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Wikipedia

Developed country

April 25, 2024

"Industrial nation" redirects here. For the magazine, see Industrialnation.
Not to be confused with Developing country.
For the investing classification, see Developed market.

A developed country, or high-income country,[3][4] is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[5] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP (PPP) per capita of at least US$22,000. In 2023, 40 countries fit all four criteria, while an additional 15 countries fit three out of four.

  Developed countries (IMF)
  Developing countries (IMF)
  Least developed countries (UN)
  Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications per the IMF[1] and the UN[2] (last updated April 2023). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue. The map does not include classifications by the World Bank.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2023, advanced economies comprise 57.3% of global GDP based on nominal values and 41.1% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[6]

Definition and criteria edit

 
UNCTAD members classifications
  List A
  List B, consisting predominantly of developed countries
  List C
  List D
  To be assigned

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[7][8]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[9]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[10]

Nevertheless, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as well as Australia and New Zealand.[11]

Similar terms edit

See also: Global North and Global South

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[12]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[13]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[14] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria edit

Human Development Index (HDI) edit

Main articles: Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index
 
The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   Very high
  •   High
  •   Medium
  •   Low
  •   No data
 
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   ≥ 0.950
  •   0.900–0.950
  •   0.850–0.899
  •   0.800–0.849
  •   0.750–0.799
  •   0.700–0.749
  •   0.650–0.699
  •   0.600–0.649
  •   0.550–0.599
  •   0.500–0.549
  •   0.450–0.499
  •   0.400–0.449
  •   ≤ 0.399
  •   Data unavailable

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries in the year 2022 are considered to be of "very high human development":[15]

Rank Δ Country or territory HDI %

annual growth

(2010-2022)

1      Switzerland 0.967   0.24%
2   (1)   Norway 0.966   0.25%
3     Iceland 0.959   0.28%
4   (2)   Hong Kong 0.956   0.38%
5   (1)   Denmark 0.952   0.35%
    Sweden   0.38%
7   (8)   Ireland 0.950   0.38%
  (3)   Germany   0.19%
9   (1)   Singapore 0.949   0.25%
10   (1)   Netherlands 0.946   0.26%
  (1)   Australia   0.20%
12   (2)   Liechtenstein 0.942   0.23%
  (3)   Belgium   0.26%
    Finland   0.27%
15   (3)   United Kingdom 0.940   0.24%
16   (7)   New Zealand 0.939   0.13%
17   (19)   United Arab Emirates 0.937   1.04%
18   (5)   Canada 0.935   0.22%
19   (3)   South Korea 0.929   0.36%
20   (1)   Luxembourg 0.927   0.14%
  (5)   United States   0.10%
22   (1)   Slovenia 0.926   0.33%
  (1)   Austria   0.21%
24   (4)   Japan 0.920   0.16%
25   (1)   Israel 0.915   0.26%
  (3)   Malta   0.50%
27     Spain 0.911   0.40%
28   (3)   France 0.910   0.28%
29   (3)   Cyprus 0.907   0.45%
30     Italy 0.906   0.24%
31   (2)   Estonia 0.899   0.33%
32   (6)   Czech Republic 0.895   0.22%
33   (3)   Greece 0.893   0.18%
34   (3)   Bahrain 0.888   0.80%
35   (3)   Andorra 0.884   0.20%
36   (2)   Poland 0.881   0.35%
37   (2)   Latvia 0.879   0.51%
  (2)   Lithuania   0.32%
39   (6)   Croatia 0.878   0.53%
40     Qatar 0.875   0.45%
  (6)   Saudi Arabia   0.70%
42     Portugal 0.874   0.42%
43   (10)   San Marino 0.867   0.32%
44     Chile 0.860   0.47%
45   (9)   Turkey 0.855   1.10%
  (5)   Slovakia   0.14%
47     Hungary 0.851   0.22%
48   (6)   Argentina 0.849   0.15%
49     Kuwait 0.847   0.36%
50   (1)   Montenegro 0.844   0.38%
51   (2)   Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.838   0.49%
52   (8)   Uruguay 0.830   0.47%
53   (3)   Romania 0.827   0.14%
54   (1)   Antigua and Barbuda 0.826   0.18%
55   (7)   Brunei 0.823   0.02%
56   (3)   Russia 0.821   0.25%
57   (3)   Bahamas 0.820   0.21%
  (5)   Panama   0.47%
59   (7)   Oman 0.819   0.22%
60   (3)   Trinidad and Tobago 0.814   0.30%
  (4)   Georgia   0.54%
62   (2)   Barbados 0.809   0.18%
63   (6)   Malaysia 0.807   0.41%
64   (5)   Costa Rica 0.806   0.39%
65   (3)   Serbia 0.805   0.39%
66   (6)   Thailand 0.803   0.65%
67   (1)   Seychelles 0.802   0.30%
  (4)   Kazakhstan   0.38%
69   (11)   Belarus 0.801   0.12%

