volkswagen Autostick Beetle, Karmann Ghia[74][75]
1998 - Lupo
2009 I-Motion Gol, Voyage
2011 ASG Up, Fox
2009 Zenvo - ST1

Usage in semi-trucks / tractors

  • Volvo I-Shift: an automated manual transmission; introduced in 2001 and used in trucks and buses. This system is an add-on for the conventional unsynchronized manual transmission.[76]
  • ZF AS Tronic: an automated manual transmission; introduced in 2003, and used in trucks, buses, and coaches.
  • Eaton AutoShift: introduced in the early 2000s as an add-on to traditional non-synchromesh manual transmission for heavy trucks.[77]
  • Isuzu Smoother: Successor of the Japan-only NAVi5, primarily aimed at developing markets.
  • Mack mDRIVE and mDRIVE HD: an automated manual transmission with synchronizers; introduced in 2010, and used in Mack semi-trucks.
  • Renault Optidriver: an automated manual transmission; introduced in 2004, and used in Renault heavy-duty commercial semi-trucks.
  • Daimler Trucks DT12: an automated manual transmission; introduced in 2012, and used in the Freightliner Cascadia semi-truck, and the Western Star 49X line of commercial semi-, crane, and dump trucks.
  • Mercedes-Benz PowerShift: A non-synchronous automated manual transmission, used in Mercedes-Benz heavy-duty semi-trucks.
  • UD Trucks ESCOT: An add-on for non-synchronized and synchronized manual transmission; introduced in 1995. Six different versions of this transmission have been made: ESCOT, ESCOT-II, ESCOT-III, ESCOT-IV, ESCOT-V, and ESCOT-VI. Used in UD Trucks' range of commercial vehicles.[78][79]

See also

References

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January 07, 2023
automated, manual, transmission, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, too. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The automated manual transmission AMT is a type of transmission for motor vehicles It is essentially a conventional manual transmission 1 2 3 4 5 but uses automatic actuation to operate the clutch and or shift between gears Mid 2000s BMW SMG III shifter with a selector for the shift speed located below the shifter Many early versions of these transmissions that are semi automatic in operation such as Autostick which automatically control only the clutch often using various forms of clutch actuation such as electro mechanical hydraulic pneumatic or vacuum actuation 6 7 but still require the driver s manual input and full control to initiate gear changes by hand These systems that require manual shifting are also referred to as clutchless manual systems 8 Modern versions of these systems that are fully automatic in operation such as Selespeed and Easytronic can control both the clutch operation and the gear shifts automatically by means of an ECU therefore requiring no manual intervention or driver input for gear changes 9 10 The usage of modern computer controlled AMTs in passenger cars increased during the mid 1990s as a more sporting alternative to the traditional hydraulic automatic transmission During the 2010s AMTs were largely replaced by the increasingly widespread dual clutch transmission but remained popular for smaller cars in Europe and some developing markets particularly India where it is notably favored over conventional automatic and CVT transmissions Contents 1 Design and operation 2 Usage in passenger cars 2 1 Applications 3 Usage in semi trucks tractors 4 See also 5 ReferencesDesign and operation EditAutomated manual transmissions can be semi automatic or fully automatic in operation Several different system to automate the clutch and or shifting have been used over the years but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and or shifting hydraulic or electro hydraulic actuation 11 12 electro mechanical 13 pneumatic 6 14 15 electromagnetic 16 17 18 or even purely electrical by means of an electric motor Gear shifting clutch actuation shift timing and rev matching are all under automated control via the electronic sensors computers and actuators 13 19 When shifting gears the driver selects the desired gear with the transmission shift lever while electronic sensors and actuators