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Spike (missile)

April 12, 2024

For the U.S. Navy-designed missile of the same name, see NAVAIR Spike.

Spike (Hebrew: ספייק) is an Israeli fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile and anti-personnel missile with a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. As of 2007, it is in its fourth generation.[5] It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is available in man-portable, vehicle-launched, and helicopter-launched variants.

Spike
Spike ATGM Command & launcher unit (CLU) with mock-up Spike-LR missile mounted on a tripod at Singapore Army Open House 2007
TypeAnti-tank guided missile
Place of originIsrael
Service history
In service
  • 1981–present (Spike NLOS)
  • 1997–present
Used bySee Operators (41 countries ordered it[1])
Wars
Production history
DesignerRafael Advanced Defense Systems
DesignedLate 1970s (Spike NLOS)
ManufacturerRafael Advanced Defense Systems & EUROSPIKE GmbH
Unit cost$210,000 Spike NLOS[2]
Produced
  • Spike NLOS: Early 1980s–present
  • Spike-MR/LR/ER: 1997–present
  • Spike-SR: 2012–present
No. built40,000 (2023)[3] and 7,000 fired
VariantsSee variants
Specifications
MassSpike-ER from helicopter:
  • Missile in canister: 34 kg (74 lb 15 oz)
  • Launcher: 55 kg (121 lb 4 oz)
  • Launcher + 4 missiles: 187 kg (412 lb 4 oz)

Spike-MR/LR from ground:[4]

  • Missile round: 14 kg (30 lb 14 oz)
  • Command & launch unit (CLU): 5 kg (11 lb 0 oz)
  • Tripod: 2.8 kg (6 lb 3 oz)
  • Battery: 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz)
  • Thermal sight: 4 kg (8 lb 13 oz)

Spike-SR:

  • Missile in canister: 9.6 kg (21 lb 3 oz)
Length
  • Spike-MR/LR: 1,200 mm (3 ft 11 in)
  • Spike-ER: 1,670 mm (5 ft 6 in)
Diameter
  • Spike-MR/LR: 130 mm (5.1 in)
  • Spike-ER: 170 mm (6.7 in)
Rate of fireReady to launch in 30 seconds, reload in 15 seconds
Effective firing range
  • Spike-SR: 50–1,500 m (55–1,640 yd)
  • Spike-MR: 200–2,500 m (220–2,730 yd)
  • Spike-LR: 200–4,000 m (220–4,370 yd)
  • Spike-LR II: 200–5,500 m (220–6,010 yd)
  • Spike-ER: 400–8,000 m (440–8,750 yd)
  • Spike-ER II: 400–10,000 m (440–10,940 yd)
  • Spike-NLOS: 600–25,000 m (660–27,340 yd)
Sights10× optical sight
WarheadTandem-charge HEAT warhead
Detonation
mechanism
Piezoelectric trigger
EngineSolid-propellant rocket
Guidance
system
Infrared homing – Electro-optical (CCD, imaging infrared (IIR), or dual CCD/IIR), passive CCD, or dual CCD/IIR seeker

The missile can engage and destroy targets within the line-of-sight of the launcher ("fire-and-forget"), and some variants can make a top attack through a "fire, observe and update" method (essentially lock-on after launch);[5] the operator tracking the target, or switching to another target, optically through the trailing fiber-optic wire (or RF link in the case of the vehicle-mounted, long-range NLOS variant) while the missile is climbing to altitude after launch. This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM-148 Javelin.

Design edit

 
Cut away diagram of Spike ATGM.
 
Frontal close-up of the Spike missile's Command & launch unit (CLU) with thermal-imaging sight, tripod mount and an attached dummy missile canister.

Spike is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The missile is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker.

The long and extended range versions of the Spike also have the capability of "Fire, Observe and Update" operating mode (also known as Lock-on after launch (LOAL)). The missile is connected by a fiber-optical wire that is spooled out between the launch position and the missile. With this, the operator can obtain a target if it is not in the line of sight of the operator at launch, switch targets in flight, or compensate for the movement of the target if the missile is not tracking the target for some reason. Hence, the missile can be fired speculatively for a target of opportunity, or to provide observation on the other side of an obstacle. The missile has a soft launch capability – the motor firing after the missile has left the launcher – that allows the missile to be fired from confined spaces, which is a necessity in urban warfare.

The missile uses a tandem warhead consisting of two shaped charges: a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor, and a primary warhead to penetrate the underlying armor. Currently, it is replacing aging semi-automatic command to line of sight second generation anti-tank missiles like the MILAN and M47 Dragon in the armies of the user nations. Spike missile is also equipped with heat chasing technology.

The Spike system is made up of the launching tripod with its fire control unit and the missile. There is no dedicated thermal sight on the launcher: the missile's imaging seeker is used. Altogether, the long range variant of the system weighs around 26 kg (57 lb).

Spike can be operated from the launcher by infantry, or from mounts that can be fitted to vehicles such as fast attack vehicles, armoured personnel carriers or utility vehicles. Vehicles that are not normally fitted with anti-tank weapons can therefore be given anti-tank capability.

Spike has been tested as a weapon system for the SAGEM Sperwer unmanned aerial vehicle. The Spanish Army has fitted the Spike-ER to its Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters.[6][7] Both Israel and the United States have experimented with arming Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters with the Spike missile; the US variant is used in UH-60M Battlehawk helicopters.[8]

Marketing edit

In order to facilitate the selling of the weapon system in Europe, the company EuroSpike GmbH was formed in Germany. Its shareholders are Diehl Defence (40%), Rheinmetall Defence Electronics (40%) and Rafael via ERCAS B.V (20%). ERCAS B.V. is a Dutch holding company owned 100% by Rafael.

EuroSpike GmbH is located in Röthenbach, Germany. The European variant of the Spike weapon system differs a little from the Israeli version and is marketed under the name EuroSpike.[9]

The missiles were also marketed and produced under license in Singapore by ST Engineering.[10]

For other areas of the world, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. is solely responsible.[11]

Controversies edit

Reports state that the killing of seven humanitarian aid workers during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip was accomplished by Spike missiles fired by a Hermes 450 drone.[12][13]

Variants edit

Firing post edit

Command & Launch Unit (CLU) edit

The reusable Command & launch unit (CLU), battery, tripod and the thermal sight are common for both MR and LR versions of the Spike missile family, each weighing 5 kg (11 lb), 1 kg (2.2 lb), 2.8 kg (6.2 lb), and 4 kg (8.8 lb) respectively.[4]

Integrated Control Launch Unit (ICLU) edit

They are used for the newer variants LR2 and ER2 variants.[14]

Vehicle Missile Launching System (VMLS) edit

Launching system used on all turrets equipped with the Spike missile. The Spike LR, ER and NLOS as well as the modernised variants can be used with these systems.[14]

Missiles edit

Spike-SR edit

The short range version of the weapon was unveiled in 2012 to give infantrymen a guided missile between the larger Spike-MR and unguided rockets.[15] The missile is 8 kg (18 lb) for a 9.8 kg (22 lb) disposable munition for use at platoon-level whose minimum range is 50 m (160 ft) and whose maximum range is 1.5 km (0.93 mi). It is equipped with a stiff-necked uncooled electro-optical infrared seeker and advanced tracker, as opposed to the gimballed seeker in the Spike MR/LR/ER versions.[16] The Spike-SR does not require a separate sight, instead utilizing the low-cost thermal camera and guidance electronics strapped to the missile's nose to provide this function through a display integrated into the launcher, showing the target until launch.[17] The warhead can either be a multi-purpose tandem shaped-charge warhead with blast-fragmentation effect[15] or a new Penetration-Blast-Fragmentation (PBF) variant leveraged from the MATADOR's anti-structure warhead to equip maneuvering forces in urban environments to breach enemy cover and structures with a lethal blast effect.[16] In May 2016 Rafael concluded deliveries of Spike-SR to its first export customer,[18] later revealed to be the Singapore Armed Forces to replace the Carl Gustaf M2.[19]