High-income OECD members edit

According to the World Bank, the following 34 members are classified as "OECD High-Income":[16][17]

26 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

Development Assistance Committee members edit

See also: Development Assistance Committee
 
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[18] a group of the world's major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[19] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

23 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies edit

 
  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 41 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[1][20] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version:[21]

29 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA:

Plusd

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.[21]

Paris Club members edit

 
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2023) edit

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank; and income per capita (purchasing power parity) higher than $25,000, according to the IMF.

Developed countries
Countries HDI[22] IMF[23] WB[24] Per capita PPP 2023[25]
2023
  Croatia Yes since 2007 Yes since 2023 Yes since 2017 Yes since 2016
2021
  San Marino Yes since 2021 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 2004
2020
  Andorra Yes since 2003 Yes since 2020 Yes since 1990 Yes before 2010
2016
  Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2016
2015
  Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013
2013
  Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1989[26] Yes since 1996 Yes since 2013
2012
  Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2012
2011
  Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 2011
2009
  Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006
2008
  Malta Yes since 2003 Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 2007
  Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 Yes since 2008 Yes since 1990 Yes since 1987[27]
  Monaco Yes before 1990[28] Yes since 2008 Yes before 1990 Yes since 1987[29]
2007
  Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2006
  Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1989[26] Yes since 1994 Yes since 2007
2006
  Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 1997[30] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2006
  South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[30] Yes since 2001 Yes since 2006
2003
  New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2003
2002
  Cyprus Yes since 2001 Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 2002
  Taiwan N/A[Note 1] Yes since 1997[30] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002
2001
  Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2001
1999
  Singapore Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[30] Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
  Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
  United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
1998
  Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
1997
  Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
  Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
  Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
1996
  Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
1995
  Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1995
1994
  Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
1992
  Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986
  United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
1988
  Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1988
1987
   Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986
In process
Countries HDI[22] IMF[23] WB[24] per capita PPP 2023[25]
  Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2022
  Chile Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2021
  Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006
  Romania Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2017
  Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2015
  Bahamas Yes since 2016 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
  Hungary Yes since 2005 No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2014
  Poland Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2009 Yes since 2014
  Kuwait Yes since 2014 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
  Bahrain Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1983
  Oman Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2007 Yes since 1990
  Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2004 Yes before 1980
  United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
  Brunei Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1990 Yes before 1985
  Qatar Yes since 1996 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
Other recognitions
Countries HDI[22] IMF[23] WB[24] per capita PPP 2023[25]
  Serbia Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2023
  Costa Rica Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022
  Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022
  Argentina Yes since 2006 No No Yes since 2022
  Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2022
  Bulgaria Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2021
  Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2018
  Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No Yes since 2017
  Saint Kitts and Nevis No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2017
  Russia Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2017
  Seychelles No No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2016
  Turkey Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2015
  Barbados No No Yes since 2006 No
  Dominican Republic No No No Yes since 2023
  Guyana No No Yes since 2022 Yes since 2022
  Thailand Yes since 2021 No No No
  Maldives No No No Yes since 2021
  Georgia Yes since 2019 No No No
  Nauru No data No Yes since 2019 No
  Antigua and Barbuda No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2023
  Belarus Yes since 2012 No No No

