This article is about the Titaness in Greek mythology. For other Greek mythological figures named Dione, see Dione (mythology). For other uses, see Dione (disambiguation).
Dione (Διώνη Diṓnē, from earlier *Διϝωνᾱ Diwōnā) is essentially the feminine of the genitive form of Greek Ζεύς Zeús, that is, Διός Diós (from earlier Διϝός Diwós), "of Zeus". Other goddesses were called by this name (see the Dione (mythology) article for more).[3]
Due to being a daughter of Dione by some traditions, Aphrodite was sometimes called "Dionaea" (Διωναίη Diōnaíē) and even "Dione".[4]
Following the deciphering of Linear B by Ventris and Chadwick in the 1950s, a goddess named Di-u-ja was found in the tablets. This was considered to be a female counterpart of Zeus and identified with Dione by some scholars.[who?]
By the time of Strabo, Dione was worshiped at a sacred grove near Lepreon on the west coast of the Peloponnesus.[6] She was also worshiped as a consort at the temples of Zeus,[7] particularly his oracle at Dodona[8] (perhaps the original, Indo-European consort of Zeus). Herodotus called this the oldest oracle in Greece and recorded two related accounts of its founding: the priests at Thebes in Egypt told him that two priestesses had been taken by Phoenician pirates, one to Libya and the other to Dodona and continued their earlier rites; the priestesses of Dodona claimed that two black doves[9] had flown to Libya and Dodona and commanded the creation of oracles to Zeus.[10] Homer[11] and Herodotus both make Zeus the principal deity of the site, but some scholars propose Dodona originally served as a cult center of an earth goddess.[citation needed]
In the 2nd-century BC sculptural frieze of the Great Altar of Pergamum, Dione is inscribed in the cornice directly above her name and figures in the eastern third of the north frieze, among the Olympian family of Aphrodite. This placement–making her the offspring of Gaia and Uranus–is Homeric and contradicts the theory put forth by Erika Simon that the altar's organization was Hesiodic.[12] Dione's possible appearance in the east pediment of the Parthenon[13] would likewise place her among the children of Gaia and Uranus.
Literary sources
The mythology concerning Dione is not consistent across the existing sources.
Homer
In Book V of the Iliad, during the last year of the Trojan War, Aphrodite attempts to save her son Aeneas from the rampaging Greek heroDiomedes as she had previously saved her favorite Paris from his duel with Menelaus in Book III. Enraged, Diomedes chases her and drives his spear into her hand between the wrist and palm. Escorted by Iris to Ares, she borrows his horses and returns to Olympus. Dione consoles her with other examples of gods wounded by mortals — Ares bound by the Aloadae and Hera and Hades shot by Heracles — and notes that Diomedes is risking his life by fighting against the gods.
In fact, Diomedes subsequently fought both Apollo and Ares but lived to an old age; his wife Aegialia, however, took other lovers and never permitted him to return home to Argos after the war.
Dione then heals her wounds and Zeus, while admonishing her to leave the battlefield, calls her daughter.
Hesiod
Dione is not mentioned in Hesiod's treatment of the Titans, although the name does appear in the Theogony among his list of Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys,[14] and according to Hesiod, Aphrodite was born from the foam created by the severed genitals of Uranus, when they were thrown into the sea by Cronus, after he castrated Uranus.[15]
Apollodorus
The mythographer Apollodorus (first or second century AD) includes Dione among the Titans and makes her the child of Gaia and Uranus.[16] He makes her the mother of Aphrodite by Zeus but clearly describes Dione as one of the god's adulterous partners and not his wife.[17]
^Miller, Patrick D. (1967). "El the Warrior". The Harvard Theological Review. 60 (4): 411–431. doi:10.1017/S0017816000003886. JSTOR 1509250. S2CID 162038758.
^Peck, Harry T. Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities 2014-12-19 at the Wayback Machine. Harper & Bros. (New York), 1898.
^British Museum website. Another interpretation of the two figures at the right, however, is that they are the Sea (Thalassa) in the lap of the Earth (Gaia).
^Thompson, Dorothy B. Hesperia Supplements, 20 (1982), pp. 155–219. "Studies in Athenian Architecture, Sculpture and Topography: A Dove for Dione". JSTOR 1353956
^The priest(esse)s were variously known as selloi and as peliades ("doves"). Thompson (1982).