connected to a TCU transmission computer or microprocessor will automatically operate the clutch and throttle to match revs and to re engage the clutch in milliseconds Torque and power transfer to the drive wheels will also be electronically controlled Most modern implementations of this transmission function in a sequential mode where the driver can upshift or downshift by only one gear at a time However this is not the case for all modern transmissions For example BMW s SMG and Ferrari s F1 transmission can skip gears on both downshifts and upshifts when selecting gears manually via the steering wheel mounted paddle shifters as seen on most modern transmissions Older clutchless manual transmissions mostly prior to the 1990s will retain H pattern shifters plus the shift gate and will require the driver to select the required gear ratios manually The clutch however will be a servo controlled unit connected to various actuators a solenoid and sensors which control the clutch automatically 20 Another alternate means of clutch automation is the clutch by wire system The system generally uses an electric actuator and electronic sensors which replace the mechanical clutch linkage or hydraulic clutch connection to monitor and control clutch positioning completely replacing the hydraulic linkage between the mechanical clutch and pedal itself with a single electro mechanical actuator 21 22 23 Depending on the mechanical build and design some mostly modern automated manual transmissions will automatically shift gears at appropriate points like a conventional automatic transmission while traditional semi automatic and clutchless manuals require the driver to manually select the gear even when the engine is at redline since they automate only part of the transmission namely the clutch and will not shift gears by themselves 24 Despite the superficial similarity automated manual transmissions differ significantly in internal operation and driver s feel from a manumatic the latter of which is an automatic transmission automatics use a torque converter instead of a clutch like in an automated manual to manage the mechanical linkage between the transmission and motor with the ability to override the automatic transmission s computer and actuate shifts manually 25 Add on AMTs can also function as a regular manual gearbox with a manual shift lever whereas integrated AMTs do not need a normal shift layout so they can be designed with an optimized AMT shifting layout which would have an unusual pattern to manually shift Integrated AMTs either have gear selector drums which allows only serial shifting and no gear skipping but this system is fairly inexpensive because it needs only one actuator or single actuators Single actuator systems require one actuator for each shifting sleeve which is why this type of system is more expensive but it also shifts faster The actuators can either be electro hydraulic more expensive but faster well suited for single actuator systems and allow for higher torque or electro mechanical less expensive but usually limited to 250 N m 184 5 lb ft of gearbox input torque This limit is because the clutch actuation force increases with higher torque and short shifting times electro mechanical actuators are just electric motors using larger motors reduces the motor dynamics due to the motors higher mass moment of inertia which is not good for fast shifting and bigger motors also put more stress on the car s 12 volt electrical system As a result one can have either slow shifting and a very large lead acid battery not suitable for cars or fast shifting and a smaller battery works up to 250 N m of torque Modern AMTs such as Suzuki Auto Gear Shift and Dacia Renault Easy R usually operate in conjunction with electronic throttle control to initiate gear shifts based on certain RPM and or throttle position Usage in passenger cars Edit 2000 2006 BMW SMG II shifter The automated manual transmission has its origins in early clutchless manual transmissions that began to appear on mass production cars in the 1940s and 1950s An early example of this transmission was introduced