 
Israeli soldier with MR/LR type Spike launcher

Spike-MR edit

The medium range version (Israeli designation: NT-Gil). The weight of the missile is 14 kg (31 lb), its minimum range is 200 m, while its maximum range is 2,500 m (1.6 mi). It is used by infantry and special forces.[20]

Spike-LR edit

Long range version (Israeli designation: NT-Spike). The weight of the missile is 14 kg (31 lb), and the weight of the complete system is less than 45 kg (99 lb).[21] Maximum range is 4,000 m (2.5 mi) and it is used by infantry and light combat vehicles. It adds fiber-optic communication to and from the operator during flight.[22] Reported armour penetration capability is more than 700 mm (28 in) of Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA).[23] It is also deployed in Sentry Tech remotely controlled weapons stations along the Gaza border.[24] In early 2014, Rafael revealed they had increased the range of the Spike-LR to 5.5 km (3.4 mi), enhancing versatility on existing firing platforms and allowing it to be utilized on new ones like light helicopters.[25]

Spike-L edit

 
Spike LR 2

A new generation of the original Spike-LR is in full-scale development and scheduled to be operational by the end of 2018[needs update]. Spike-LR II (Israeli designation: Gil-2, גיל 2) has a reduced missile weight to 13 kg (29 lb), and a reduced total system weight of 25 kg, increased range of 5.5 km (3.4 mi) at ground level and 10 km (6.2 mi) from helicopters using an RF data-link.[26] Warhead options of tandem HEAT with 30% increased armor penetration or a multipurpose blast warhead with selectable impact or penetration detonation fusing, a new seeker that includes an uncooled IR sensor with a smart target tracker with artificial intelligence features, the ability to fire on grid target coordinates using an inertial measurement unit for third party-target allocation, and is compatible with legacy launchers. The missile is designed with a counter-active protection system (CAPS) capability, being able to hit targets at higher impact angles of up to 70 degrees.[14][27][28] First ordered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in October 2017.[29]

Spike-ER edit

 
Spike-ER missiles mounted on a Rafael Typhoon MLS-ER Remote Weapons System onboard an MPAC Mk. III attack boat of the Philippine Navy.

Extended range or extra-long range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: NT-Dandy or NT-D). It has a minimum range of 400 m and a maximum range of 8,000 m (5.0 mi).[30] It has a larger diameter and is heavier than the other systems, and is usually vehicle mounted. It is used by infantry, Light Combat Vehicle (LCVs), and helicopters. The Finnish Navy's Coastal Jaegers and Philippine Navy's Multi-purpose Attack Craft Mk.III also operate this version in the anti-ship role. The weight of the missile is 34 kg (74 lb 15 oz), the launchers are 30 kg (66 lb) and 55 kg (121 lb) respectively for the vehicle and air-launched versions. Penetration is around 1,000 mm (39 in) of RHA.[23]

Spike-ER II edit

In August 2018, Rafael disclosed the development of an enhancement of the missile called the Spike-ER II. It retains the same weight, airframe, surface geometries, and propulsion unit but introduces a two-way RF data-link to increase real-time control to an extended range of 16 km (9.9 mi) from helicopters; it also has an extended fiber optic link to increase range to 10 km (6.2 mi) from land and naval platforms.[31]

Spike NLOS edit

 
A Bulgarian Land Forces militarised Land Cruiser 70 with a Spike NLOS Mk. 5 launcher.

"Non Line Of Sight" is an ultra long-range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: Tamuz, תמוז), with a claimed maximum range of 25 km (16 mi). It is a significantly larger missile than other Spike variants, with an overall weight of around 70 kg (150 lb). It can be launched from the ground or from helicopters. It was developed following lessons learned in the Yom Kippur War, which showed a need for a high-precision guided tactical ground-to-ground battlefield missile. The first variants entered service with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in tandem with the Pereh missile carrier in 1981, though the existence of both was not revealed to the public until 2011.[32][33][34] The Spike NLOS uses a fiber optic link similar to other Spike versions, but only out to 8 km, after which it employs a radio data link for command guidance.[35]

In 2011 it also became known that in a highly unusual move, the British Army was hastily equipped with the missile for counter-mortar fire, drawn directly from IDF inventory after being exposed to increasing insurgent attacks in Iraq, beginning in 2007 three variants of the NLOS were procured. A total of 600 missiles were acquired, the breakdown being 200 optical camera equipped NLOS MK.2 in 2007, 200 thermal imaging equipped NLOS MK.4 in 2008 for night operations (together with the MK.2 these were known as EXACTOR-1), 200 dual camera equipped NLOS MK.5 (EXACTOR-2) followed in 2009 which featured wings for slower but better maneuvering flight and a multi-purpose warhead replacing the anti-armor warhead of previous versions.[36] For operational security, the codename of 'EXACTOR missile' was assigned in British service and it was initially mounted on launchers atop leased M113 APCs. The MK.2 performed badly being too fast and difficult to control, the M113 overheated in the desert and had a poor resolution camera display that compared unfavorably with its contemporaries.[37] So Britain financed the development of the Mk. 5 known in British service as the EXACTOR 2 which replaced the M113 APC with a towed trailer known as SPARC holding four missiles in a 360-degree rotating turret that could be remotely controlled up to 500 m away[38] ditching the non-standard M113 APCs altogether when in 2010 the batteries were transferred from Iraq to Afghanistan.[39][40]

In a deal concluded on 6 September 2011, the South Korean government had agreed to purchase an unknown number of Mk. 5 Spike NLOS missiles.[41][42]

Rafael is working on expanding the missile's versatility by enhancing the existing EO-IR/CCD seeker with semi-active laser (SAL) capability and different anti-armor, blast-penetration, and high-explosive fragmentation warheads to meet specific applications.[25]

In 2020 the US Army announced its intention to procure Spike NLOS missiles to be mounted on Apache helicopters.[43] A test was conducted in March 2021 where an AH-64E fired a Spike NLOS at a target 32 km (20 mi) away and scored a direct hit.[44]

In June 2022, Rafael unveiled the Spike NLOS 6th generation with range increased to 50 kilometres (31 mi), a salvo feature which can launch up to four missiles at a time, and the ability to hand over control after firing to another platform. It also has a Target Image Acquisition capability that can prioritize important targets for strike, and can be carried by strategic UAVs in the Heron-TP-class.[45][46]

Mini-Spike edit

On 2 September 2009, at an IDF exhibition held at the third Latrun annual land warfare conference, the Israeli Defense Force unveiled a new member of the Spike family of missiles – the Mini Spike Anti-personnel guided weapon (APGW).[47][48] Rafael claimed that this latest member of the Spike family of missile costs and weighed only a third of the Spike-LR at 4 kg (8.8 lb), while offering a longer engagement range of 1.3–1.5 km (0.81–0.93 mi) when compared to the Spike-SR. It was to introduce new flight modes to enable precision strikes in urban areas, such as flying through windows or attacking an enemy hidden behind defilade or obstacles using non-line-of-sight engagement. Mini Spike would use the same launcher and sight system of the Spike-LR, loading the missile on a special adaptor.[17][49] By 2016, Mini-Spike development had been discontinued.[16]

Aerospike edit

In May 2022, Rafael unveiled the Aerospike, a version of the Spike-LR II designed to be launched from fixed-wing aircraft. Weighing 14 kg and utilizing the same airframe, EO/IR seekers and warheads as the Spike-LR II, it features longer wings to give it an improved glide ratio for a range of 30 km (19 mi) when launched from 8,200 metres (27,000 ft). The munition does not require GPS to navigate, incorporating scene-matching technology and detection and tracking capabilities. A real-time RF data-link allows for man-in-the-loop operation enabling mid-flight target handover, re-targeting and abort options while also controlling approach angle, azimuth and flight trajectory, achieving accuracy within 3 meters of the target with a HEAT or blast fragmentation warhead. By the time of public announcement, the Aerospike was already in service with unnamed users.[50][51][52]

