A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.[1] When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydroponics. Crops may include macroscopic fungus (e.g. mushrooms) and marine macroalga (e.g. seaweed), some of which are grown in aquaculture.
The importance of a crop varies greatly by region. Globally, the following crops contribute most to human food supply (values of kcal/person/day for 2013 given in parentheses): rice (541 kcal), wheat (527 kcal), sugarcane and other sugar crops (200 kcal), maize (corn) (147 kcal), soybean oil (82 kcal), other vegetables (74 kcal), potatoes (64 kcal), palm oil (52 kcal), cassava (37 kcal), legume pulses (37 kcal), sunflower seed oil (35 kcal), rape and mustard oil (34 kcal), other fruits, (31 kcal), sorghum (28 kcal), millet (27 kcal), groundnuts (25 kcal), beans (23 kcal), sweet potatoes (22 kcal), bananas (21 kcal), various nuts (16 kcal), soybeans (14 kcal), cottonseed oil (13 kcal), groundnut oil (13 kcal), yams (13 kcal).[3] Note that many of the globally apparently minor crops are regionally very important. For example, in Africa, roots & tubers dominate with 421 kcal/person/day, and sorghum and millet contribute 135 kcal and 90 kcal, respectively.[3]
There are various methods of cropping that are used in the agricultural industry,[6] such as mono cropping, crop rotation, sequential cropping, and mixed intercropping.[7] Each method of cropping have their purposes and possibly disadvantages to them as well.[8] Himanshu Arora defines mono cropping as where a field only grows one specific crop year round.[6] Mono Cropping has its disadvantages, according to Himanshu Arora, such as the risk of the soil losing its fertility.[9] Following mono cropping, another method of cropping is relay cropping. According to the National Library of Medicine, relay cropping may solve a number of conflicts such as inefficient use of available resources, controversies in sowing time, fertilizer application, and soil degradation.[10] The result coming from the use of relay cropping is higher crop output.[11] In the United States, corn is the largest crop produced, and soybean follows in at second, according to the government of Alberta.[12] Referring to a map given by the Government of Alberta, the most popular region to grow these popular crops are in the inner states of the U.S., it is where the crops are most successful in output.[13]
^World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021. www.fao.org. 2021. doi:10.4060/cb4477en. ISBN978-92-5-134332-6. S2CID 240163091. from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
^World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021. www.fao.org. 2021. doi:10.4060/cb4477en. ISBN978-92-5-134332-6. S2CID 240163091. from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
^ abArora, Himanshu (2017-10-06). "Types of Cropping Systems: Mono cropping; Crop Rotation; Sequential Cropping; Inter Cropping; Relay Cropping".
^"Types of Cropping Systems: Mono cropping; Crop Rotation; Sequential Cropping; Inter Cropping; Relay Cropping - Civilsdaily". 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
^"Types of Cropping Systems: Mono cropping; Crop Rotation; Sequential Cropping; Inter Cropping; Relay Cropping - Civilsdaily". 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
^"Types of Cropping Systems: Mono cropping; Crop Rotation; Sequential Cropping; Inter Cropping; Relay Cropping - Civilsdaily". 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
^Tanveer, Mohsin; Anjum, Shakeel Ahmad; Hussain, Saddam; Cerdà, Artemi; Ashraf, Umair (March 2017). "Relay cropping as a sustainable approach: problems and opportunities for sustainable crop production". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 24 (8): 6973–6988. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8371-4. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 28083744. S2CID 207283489.
^Tanveer, Mohsin; Anjum, Shakeel Ahmad; Hussain, Saddam; Cerdà, Artemi; Ashraf, Umair (March 2017). "Relay cropping as a sustainable approach: problems and opportunities for sustainable crop production". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 24 (8): 6973–6988. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8371-4. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 28083744. S2CID 207283489.
^"US Crops – Where Are They Grown?". www.alberta.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
^"US Crops – Where Are They Grown?". www.alberta.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crops.