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.[31] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[32][33] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[34][35]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  2. ^ Least Developed Countries 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2018 list 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine)
  3. ^ "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ^ Developed Economy Definition 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. ^ International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  7. ^ The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. ^ "Human development index". Economics Help. from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  11. ^ "UNCTADstat - Classifications". from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  12. ^ Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9.
  13. ^ Wackernagel, Mathis; Beyers, Bert (2019). Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-86571-911-8. from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  14. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Liu, Wei; Yang, Jing Yu (23 September 2021). "Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs". International Business Review. 32 (2): 101925. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101925. ISSN 0969-5931. S2CID 244268711.
  15. ^ Human Development Report 2023-24: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  16. ^ "Doing Business 2019 Fact Sheet: OECD High-Income" (PDF). World Bank. (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  17. ^ "Doing Business 2019 Regional Profile: OECD High Income" (PDF). World Bank. (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  18. ^ Peer reviews of DAC members – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Oecd.org. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  19. ^ DAC website >> "The DAC in Dates" 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, On the DAC's self-description, see the introductory letter. On other events, refer to the relevant section by date.
  20. ^ "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—All countries/Advanced economies (40 countries)". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  21. ^ a b CIA (2008). . World Factbook. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
  22. ^ a b c United Nations (15 December 2020). Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-9-211-26442-5. (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  23. ^ a b c "World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  24. ^ a b c "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  25. ^ a b c . International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  26. ^ a b "World Economic Outlook, October 1989" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. p. 12. (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  27. ^ "GDP per capita (current US$) - Liechtenstein". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  28. ^ . Monaco Estate. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  29. ^ "GDP per capita (current US$) - Monaco". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  30. ^ a b c d International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. Annual Report of the Executive Board. International Monetary Fund. October 1997. doi:10.5089/9781451945102.011. ISBN 9781451945102. from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  31. ^ Nations, United. "Data Reader's Guide". from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  32. ^ "What is the human development index (HDI)? How are relevant data queried?" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  33. ^ (PDF) (in Chinese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  34. ^ "National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan) - Statistical Tables". eng.stat.gov.tw. from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  35. ^ "國情統計通報" (PDF) (in Chinese). (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2022.

External links edit

  •   Quotations related to Developed country at Wikiquote
  • IMF (advanced economies)
  • The World Factbook 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (developed countries)
  • (definition)
  • (developed regions)
  • World Bank (high-income economies)