Missile copies edit

Almas edit

Iran received Israeli Spike-MRs captured during the 2006 Lebanon War by Hezbollah fighters.[53] An unlicensed variant that goes by the name of Almas (Persian: الماس).[54] The ATGM was unveiled in public on July 7, 2021.[54]

In January 2024, a video was released that appeared to show Hezbollah forces using the system against an Israeli surveillance outpost.[55]

Operators edit

 
Map with Spike operators in blue
  Australia
Spike-LR II selected by the Australian Army in 2018 [56][36]
  • LAND 159, for dismounted infantry
  • LAND 400-2, equipping the 211 Boxer CRV with LANCE turret
  • LAND 400-3, equipping the 129 K21 Redback
  Azerbaijan
Total 350 Spike-LR and 250 Spike-NLOS missiles, some of which are mounted on the Plasan Sand Cat,[36] and Mil Mi-17.[57]
  Belgium
240 Spike-MR/LR missiles ordered in 2013, delivery completed in 2015.[36]
  Bulgaria
Unspecified amount of Spike NLOS Mk. 5 launchers procured. Seen in public for the first time at HEMUS 2022.
  Brazil
100 Spike-LR missiles ordered in November 2021.[58]
  Cameroon
Spike-MR/LR ordered in 2022.[59]
  Canada
Spike-LR missiles since 2016 as part of CANSOFCOM.[60] In December 2023, Canada announced the purchase of Spike-LR II missiles to equip the Canadian Brigade in Latvia.[61]
  Chile
Total 2,200 Spike-MR/LR/ER missiles, for use on modernised Marder IFVs.[36]
  Colombia
Total 85 Spike-LR/ER and 110 Spike-NLOS missiles.[36] The Colombian Air Force's fleet of Sikorsky AH-60L Arpía IV[62]-series helicopters are armed with three variants of the Spike: the ER, LR and NLOS.[63]
  Croatia
Croatia has ordered Spike LRII launchers for its Patria AMV vehicles that are in the IFV configuration. Croatia has plans to increase the number of Patria AMV IFVs from the current number of 9 to 16. With 7 vehicles being newly purchased. Therefore additional orders of Spike missles were made.[64][65] Spike SR/MR Missiles are being ruled out as Croatian army opted for Javelin missile to equip its infantry formations.[66][67]
  Czech Republic
Total 500 Spike-LR missiles, for use on Pandur II IFVs.[36]
  Denmark
Spike-LR II To be integrated in the Royal Danish Army from 2021 to 2025. Will be used by infantry and from Protector Remote Weapon Station.[68][69]
  Ecuador
Total 244 missiles, delivered October 2009.[70][clarification needed]
  Estonia
18 Spike-LR II launchers bought from EuroSpike GmbH. More than 500 Spike-SR systems purchased in 2022.[71][72][73]
  Finland
Total 900 missiles, breakdown being 300 Spike-MR, 200 Spike-LR with the remaining 400 being Spike-ER.[36] 100 MR (Panssarintorjuntaohjusjärjestelmä 2000) launchers plus an option for 70 more, and 18 ER (Rannikko-ohjus 2006) launchers for coastal anti-ship use.[74] Also Spike-LR missiles as a newer purchase.[75][clarification needed] In December 2022 Finland ordered additional Spike SR, LR2 and ER2 missiles for 223.6 MEUR.[76]
  Germany
As of August 2023, the Bundeswehr ordered 4426 Spike-LR, 179 launcher units for the infantry, and the launchers for the 350 Puma.
  • 2008, contract with EuroSpike to integrate the Spike-LR MELLS to the Puma IFV
  • 2009, framework agreement for 311 ICLU with Rafael and Eurospike as the Spike is also selected to be used by Infantry detached personal, special forces and to be mounted on a tripod temporarily on the Puma IFV until its full system integration (€35 million) [77]
  • December 2011, 1,160 MELLS missiles ordered (€119.3 million) [78]
  • March 2017, €158.4 million order which includes [78]
    • 1,000 MELLS missiles (€112.4 million)
    • 97 launcher units (€25.6 million, 214 ICLU remaining from the initial framework agreement)
    • Integration to Bundeswehr's laser based training and simulation system AGDUS (€20.3 million)
  • November 2019, framework agreement with EuroSpike GmbH for 11,500 missiles, 214 launcher units, storage containers. Out of the agreement, the orders include:
    • 1,500 MELLS missiles in November 2019 [79]
    • 666 MELLS missiles and 82 launcher units in March 2021 for €88 million [80]
  Greece
In April 2023, Greece ordered 17 Spike-NLOS systems on 4x4 vehicles, plus more on 9 AH-64 Apache helicopters and 4 Machitis-class gunboats.[81][82]
  Hungary
Spike-LR II for Lynx armoured fighting vehicles.[83]
  India
Defense News reported that the Indian Army wanted to order Spike missiles and peripheral equipment in a $1 billion deal. Indian Ministry of Defence officials told the magazine that the order is for 321 launchers, 8,356 missiles, 15 training simulators, and peripheral equipment.[84][85][86] In October 2014, India chose to buy the Spike over the U.S. Javelin.[87] India's state-owned Bharat Dynamics Limited will be the systems integrator for the missiles with major work share for manufacture to be handled by Bharat Dynamics and Kalyani Group.[88] On 20 November 2017, it was announced that the deal was cancelled due to lack of transfer of technology. The DRDO has been instructed to produce an indigenous missile.[89][90][91] However, Indian media sources have reported that the contract will proceed as part of a restructured government to government agreement.[92] In April 2019, following the 2019 border skirmishes with Pakistan, the Indian Army approved an emergency purchase of 240 Spike MR missiles and 12 launchers to meet immediate requirements,[93] which were inducted into service in early October 2019.[94][clarification needed]
  Iran
Unlicensed clone as Almas. Reverse engineered Spike-MR with modifications. Originally captured by Hezbollah during the 2006 Lebanon War and given to Iran.
  Israel
The Spike NLOS (Tammuz) was introduced into service in the early 1980s.
In 1997, the Spike MR (Gil), LR (Gomed), ER (Perakh Bar) with associated launchers entered service.[33]
 
Italian Army 8th Bersaglieri Regiment Spike launch during an exercise
  Italy
Total 1,490 Spike-LR and 750 Spike-ER missiles (with associated launchers and training systems), Spike-LR are for use on Dardo IFV, Freccia IFV and VTLM Lince while Spike-ER are for use by AH-129 Mangusta attack helicopters.[36] In July 2023, a contract for €143 million running from 2023 to 2030 was passed to supply Spike LR2 to the Italian Army and the Navy.[95]
  Kurdistan
Operated by the Peshmerga, might have been funded by Italy or Germany, or could have been directly from Israel.[96][97]
  Latvia
Total 12 Spike-LR.[74][98][99] Additional order in February 2018.[100][101][102]
  Lithuania
Total 1,000 Spike-LR missiles delivered, for use on Boxer armored vehicles.[36][103][104]
  Netherlands
Total 2,400+ Spike-MR missiles (including 297 launchers and associated training systems) ordered in 2001, deliveries began in 2006 and was completed by 2011.[36] A total of 237 launchers and 1,974 missiles was assigned to the Royal Netherlands Army, while the remaining 60 launchers and 459 missiles was assigned to the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps.[105] The first weapon was actually issued in 2004 to the Regiment van Heutsz.[106]
  Peru
Total 516 Spike-LR and 175 Spike-ER missiles (including 48 launchers).[36]
  Philippines
The Philippine Navy operates the missiles. Spike-ER variant for the missile-capable versions of its Multipurpose Assault Crafts.[107] Spike-NLOS are for the Navy's AW159 Wildcat helicopters[108][109] and Acero-class fast attack interdiction crafts.[110][111]
  Poland
A total of 2,675 Spike-LR missiles (with 264 launchers and training systems) were ordered in 2003 in a deal worth $425 million with deliveries completed by 2013.[36] A follow-up order of 800 more Spike-LR missiles for use on Rosomak IFVs, in a deal including local production in Poland, was placed in 2015 with deliveries between 2019 and 2022.[36]
  Romania
Total 3,000 missiles; breakdown being 2,000 Spike-LR (for use on MLI-84M IFVs) with the remaining 1,000 being Spike-ER (for use on IAR 330 SOCAT attack helicopters).[36] An unspecified number of portable Spike-LR are also in service.[112]
 