with the Hudson Commodore in 1942 called Drive Master This unit was an early semi automatic transmission based on the design of a conventional manual transmission which used a servo controlled vacuum operated clutch system with three different gear shifting modes at the touch of a button manual shifting and manual clutch operation fully manual manual shifting with automated clutch operation semi automatic and automatic shifting with automatic clutch operation fully automatic 26 7 27 Another early example is the 1955 Citroen DS which used a 4 speed BVH transmission This semi automatic transmission used an automated clutch which was actuated using hydraulics Gear selection also used hydraulics however the gear ratio needs to be manually selected by the driver The 1956 Renault Dauphine 3 speed manual transmission was available with an optional Ferlec automated clutch which used an electromagnetically operated clutch system 28 29 Other clutchless manual transmissions included the 1967 NSU Ro 80 3 speed Fichtel amp Sachs 20 and 1967 Porsche 911 4 speed Sportomatic both of which used vacuum actuated clutches and hydraulic torque converters The 1968 Volkswagen Beetle and Volkswagen Karmann Ghia offered a 3 speed Autostick transmission which used an electric switch on the gear shifter connected to a solenoid to operate the electro pneumatic vacuum clutch servo 30 31 In 1963 Renault switched from the automated clutch to a fully automatic 3 speed Jager transmission which consisted of an electro mechanical control unit that operated both the clutch and shifting effectively making it one of the earliest automated manual transmissions 32 33 34 The Jager transmission was controlled via dash mounted electronic push buttons 35 The Isuzu NAVi5 5 speed automatic transmission was introduced in the 1984 Isuzu Aska mid size sedan sold in the Japanese domestic market only This transmission originally designed for trucks was based on a manual transmission with the addition of hydraulic actuators for the gear shifter and the clutch Initial versions did not allow direct selection of gear ratios instead allowing drivers only to lock out higher gears as per many traditional automatic transmissions Later versions added a manual mode allowing the driver to control the gear selection Several companies owned by Fiat S p A were influential in the development of automated manual transmissions Ferrari s involvement with automated manual transmission began with the 7 speed semi automatic paddle shift transmission used in the 1989 Ferrari 640 Formula One racing car In 1992 the Ferrari Mondial T introduced the option of a Valeo 5 speed semi automatic transmission 36 This transmission used an electro mechanical actuator to automatically operate the clutch 37 while the gearshift mechanism was a standard H pattern shifter operated as per normal transmissions 38 In 1997 the Ferrari F355 became available with an F1 6 speed transmission which uses paddle shifters located behind the steering wheel or can be driven in a fully automatic mode 39 The F355 s successors offered similar transmissions 40 until the company switched to a dual clutch transmission for the Ferrari 458 in 2009 Ferrari F430 F1 steering wheel with paddle shifters Sister company Alfa Romeo introduced the related Selespeed 5 speed automatic transmission for the Alfa Romeo 156 in 1999 41 42 This was followed by Maserati s 2001 introduction of the related Cambiocorsa 6 speed automatic transmission in the Maserati Coupe 43 Selespeed was also used in the Fiat Punto and Stilo models BMW s involvement with automated manual transmissions began in 1993 when the Shift tronic 6 speed semi automatic was offered on the Alpina B12 coupe based on the E31 850CSi 44 45 Using an automated clutch paired to a standard H pattern shifter as per the Ferrari Mondial T the transmission was supplied by LuK and fitted to less than 40 cars 46 Mass production of automated manual transmissions began for BMW in 1997 with the introduction of the SMG 6 speed automatic transmission in the BMW E36 M3 coupe 47 Although the name SMG was an abbreviation of Sequential Manual Gearbox