^Homer. Iliad, Book XVI, & Odyssey, Books XIV & XIX.
^Simon, E. (1975). Pergamon und Hesiod. Mainz: Von Zabern. ISBN3-8053-0083-2.
^Carpenter, Rhys (1962). "On Restoring the East Pediment of the Parthenon". American Journal of Archaeology. 66 (3): 265–268 [p. 267]. doi:10.2307/501452. JSTOR 501452. S2CID 192955913.
Burkert, Walter (2005), "Chapter Twenty: Near Eastern Connections", in Foley, John Miles (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Epic, New York and London: Blackwell Publishing, ISBN978-1-4051-0524-8
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Evelyn-White, Hugh, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
Euripides, The Complete Greek Drama', edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 2. Helen, translated by E. P. Coleridge. New York. Random House. 1938.
Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dione.
DIONE from the Theoi Project
DIONE from greekmythology.com
May 05, 2023
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This article is about the Titaness in Greek mythology For other Greek mythological figures named Dione see Dione mythology For other uses see Dione disambiguation In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology Dione d aɪ ˈ oʊ n iː Greek Diwnh translit Diṓne is an oracular goddess a Titaness 3 primarily known from Book V of Homer s Iliad where she tends to the wounds suffered by her daughter Aphrodite Dione is presented as either an Oceanid daughter of Oceanus and Tethys or the thirteenth Titan daughter of Gaia and Uranus DioneDione in the north frieze of the Pergamon Altar Pergamon Museum BerlinPersonal informationParentsUranus and Gaia or Aether or Oceanus and TethysSiblingsOceanids and Potamoi orTitans CriusCronusCoeusHyperionIapetusMnemosyneOceanusPhoebeRheaTheiaThemisTethysConsortZeus or UranusChildrenAphroditeEquivalentsCanaanite equivalentBa alat Gebal 1 Mesopotamian equivalentAntu 2 Contents 1 Name 2 Worship 3 Literary sources 3 1 Homer 3 2 Hesiod 3 3 Apollodorus 3 4 Hyginus 3 5 Hesychius 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksName EditDione Diwnh Diṓne from earlier Diϝwnᾱ Diwōna is essentially the feminine of the genitive form of Greek Zeys Zeus that is Dios Dios from earlier Diϝos Diwos of Zeus Other goddesses were called by this name see the Dione mythology article for more 3 Due to being a daughter of Dione by some traditions Aphrodite was sometimes called Dionaea Diwnaih Diōnaie and even Dione 4 Following the deciphering of Linear B by Ventris and Chadwick in the 1950s a goddess named Di u ja was found in the tablets This was considered to be a female counterpart of Zeus and identified with Dione by some scholars who Worship EditMain article Dodona Three goddesses from the Parthenon east pediment possibly Hestia Dione and Aphrodite c 435 BC British Museum 5 Sanctuairy of Dodone from the theater By the time of Strabo Dione was worshiped at a sacred grove near Lepreon on the west coast of the Peloponnesus 6 She was also worshiped as a consort at the temples of Zeus 7 particularly his oracle at Dodona 8 perhaps the original Indo European consort of Zeus Herodotus called this the oldest oracle in Greece and recorded two related accounts of its founding the priests at Thebes in Egypt told him that two priestesses had been taken by Phoenician pirates one to Libya and the other to Dodona and continued their earlier rites the priestesses of Dodona claimed that two black doves 9 had flown to Libya and Dodona and commanded the creation of oracles to Zeus 10 Homer 11 and Herodotus both make Zeus the principal deity of the site but some scholars propose Dodona originally served as a cult center of an earth goddess citation needed In the 2nd century BC sculptural frieze of the Great Altar of Pergamum Dione is inscribed in the cornice directly above her name and figures in the eastern third of the north frieze among the Olympian family of Aphrodite This placement making her the offspring of Gaia and Uranus is Homeric and contradicts the theory put forth by Erika Simon that the altar s organization was Hesiodic 12 Dione s possible appearance in the east pediment of the Parthenon 13 would likewise place her among the children of Gaia and Uranus Literary sources EditThe mythology concerning Dione is not consistent across the existing sources Homer Edit In Book V of the Iliad during the last year of the Trojan War Aphrodite attempts to save her son Aeneas from the rampaging Greek hero Diomedes as she had previously saved her favorite Paris from his duel with Menelaus in Book