Singapore Airshow 2008, a locally developed twin-tube launcher for the Spike as mounted on a Light Strike Vehicle of the Singapore Army.
  Singapore
In 1999, Singapore became the second country to acquire the Spike ATGM.[113] Total 1,500 Spike-LR missiles (with associated launchers and training systems) received between 2001 and 2006.[36] Between 2017 and 2018, another 500 Spike-SR was received as the new generation anti-tank guided missile for its infantry battalions.[114][115] Spikes variants are produced locally by ST Engineering. The Hunter AFV of the Singapore Army is equipped with a twin tube pop-up launcher. There has been further orders for the Spike-LR II for use on the Hunter AFV and infantry units.
  Slovakia
Spike-LR II[116] (100 missiles, 10 launchers).[117]
  Slovenia
Spike-MR/LR has been in operational use in the Slovenian Armed Forces since 2009.[118] Total 75 missiles. Some will be on Patria AMVs.[citation needed] In September 2022, EuroSpike was awarded a $6.6 million contract to supply 50 Spike LR2s.[119]
  Switzerland
The Swiss Armed Forces selected the Spike LR-II as its long-range anti-tank guided missile system for ground troops in 2023. It will replace the TOW ATGM.[120]
  Thailand
Under a deal reached in 2020, the Royal Thai Army took delivery of the Spike-MR missiles and launchers.[121] Spike-MR was a contender along with Javelin.[122]
  South Korea
A South Korean government deal concluded on 6 September 2011 confirmed the procurement of unspecified numbers of Spike NLOS, of which about 50 missiles will be forward deployed to the South Korean islands of Baengnyeongdo and Yeonpyeongdo, close to the Northern Limit Line with North Korea.[41][42] On 19 May 2013 the South Korean military confirmed that "dozens" of Spike missiles had been deployed on the islands.[123] The Republic of Korea Navy will also deploy the Spike NLOS on AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat helicopters,[124] and the Republic of Korea Marine Corps has the Spike NLOS mounted on Plasan Sand Cat light vehicle.[125]
 
Spike-NLOS being fired from a Plasan Sand Cat.
  Spain
Total 2,630 Spike-LR (including 260 launchers and associated training systems) and 200 Spike-ER missiles (for use by Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters).[36] A total of 236 launchers and 2,360 Spike-LR missiles was assigned to the Spanish Army, while the remaining 24 launchers and 240 missiles was assigned to the Spanish Marines.[74]
  United Kingdom
600 Spike-NLOS missiles were procured by the British Army, the exact breakdown being 200 NLOS MK.2, 200 NLOS MK.4 and 200 NLOS MK.5 ordered in the years 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. In British service it has the name 'Exactor'.[36][39][40][74][126][page needed]
  United States
The Spike was offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems as a possible contender in the US Army JAWS missile program in 1996.[127] In January 2020, the Army revealed it would field the Spike NLOS on AH-64 Apache helicopters as an interim solution to acquire a longer range stand-off weapon.[128]

Evaluations edit

  Turkey
In January 1998, a partnership arrangement was announced between Israel Aerospace Industries and Kamov to market the Kamov Ka-50-2 attack helicopter in Turkish competition. One of the optional armaments being offered for the Ka-50-2 was the Spike-ER missile.[127] Eventually, Ka-50-2 lost to TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK. Turkey has also examined the use of Rafael Overhead Weapon Station with Spike for its Otokar Cobra light armored vehicles.[127]
  United Kingdom
In February 2001, the British MoD awarded two contracts valued at $8.8 million for a year-long assessment of the Javelin and Spike-MR. The Spike was being offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems teamed with Matra BAe Dynamics, while the Javelin was being offered by a team of Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. The UK would like to field a lightweight antitank missile system for its Joint Rapid Reaction Force by 2005. In February 2003, the British MoD selected the Javelin.[127]

Failed bids edit

  Portugal
A total of 2 Spike LR launchers would be fitted on Portuguese Marine Corps Pandur II IFV APC's, but the program was cancelled due to problems between the Portuguese government, Steyr-Daimler-Puch and Fabrequipa (local Pandur II manufacturer).[36][129][130]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals". GLOBES. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Missile Procurement, Army (FY2021)" (PDF).
  3. ^ "Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals". GLOBES. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b . EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spike missiles.
  • Official website – Rafael Advanced Defence System, for worldwide marketing
  • Official website – EuroSpike GmbH, for marketing in Europe
  • Singapore Army's facsheet on Spike ATGM
  • Spike anti-tank anti-armour guided missile on armyrecognition.com
  • Rafael Spike Missile
Video links
  • Spike-NLOS Mk.5 air-deployable launcher firing test on YouTube
  • Spike-ER II firing test on YouTube
  • Spike-LR II firing test on YouTube
  • Spike-SR/MR/LR/ER/NLOS firing test on YouTube
  • EuroSpike GmbH video of EuroSpike live-firing on YouTube by Finnish Coastal Jäger troops of the Finnish Navy
  • 2010 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube
  • 2006 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube

April 12, 2024
spike, missile, navy, designed, missile, same, name, navair, spike, spike, hebrew, ספייק, israeli, fire, forget, anti, tank, guided, missile, anti, personnel, missile, with, tandem, charge, high, explosive, anti, tank, heat, warhead, 2007, update, fourth, gene. For the U S Navy designed missile of the same name see NAVAIR Spike Spike Hebrew ספייק is an Israeli fire and forget anti tank guided missile and anti personnel missile with a tandem charge high explosive anti tank HEAT warhead As of 2007 update it is in its fourth generation 5 It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems It is available in man portable vehicle launched and helicopter launched variants SpikeSpike ATGM Command amp launcher unit CLU with mock up Spike LR missile mounted on a tripod at Singapore Army Open House 2007TypeAnti tank guided missilePlace of originIsraelService historyIn service1981 present Spike NLOS 1997 presentUsed bySee Operators 41 countries ordered it 1 Wars1982 Lebanon War Second Intifada Iraq War 2006 Lebanon War War in Afghanistan 2001 2021 Gaza War 2014 Israel Gaza conflict Second Nagorno Karabakh War 2023 Israel Hamas warProduction historyDesignerRafael Advanced Defense SystemsDesignedLate 1970s Spike NLOS ManufacturerRafael Advanced Defense Systems amp EUROSPIKE GmbH Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Diehl Defence Rheinmetall Defence Electronics ST Engineering Singapore Unit cost 210 000 Spike NLOS 2 ProducedSpike NLOS Early 1980s present Spike MR LR ER 1997 present Spike SR 2012 presentNo built40 000 2023 3 and 7 000 firedVariantsSee variantsSpecificationsMassSpike ER from helicopter Missile in canister 34 kg 74 lb 15 oz Launcher 55 kg 121 lb 4 oz Launcher 4 missiles 187 kg 412 lb 4 oz Spike MR LR from ground 4 Missile round 14 kg 30 lb 14 oz Command amp launch unit CLU 5 kg 11 lb 0 oz Tripod 2 8 kg 6 lb 3 oz Battery 1 kg 2 lb 3 oz Thermal sight 4 kg 8 lb 13 oz Spike SR Missile in canister 9 6 kg 21 lb 3 oz LengthSpike MR LR 1 200 mm 3 ft 11 in Spike ER 1 670 mm 5 ft 6 in DiameterSpike MR LR 130 mm 5 1 in Spike ER 170 mm 6 7 in Rate of fireReady to launch in 30 seconds reload in 15 secondsEffective firing rangeSpike SR 50 1 500 m 55 1 640 yd Spike MR 200 2 500 m 220 2 730 yd Spike LR 200 4 000 m 220 4 370 yd Spike LR II 200 5 500 m 220 6 010 yd Spike ER 400 8 000 m 440 8 750 yd Spike ER II 400 10 000 m 440 10 940 yd Spike NLOS 600 25 000 m 660 27 340 yd Sights10 optical sightWarheadTandem charge HEAT warheadDetonationmechanismPiezoelectric triggerEngineSolid propellant rocketGuidancesystemInfrared homing Electro optical CCD imaging infrared IIR or dual CCD IIR passive CCD or dual CCD IIR seekerThe missile can engage and destroy targets within the line of sight of the launcher fire and forget and some variants can make a top attack through a fire observe and update method essentially lock on after launch 5 the operator tracking the target or switching to another target optically through the trailing fiber optic wire or RF link in the case of the vehicle mounted long range NLOS variant while the missile is climbing to altitude after launch This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM 148 Javelin Contents 1 Design 2 Marketing 3 Controversies 4 Variants 4 1 Firing post 4 1 1 Command amp Launch Unit CLU 4 1 2 Integrated Control Launch Unit ICLU 4 1 3 Vehicle Missile Launching System VMLS 4 2 Missiles 4 2 1 Spike SR 4 2 2 Spike MR 4 2 3 Spike LR 4 2 4 Spike L 4 2 5 Spike ER 4 2 6 Spike ER II 4 2 7 Spike NLOS 4 2 8 Mini Spike 4 2 9 Aerospike 4 3 Missile copies 4 3 1 Almas 5 Operators 5 1 Evaluations 5 2 Failed bids 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDesign edit nbsp Cut away diagram of Spike ATGM nbsp Frontal close up of the Spike missile s Command amp launch unit CLU with thermal imaging sight tripod mount and an attached dummy missile canister Spike is a fire and forget missile with lock on before launch and automatic self guidance The missile is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker The long and extended range versions of the Spike also have the capability of Fire Observe and Update operating mode also known as Lock on after launch LOAL The missile is connected by a fiber optical wire that is spooled out between the launch position and the missile With this the operator can obtain a target if it is not in the line of sight of the operator at launch switch targets in flight or compensate for the movement of the target if the missile is not tracking the target for some reason Hence the missile can be fired speculatively for a target of opportunity or to provide observation on the other side of an obstacle The missile has a soft launch capability the motor firing after the missile has left the launcher that allows the missile to be fired from confined spaces which is a necessity in urban warfare The missile uses a tandem warhead consisting of two shaped charges a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor and a primary warhead to penetrate the underlying armor Currently it is replacing aging semi automatic command to line of sight second generation anti tank missiles like the MILAN and M47 Dragon in the armies of the user nations Spike missile is also equipped with heat chasing technology The Spike system is made up of the launching tripod with its fire control unit and the missile There is no dedicated thermal sight on the launcher the missile s imaging seeker is used Altogether the long range variant of the system weighs around 26 kg 57 lb Spike can be operated from the launcher by infantry or from mounts that can be fitted to vehicles such as fast attack vehicles armoured personnel carriers or utility vehicles Vehicles that are not normally fitted with anti tank weapons can therefore be given anti tank capability Spike has been tested as a weapon system for the SAGEM Sperwer unmanned aerial vehicle The Spanish Army has fitted the Spike ER to its Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters 6 7 Both Israel and the United States have experimented with arming Sikorsky UH 60 Black Hawk helicopters with the Spike missile the US variant is used in UH 60M Battlehawk helicopters 8 Marketing editIn order to facilitate the selling of the weapon system in Europe the company EuroSpike GmbH was formed in Germany Its shareholders are Diehl Defence 40 Rheinmetall Defence Electronics 40 and Rafael via ERCAS B V 20 ERCAS B V is a Dutch holding company owned 100 by Rafael EuroSpike GmbH is located in Rothenbach Germany The European variant of the Spike weapon system differs a little from the Israeli version and is marketed under the name EuroSpike 9 The missiles were also marketed and produced under license in Singapore by ST Engineering 10 For other areas of the world Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd is solely responsible 11 Controversies editReports state that the killing of seven humanitarian aid workers during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip was accomplished by Spike missiles fired by a Hermes 450 drone 12 13 Variants editFiring post edit Command amp Launch Unit CLU edit The reusable Command amp launch unit CLU battery tripod and the thermal sight are common for both MR and LR versions of the Spike missile family each weighing 5 kg 11 lb 1 kg 2 2 lb 2 8 kg 6 2 lb and 4 kg 8 8 lb respectively 4 Integrated Control Launch Unit ICLU edit They are used for the newer variants LR2 and ER2 variants 14 Vehicle Missile Launching System VMLS edit Launching system used on all turrets equipped with the Spike missile The Spike LR ER and NLOS as well as the modernised variants can be used with these systems 14 Missiles edit Spike SR edit The short range version of the weapon was unveiled in 2012 to give infantrymen a guided missile between the larger Spike MR and unguided rockets 15 The missile is 8 kg 18 lb for a 9 8 kg 22 lb disposable munition for use at platoon level whose minimum range is 50 m 160 ft and whose maximum range is 1 5 km 0 93 mi It is equipped with a stiff necked uncooled electro optical infrared seeker and advanced tracker as opposed to the gimballed seeker in the Spike MR LR ER versions 16 The Spike SR does not require a separate sight instead utilizing the low cost thermal camera and guidance electronics strapped to the missile s nose to provide this function through a display integrated into the launcher showing the target until launch 17 The warhead can either be a multi purpose tandem shaped charge warhead with blast fragmentation effect 15 or a new Penetration Blast Fragmentation PBF variant leveraged from the MATADOR s anti structure warhead to equip maneuvering forces in urban environments to breach enemy cover and structures with a lethal blast effect 16 In May 2016 Rafael concluded deliveries of Spike SR to its first export customer 18 later revealed to be the Singapore Armed Forces to replace the Carl Gustaf M2 19 nbsp Israeli soldier with MR LR type Spike launcherSpike MR edit The medium range version Israeli designation NT Gil The weight of the