the transmission internal were as per a typical synchromesh equipped manual transmission not a true sequential manual transmission The SMG was replaced by the SMG II when the E46 M3 was introduced in 2000 48 BMW s final AMT before being replaced by a dual clutch transmission was the 7 speed SMG III used in the 2004 2010 BMW E60 M5 and related BMW E63 M6 The SMG III could achieve a shift time of 65 milliseconds in its most aggressive mode 49 From 2002 to 2007 the Toyota MR2 3rd generation was available with an SMT 6 speed automated manual transmission The SMT system utilized an electro hydraulic activation system for both the clutch and shifting but no H pattern shifter like with the standard transmission Instead there was a shift lever that could be pulled and pushed forward or backward to upshift and downshift as well as the addition of electronic steering wheel mounted shift buttons Brands within the Volkswagen Group have typically used dual clutch transmissions instead of automated manual transmissions however a 6 speed E gear automated manual transmission was introduced for the 2004 Lamborghini Murcielago 50 and Lamborghini Gallardo 51 52 The E gear was used on the successors to the Murcielago and Gallardo and it was also available on the 2007 2012 Audi R8 Type 42 marketed as the R tronic transmission 53 54 55 Applications Edit Year of introduction Manufacturer Transmission Name Model s 1996 Alfa Romeo Selespeed 156 147 GT 159 Brera Spider2007 Q Select 8C Competizione 8C Spider2001 Aston Martin SSM Vanquish2005 Sportshift Vantage 2005 2009 One 77 56 2020 Valkyrie1999 Audi A22006 Audi R Tronic R8 Type 42 57 58 1997 BMW SMG E36 M3 59 2000 SMG II E46 M3 E46 3 Series E85 Z4 E60 5 Series E63 6 Series2004 SMG III E60 M5 E63 M6 60 2003 Chery QQ3 2009 M11955 Citroen BVH DS 61 1976 C Matic CX GS 62 2004 EGS C1 C42003 Sensodrive C2 C32011 DS52016 C6 China 2015 Dacia Easy R Logan Sandero Duster2017 Dallara Stradale1993 Fiat Selespeed Punto Stilo Grande Punto1995 Dualogic Bravo Idea Palio Punto Siena Uno Panda 500L Doblo Linea1997 Citymatic Seicento2007 Comfort Matic Fiorino2018 GSR Argo Cronos Mobi1988 Ferrari Valeo Mondial T1994 F1 355 F1 360 575M Maranello Enzo 612 Scaglietti F430 FXX 5992004 Ford Europe Durashift EST Fusion Fiesta Transit2010 Honda I SHIFT Civic Jazz1942 Hudson Drive Master Commodore1950 Supermatic Commodore 63 64 2018 Hyundai Smart Auto AMT 65 i10 Aura Santro2020 iMT Venue 66 i201984 Isuzu NAVi5 Aska Gemini2020 Kia iMT Sonet2007 LADA AvtoVAZ Priora2015 Xray Vesta2004 Lamborghini e gear Murcielago Gallardo Reventon Sesto Elemento2011 ISR Aventador Veneno Centenario Sian Countach LPI 800 42004 Lancia DFN Musa Ypsilon2004 Maxus LDV Maxus V80 Maxus V902010 Lexus ASG LFA2015 Mahindra Autoshift TUV3002019 XUV3002001 Maserati Cambiocorsa Coupe and Spyder MC122003 DuoSelect Quattroporte V2007 MC Shift GranTurismo1997 Mercedes Benz A Class2021 Mercedes AMG ONE2004 Mitsubishi AllShift Colt1967 NSU Ro 801999 Pagani Zonda2011 Huayra2005 Peugeot 2 Tronic 107 10072014 Polaris AutoDrive Slingshot1967 Porsche Sportomatic 911 67 68 2005 Proton AMT Savvy1956 Renault Dauphine2001 Quickshift Modus Twingo2015 Easy R Kwid Symbol III Triber1994 Saab Sensonic 900 NG 69 70 71 72 4 2012 SEAT ASG Mii2011 SKODA ASG Citigo1998 Smart Softouch Fortwo Forfour Roadster2013 Spania GTA Spano2004 SSC North America Ultimate Aero2020 Tuatara2014 Suzuki Maruti AGS Celerio2017 AGS Swift Dzire Ignis2004 Swift2014 Alto Wagon R India Pakistan amp Indonesia 2008 Tata Motors Easy Shift Nano2017 Hyprdrive SSG Nexon Tiago Tigor1999 Toyota SMT MR2 W30 2005 MMT Aygo Yaris Corolla Corolla Verso Mark X Auris 73 1965 VEB Sachsenring Hycomat Trabant 6012004 Opel Vauxhall Easytronic Corsa Tigra Meriva Astra Zafira Vectra Adam1968 Volkswagen Autostick Beetle Karmann Ghia 74 75 1998 Lupo2009 I Motion Gol Voyage2011 ASG Up Fox2009 Zenvo ST1Usage in semi trucks tractors EditVolvo I Shift an automated manual transmission introduced in 2001 and used in trucks and buses This system is an add on for the conventional unsynchronized manual transmission 76 ZF AS Tronic an automated manual transmission introduced in 2003 