III Enraged Diomedes chases her and drives his spear into her hand between the wrist and palm Escorted by Iris to Ares she borrows his horses and returns to Olympus Dione consoles her with other examples of gods wounded by mortals Ares bound by the Aloadae and Hera and Hades shot by Heracles and notes that Diomedes is risking his life by fighting against the gods In fact Diomedes subsequently fought both Apollo and Ares but lived to an old age his wife Aegialia however took other lovers and never permitted him to return home to Argos after the war Dione then heals her wounds and Zeus while admonishing her to leave the battlefield calls her daughter Hesiod Edit Dione is not mentioned in Hesiod s treatment of the Titans although the name does appear in the Theogony among his list of Oceanids the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys 14 and according to Hesiod Aphrodite was born from the foam created by the severed genitals of Uranus when they were thrown into the sea by Cronus after he castrated Uranus 15 Apollodorus Edit The mythographer Apollodorus first or second century AD includes Dione among the Titans and makes her the child of Gaia and Uranus 16 He makes her the mother of Aphrodite by Zeus but clearly describes Dione as one of the god s adulterous partners and not his wife 17 Hyginus Edit The Genealogy or Preface of Gaius Julius Hyginus s Fabulae lists Dione among the children of Terra Earth and Aether 18 Hesychius Edit The 5th century grammarian Hesychius of Alexandria described Dione as the mother of Bacchus in her entry from his Alphabetical Collection of All Words 19 This is separately supported by one of the scholiasts on Pindar 20 See also EditGoddess Dyeus the reconstructed sky deity of the Proto Indo European pantheon and etymological origin of Zeus and Dione Notes Edit Miller Patrick D 1967 El the Warrior The Harvard Theological Review 60 4 411 431 doi 10 1017 S0017816000003886 JSTOR 1509250 S2CID 162038758 Burkert 2005 p 300 a b Smith William Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Dione Spottiswoode amp Co London 1873 Peck Harry T Harper s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities Archived 2014 12 19 at the Wayback Machine Harper amp Bros New York 1898 British Museum website Another interpretation of the two figures at the right however is that they are the Sea Thalassa in the lap of the Earth Gaia Strabo Geographica Vol VIII Strabo Geographica Vol VII Thompson Dorothy B Hesperia Supplements 20 1982 pp 155 219 Studies in Athenian Architecture Sculpture and Topography A Dove for Dione JSTOR 1353956 The priest esse s were variously known as selloi and as peliades doves Thompson 1982 Herodotus Histories Vol II 54 57 Homer Iliad Book XVI amp Odyssey Books XIV amp XIX Simon E 1975 Pergamon und Hesiod Mainz Von Zabern ISBN 3 8053 0083 2 Carpenter Rhys 1962 On Restoring the East Pediment of the Parthenon American Journal of Archaeology 66 3 265 268 p 267 doi 10 2307 501452 JSTOR 501452 S2CID 192955913 Hesiod Theogony 353 Hesiod Theogony 183 200 Apollodorus I i 3 Apollodorus I iii Hyginus Fabulae Preface Hesychius Alphabetical Collection of All Words Bakkhou Diṓnes Scholiast on Pindar s Pythian Ode 3 177 References EditBurkert Walter 2005 Chapter Twenty Near Eastern Connections in Foley John Miles ed A Companion to Ancient Epic New York and London Blackwell Publishing ISBN 978 1 4051 0524 8 Homer The Iliad with an English Translation by A T Murray PhD in two volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1924 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Hesiod Theogony in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Evelyn White Hugh The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Homeric Hymns Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Euripides The Complete Greek Drama edited by Whitney J Oates and Eugene O Neill Jr in two volumes 2 Helen translated by E P Coleridge New York Random House 1938 Strabo The Geography of Strabo Edition by H L Jones Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1924 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Apollodorus Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Hyginus Gaius Julius The Myths of Hyginus Edited and translated by Mary A Grant Lawrence University of Kansas Press 1960 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dione DIONE from the Theoi Project DIONE from greekmythology com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dione Titaness amp oldid 1140185084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