Sleper, David A.; Poehlman, John M. (2006). Breeding Field Crops. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN9780813824284. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
February 05, 2023
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For other uses see Crop disambiguation A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence 1 When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale it is called a crop Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydroponics Crops may include macroscopic fungus e g mushrooms and marine macroalga e g seaweed some of which are grown in aquaculture Domesticated plants Crops drying in a home in Punjab India Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock Some crops are gathered from the wild often in a form of intensive gathering e g ginseng yohimbe and eucommia Important non food crops include horticulture floriculture and industrial crops Horticulture crops include plants used for other crops e g fruit trees Floriculture crops include bedding plants houseplants flowering garden and pot plants cut cultivated greens and cut flowers Industrial crops are produced for clothing fiber crops e g cotton biofuel energy crop i e Jatrophas algae fuel or medicine medicinal plants Contents 1 Important food crops 2 Methods of cropping and popular crops in the U S 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingImportant food crops Edit World production of crops by commodity group 2 The importance of a crop varies greatly by region Globally the following crops contribute most to human food supply values of kcal person day for 2013 given in parentheses rice 541 kcal wheat 527 kcal sugarcane and other sugar crops 200 kcal maize corn 147 kcal soybean oil 82 kcal other vegetables 74 kcal potatoes 64 kcal palm oil 52 kcal cassava 37 kcal legume pulses 37 kcal sunflower seed oil 35 kcal rape and mustard oil 34 kcal other fruits 31 kcal sorghum 28 kcal millet 27 kcal groundnuts 25 kcal beans 23 kcal sweet potatoes 22 kcal bananas 21 kcal various nuts 16 kcal soybeans 14 kcal cottonseed oil 13 kcal groundnut oil 13 kcal yams 13 kcal 3 Note that many of the globally apparently minor crops are regionally very important For example in Africa roots amp tubers dominate with 421 kcal person day and sorghum and millet contribute 135 kcal and 90 kcal respectively 3 World production of crops main commodities 4 In terms of produced weight the following crops are the most important ones global production in thousand metric tonnes 5 Crop 2000 2013 2020Sugarcane 1 256 380 1 877 110 1 870 246Maize 592 479 1 016 740 1 171 332Rice 599 355 745 710 1 264 410Wheat 585 691 713 183 760 931Potato 327 600 368 096 359 124Methods of cropping and popular crops in the U S EditThere are various methods of cropping that are used in the agricultural industry 6 such as mono cropping crop rotation sequential cropping and mixed intercropping 7 Each method of cropping have their purposes and possibly disadvantages to them as well 8 Himanshu Arora defines mono cropping as where a field only grows one specific crop year round 6 Mono Cropping has its disadvantages according to Himanshu Arora such as the risk of the soil losing its fertility 9 Following mono cropping another method of cropping is relay cropping According to the National Library of Medicine relay cropping may solve a number of conflicts such as inefficient use of available resources controversies in sowing time fertilizer application and soil degradation 10 The result coming from the use of relay cropping is higher crop output 11 In the United States corn is the largest crop produced and soybean follows in at second according to the government of Alberta 12 Referring to a map given by the Government of Alberta the most popular region to grow these popular crops are in the inner states of the U S it is where the crops are most successful in output 13 See also EditAgriculture classification of cropsGeneral topics and economics Cash crop Food crop Crop cultivation Crop yield Fruit trees Industrial crop Intensive crop farming Intercropping List of most valuable crops and livestock products Multiple cropping Neglected and underutilized crop Permanent crop Sharecropping Staple food Nursery plants Floriculture crops Guerrilla gardening Management practices Cover crop Crop destruction Crop residue Crop rotation Crop weed Kharif crops crops specific to South Asia Nurse crop Rabi crops crops specific to South Asia Genetic diversity Crop diversity Crop wild relative Seed bank Origin Neolithic founder cropsReferences Edit crop Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 2017 06 20 World Food and Agriculture Statistical Yearbook 2021 www fao org 2021 doi 10 4060 cb4477en ISBN 978 92 5 134332 6 S2CID 240163091 Archived from the original on 2021 11 03 Retrieved 2021 12 13 a b Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division 2017 FAOstats Food Supply Crops Primary Equivalent World Food and Agriculture Statistical Yearbook 2021 www fao org 2021 doi 10 4060 cb4477en ISBN 978 92 5 134332 6 S2CID 240163091 Archived from the original on 2021 11 03 Retrieved 2021 12 13 FAO 2015 FAO Statistical Pocketbook 2015 ISBN 978 92 5 108802 9 p 28 a b Arora Himanshu 2017 10 06 Types of Cropping Systems Mono cropping Crop Rotation Sequential Cropping Inter Cropping Relay Cropping Types of Cropping Systems Mono cropping Crop Rotation Sequential Cropping Inter Cropping Relay Cropping Civilsdaily 2017 10 06 Retrieved 2022 12 06 Types of Cropping Systems Mono cropping Crop Rotation Sequential Cropping Inter Cropping Relay Cropping Civilsdaily 2017 10 06 Retrieved 2022 12 06 Types of Cropping Systems Mono cropping Crop Rotation Sequential Cropping Inter Cropping Relay Cropping Civilsdaily 2017 10 06 Retrieved 2022 12 16 Tanveer Mohsin Anjum Shakeel Ahmad Hussain Saddam Cerda Artemi Ashraf Umair March 2017 Relay cropping as a sustainable approach problems and opportunities for sustainable crop production Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 24 8 6973 6988 doi 10 1007 s11356 017 8371 4 ISSN 1614 7499 PMID 28083744 S2CID 207283489 Tanveer Mohsin Anjum Shakeel Ahmad Hussain Saddam Cerda Artemi Ashraf Umair March 2017 Relay cropping as a sustainable approach problems and opportunities for sustainable crop production Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 24 8 6973 6988 doi 10 1007 s11356 017 8371 4 ISSN 1614 7499 PMID 28083744 S2CID 207283489 US Crops Where Are They Grown www alberta ca Retrieved 2022 12 16 US Crops Where Are They Grown www alberta ca Retrieved 2022 12 16 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crops Sleper David A Poehlman John M 2006 Breeding Field Crops Blackwell Publishing ISBN 9780813824284 Retrieved December 5 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crop amp oldid 1136157168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