missile is 14 kg 31 lb its minimum range is 200 m while its maximum range is 2 500 m 1 6 mi It is used by infantry and special forces 20 Spike LR edit Long range version Israeli designation NT Spike The weight of the missile is 14 kg 31 lb and the weight of the complete system is less than 45 kg 99 lb 21 Maximum range is 4 000 m 2 5 mi and it is used by infantry and light combat vehicles It adds fiber optic communication to and from the operator during flight 22 Reported armour penetration capability is more than 700 mm 28 in of Rolled homogeneous armour RHA 23 It is also deployed in Sentry Tech remotely controlled weapons stations along the Gaza border 24 In early 2014 Rafael revealed they had increased the range of the Spike LR to 5 5 km 3 4 mi enhancing versatility on existing firing platforms and allowing it to be utilized on new ones like light helicopters 25 Spike L edit nbsp Spike LR 2A new generation of the original Spike LR is in full scale development and scheduled to be operational by the end of 2018 needs update Spike LR II Israeli designation Gil 2 גיל 2 has a reduced missile weight to 13 kg 29 lb and a reduced total system weight of 25 kg increased range of 5 5 km 3 4 mi at ground level and 10 km 6 2 mi from helicopters using an RF data link 26 Warhead options of tandem HEAT with 30 increased armor penetration or a multipurpose blast warhead with selectable impact or penetration detonation fusing a new seeker that includes an uncooled IR sensor with a smart target tracker with artificial intelligence features the ability to fire on grid target coordinates using an inertial measurement unit for third party target allocation and is compatible with legacy launchers The missile is designed with a counter active protection system CAPS capability being able to hit targets at higher impact angles of up to 70 degrees 14 27 28 First ordered by the Israel Defense Forces IDF in October 2017 29 Spike ER edit nbsp Spike ER missiles mounted on a Rafael Typhoon MLS ER Remote Weapons System onboard an MPAC Mk III attack boat of the Philippine Navy Extended range or extra long range version of the weapon Israeli designation NT Dandy or NT D It has a minimum range of 400 m and a maximum range of 8 000 m 5 0 mi 30 It has a larger diameter and is heavier than the other systems and is usually vehicle mounted It is used by infantry Light Combat Vehicle LCVs and helicopters The Finnish Navy s Coastal Jaegers and Philippine Navy s Multi purpose Attack Craft Mk III also operate this version in the anti ship role The weight of the missile is 34 kg 74 lb 15 oz the launchers are 30 kg 66 lb and 55 kg 121 lb respectively for the vehicle and air launched versions Penetration is around 1 000 mm 39 in of RHA 23 Spike ER II edit In August 2018 Rafael disclosed the development of an enhancement of the missile called the Spike ER II It retains the same weight airframe surface geometries and propulsion unit but introduces a two way RF data link to increase real time control to an extended range of 16 km 9 9 mi from helicopters it also has an extended fiber optic link to increase range to 10 km 6 2 mi from land and naval platforms 31 Spike NLOS edit nbsp A Bulgarian Land Forces militarised Land Cruiser 70 with a Spike NLOS Mk 5 launcher Non Line Of Sight is an ultra long range version of the weapon Israeli designation Tamuz תמוז with a claimed maximum range of 25 km 16 mi It is a significantly larger missile than other Spike variants with an overall weight of around 70 kg 150 lb It can be launched from the ground or from helicopters It was developed following lessons learned in the Yom Kippur War which showed a need for a high precision guided tactical ground to ground battlefield missile The first variants entered service with the Israel Defense Forces IDF in tandem with the Pereh missile carrier in 1981 though the existence of both was not revealed to the public until 2011 32 33 34 The Spike NLOS uses a fiber optic link similar to other Spike versions but only out to 8 km after which it employs a radio data link for command guidance 35 In 2011 it also became known that in a highly unusual move the British Army was hastily equipped with the missile for counter mortar fire drawn directly from IDF inventory after being exposed to increasing insurgent attacks in Iraq beginning in 2007 three variants of the NLOS were procured A total of 600 missiles were acquired the breakdown being 200 optical camera equipped NLOS MK 2 in 2007 200 thermal imaging equipped NLOS MK 4 in 2008 for night operations together with the MK 2 these were known as EXACTOR 1 200 dual camera equipped NLOS MK 5 EXACTOR 2 followed in 2009 which featured wings for slower but better maneuvering flight and a multi purpose warhead replacing the anti armor warhead of previous versions 36 For operational security the codename of EXACTOR missile was assigned in British service and it was initially mounted on launchers atop leased M113 APCs The MK 2 performed badly being too fast and difficult to control the M113 overheated in the desert and had a poor resolution camera display that compared unfavorably with its contemporaries 37 So Britain financed the development of the Mk 5 known in British service as the EXACTOR 2 which replaced the M113 APC with a towed trailer known as SPARC holding four missiles in a 360 degree rotating turret that could be remotely controlled up to 500 m away 38 ditching the non standard M113 APCs altogether when in 2010 the batteries were transferred from Iraq to Afghanistan 39 40 In a deal concluded on 6 September 2011 the South Korean government had agreed to purchase an unknown number of Mk 5 Spike NLOS missiles 41 42 Rafael is working on expanding the missile s versatility by enhancing the existing EO IR CCD seeker with semi active laser SAL capability and different anti armor blast penetration and high explosive fragmentation warheads to meet specific applications 25 In 2020 the US Army announced its intention to procure Spike NLOS missiles to be mounted on Apache helicopters 43 A test was conducted in March 2021 where an AH 64E fired a Spike NLOS at a target 32 km 20 mi away and scored a direct hit 44 In June 2022 Rafael unveiled the Spike NLOS 6th generation with range increased to 50 kilometres 31 mi a salvo feature which can launch up to four missiles at a time and the ability to hand over control after firing to another platform It also has a Target Image Acquisition capability that can prioritize important targets for strike and can be carried by strategic UAVs in the Heron TP class 45 46 Mini Spike edit On 2 September 2009 at an IDF exhibition held at the third Latrun annual land warfare conference the Israeli Defense Force unveiled a new member of the Spike family of missiles the Mini Spike Anti personnel guided weapon APGW 47 48 Rafael claimed that this latest member of the Spike family of missile costs and weighed only a third of the Spike LR at 4 kg 8 8 lb while offering a longer engagement range of 1 3 1 5 km 0 81 0 93 mi when compared to the Spike SR It was to introduce new flight modes to enable precision strikes in urban areas such as flying through windows or attacking an enemy hidden behind defilade or obstacles using non line of sight engagement Mini Spike would use the same launcher and sight system of the Spike LR loading the missile on a special adaptor 17 49 By 2016 Mini Spike development had been discontinued 16 Aerospike edit In May 2022 Rafael unveiled the Aerospike a version of the Spike LR II designed to be launched from fixed wing aircraft Weighing 14 kg and utilizing the same airframe EO IR seekers and warheads as the Spike LR II it features longer wings to give it an improved glide ratio for a range of 30 km 19 mi when launched from 8 200 metres 27 000 ft The munition does not require GPS to navigate incorporating scene matching technology and detection and tracking capabilities A real time RF data link allows for man in the loop operation enabling mid flight target handover re targeting and abort options while also controlling approach angle azimuth and flight trajectory achieving accuracy within 3 meters of the target with a HEAT or blast fragmentation warhead By the time of public announcement the Aerospike was already in service with unnamed users 50 51 52 Missile copies edit Almas edit Iran received Israeli Spike MRs captured during the 2006 Lebanon War by Hezbollah fighters 53 An unlicensed variant that goes by the name of Almas Persian الماس 54 The ATGM was unveiled in public on July 7 2021 54 In January 2024 a video was released that appeared to show Hezbollah forces using the system against an Israeli surveillance outpost 55 Operators edit nbsp Map with Spike operators in blue nbsp Australia Spike LR II selected by the Australian Army in 2018 56 36 LAND 159 for dismounted infantry LAND 400 2 equipping the 211 Boxer CRV with LANCE turret LAND 400 3 equipping the 129 K21 Redback nbsp Azerbaijan Total 350 Spike LR and 250 Spike NLOS missiles some of which are mounted on the Plasan Sand Cat 36 and Mil