April 25, 2024
developed, country, industrial, nation, redirects, here, magazine, industrialnation, confused, with, developing, country, investing, classification, developed, market, developed, country, high, income, country, sovereign, state, that, high, quality, life, deve. Industrial nation redirects here For the magazine see Industrialnation Not to be confused with Developing country For the investing classification see Developed market A developed country or high income country 3 4 is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations Most commonly the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product GDP gross national product GNP the per capita income level of industrialization amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living 5 Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank moreover HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy education and income per capita Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP PPP per capita of at least US 22 000 In 2023 40 countries fit all four criteria while an additional 15 countries fit three out of four Developed countries IMF Developing countries IMF Least developed countries UN Data unavailableWorld map showing country classifications per the IMF 1 and the UN 2 last updated April 2023 Developed economies according to this classification scheme are shown in blue The map does not include classifications by the World Bank Developed countries have generally more advanced post industrial economies meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector They are contrasted with developing countries which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre industrial and almost entirely agrarian some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries As of 2023 update advanced economies comprise 57 3 of global GDP based on nominal values and 41 1 of global GDP based on purchasing power parity PPP according to the IMF 6 Contents 1 Definition and criteria 1 1 Similar terms 2 Economy lists by various criteria 2 1 Human Development Index HDI 2 1 1 High income OECD members 2 2 Development Assistance Committee members 2 3 IMF advanced economies 2 4 Paris Club members 3 Comparative table 2023 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDefinition and criteria edit nbsp UNCTAD members classifications List A List B consisting predominantly of developed countries List C List D To be assigned Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions One such criterion is the income per capita countries with the high gross domestic product GDP per capita would thus be described as developed countries Another economic criterion is industrialisation countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed More recently another measure the Human Development Index HDI which combines an economic measure national income with other measures indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high HDI rating The index however does not take into account several factors such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries such as the G7 members and others 7 8 According to the United Nations Statistics Division There is no established convention for the designation of developed and developing countries or areas in the United Nations system 9 And it notes that The designations developed and developing are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process 10 Nevertheless the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe Israel Japan and the Republic of Korea as well as Australia and New Zealand 11 Similar terms edit See also Global North and Global South Terms linked to the concept developed country include advanced country industrialized country more developed country MDC more economically developed country MEDC Global North country first world country and post industrial country The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom followed by Belgium Later it spread further to Germany United States France and other Western European countries According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs however the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century 12 Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as neither descriptive nor explanatory It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish In reality there are not two types of countries but over 200 countries all faced with the same laws of nature yet each with unique features 13 A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets economies or countries that have graduated from emerging market status but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries 14 Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries Economy lists by various criteria editHuman Development Index HDI edit Main articles Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index nbsp The world map representing Human Development Index categories based on 2021 data published in 2022 Very high High Medium Low No data nbsp