and used in trucks buses and coaches Eaton AutoShift introduced in the early 2000s as an add on to traditional non synchromesh manual transmission for heavy trucks 77 Isuzu Smoother Successor of the Japan only NAVi5 primarily aimed at developing markets Mack mDRIVE and mDRIVE HD an automated manual transmission with synchronizers introduced in 2010 and used in Mack semi trucks Renault Optidriver an automated manual transmission introduced in 2004 and used in Renault heavy duty commercial semi trucks Daimler Trucks DT12 an automated manual transmission introduced in 2012 and used in the Freightliner Cascadia semi truck and the Western Star 49X line of commercial semi crane and dump trucks Mercedes Benz PowerShift A non synchronous automated manual transmission used in Mercedes Benz heavy duty semi trucks UD Trucks ESCOT An add on for non synchronized and synchronized manual transmission introduced in 1995 Six different versions of this transmission have been made ESCOT ESCOT II ESCOT III ESCOT IV ESCOT V and ESCOT VI Used in UD Trucks range of commercial vehicles 78 79 See also EditSemi automatic transmission Dual clutch transmissionReferences Edit 5 Transmissions Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles www nap edu 2015 doi 10 17226 21744 ISBN 978 0 309 37388 3 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Yulong Lei Hua Tian 11 April 2005 Research on Accurate Engagement Control of Electrohydraulic Clutch Actuator www sae org SAE Technical Paper Series 1 doi 10 4271 2005 01 1787 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Transmission Actuation PDF www fte automotive com Retrieved 26 July 2020 a b Manual Transmission www autozine org Retrieved 26 July 2020 Manual vs Automatic Transmission A Shift to Know About 6 May 2020 a b ProductFinder Commercial Vehicles ZF www zf com a b http hudsonterraplane com tech other DrivemasterServiceInformation pdf bare URL PDF Hyundai Created a Clutch less Manual Transmission 10 July 2020 Directly from the Formula 1 www magnetimarelli com Retrieved 26 July 2020 Introduction to Automatic Transmission Systems www tranzmile com Retrieved 1 August 2020 Clutch Actuation System Car aftermarket zf com https scholarsmine mst edu cgi viewcontent cgi referer https www google com amp httpsredir 1 amp article 6463 amp context masters theses bare URL PDF a b Automated Manual Transmission ZF Archived from the original on 2020 09 26 Retrieved 2020 02 27 http www mme motorsport com en files default manuals clutch actuator pdf bare URL PDF European publication server Electromagnetic Actuators 19 September 2015 Electromagnetic Clutch http www 123seminarsonly com Seminar Reports 2017 03 127929536 Automatic Electromagnetic Clutch pdf bare URL PDF Automatic Transmission Types Explained CVT DSG Tiptronic Dual Clutch Automated Manual Transmission www carfromjapan com 11 November 2017 Retrieved 1 August 2020 a b Electronically Controlled Semi automatic Transmission Automobile What is a clutch by wire system PH Explains Clutch by Wire https www zf com master media en corporate m zf com company download center products passenger cars kupplungssystemefrpkwbis800nm pdf bare URL PDF What are the different types of transmissions www edmunds com Archived from the original on 5 August 2020 Retrieved 1 August 2020 Electric Gearshift Actuator MAGNETI MARELLI HowStuffWorks 1942 Hudson Archived from the original on 2008 08 20 HowStuffWorks 1950 Hudson Commodore Archived from the original on 2008 07 04 1956 1968 Renault Dauphine www howstuffworks com 20 August 2007 Retrieved 2 August 2020 Renault Dauphine buyer s guide what to pay and what to look for www classicandsportscar com Retrieved 2 August 2020 Shift This A History of Porsche s Sportomatic Tiptronic and PDK Transmissions 10 December 2013 From the Archive 1968 Porsche 911 Sportomatic Car and Driver January 1 1970 A Dubois Dumee October 1998 Renault 100 ans moteur d idees Le magazine du centenaire Renault Blunsden John October 1962 Paris salongen The Paris Salon Illustrerad Motor Sport in Swedish No 10 Lerum Sweden p 12 Vive La Difference 1965 1971 Renault 10 www hemmings com Retrieved 2 