Mi 17 57 nbsp Belgium 240 Spike MR LR missiles ordered in 2013 delivery completed in 2015 36 nbsp Bulgaria Unspecified amount of Spike NLOS Mk 5 launchers procured Seen in public for the first time at HEMUS 2022 nbsp Brazil 100 Spike LR missiles ordered in November 2021 58 nbsp Cameroon Spike MR LR ordered in 2022 59 nbsp Canada Spike LR missiles since 2016 as part of CANSOFCOM 60 In December 2023 Canada announced the purchase of Spike LR II missiles to equip the Canadian Brigade in Latvia 61 nbsp Chile Total 2 200 Spike MR LR ER missiles for use on modernised Marder IFVs 36 nbsp Colombia Total 85 Spike LR ER and 110 Spike NLOS missiles 36 The Colombian Air Force s fleet of Sikorsky AH 60L Arpia IV 62 series helicopters are armed with three variants of the Spike the ER LR and NLOS 63 nbsp Croatia Croatia has ordered Spike LRII launchers for its Patria AMV vehicles that are in the IFV configuration Croatia has plans to increase the number of Patria AMV IFVs from the current number of 9 to 16 With 7 vehicles being newly purchased Therefore additional orders of Spike missles were made 64 65 Spike SR MR Missiles are being ruled out as Croatian army opted for Javelin missile to equip its infantry formations 66 67 nbsp Czech Republic Total 500 Spike LR missiles for use on Pandur II IFVs 36 nbsp Denmark Spike LR II To be integrated in the Royal Danish Army from 2021 to 2025 Will be used by infantry and from Protector Remote Weapon Station 68 69 nbsp Ecuador Total 244 missiles delivered October 2009 70 clarification needed nbsp Estonia 18 Spike LR II launchers bought from EuroSpike GmbH More than 500 Spike SR systems purchased in 2022 71 72 73 nbsp Finland Total 900 missiles breakdown being 300 Spike MR 200 Spike LR with the remaining 400 being Spike ER 36 100 MR Panssarintorjuntaohjusjarjestelma 2000 launchers plus an option for 70 more and 18 ER Rannikko ohjus 2006 launchers for coastal anti ship use 74 Also Spike LR missiles as a newer purchase 75 clarification needed In December 2022 Finland ordered additional Spike SR LR2 and ER2 missiles for 223 6 MEUR 76 nbsp Germany As of August 2023 the Bundeswehr ordered 4426 Spike LR 179 launcher units for the infantry and the launchers for the 350 Puma 2008 contract with EuroSpike to integrate the Spike LR MELLS to the Puma IFV 2009 framework agreement for 311 ICLU with Rafael and Eurospike as the Spike is also selected to be used by Infantry detached personal special forces and to be mounted on a tripod temporarily on the Puma IFV until its full system integration 35 million 77 December 2011 1 160 MELLS missiles ordered 119 3 million 78 March 2017 158 4 million order which includes 78 1 000 MELLS missiles 112 4 million 97 launcher units 25 6 million 214 ICLU remaining from the initial framework agreement Integration to Bundeswehr s laser based training and simulation system AGDUS 20 3 million November 2019 framework agreement with EuroSpike GmbH for 11 500 missiles 214 launcher units storage containers Out of the agreement the orders include 1 500 MELLS missiles in November 2019 79 666 MELLS missiles and 82 launcher units in March 2021 for 88 million 80 nbsp Greece In April 2023 Greece ordered 17 Spike NLOS systems on 4x4 vehicles plus more on 9 AH 64 Apache helicopters and 4 Machitis class gunboats 81 82 nbsp Hungary Spike LR II for Lynx armoured fighting vehicles 83 nbsp India Defense News reported that the Indian Army wanted to order Spike missiles and peripheral equipment in a 1 billion deal Indian Ministry of Defence officials told the magazine that the order is for 321 launchers 8 356 missiles 15 training simulators and peripheral equipment 84 85 86 In October 2014 India chose to buy the Spike over the U S Javelin 87 India s state owned Bharat Dynamics Limited will be the systems integrator for the missiles with major work share for manufacture to be handled by Bharat Dynamics and Kalyani Group 88 On 20 November 2017 it was announced that the deal was cancelled due to lack of transfer of technology The DRDO has been instructed to produce an indigenous missile 89 90 91 However Indian media sources have reported that the contract will proceed as part of a restructured government to government agreement 92 In April 2019 following the 2019 border skirmishes with Pakistan the Indian Army approved an emergency purchase of 240 Spike MR missiles and 12 launchers to meet immediate requirements 93 which were inducted into service in early October 2019 94 clarification needed nbsp Iran Unlicensed clone as Almas Reverse engineered Spike MR with modifications Originally captured by Hezbollah during the 2006 Lebanon War and given to Iran nbsp Israel The Spike NLOS Tammuz was introduced into service in the early 1980s In 1997 the Spike MR Gil LR Gomed ER Perakh Bar with associated launchers entered service 33 nbsp Italian Army 8th Bersaglieri Regiment Spike launch during an exercise nbsp Italy Total 1 490 Spike LR and 750 Spike ER missiles with associated launchers and training systems Spike LR are for use on Dardo IFV Freccia IFV and VTLM Lince while Spike ER are for use by AH 129 Mangusta attack helicopters 36 In July 2023 a contract for 143 million running from 2023 to 2030 was passed to supply Spike LR2 to the Italian Army and the Navy 95 nbsp Kurdistan Operated by the Peshmerga might have been funded by Italy or Germany or could have been directly from Israel 96 97 nbsp Latvia Total 12 Spike LR 74 98 99 Additional order in February 2018 100 101 102 nbsp Lithuania Total 1 000 Spike LR missiles delivered for use on Boxer armored vehicles 36 103 104 nbsp Netherlands Total 2 400 Spike MR missiles including 297 launchers and associated training systems ordered in 2001 deliveries began in 2006 and was completed by 2011 36 A total of 237 launchers and 1 974 missiles was assigned to the Royal Netherlands Army while the remaining 60 launchers and 459 missiles was assigned to the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps 105 The first weapon was actually issued in 2004 to the Regiment van Heutsz 106 nbsp Peru Total 516 Spike LR and 175 Spike ER missiles including 48 launchers 36 nbsp Philippines The Philippine Navy operates the missiles Spike ER variant for the missile capable versions of its Multipurpose Assault Crafts 107 Spike NLOS are for the Navy s AW159 Wildcat helicopters 108 109 and Acero class fast attack interdiction crafts 110 111 nbsp Poland A total of 2 675 Spike LR missiles with 264 launchers and training systems were ordered in 2003 in a deal worth 425 million with deliveries completed by 2013 36 A follow up order of 800 more Spike LR missiles for use on Rosomak IFVs in a deal including local production in Poland was placed in 2015 with deliveries between 2019 and 2022 36 nbsp Romania Total 3 000 missiles breakdown being 2 000 Spike LR for use on MLI 84M IFVs with the remaining 1 000 being Spike ER for use on IAR 330 SOCAT attack helicopters 36 An unspecified number of portable Spike LR are also in service 112 nbsp Singapore Airshow 2008 a locally developed twin tube launcher for the Spike as mounted on a Light Strike Vehicle of the Singapore Army nbsp Singapore In 1999 Singapore became the second country to acquire the Spike ATGM 113 Total 1 500 Spike LR missiles with associated launchers and training systems received between 2001 and 2006 36 Between 2017 and 2018 another 500 Spike SR was received as the new generation anti tank guided missile for its infantry battalions 114 115 Spikes variants are produced locally by ST Engineering The Hunter AFV of the Singapore Army is equipped with a twin tube pop up launcher There has been further orders for the Spike LR II for use on the Hunter AFV and infantry units nbsp Slovakia Spike LR II 116 100 missiles 10 launchers 117 nbsp Slovenia Spike MR LR has been in operational use in the Slovenian Armed Forces since 2009 118 Total 75 missiles Some will be on Patria AMVs citation needed In September 2022 EuroSpike was awarded a 6 6 million contract to supply 50 Spike LR2s 119 nbsp Switzerland The Swiss Armed Forces selected the Spike LR II as its long range anti tank guided missile system for ground troops in 2023 It will replace the TOW ATGM 120 nbsp Thailand Under a deal reached in 2020 the Royal Thai Army took delivery of the Spike MR missiles and launchers 121 Spike MR was a contender along with Javelin 122 nbsp South Korea A South Korean government deal concluded on 6 September 2011 confirmed the procurement of unspecified numbers of Spike NLOS of which about 50 missiles will be forward deployed to the South Korean islands of Baengnyeongdo and Yeonpyeongdo close to the Northern Limit Line with North Korea 41 42 On 19 May 2013 the South Korean military confirmed that dozens of Spike missiles had been deployed on the islands 123 The Republic of Korea Navy will also deploy the Spike NLOS on AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat helicopters 124 and the Republic of Korea Marine Corps has the Spike NLOS mounted on Plasan Sand Cat light vehicle 125 nbsp Spike NLOS being fired from a Plasan Sand