World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0 050 based on 2021 data published in 2022 0 950 0 900 0 950 0 850 0 899 0 800 0 849 0 750 0 799 0 700 0 749 0 650 0 699 0 600 0 649 0 550 0 599 0 500 0 549 0 450 0 499 0 400 0 449 0 399 Data unavailable The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy s level of human development While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income the HDI takes into account how income is turned into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development Since 1990 Norway 2001 2006 2009 2019 Japan 1990 1991 and 1993 Canada 1992 and 1994 2000 and Iceland 2007 2008 have had the highest HDI score The following countries in the year 2022 are considered to be of very high human development 15 Rank D Country or territory HDI annual growth 2010 2022 1 nbsp nbsp Switzerland 0 967 nbsp 0 24 2 nbsp 1 nbsp Norway 0 966 nbsp 0 25 3 nbsp nbsp Iceland 0 959 nbsp 0 28 4 nbsp 2 nbsp Hong Kong 0 956 nbsp 0 38 5 nbsp 1 nbsp Denmark 0 952 nbsp 0 35 nbsp nbsp Sweden nbsp 0 38 7 nbsp 8 nbsp Ireland 0 950 nbsp 0 38 nbsp 3 nbsp Germany nbsp 0 19 9 nbsp 1 nbsp Singapore 0 949 nbsp 0 25 10 nbsp 1 nbsp Netherlands 0 946 nbsp 0 26 nbsp 1 nbsp Australia nbsp 0 20 12 nbsp 2 nbsp Liechtenstein 0 942 nbsp 0 23 nbsp 3 nbsp Belgium nbsp 0 26 nbsp nbsp Finland nbsp 0 27 15 nbsp 3 nbsp United Kingdom 0 940 nbsp 0 24 16 nbsp 7 nbsp New Zealand 0 939 nbsp 0 13 17 nbsp 19 nbsp United Arab Emirates 0 937 nbsp 1 04 18 nbsp 5 nbsp Canada 0 935 nbsp 0 22 19 nbsp 3 nbsp South Korea 0 929 nbsp 0 36 20 nbsp 1 nbsp Luxembourg 0 927 nbsp 0 14 nbsp 5 nbsp United States nbsp 0 10 22 nbsp 1 nbsp Slovenia 0 926 nbsp 0 33 nbsp 1 nbsp Austria nbsp 0 21 24 nbsp 4 nbsp Japan 0 920 nbsp 0 16 25 nbsp 1 nbsp Israel 0 915 nbsp 0 26 nbsp 3 nbsp Malta nbsp 0 50 27 nbsp nbsp Spain 0 911 nbsp 0 40 28 nbsp 3 nbsp France 0 910 nbsp 0 28 29 nbsp 3 nbsp Cyprus 0 907 nbsp 0 45 30 nbsp nbsp Italy 0 906 nbsp 0 24 31 nbsp 2 nbsp Estonia 0 899 nbsp 0 33 32 nbsp 6 nbsp Czech Republic 0 895 nbsp 0 22 33 nbsp 3 nbsp Greece 0 893 nbsp 0 18 34 nbsp 3 nbsp Bahrain 0 888 nbsp 0 80 35 nbsp 3 nbsp Andorra 0 884 nbsp 0 20 36 nbsp 2 nbsp Poland 0 881 nbsp 0 35 37 nbsp 2 nbsp Latvia 0 879 nbsp 0 51 nbsp 2 nbsp Lithuania nbsp 0 32 39 nbsp 6 nbsp Croatia 0 878 nbsp 0 53 40 nbsp nbsp Qatar 0 875 nbsp 0 45 nbsp 6 nbsp Saudi Arabia nbsp 0 70 42 nbsp nbsp Portugal 0 874 nbsp 0 42 43 nbsp 10 nbsp San Marino 0 867 nbsp 0 32 44 nbsp nbsp Chile 0 860 nbsp 0 47 45 nbsp 9 nbsp Turkey 0 855 nbsp 1 10 nbsp 5 nbsp Slovakia nbsp 0 14 47 nbsp nbsp Hungary 0 851 nbsp 0 22 48 nbsp 6 nbsp Argentina 0 849 nbsp 0 15 49 nbsp nbsp Kuwait 0 847 nbsp 0 36 50 nbsp 1 nbsp Montenegro 0 844 nbsp 0 38 51 nbsp 2 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 838 nbsp 0 49 52 nbsp 8 nbsp Uruguay 0 830 nbsp 0 47 53 nbsp 3 nbsp Romania 0 827 nbsp 0 14 54 nbsp 1 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 0 826 nbsp 0 18 55 nbsp 7 nbsp Brunei 0 823 nbsp 0 02 56 nbsp 3 nbsp Russia 0 821 nbsp 0 25 57 nbsp 3 nbsp Bahamas 0 820 nbsp 0 21 nbsp 5 nbsp Panama nbsp 0 47 59 nbsp 7 nbsp Oman 0 819 nbsp 0 22 60 nbsp 3 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 0 814 nbsp 0 30 nbsp 4 nbsp Georgia nbsp 0 54 62 nbsp 2 nbsp Barbados 0 809 nbsp 0 18 63 nbsp 6 nbsp Malaysia 0 807 nbsp 0 41 64 nbsp 5 nbsp Costa Rica 0 806 nbsp 0 39 65 nbsp 3 nbsp Serbia 0 805 nbsp 0 39 66 nbsp 6 nbsp Thailand 0 803 nbsp 0 65 67 nbsp 1 nbsp Seychelles 0 802 nbsp 0 30 nbsp 4 nbsp Kazakhstan nbsp 0 38 69 nbsp 11 nbsp Belarus 0 801 nbsp 0 12 High income OECD members edit According to the World Bank the following 34 members are classified as OECD High Income 16 17 26 countries in Europe nbsp Austria nbsp Belgium nbsp Czech Republic nbsp Denmark nbsp Estonia nbsp Finland nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Greece nbsp Hungary nbsp Iceland nbsp Ireland nbsp Italy nbsp Latvia nbsp Lithuania nbsp Luxembourg nbsp Netherlands nbsp Norway nbsp Poland nbsp Portugal nbsp Slovakia nbsp Slovenia nbsp Spain nbsp Sweden nbsp Switzerland nbsp United Kingdom three countries in the Americas nbsp Canada nbsp Chile nbsp United States three countries in Asia nbsp Israel nbsp Japan nbsp South Korea two countries in Oceania nbsp Australia nbsp New Zealand Development Assistance Committee members edit See also Development Assistance Committee nbsp Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union in the Development Assistance Committee DAC 18 a group of the world s major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries 19 The following OECD member countries are DAC members 23 countries in Europe nbsp Austria nbsp Belgium nbsp Czech Republic nbsp Denmark nbsp Finland nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Greece nbsp Hungary nbsp Iceland nbsp Ireland nbsp Italy nbsp Luxembourg nbsp Netherlands nbsp Norway nbsp Poland nbsp Portugal nbsp Slovakia nbsp Slovenia nbsp Spain nbsp Sweden nbsp Switzerland nbsp United Kingdom two countries in the Americas nbsp Canada nbsp United