August 2020 Renault Dauphine advertisement Life Magazine 4 October 1963 23 Batchelor Dean Illustrated Ferrari Buyer s Guide 4 ed Actuator range Reduction of mechanical Thermal losses Ferrari Mondial review www youtube com Archived from the original on 2021 12 21 Retrieved 29 July 2020 The Ferrari Automated Gearbox www ferrari com Retrieved 29 July 2020 Neff John 2007 07 18 Ferrari reveals F430 Scuderia not Challenge Stradale Autoblog com Retrieved 2009 10 03 Ciferri Luca 13 December 2005 FERRARI LAUNCHES F1 STYLE GEARBOX ON F355 Automotive News Europe Retrieved 12 June 2018 Directly from the Formula 1 Magneti Marelli Magneti Marelli Retrieved 26 March 2020 Maserati Spyder Cambiocorsa First Drive www roadandtrack com Archived from the original on 13 August 2011 Milestones ALPINA Automobiles www alpina automobiles cz Retrieved 30 July 2020 Gaze at this achingly desirable Alpina B12 5 7 Coupe www topgear com 21 January 2020 Retrieved 30 July 2020 The Automated Clutch The New LuK ECM PDF www schaeffler com Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2019 Retrieved 30 July 2020 1992 2000 E36 BMW M3 Review www topspeed com 28 June 2006 Retrieved 30 July 2020 BMW 330i SMG evo co uk Retrieved 2007 05 08 Lewin Tony 30 September 2016 The BMW Century The Ultimate Performance Machines Motorbooks p 137 ISBN 9780760353042 Retrieved 21 July 2017 2004 Lamborghini Murcielago Base Coupe full range specs www automobile catalog com Retrieved 31 July 2020 Lamborghini Gallardo Review Pricing and Specs www caranddriver com 13 May 2019 Retrieved 26 July 2020 2006 Lamborghini Gallardo Spyder www caranddriver com 1 March 2006 Retrieved 26 July 2020 2008 Audi R8 www caranddriver com 1 April 2007 Retrieved 26 July 2020 2008 Audi R8 The Everyday Supercar www youtube com Car and Driver Retrieved 26 July 2020 2008 Audi R8 www caranddriver com 1 January 2007 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Aston Martin One 77 review and pictures www evo co uk Retrieved 1 August 2020 Audi R8 Powertrain www howstuffworks com 3 June 2010 Retrieved 26 July 2020 2010 Audi R8 5 2 FSI V10 Quattro R Tronic www caranddriver com 22 February 2010 Retrieved 26 July 2020 FAQ E36 M3 3 2 BMW M Registry Retrieved 2009 10 03 ST 813 M DCT Drivelogic BMW AG p 7 Retrieved 14 July 2019 Chas Hydraulic Course PDF www mycitroen dk Retrieved 26 July 2020 Semi Automatic Transmission http hudsonterraplane com tech 1950 1950HudsonOwnerManual pdf bare URL PDF How Hudson Cars Work 20 June 2007 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Hyundai Service Tips Smart Auto AMT YouTube Hyundai Venue Offers Manual Transmission with No Clutch Pedal 10 July 2020 Automatic gearbox A Porsche 911 history www total911 com 7 May 2015 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Shift This A History of Porsche s Sportomatic Tiptronic and PDK Transmissions www caranddriver com 10 December 2013 Retrieved 26 July 2020 For 10 000 Come To Your Sensonics www jalopnik com 14 November 2013 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Uber Rare Saab 900 NG Sensonic Clutchless edition www saabplanet com 19 October 2014 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Saab shelves Sensonic transmission www autonews com 16 February 1998 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Saab develops stick with no clutch www OrlandoSentinel com Retrieved 26 July 2020 https oscaro media catalog images pdf 350 protipsadt330267 gb pdf bare URL PDF Curbside Classic 1968 Volkswagen Automatic Stickshift Chrysler s Fluid Drive Returns in the Safer Kafer 17 June 2017 Autostick Volvo Trucks Egypt Leading Transmission Maker Predicts Major Shift to Automatics in Heavy Vehicles AutoWeb News Autoweb com au Archived from the original on 27 July 2014 Retrieved 18 July 2014 https www udtrucks com media files international new quester new quester brochure final 26032019 pdf bare URL PDF History Udtrucks com Retrieved 2022 03 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Automated manual transmission amp oldid 1125098626, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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