Cat nbsp Spain Total 2 630 Spike LR including 260 launchers and associated training systems and 200 Spike ER missiles for use by Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters 36 A total of 236 launchers and 2 360 Spike LR missiles was assigned to the Spanish Army while the remaining 24 launchers and 240 missiles was assigned to the Spanish Marines 74 nbsp United Kingdom 600 Spike NLOS missiles were procured by the British Army the exact breakdown being 200 NLOS MK 2 200 NLOS MK 4 and 200 NLOS MK 5 ordered in the years 2007 2008 and 2009 respectively In British service it has the name Exactor 36 39 40 74 126 page needed nbsp United States The Spike was offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems as a possible contender in the US Army JAWS missile program in 1996 127 In January 2020 the Army revealed it would field the Spike NLOS on AH 64 Apache helicopters as an interim solution to acquire a longer range stand off weapon 128 Evaluations edit nbsp Turkey In January 1998 a partnership arrangement was announced between Israel Aerospace Industries and Kamov to market the Kamov Ka 50 2 attack helicopter in Turkish competition One of the optional armaments being offered for the Ka 50 2 was the Spike ER missile 127 Eventually Ka 50 2 lost to TAI AgustaWestland T129 ATAK Turkey has also examined the use of Rafael Overhead Weapon Station with Spike for its Otokar Cobra light armored vehicles 127 nbsp United Kingdom In February 2001 the British MoD awarded two contracts valued at 8 8 million for a year long assessment of the Javelin and Spike MR The Spike was being offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems teamed with Matra BAe Dynamics while the Javelin was being offered by a team of Lockheed Martin and Raytheon The UK would like to field a lightweight antitank missile system for its Joint Rapid Reaction Force by 2005 In February 2003 the British MoD selected the Javelin 127 Failed bids edit nbsp Portugal A total of 2 Spike LR launchers would be fitted on Portuguese Marine Corps Pandur II IFV APC s but the program was cancelled due to problems between the Portuguese government Steyr Daimler Puch and Fabrequipa local Pandur II manufacturer 36 129 130 See also editAkeron MP ALAS missile AT 1K Raybolt HJ 12 MPATGM OMTAS Sadid 1 Stugna P Type 01 LMATReferences edit Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti tank missile deals GLOBES 13 August 2023 Retrieved 14 August 2023 Missile Procurement Army FY2021 PDF Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti tank missile deals GLOBES 13 August 2023 Retrieved 14 August 2023 a b A multitude of launchers for a multitude of use EuroSpike GmbH Archived from the original on 10 July 2011 Retrieved 29 June 2010 a b Defense Update issue 2 07 May June 2007 Electro Optically Guided Weapons Defense Update Com Archived from the original on 6 January 2010 Retrieved 1 July 2010 Eurocopter Fires Spike Missile From HAD Tiger Spacewar com Archived from the original on 14 May 2010 Retrieved 24 May 2010 Tiger HAD Enters Firing Campaign Using the Spike Missile Deagel com 12 September 2008 Archived from the original on 17 October 2010 Retrieved 24 May 2010 UAE Seeks Weaponized UH 60M Battlehawk Helicopters Archived from the original on 21 September 2008 Retrieved 28 January 2012 EuroSpike GmbH EuroSpike GmbH Archived from the original on 20 December 2010 Retrieved 1 July 2010 Yeo Mike 28 July 2020 Singapore Israeli firms team to develop new ship killing missile Defense News Archived from the original on 2 August 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2022 Multi Purpose Missiles Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Archived from the original on 4 September 2011 Retrieved 26 August 2011 Grylls George Weiniger Gabrielle 3 April 2024 How Israel s super accurate Spike missiles may have killed British aid workers in Gaza The Sunday Times London Retrieved 7 April 2024 McKernan Bethan 2 April 2024 Charities halt Gaza aid after drone attack that killed seven workers The Guardian Retrieved 7 April 2024 a b c SPIKE LR II Missile Weapons System PDF RAFAEL Systems Ltd Archived PDF from the original on 16 January 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 a b Rafael Unveils a Light Affordable Member of the Spike Missile Family Archived 11 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Defense Update com 14 February 2012 a b c Hughes Robin 12 May 2016 Rafael unveils Spike SR PBF warhead variant IHS Jane s 360 Janes com Archived from the original on 13 May 2016 Retrieved 24 March 2017 a b Enhancing The New Spike Family Archived 25 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Defense Update com 31 December 2010 Opall Rome Barbara 14 June 2016 Rafael Concludes First Exports of Shoulder Fired Anti Tank Missile Defense News Archived from the original on 11 February 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Singapore Army acquires Rafael Spike SR anti armour missile system Jane s 360 www janes com Archived from the original on 1 December 2017 Retrieved 28 November 2017 Spike Medium Range MR Fire amp Forget for visible targets EuroSpike GmbH Archived from the original on 7 December 2009 Retrieved 29 June 2010 Rheinmetall Defence 26 06 2009 Rheinmetall Auftrag im MELLS Programm im Wert von 35 MioEuro 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Archived from the original on 5 May 2023 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Fast Attack Interdiction Craft Missile FAIC M Acquisition Project of the Philippine Navy Philippine Defense Resource Retrieved 20 June 2019 Israel delivers two new Acero class patrol gunboats to Philippines Navy Recognition 13 April 2023 Archived from the original on 10 July 2023 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Romania orders portable Spike LR missiles ir ia com 21 December 2017 Army Gets New Anti Tank Weapon Press release Singaporean Ministry of Defence MINDEF 25 June 2005 Archived from the original on 26 March 2017 Retrieved 25 August 2011 Singapore Army unveils Rafael Spike SR missiles kementah blogspot co il 29 May 2017 Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 Retrieved 30 May 2017 Wong Kelvin 31 May 2017 Singapore Army reveals Rafael Spike SR anti armour missile system IHS Jane s 360 Singapore Archived from the original on 30 May 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2017 סלובקיה רוכשת טילי נ ט ספייק מרפאל בעשרות מיליוני דולרים 7 March 2020 Protitankovy raketovy system Spike uz dodali stal 18 3 miliona eur 27 March 2022 Pors Spike Mr Lr Slovenskavojska si Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 Retrieved 24 March 2017 Slovenian army to receive 50 Spike LR2 long range anti tank guided missiles Defense News September 2022 Global Security army industry Defense Security global news industry army year 2022 Archive News year 12 September 2022 Model selected for new anti tank guided missile Armasuisse press release Retrieved 4 April 2023 Royal Thai Army receives Rafael Spike missile systems 28 December 2020 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 April 2012 Retrieved 23 November 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Israeli Spike missiles deployed The Korea Times 19 May 2013 Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 21 May 2013 Seoul to Equip its New Maritime Helicopters with Israeli SPIKE Missiles Archived 1 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Defense Update com 6 January 2014 South Korean Marine Corps has test fire Spike NLOS anti tank guided missile from SandCat vehicle Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Armyrecognition com 8 August 2016 Jane s International Defence Review IHS November 2011 Rupert Pengelley a b c d NT Spike Tealgroup Corporation March 2011 Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 Retrieved 3 December 2011 US Army to field Israeli made long range missile on helicopters Defense News 9 January 2020 Comissao Parlamentar de Inquerito aos Programas relativos a Aquisicao de Equipamentos Militares PDF Blindados Anfibios Pandur II Blogue Barco A Vista 22 December 2009 Retrieved 16 June 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spike missiles Official website Rafael Advanced Defence System for worldwide marketing Official website EuroSpike GmbH for marketing in Europe Singapore Army s facsheet on Spike ATGM Defense Update Com s webpage on Spike Spike anti tank anti armour guided missile on armyrecognition com Rafael Spike MissileVideo linksSpike NLOS Mk 5 air deployable launcher firing test on YouTube Spike ER II firing test on YouTube Spike LR II firing test on YouTube Spike SR MR LR ER NLOS firing test on YouTube EuroSpike GmbH video of EuroSpike live firing on YouTube by Finnish Coastal Jager troops of the Finnish Navy 2010 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube 2006 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spike missile amp oldid 1217909828, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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