States two countries in Asia nbsp Japan nbsp South Korea two countries in Oceania nbsp Australia nbsp New Zealand IMF advanced economies edit nbsp Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF According to the International Monetary Fund 41 countries and territories are officially listed as advanced economies 1 20 with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version 21 29 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF 6 others given by the CIA nbsp Andorra nbsp Austria nbsp Belgium nbsp Croatia nbsp Cyprus nbsp Czech Republic nbsp Denmark nbsp Estonia nbsp Finland nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Greece nbsp Iceland nbsp Ireland nbsp Italy nbsp Latvia nbsp Lithuania nbsp Luxembourg nbsp Malta nbsp Netherlands nbsp Norway nbsp Portugal nbsp San Marino nbsp Slovakia nbsp Slovenia nbsp Spain nbsp Sweden nbsp Switzerland nbsp United Kingdom Plusd nbsp Faroe Islands nbsp Guernsey nbsp Holy See nbsp Jersey nbsp Liechtenstein nbsp Monaco seven countries and territories in Asia nbsp Hong Kong nbsp Israel nbsp Japan nbsp Macau nbsp Singapore nbsp South Korea nbsp Taiwan three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF one territory given by the CIA nbsp Canada nbsp Puerto Rico nbsp United States nbsp Bermuda d two countries in Oceania nbsp Australia nbsp New Zealand d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF s list of 38 Advanced Economies noting that the IMF s Advanced Economies list would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra Bermuda Faroe Islands Guernsey Holy See Jersey Liechtenstein Monaco and San Marino San Marino 2012 and Andorra 2021 were later included in the IMF s list 21 Paris Club members edit nbsp Permanent members of the Paris Club There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club French Club de Paris a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries 15 countries in Europe nbsp Austria nbsp Belgium nbsp Denmark nbsp Finland nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Ireland nbsp Italy nbsp Netherlands nbsp Norway nbsp Russia nbsp Spain nbsp Sweden nbsp Switzerland nbsp United Kingdom three countries in the Americas nbsp Brazil nbsp Canada nbsp United States three countries in Asia nbsp Israel nbsp Japan nbsp South Korea one country in Oceania nbsp AustraliaComparative table 2023 editComparative table of countries with a very high human development 0 800 or higher according to UNDP advanced economies according to the IMF high income economies according to the World Bank and income per capita purchasing power parity higher than 25 000 according to the IMF Developed countries Countries HDI 22 IMF 23 WB 24 Per capita PPP 2023 25 2023 nbsp Croatia Yes since 2007 Yes since 2023 Yes since 2017 Yes since 2016 2021 nbsp San Marino Yes since 2021 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 2004 2020 nbsp Andorra Yes since 2003 Yes since 2020 Yes since 1990 Yes before 2010 2016 nbsp Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2016 2015 nbsp Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013 2013 nbsp Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1989 26 Yes since 1996 Yes since 2013 2012 nbsp Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2012 2011 nbsp Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 2011 2009 nbsp Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006 2008 nbsp Malta Yes since 2003 Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 2007 nbsp Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 Yes since 2008 Yes since 1990 Yes since 1987 27 nbsp Monaco Yes before 1990 28 Yes since 2008 Yes before 1990 Yes since 1987 29 2007 nbsp Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2006 nbsp Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1989 26 Yes since 1994 Yes since 2007 2006 nbsp Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 1997 30 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2006 nbsp South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997 30 Yes since 2001 Yes since 2006 2003 nbsp New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2003 2002 nbsp Cyprus Yes since 2001 Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 2002 nbsp Taiwan N A Note 1 Yes since 1997 30 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002 2001 nbsp Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2001 1999 nbsp Singapore Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997 30 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991 nbsp Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999 nbsp United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999 1998 nbsp Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 nbsp Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 nbsp Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 nbsp France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 1997 nbsp Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997 nbsp Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997 nbsp Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997 1996 nbsp Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 nbsp Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 nbsp Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 nbsp Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 1995 nbsp Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1995 1994 nbsp Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994 1992 nbsp Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986 nbsp United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992 1988 nbsp Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1988 1987 nbsp Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986 In process Countries HDI 22 IMF 23 WB 24 per capita PPP 2023 25 nbsp Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2022 nbsp Chile Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2021 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006 nbsp Romania Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2017 nbsp Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2015 nbsp Bahamas Yes since 2016 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999 nbsp Hungary Yes since 2005 No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2014 nbsp Poland Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2009 Yes since 2014 nbsp Kuwait Yes since 2014 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992 nbsp Bahrain Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1983 nbsp Oman Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2007 Yes since 1990 nbsp Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2004 Yes before 1980 nbsp United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980 nbsp Brunei Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1990 Yes before 1985 nbsp Qatar Yes since 1996 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980 Other recognitions Countries HDI 22 IMF 23 WB 24 per capita PPP 2023 25 nbsp Serbia Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2023 nbsp Costa Rica Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022 nbsp Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022 nbsp Argentina Yes since 2006 No No Yes since 2022 nbsp Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2022 nbsp Bulgaria Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2021 nbsp Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2018 nbsp Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No Yes since 2017 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2017 nbsp Russia Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2017 nbsp Seychelles No No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2016 nbsp Turkey Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2015 nbsp Barbados No No Yes since 2006 No nbsp Dominican Republic No No No Yes since 2023 nbsp Guyana No No Yes since 2022 Yes since 2022 nbsp Thailand Yes since 2021 No No No nbsp Maldives No No No Yes since 2021 nbsp Georgia Yes since 2019 No No No nbsp Nauru No data No Yes since 2019 No nbsp Antigua and Barbuda No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2023 nbsp Belarus Yes since 2012 No No NoSee also editDigital divide First World privilege First World problem Fourth World Globalization G8 G7 List of countries by wealth per adult Multinational corporation Western BlocNotes edit The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state and is neither included as part of the People s Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China 31 Taiwan s Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0 926 based on UNDP s 2010 methodology 32 33 which would place Taiwan well within the group of Very high human development at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report 34 35 References edit a b World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database WEO Groups and Aggregates Information International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 3 March 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2022 Least Developed Countries Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine 2018 list Archived 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries Their Experience and Implications for Asia PDF adb org Asian Development Bank December 2014 Archived PDF from the original on 26 July 2021 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations rand org RAND Corporation 1 June 2006 Archived from the original on 21 August 2021 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Investopedia 16 April 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2013 International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook Database April 2023 International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 13 April 2023 Retrieved 30 April 2023 The Courier Commission of the European Communities 1994 Archived from the original on 15 March 2020 Retrieved 20 January 2021 Human development index Economics Help Archived from the original on 17 December 2020 Retrieved 23 September 2018 Millennium Development Indicators World and regional groupings United Nations Statistics Division 2003 Note b Archived from the original on 10 February 2005 Retrieved 13 May 2017 Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications M49 Developed Regions United Nations Statistics Division Archived from the original on 11 July 2017 Retrieved 13 May 2017 UNCTADstat Classifications Archived from the original on 6 October 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Sachs Jeffrey 2005 The End of Poverty New York New York The Penguin Press ISBN 1 59420 045 9 Wackernagel Mathis Beyers Bert 2019 Ecological Footprint Managing Our Biocapacity Budget Gabriola Island BC Canada New Society Publishers p 132 ISBN 978 0 86571 911 8 Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2021 Lee Eun Su Liu Wei Yang Jing Yu 23 September 2021 Neither developed nor emerging Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs International Business Review 32 2 101925 doi 10 1016 j ibusrev 2021 101925 ISSN 0969 5931 S2CID 244268711 Human Development Report 2023 24 Breaking the gridlock Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world United Nations Development Programme 13 March 2024 Archived from the original on 17 March 2024 Retrieved 16 March 2024 Doing Business 2019 Fact Sheet OECD High Income PDF World Bank Archived PDF from the original on 1 November 2018 Retrieved 31 October 2018 Doing Business 2019 Regional Profile OECD High Income PDF World Bank Archived PDF from the original on 1 November 2018 Retrieved 31 October 2018 Peer reviews of DAC members Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Oecd org Retrieved 22 October 2013 DAC website gt gt The DAC in Dates Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine On the DAC s self description see the introductory letter On other events refer to the relevant section by date World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database All countries Advanced economies 40 countries International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 13 October 2021 a b CIA 2008 Appendix B International Organizations and Groups World Factbook Archived from the original on 9 April 2008 Retrieved 10 April 2008 a b c United Nations 15 December 2020 Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier Human Development and the Anthropocene PDF United Nations Development Programme pp 343 346 ISBN 978 9 211 26442 5 Archived PDF from the original on 15 December 2020 Retrieved 15 December 2020 a b c World Economic Outlook Database Changes to the Database International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 29 December 2017 Retrieved 7 February 2019 a b c World Bank Country and Lending Groups World Bank Data Help Desk datahelpdesk worldbank org Archived from the original on 28 October 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2021 a b c World Economic Outlook Database October 2019 International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 16 March 2020 a b World Economic Outlook October 1989 PDF International Monetary Fund p 12 Archived PDF from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2020 GDP per capita current US Liechtenstein International Monetary Fund Retrieved 7 June 2023 Monaco Has The World s Highest Score on the U N Human Development Index Monaco Estate 29 November 2021 Archived from the original on 8 July 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 GDP per capita current US Monaco International Monetary Fund Retrieved 7 June 2023 a b c d International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997 Annual Report of the Executive Board International Monetary Fund October 1997 doi 10 5089 9781451945102 011 ISBN 9781451945102 Archived from the original on 25 June 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2020 Nations United Data Reader s Guide Archived from the original on 28 October 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 What is the human development index HDI How are relevant data queried PDF Archived PDF from the original on 12 June 2021 Retrieved 26 October 2022 人類發展指數 PDF in Chinese Archived from the original PDF on 14 April 2021 Retrieved 26 October 2022 National Statistics Republic of China Taiwan Statistical Tables eng stat gov tw Archived from the original on 16 October 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 國情統計通報 PDF in Chinese Archived PDF from the original on 11 February 2023 Retrieved 26 October 2022 External links edit nbsp Quotations related to Developed country at Wikiquote IMF advanced economies The World Factbook Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine developed countries United Nations Statistics Division definition List of countries United Nations Statistics Division developed regions World Bank high income economies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Developed country amp oldid 1218908279, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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